Luís of Portugal, Duke of Beja

Duke of Beja (1506–155)

Luís of Portugal

Duke of Beja

Infante Luís in the Conquest of Tunis by Pieter Coecke van Aelst; c. 1535–1550

Born| 3 March 1506
Abrantes, Kingdom of Portugal
Died| 27 November 1555(1555-11-27) (aged 49)
Marvila, Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
Issue| António, Prior of Crato
House| Aviz
Father| Manuel I of Portugal
Mother| Maria of Aragon

Infante Luís of Portugal, Duke of Beja (3 March 1506 - 27 November 1555) was the second son of King Manuel I of Portugal and his second wife, Maria of Aragon. He participated in the Conquest of Tunis.

## Early life

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Luís in the Triptych of the Infantes; by the Master of Lourinhã, 1516

Born in Abrantes on 3 March 1506, Luís was the fourth child of Manuel I and Maria of Aragon.[1] His godparents were his aunt Isabel of Viseu, and his cousins Jaime, Duke of Braganza, and João de Almeida, 2nd Count of Abrantes.[2]

Luís displayed exceptional intelligence and enthusiasm for learning from a young age.[3] Under the guidance of Pedro Nunes,[a] he excelled in philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy.[5] He was educated alongside João de Castro and the two became lifelong intimate friends.[6] Luís's amiable nature earned him both admiration among the nobility and widespread popularity among the people, standing out as an educated, affable, and jovial prince in stark contrast to his more somber older brother, John III.[7]

## Duke of Beja

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Luís was granted the title of Duke of Beja on 5 August 1527,[8] as well as possession of several parishes and municipalities that spanned Beira and Alentejo.[9] He also held the titles of Constable of the Kingdom (Portuguese: Condestável do Reino) and Prior of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, with its Portuguese headquarters in the town of Crato.[7] Previously reliant on the crown, Luís's newfound territorial holdings afforded him a measure of economic autonomy. His estates expanded following the death of the Countess of Marialva in 1537,[b] making his household the most extensive in Portugal, in terms of revenues and dependents, second only to John III's.[10]

### Conquest of Tunis

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In the Conquest of Tunis (1535), Luís fought at the side of his brother-in-law Charles V.[11] Charles specifically requested the Portuguese galleon São João Baptista, also known as Botafogo, which was the most powerful ship in the world at the time, boasting 366 bronze cannons.[7] Luís played a crucial role in the campaign by orchestrating a strategic maneuver with the Botafogo spur ram that successfully broke the defensive chains at La Goletta, allowing the Christian allied fleet to access and conquer Tunis.[12] His actions gained him international eminence.[13]

### Patronage

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Luís, a poet himself, was a prominent supporter of the arts and literature, recognized for his patronage of intellectuals and a particular affection for poetry and theater.[14] In later life, the Infante dedicated himself to religious matters.[15] In addition to acting as a patron for the Jesuits,[16] he founded several convents and monasteries.[17] In 1542, after receiving Salvaterra de Magos from his brother, Luís constructed a palace with sumptuous gardens.[18]

### Family

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Despite his grave concerns about the longevity of the House of Aviz,[19][c] Luís never married. For years there were efforts to arrange his marriage with Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon's daughter Mary, the future Mary I of England, but the princess instead married Philip II.[21] Other suggested brides included Christina of Denmark, Hedwig Jagiellon, and his niece Maria Manuela of Portugal.[17]

Luís had a natural son by Violante Gomes, nicknamed Pelicana,[22] a New Christian.[13] Their son António, Prior of Crato, would be one of the claimants to the throne after the death of King Sebastian of Portugal in the disastrous Battle of Alcácer Quibir and the subsequent dynastic crisis that followed,[23] and, according to some historians, the last King of Portugal before the Iberian Union.[24]

## Death

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In November 1555, Luís fell seriously ill in Salvaterra and was brought to court.[17] He died within a few days, on 27 November 1555, and was buried in the Convent of Belém next to his brother, Infante Afonso.[25]

## Ancestry

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Ancestors of Luís of Portugal, Duke of Beja

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8\. Edward I of Portugal[28]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| 4\. Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu[26]|

|  |  |
| 9\. Eleanor of Aragon[28]

| 2\. Manuel I of Portugal|

|  |  |  |  |
| 10\. John, Constable of Portugal[27]

| 5\. Beatrice of Portugal[26]|

|  |  |
| 11\. Isabel of Barcelos[27]

| 1\. Louis, Duke of Beja|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 12\. John II of Aragon[29]

| 6\. Ferdinand II of Aragon[27]|

|  |  |
| 13\. Juana Enríquez[29]

| 3\. Maria of Aragon|

|  |  |  |  |
| 14\. John II of Castile[30]

| 7\. Isabella I of Castile[27]|

|  |  |
| 15\. Isabella of Portugal[30]

