Ludisia

Genus of orchids

Ludisia

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Monocots
Order:  | Asparagales
Family:  | Orchidaceae
Subfamily:  | Orchidoideae
Tribe:  | Cranichideae
Subtribe:  | Goodyerinae
Genus:  | Ludisia
A.Rich.
Species:  |

L. discolor

Binomial name
Ludisia discolor

(Ker Gawl.) A. Rich.

Synonyms[1]

* Anoectochilus dawsonianus H.Low ex Rchb.f.
* Anoectochilus ordeanus Jennings
* Dicrophyla elegans Raf., [nom. illeg.]
* Gonogona discolor (Ker Gawl.) Link
* Goodyera discolor Ker Gawl.
* Goodyera ordeana (Jennings) Boxall ex Náves
* Goodyera ordiana B.S.Williams
* Goodyera rodigasciana L.Linden
* Goodyera rubrovenia B.S.Williams
* Haemaria dawsoniana (H.Low ex Rchb.f.) Hasselb.
* Haemaria dawsoniana (H.Low ex Rchb. f.) Hook. f.
* Haemaria discolor (Ker Gawl.) Lindl.
* Haemaria otletae Rolfe
* Haemaria pauciflora Gagnep.
* Haemaria rubrovenia (B.S.Williams) Rchb.f. ex Stein
* Kuhlhasseltia carrii Holttum
* Ludisia dawsoniana (H.Low ex Rchb.f.) Aver.
* Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) Blume
* Ludisia furetii Blume
* Ludisia odorata Blume
* Ludisia otletae (Rolfe) Aver.
* Myoda rufescens Lindl.
* Neottia discolor (Ker Gawl.) Steud.
* Orchiodes discolor (Ker Gawl.) Kuntze

Ludisia (Lus.[2]) is a genus of orchids that was thought to contain just one species, Ludisia discolor, commonly referred to as jewel orchid. A second species, Ludisia ravanii, from the Philippines, was described in 2013.[3] Ludisia discolor is native to Southern China, Northeast India, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and Myanmar,[4] and often cultivated.

## Description

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They are terrestrial orchids that in their natural setting would be found growing on the forest floor. They are known for their foliage, which is often velvety deep maroon with red veins that run parallel to the centre of the leaf.

Flowers are white with twisting yellow columns. Individual flowers are small but grow in clusters on upright stalks. Flowers in cultivation last a month or more.[5]

## Cultivation

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They need high humidity and warm temperatures with low to medium light, and they tolerate extremely low light levels.

### Conservation

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Like many species today, Ludisia discolor and other species of terrestrial orchids face threats due to climate change and other environmental factors. Studies today that aim to understand more about how orchid species could be cultivated include micropropagation. When micropropagating Ludisia discolor in varying environments, they found that the plant was able to adapt to the environment while maintaining 99% genetic similarity with the parent plant. Now that scientists are able to control the genetic diversity of a plant in varying conditions, it will be beneficial in improving the species’ population numbers.

Apart from climate change and similar environmental factors, the species is currently facing threats of Fusarium oxysporum, which manifests as a stem rot, affecting the flowering of species of orchids.

[6]

[7]

### Cultivars

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Ludisia discolor has two notable cultivars:[citation needed]

* L. discolor 'Alba', an albino variant, and
* L. discolor 'Nigrescens', a mutation often referred to as "black velvet".

## Hybrids

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Hybrids of Ludisia with other orchid genera are placed in the following nothogenera:

* Dossisia[8] (Dsi.) = Ludisia × Dossinia
* Goodisia[9] (Gda.) = Ludisia × Goodyera
* Ludochilus[10] (Lud.) = Ludisia × Anoectochilus
* Macodisia[11] (Mcd.) = Ludisia × Macodes

Note that these hybrids are with other genera in the subtribe Goodyerinae, all commonly referred to as jewel orchids.

(The given references are to registered primary hybrids within each given nothogenus.)

## References

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1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".
2. ^ Alphabetical List of Standard Abbreviations for Natural and Hybrid Generic Names, Royal Horticultural Society, https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/plant-registration-forms/orchid-name-abbreviations-list.pdf
3. ^ "Ludisia ravanii Cootes & G.Tiong | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science".
4. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
5. ^ Flora of China v 25 p 55, 血叶兰 xue ye lan, Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawler) Blume, Coll. Orchid. 113. 1859.
6. ^ Sherif, N. A., Senthil Kumar, T., & Rao, M. V. (2020). DNA barcoding and genetic fidelity assessment of micropropagated Aenhenrya rotundifolia (Blatt.) C.S. Kumar and F.N. Rasm.: a critically endangered jewel orchid. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 26(12), 2391–2405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00917-9
7. ^ Huang, L. ‐W., Wang, C. ‐J., Lin, Y. ‐S., Chung, W. ‐C., & Chung, W. ‐H. (2014). Stem rot of jewel orchids caused by a new forma specialis, F usarium oxysporum f. sp. anoectochili in T aiwan. Plant Pathology, 63(3), 539–547. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12133
8. ^ "The International Orchid Register / RHS Gardening".
9. ^ "The International Orchid Register / RHS Gardening".
10. ^ "The International Orchid Register / RHS Gardening".
11. ^ "The International Orchid Register / RHS Gardening".

[1]

## External links

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* Media related to Ludisia at Wikimedia Commons
* Data related to Ludisia at Wikispecies

Taxon identifiers

Ludisia|

* Wikidata: Q1920024
* Wikispecies: Ludisia
* BOLD: 432130
* CoL: 8VZ2N
* EoL: 108310
* EPPO: 1LXDG
* FNA: 119058
* FoC: 119058
* GBIF: 2784178
* GRIN: 7016
* iNaturalist: 427094
* IPNI: 325764-2
* IRMNG: 1373560
* NCBI: 60010
* Open Tree of Life: 964213
* POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325764-2
* Tropicos: 40009543
* WFO: wfo-4000022384

Ludisia discolor|

* Wikidata: Q135499
* Wikispecies: Ludisia discolor
* BOLD: 432131
* CoL: 3WD8M
* EoL: 1140214
* EPPO: LXDDI
* FNA: 200028741
* FoC: 200028741
* GBIF: 2784179
* GRIN: 406656
* iNaturalist: 427093
* IPNI: 641773-1
* NCBI: 60011
* Open Tree of Life: 299017
* PalDat: Ludisia_discolor
* Plant List: kew-115489
* POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:641773-1
* Species+: 66729
* Tropicos: 100351541
* WFO: wfo-0000230960

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1. ^ Sherif, N. A., Senthil Kumar, T., & Rao, M. V. (2020). DNA barcoding and genetic fidelity assessment of micropropagated Aenhenrya rotundifolia (Blatt.) C.S. Kumar and F.N. Rasm.: a critically endangered jewel orchid. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 26(12), 2391–2405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00917-9 Huang, L. ‐W., Wang, C. ‐J., Lin, Y. ‐S., Chung, W. ‐C., & Chung, W. ‐H. (2014). Stem rot of jewel orchids caused by a new forma specialis, F usarium oxysporum f. sp. anoectochili in T aiwan. Plant Pathology, 63(3), 539–547. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12133

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