Lynchburg, Virginia

Independent city in Virginia, United States

For other places with the same name, see Lynchburg (disambiguation).

Independent city in Virginia, United States

Lynchburg, Virginia

Independent city

City of Lynchburg

Downtown Lynchburg in 2021.

Seal

Logo

Nickname(s):

City of Seven Hills, The Hill City

Location in Virginia

Lynchburg

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 37°24′13″N 79°10′12″W﻿ / ﻿37.40361°N 79.17000°W﻿ / 37.40361; -79.17000
Country| United States
State| Virginia
Founded| 1786
Incorporated (town)| 1805
Incorporated (city)| 1852
Named after| John Lynch
Government

• Type| Council–Manager
• Mayor| Larry Taylor (R)
• Vice Mayor| Curt Diemer (R)
• Council| Lynchburg City Council
Area

[1]

• Independent city

| 49.53 sq mi (128.27 km2)
• Land| 48.97 sq mi (126.84 km2)
• Water| 0.55 sq mi (1.43 km2)
Elevation

| 630 ft (192 m)
Population

(2020)

• Independent city

| 79,009

• Estimate

(2023)

| 79,535
• Rank| 11th in Virginia
• Density| 1,600/sq mi (620/km2)
• Urban

| 125,596 (US: 268th)
• Metro

| 261,593 (US: 190th)
• Demonym

| Lynchburger
Time zone| UTC−5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP code(s)|

24501, 24502, 24503, 24504, 24505, 24551

Area code(s)| 434
FIPS code| 51-680
GNIS feature ID| 1479007[2]
Website| lynchburgva.gov

Lynchburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. First settled in 1757 by ferry owner and abolitionist John Lynch, the city's population was 79,009 at the 2020 census, making Lynchburg the 11th most populous city in Virginia.[3] Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the banks of the James River, Lynchburg is known as the "City of Seven Hills" or the "Hill City".[4] In the 1860s, Lynchburg was the only city in Virginia that was not recaptured by the Union before the end of the American Civil War.[5]

Lynchburg lies at the center of a wider metropolitan area close to the geographic center of Virginia locally known as “the Lynchburg area”. It is the fifth-largest MSA in Virginia, with a population of 261,593. It is the site of several institutions of higher education, including Virginia University of Lynchburg, Randolph College, University of Lynchburg, Central Virginia Community College and Liberty University. Nearby cities include Roanoke, Charlottesville, and Danville.

## History

[edit]

Monacan Indian Nation and other Siouan Tutelo-speaking tribes had lived in the area for over 10,000 years, driving the Virginia Algonquians eastward to the coastal areas.[6] Explorer John Lederer visited one of the Siouan villages (Saponi) in 1670, on the Staunton River at Otter Creek, southwest of the present-day city, as did the Thomas Batts and Robert Fallam expedition in 1671.

Siouan peoples occupied this area until about 1702; they had become weakened because of high mortality from infectious diseases. The Seneca people, who were part of the Haudenosaunee, or Iroquois Confederacy based in New York, defeated them. The Seneca had ranged south while seeking new hunting grounds through the Shenandoah Valley to the West. At the Treaty of Albany in 1718, the Iroquois Five Nations ceded control of their land east of the Blue Ridge Mountains, including Lynchburg, to the Colony of Virginia; they confirmed this in 1721.

### Founding and early growth

[edit]

First settled by Anglo-Americans in 1757, Lynchburg was named for its founder, John Lynch.[7] When about 17 years old, Lynch started a ferry service at a ford across the James River to carry traffic to and from New London, where his parents had settled. The "City of Seven Hills" quickly developed along the hills surrounding Lynch's Ferry.[8]

In 1786, Virginia's General Assembly recognized Lynchburg, the settlement by Lynch's Ferry on the James River. The James River Company had been incorporated the previous year (and President George Washington was given stock, which he donated to charity) in order to "improve" the river down to Richmond, which was growing and was named as the new Commonwealth's capital. Shallow-draft James River bateau provided a relatively easy means of transportation through Lynchburg down to Richmond and eventually to the Atlantic Ocean. Rocks, downed trees, and flood debris were constant hazards, so their removal became expensive ongoing maintenance. Lynchburg became a tobacco trading, then commercial, and much later an industrial center.

Eventually the state built a canal and towpath along the river to make transportation by the waterway easier, and especially to provide a water route around the falls at Richmond, which prevented through navigation by boat. By 1812, U.S. Chief Justice John Marshall, who lived in Richmond, reported on the navigation difficulties and construction problems on the canal and towpath.

