Luxembourg–Turkey relations

Bilateral relations

Luxembourg-Turkey relations

Luxembourg |
Turkey

Luxembourg–Turkey relations are the bilateral relation between Luxembourg and Turkey. Following Luxembourg's independence from the Netherlands,[1] Turkey recognized Luxembourg on May 31, 1867.[1] The Turkish Embassy in Luxembourg was established in 1987.[2] In response, Luxembourg opened its embassy in Ankara on November 29, 2011.[2]

## History

[edit]

Relations became tense in late 1990s following the 1997 Luxembourg Council meeting, where the German Chancellor Helmut Kohl defined[3] the European Union as requiring “civilization,” which a Muslim majority country[4] such as Turkey lacked.

Turks were further shocked[5] by the discussion in which the Greek foreign minister Pangalos[6] gave an unmitigated description[5] of the Turks as “bandits, murderers and rapists.’’

## High level visits

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Guest  | Host  | Place of visit  | Date of visit

|
|
|

Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |  Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker | Grand Ducal Palace, Luxembourg City | November 2004[7]
Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker |  Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara | November 8–9, 2011[7]
Grand Duke Henri |  President Abdullah Gül | Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara | November 18–22, 2013[7]

## Economic relations

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* Trade volume between the two countries was US$160 million in 2017 (Turkish exports/imports: 36/124 million USD).[7]
* There are direct flights from Istanbul to Luxembourg City twice daily.[7]
* 2,764 tourists from Luxembourg visited Turkey in 2015.[7]

## See also

[edit]

* Luxembourg portal
* Turkey portal
* Politics portal

* Foreign relations of Luxembourg
* Foreign relations of Turkey

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Hale, William. “Turkish foreign policy since 1774” (Routledge, 2012).
2. ^ a b "Relations between Turkey and Luxembourg". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
3. ^ Boomgaarden, Hajo G. “Religion and Party Positions Towards Turkish EU Accession,” Comparative European Politics, 10 (2012).
4. ^ De Vreese, Claes. “A Threat Called Turkey: Perceived Religious Threat and Support for EU Entry of Croatia, Switzerland and Turkey,” Acta Politica, 48.1 (2013).
5. ^ a b Heinz, Kramer, A Changing Turkey: A Challenge to Europe and the US (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000), p. 287, footnote 40.
6. ^ McLaren, Lauren M. “Explaining Opposition to Turkish Membership of the EU,” European Union Politics, 8.2 (2007).
7. ^ a b c d e f "Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Luxembourg". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Barber, Lionel. “EU Group Rebuffs Turkish Entry Push,” Financial Times, 5 March 1997.
* Boomgaarden, Hajo G. “Religion and Party Positions Towards Turkish EU Accession,” Comparative European Politics, 10 (2012).
* De Vreese, Claes. “A Threat Called Turkey: Perceived Religious Threat and Support for EU Entry of Croatia, Switzerland and Turkey,” Acta Politica, 48.1 (2013).
* Heinz, Kramer, A Changing Turkey: A Challenge to Europe and the US (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000), p. 287, footnote 40.
* Hurd, Elizabeth Shakman. “Negotiating Europe: The Politics of Religion and the Prospects for Turkish Accession,” Review of International Studies, 32.3 (2006), p. 406.
* McLaren, Lauren M. “Explaining Opposition to Turkish Membership of the EU,” European Union Politics, 8.2 (2007).
* Müftüler, Leyla. “Through the Looking Glass: Turkey in Europe,” Turkish Studies, 1.1 (Spring 2000).
* Neumann, Iver B. Uses of the Other: The East in European Identity Formation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999).

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| Australasia|

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Multilateral relations

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* International organizations
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|

Historical|

* Central Treaty Organization
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Diplomacy

| Peace Agreements and Treaties|

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|

International infrastructure|

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* TurkStream
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Missions|

* Diplomatic missions of Turkey / in Turkey
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* Minister
* Diplomatic corps

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