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## See also

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* Duke of Beja
* Conquest of Tunis (1535)
* Botafogo (galleon)
* João de Sá Panasco
* Descendants of Manuel I of Portugal

## Notes

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1. ^ The timeframe during which Luís was taught by Nunez is uncertain, but some sources speculate that the lessons took place between 1526 and 1531.[4]
2. ^ Luís's brother, Infante Ferdinand, was married to the daughter of the Countess. Following the passing of Ferdinand and his wife in 1534 without any surviving issue, the Countess bequeathed her entire estate to Luís.
3. ^ In 1540, a series of premature deaths resulted in Infante Henry (who was bound by ecclesiastical vows), Luís, and the ailing Crown Prince João emerging as the sole male-line relatives preceding foreign princes in the line of succession to the Portuguese throne.[20]

## References

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1. ^ McMurdo 1889, p. 114; Sanceau 1970, p. 143
2. ^ Valentim 2006, p. 6.
3. ^ Sanceau 1970, p. 143; Pereira & Rodrigues 1904, p. 573
4. ^ Leitão, Henrique (2003). "Para uma biografia de Pedro Nunes: O surgimento de um matemático, 1502-1542" (PDF). Cadernos de Estudos Sefarditas (in Portuguese) (3). Cátedra de Estudos Sefarditas Alberto Benveniste: 73.
5. ^ Pereira & Rodrigues 1904, p. 573; Deswarte-Rosa 1991, p. 246
6. ^ Stephens 1891, p. 211.
7. ^ a b c Pereira & Rodrigues 1904, p. 573.
8. ^ Carvalhal 2013, p. 537.
9. ^ Carvalhal 2013, p. 539.
10. ^ Carvalhal 2013, p. 540; Valentim 2006, p. 10
11. ^ Brandi, Karl (1980). The Emperor Charles V: The Growth and Destiny of a Man and of a World-empire. Translated by Wedgwood, C.V. Harvester Press. p. 365.; Stephens 1891, p. 179
12. ^ O Panorama. Vol. 5\. 1841. p. 384.; Pereira & Rodrigues 1904, p. 573
13. ^ a b Valentim 2006, p. 8.
14. ^ "PRÉMIO "INFANTE D. LUIS ÀS ARTES" - SALVATERRA DE MAGOS". Salvaterra de Magos Municipo. Retrieved 11 January 2024.; Pereira & Rodrigues 1904, p. 574; Deswarte-Rosa 1991, p. 275
15. ^ Carvalhal 2013, p. 541.
16. ^ Newitt, M. D. D (2005). A history of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400-1668. New York: Routledge. p. 131. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
17. ^ a b c Pereira & Rodrigues 1904, p. 574.
18. ^ Joaquim Manuel da Silva Correia e Natália Brito Correia Guedes (2017). O Paço Real de Salvaterra de Magos (2ª Edição). Lisbon: Livros Horizonte. p. 272\. ISBN 978-9722407236.
19. ^ Deswarte-Rosa 1991, pp. 268–271.
20. ^ Deswarte-Rosa 1991, p. 267.
21. ^ Armstrong, Edward (1902). The Emperor Charles V. Vol. II. London, New York: Macmillan. pp. 18, 278.
22. ^ Stephens 1891, p. 281.
23. ^ Valentim 2006, p. 7.
24. ^ Deswarte-Rosa 1991, p. 245
25. ^ Valentim 2006, p. 11.
26. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Emanuel I." . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
27. ^ a b c d Liss, Peggy K. (10 November 2015). Isabel the Queen: Life and Times. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 11\. ISBN 9780812293203.
28. ^ a b Stephens 1891, p. 139
29. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ferdinand V. of Castile and Leon and II. of Aragon" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
30. ^ a b Isabella I, Queen of Spain at the Encyclopædia Britannica