The restored South River Friends Meetinghouse, April 2024

The General Assembly recognized the settlement's growth by incorporating Lynchburg as a town in 1805; it was not incorporated as a city until 1852. In between, Lynch built Lynchburg's first bridge across the James River, a toll structure that replaced his ferry in 1812. A toll turnpike to Salem, Virginia was begun in 1817. Lynch died in 1820 and was buried in the burial ground of the South River Friends Meetinghouse. Quakers later abandoned the town because of their moral opposition to slavery, which the cities economy had begun to rely upon.[9][10] Presbyterians took over the grounds of the meetinghouse in 1899, and adapted it as a church, later building a new church adjacent to the site, and restoring the Quaker meetinghouse to the buildings historical appearance.[9] The meeting house and burial ground are now preserved as a historic site.[11]

To avoid the many visitors at Monticello, Thomas Jefferson in 1806 developed a plantation and house near Lynchburg, called Poplar Forest. He often visited the town, noting, "Nothing would give me greater pleasure than to be useful to the town of Lynchburg. I consider it as the most interesting spot in the state." In 1810, Jefferson wrote, "Lynchburg is perhaps the most rising place in the U.S.... It ranks now next to Richmond in importance...."[12]

Early Lynchburg residents were not known for their religious enthusiasm. The established Church of England supposedly built a log church in 1765. In 1804, evangelist Lorenzo Dow wrote: "...where I spoke in the open air in what I conceived to be the seat of Satan's Kingdom. Lynchburg was a deadly place for the worship of God'." That referred to the lack of churches, which was corrected the following year. Itinerant Methodist Francis Asbury visited the town; Methodists built its first church in 1805. Lynchburg hosted the last Virginia Methodist Conference that bishop Asbury attended (February 20, 1815).[13] As Lynchburg grew, prostitution and other "rowdy" activities became part of the urban mix of the river town. They were often ignored, if not accepted, particularly in a downtown area referred to as the "Buzzard's Roost."[14][better source needed] Methodist preacher and later bishop John Early became one of Lynchburg's civic leaders; unlike early Methodist preachers who had urged abolition of slavery during the Great Awakening; Early was of a later generation that had accommodated to this institution in the slave societies of the South.

On December 3, 1840, the James River and Kanawha Canal from Richmond reached Lynchburg. It was extended as far as Buchanan, Virginia in 1851, but never reached a tributary of the Ohio River as originally planned.[15] Lynchburg's population exceeded 6,000 by 1840, and a water works system was built. Floods in 1842 and 1847 wreaked havoc with the canal and towpath. Both were repaired. Town businessmen began to lobby for a railroad, but Virginia's General Assembly refused to fund such construction. In 1848 civic boosters began selling subscriptions for the Lynchburg and Tennessee Railroad.

By the 1850s, Lynchburg (along with New Bedford, Massachusetts) was among the richest towns per capita in the US.[16] Tobacco (including the manufacture of plug tobacco in factories using rented slave labor), slave-trading, general commerce, and iron and steel manufacturing powered the economy.[17][18]

Railroads had become the wave of the future. Construction on the new Lynchburg and Tennessee railroad had begun in 1850 and a locomotive tested the track in 1852. A locomotive called the "Lynchburg" blew up in Forest, Virginia (near Poplar Forest) later that year, showing the new technology's dangers.[failed verification] By the Civil War, two more railroads had been built, including the South Side Railroad from Petersburg. It became known as the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad in 1870, then a line in the Norfolk and Western Railway, and last as part of the Norfolk Southern Railway.[19] The Orange and Alexandria Railroad stopped in Lynchburg.

### American Civil War

[edit]

During the American Civil War, Lynchburg served as a Confederate transportation hub and supply depot. It had 30 hospitals, often placed in churches, hotels, and private homes.[20]

In June 1864, Union forces of General David Hunter approached within 1-mile (1.6 km) as they drove south from the Shenandoah Valley. Confederate troops under General John McCausland harassed them. Meanwhile, the city's defenders hastily erected breastworks on Amherst Heights. Defenders were led by General John C. Breckinridge, who was an invalid from wounds received at the Battle of Cold Harbor. Union General Philip Sheridan appeared headed for Lynchburg on June 10, as he crossed the Chickahominy River and cut the Virginia Central Railroad. However, Confederate cavalry under General Wade Hampton, including the 2nd Virginia Cavalry from Lynchburg under General Thomas T. Munford, defeated his forces at the two-day Battle of Trevilian Station in Louisa County, and they withdrew. This permitted fast-marching troops under Confederate General Jubal Early to reach within four miles of Lynchburg on June 16 and tear up the tracks of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad to inhibit travel by Union reinforcements, while Confederate reinforcements straggled in from Charlottesville.

On June 18, 1864, in the Battle of Lynchburg, Early's combined forces, though outnumbered, repelled Union General Hunter's troops. Lynchburg's defenders had taken pains to create an impression that the Confederate forces within the city were much larger than they were in fact. For example, a train was continuously run up and down the tracks while drummers played and Lynchburg citizens cheered as if reinforcements were disembarking. Local prostitutes took part in the deception, misleading their Union clients about the large number of Confederate reinforcements. Narcissa Owen (Cherokee), wife of the president of the Lynchburg and Tennessee Railroad, later wrote about her similar deception of Union spies.[21]

From April 6 to 10, 1865, Lynchburg served as the capital of Virginia after the Confederate government fled from Richmond. Governor William Smith and the Commonwealth's executive and legislative branches escaped to Lynchburg as Richmond surrendered on April 3. Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, roughly 20-mile (32 km) east of Lynchburg, ending the Civil War. Lynchburg surrendered on April 12, to Union General Ranald S. Mackenzie.[22]

Ten days later, Confederate Brigadier General James Dearing died. He was a native of nearby Campbell County and descendant of John Lynch; he had been wounded on April 6 at High Bridge during that Appomattox campaign. Mackenzie had visited his wounded friend and former West Point classmate, easing the transition of power.[22]

### Post-Civil War recovery

[edit]

The railroads that had driven Lynchburg's economy were destroyed by the war's end. The residents of the city deeply resented occupying forces under General John Irvin Gregg, and worked more readily with his affable successor General Newton Martin Curtis.[citation needed] Thomas J. Kirkpatrick became superintendent for the public education established under Virginia's Reconstruction-era legislature and Constitution of 1869, and built four new public schools. Previously, the only education for students from poor families was provided through St. Paul's Episcopal Church.

Floods in 1870 and 1877 destroyed the city's bridges (which were rebuilt) and the James River and Kanahwa Canal (which was not rebuilt). The towpath was used as the bed for laying the rails of the Richmond and Allegheny Railroad, a project conceived five decades earlier.

The city limits expanded in 1874. In 1881 that railroad was completed to Lynchburg, and another railroad reached it through the Shenandoah Valley. Lynchburg had a telegraph, about 15,000 residents, and the beginnings of a streetcar system. Many citizens, believing their city crowded enough, did not join the boosters who wanted Lynchburg to become the junction of that valley line and what became the Norfolk and Western Railroad, so the junction was moved to Big Lick. This later developed as the City of Roanoke.

Lynchburg, c. 1919

In the latter 19th century, Lynchburg embraced manufacturing (the city being sometimes referred to as the "Pittsburgh of the South").[citation needed] On a per capita basis, it became one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. In 1880, Lynchburg resident James Albert Bonsack invented the first cigarette-rolling machine. Shortly thereafter Dr. Charles Browne Fleet, a physician and pharmacological tinkerer, introduced the first micro-enema to be mass marketed over the counter. By the city's centennial in 1886, banking activity had increased sixfold over the 1860 level, which some attributed to slavery's demise. The Lynchburg Cotton Mill and Craddock-Terry Shoe Co. (which would become the largest shoe manufacturer in the South) were founded in 1888. The Reusens hydroelectric dam began operating in 1903 and soon delivered more power.[23]

In 1886, Virginia Baptists founded a training school, the Lynchburg Baptist Seminary. It began to offer a college-level program to African-American students in 1900. Now named the Virginia University of Lynchburg, it is the city's oldest institution of higher learning. Not far outside town, Randolph-Macon Woman's College and Sweet Briar College were founded as women's colleges in 1893 and 1901, respectively. In 1903, the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) founded Lynchburg Christian College (later Lynchburg College) in what had been the Westover Hotel resort, which went bankrupt in the Panic of 1901. During the 2018–19 school year, the college's name was changed to the University of Lynchburg, reflecting its expansion of graduate-level programs and research. Lynchburg's first public library, the Jones Memorial Library, opened in 1907.[23]

World War I Memorial in downtown Lynchburg

During World War I, the city's factories supported the war effort, and the area also supplied troops. The city powered through the Roaring Twenties and survived the Great Depression. Its first radio station, WLVA, began in 1930, and its airport opened in 1931. In 1938, the former fairgrounds were redeveloped as side-by-side baseball and football stadiums. [23]

### World War II and after

[edit]