## Bibliography

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* Carvalhal, Hélder (2013). "A Casa Senhorial do Infante D. Luís e a Casa Real: Autonomia Parcial ou Subordinação Total?". In Serrano, Eliseo (ed.). De la tierra al cielo. Líneas recientes de investigación en Historia Moderna ["From Earth to Heaven. Recent Lines of Research in Modern History] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Zaragoza: Institución Fernando el Católico. pp. 535–542\. ISBN 978-84-9911-234-3.
* Deswarte-Rosa, Sylvie (1991). Espoirs et désespoir de l'infant D. Luís (in French). pp. 241–298.
* McMurdo, Edward (1889). The history of Portugal, from the Commencement of the Monarchy to the Reign of Alfonso III. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
* Pereira, Esteves; Rodrigues, Guilherme (1904). Portugal: diccionario historico, chorographico, heraldico, biographico, bibliographico, numismatico e artistico (in Portuguese). Vol. IV. Lisboa: J. Romano Torres. pp. 573–574.
* Sanceau, Elaine (1970). Reign of the Fortunate King, 1495–1521: Manuel I of Portugal. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books. ISBN 0-2080096-8-X.
* Stephens, H. Morse (1891). The Story of Portugal. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
* Valentim, Carlos Baptista (2006). O Infante D. Luís (1506-1555) e a Investigação do Mar no Renascimento. Lisbon: Academia de Marinha.
* Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil (in Portuguese). Vol. I. Lisbon: Zairol Lda. 1989. pp. 382–384.

* v
* t
* e

Infantes of Portugal

The generations indicate descent from Afonso I, and continues through the House of Aviz, the House of Habsburg through Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain, and the House of Braganza through Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza.

1st generation|

* Sancho I

2nd generation|

* Afonso II
* Infante Pedro, Count of Urgell
* Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders

3rd generation|

* Sancho II
* Afonso III
* Infante Fernando, Lord of Serpa

4th generation|

* Dinis I
* Infante Afonso, Lord of Portalegre

5th generation|

* Afonso IV
* Infante Afonso, Lord of Leiria

6th generation|

* Pedro I

7th generation|

* Fernando I
* Infante João, Duke of Valencia de Campos
* Infante Dinis, Lord of Cifuentes

8th generation|

* Duarte I
* Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra
* Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu
* Infante João, Constable of Portugal
* Infante Fernando

9th generation|

* Afonso V
* Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu
* Infante Pedro, Constable of Portugal
* Infante João, Prince of Antioch
* Cardinal-Infante Jaime of Coimbra
* Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal

10th generation|

* João, Prince of Portugal
* João II
* Infante João, Duke of Viseu
* Infante Diogo, Duke of Viseu
* Manuel I

11th generation|

* Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
* Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Asturias*
* João III
* Infante Luís, Duke of Beja
* Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda
* Cardinal-Infante Afonso
* Henrique I (The Cardinal-King)
* Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães

12th generation|

* Afonso, Prince of Portugal
* Manuel, Prince of Portugal
* Filipe, Prince of Portugal
* João Manuel, Prince of Portugal
* Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães

13th generation|

* Sebastião I
* Diogo, Prince of Portugal and Asturias§
* Filipe II§
* Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugalƒ

14th generation|

* Filipe III§
* Infante Carlos§
* Cardinal-Infante Fernando§
* Infante Alonso§

15th generation|

* Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Portugal and Asturias§
* Teodósio, Prince of Brazil
* Afonso VI
* Pedro II

16th generation|

* João, Prince of Brazil
* João V
* Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja
* Infante António
* Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém

17th generation|

* Pedro, Prince of Brazil
* José I
* Infante Carlos
* Pedro III
* Infante Alexandre

18th generation|

* None

19th generation|

* José, Prince of Brazil
* João VI

20th generation|

* Francisco António, Prince of Beira
* Pedro I of Brazil & IV of Portugal
* Miguel I
* Infante Pedro Carlos#

21st generation|

* João Carlos, Prince of Beira
* Pedro II of Brazil‡
* Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganzaƒ
* Infante Sebastião#

22nd generation|

* Pedro V¶
* Luís I¶
* Infante João, Duke of Beja¶
* Infante Fernando¶
* Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra¶
* Infante Miguel, Duke of Viseuƒ◙
* Infante Francisco Joséƒ◙
* Infante Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganzaƒ◙

23rd generation|

* Carlos I¶
* Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto¶
* Infante Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganzaƒ

24th generation|

* Luís Filipe, Prince Royal¶
* Manuel II¶
* Afonso, Prince of Beiraƒ

* also an infante of Castile and León, Aragon, Sicily and Naples, § also an infante of Spain and an archduke of Austria, # also an infante of Spain, ‡ also an imperial prince of Brazil, ¶ also a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony, ◙ also a prince of Braganza, ¤ title removed in 1920 as their parents' marriage was deemed undynastic, ƒ claimant infante
*[c.]: circa
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