Lynchburg's factories again worked 24 hours daily during World War II. In 1955, both General Electric and Babcock & Wilcox built high technology factories in the area.[23]

Lynchburg lost its bid to gain access to an interstate highway. In the late 1950s, interested citizens, including Virginia Senator Mosby G. Perrow Jr., asked the federal government to change its long-planned route for the interstate highway, now known as I-64, between Clifton Forge and Richmond.[24]

Since the 1940s, maps of the federal interstate highway system showed a proposed northern route, bypassing the manufacturing centers at Lynchburg and Roanoke. But federal officials assured Virginia that the state would decide the route.[25] Although initially favoring that northern route, Virginia's State Highway Commission eventually supported a southern route from Richmond via US-360 and US-460, which connected Lynchburg and Roanoke via US-220 from Roanoke to Clifton Forge, then continued west following US-60 into West Virginia.[26] However, in July 1961, Governor J. Lindsay Almond and US Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges announced that the route would not be changed.[27] Lynchburg was left as the only city with a population in excess of 50,000 (at the time) that was not served by an interstate.[28]

The Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded (now known as the Central Virginia Training School), was established outside Lynchburg in Madison Heights. For several decades throughout the mid-20th century, the state of Virginia authorized compulsory sterilization of the mentally retarded for the purpose of eugenics. The operations were carried out at the institution. An estimated 8,300 Virginians were relocated to Lynchburg and sterilized there, making the city a "dumping ground" of sorts for the feeble-minded, poor, blind, epileptic, and those otherwise seen as genetically "unfit".[29] Carrie Buck challenged the state sterilization, but it was finally upheld by the United States Supreme Court in Buck v. Bell. She was classified as "feeble-minded" and sterilized while a patient at the Virginia State Colony.

Sterilizations were carried out for 35 years until 1972, when the operations were halted. Later in the late 1970s, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a class-action lawsuit against the state of Virginia on behalf of the sterilization victims. In the settlement, victims received formal apologies from the state and counseling if they chose, but the judiciary denied requests for the state to pay for reverse sterilization operations. In 1994, Buck's sterilization and litigation were featured as a television drama, Against Her Will: The Carrie Buck Story.[citation needed] The Manic Street Preachers address the issue in their song "Virginia State Epileptic Colony" on their 2009 album Journal for Plague Lovers.

### Modern revitalization

[edit]

Liberty University, founded in 1971 as Lynchburg Baptist College and renamed in 1985, is one of the country's largest institutions of higher education and the largest employer in the Lynchburg region. The university states that it generates over $1 billion in economic impact to the Lynchburg area annually.[30][31][32]

Lynchburg has ten recognized historic districts, four of them in the downtown residential area.[33][34] Since 1971, 40 buildings have been individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[35]

Downtown Lynchburg has undergone significant revitalization, with hundreds of new loft apartments created through adaptive reuse of historic warehouses and mills. Since 2000, downtown has attracted private investments of more than $110 million, and business activity increased by 205% from 2004 to 2014.[36] In 2014, 75 new apartment units were added to downtown Lynchburg, with 155 further units under construction, increasing the number of housing units downtown by 48% from 2010 to 2014.[36]

In 2015, the $5.8-million Lower Bluffwalk pedestrian street zone opened.[37] Notable projects underway in downtown by the end of 2015 include the $25-million Virginian Hotel restoration project, a $16.6-million restoration of the Academy Center of the Arts, and $4.6-million expansion of Amazement Square Children's Museum.[38][39][40][41]

### Timeline

[edit]

Timeline of Lynchburg, Virginia

* 1786 – Lynchburg founded.[42]
* 1791 – Tobacco warehouse built.[42]
* 1798 – South River Friends Meetinghouse built.
* 1805 – Town of Lynchburg incorporated.[42]
* 1806
* City Cemetery established.
* Construction of Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest begins near Lynchburg.[43]
* 1830
* Elijah Fletcher becomes mayor.
* Population: 4,630.[44]
* 1840
* James River and Kanawha Canal to Richmond opens.[42]
* Population: 6,395.[44]
* 1850 – Population: 8,071.[44]
* 1852
* Virginia & Tennessee Railroad begins operating.[43]
* City of Lynchburg incorporated.[42]
* Lynchburg Daily Virginian newspaper begins publication.[45]
* 1855 – Lynchburg Courthouse built.[42]
* 1856 – Methodist Protestant Lynchburg College established.[42]
* 1864 – June 17–18: Battle of Lynchburg fought near city during the American Civil War.[43]
* 1866 – Southern Memorial Association founded.[46]
* 1870 – September: Flood.[47]
* 1879 – George D. Witt Shoe Corporation in business.
* 1880 – James Albert Bonsack invents cigarette rolling machine.
* 1886 – First Baptist Church built.
* 1888 – Virginia Theological Seminary founded.[43]
* 1893 – Randolph-Macon Woman's College opens.[42]
* 1895 – St. Paul's Church built.
* 1898 – "Confederate Infantryman" monument erected.[42]
* 1900 – Population: 18,891.
* 1903 – Virginia Christian College founded.[43]
* 1908 – Jones Memorial Library opens.[48]
* 1912 – Equal Suffrage League formed.[42]
* 1913 – Statue of John Warwick Daniel erected.[42]
* 1920 – Little Theater established.[42]
* 1928 – Monument Terrace built.[42]
* 1930
* WLVA radio begins broadcasting.[49]
* Population: 40,661.
* 1932 – Civic Art League founded.[42]
* 1940 – City Stadium opens.[50]
* 1953 – WLVA-TV (television) begins broadcasting.[51]
* 1954 – Carter Glass Memorial Bridge opens.
* 1959 – Pittman Plaza shopping centre in business.[50]
* 1966
* Lynchburg Public Library opens.[48]
* Central Virginia Community College[43] and Lynchburg Baseball Corporation established.[50]
* 1971 – Lynchburg Baptist College (later Liberty University) founded.[43]
* 1978 – Point of Honor house museum opens.
* 1980 – Population: 66,743.
* 1990 – President George H. W. Bush gives commencement speech at Liberty University.[52]
* 1993 – Bob Goodlatte becomes U.S. representative for Virginia's 6th congressional district.[53]
* 1995 – Lynchburg Hillcats baseball team active.
* 2000 – City website online (approximate date).[54][55]
* 2010 – Population: 75,568.[56]
* 2016 – Joan Foster becomes mayor.
* 2017 – President Donald Trump gives commencement speech at Liberty University.[52]
* 2023 - Stephanie Reed becomes mayor.

## Geography

[edit]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 49.6 square miles (128.5 km2), of which 49.2 square miles (127.4 km2) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) (1.0%) is water.[57]

### Neighborhoods

[edit]

The first neighborhoods of Lynchburg developed upon hills adjacent to the original ferry landing. These neighborhoods include:

* Court House Hill (original hill)
* College Hill
* Daniel's Hill
* Diamond Hill (Grace Street, Washington Street)
* Federal Hill
* Franklin Hill
* Garland Hill
* White Rock Hill (Florida Avenue)

Other major neighborhoods include Tinbridge Hill, Boonsboro, Trents Ferry, Rivermont, Fairview Heights (Campbell Ave corridor), Jackson Heights, Federal Hill (Federal Street, Jackson Street, Harrison Street) Fort Hill, Forest Hill (Old Forest Rd. Area), Timberlake, Windsor Hills, Sandusky, Sheffield, Linkhorne, Cornerstone and Wyndhurst.

### Climate

[edit]

Lynchburg has a four-season humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with cool winters and hot, humid summers. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 35.9 °F (2.2 °C) in January to 76.0 °F (24.4 °C) in July.[58] Nights tend to be significantly cooler than days throughout much of the year due in part to the moderate elevation. In a typical year, there are 27.4 days with a high temperature 90 °F (32 °C) or above, and 6.2 days with a high of 32 °F (0 °C) or below.[58][59] Snowfall averages 11.6 inches (29 cm) per season but this amount varies highly with each winter; the snowiest winter is 1995–96 with 56.8 in (144 cm) of snow, but the following winter recorded only trace amounts, the least on record.[60] The average snowiest month is February which corresponds with the annual peak in nor'easter activity. The plant hardiness zone is 7b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 5 °F (−15 °C).

Temperature extremes range from 106 °F (41 °C), recorded on July 10, 1936, down to −11 °F (−24 °C), recorded on February 20, 2015.[58] However, several decades may pass between 100 and 0 °F (38 and −18 °C) readings, with the last such occurrences being July 8, 2012 and February 20, 2015, respectively.[58]

Climate data for Lynchburg, Virginia (Lynchburg Regional Airport), 1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1893–present[b]

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °F (°C)  | 80
(27)  | 82
(28)  | 92
(33)  | 95
(35)  | 100
(38)  | 104
(40)  | 106
(41)  | 105
(41)  | 102
(39)  | 98
(37)  | 84
(29)  | 79
(26)  | 106
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)  | 67
(19)  | 70
(21)  | 79
(26)  | 86
(30)  | 89
(32)  | 93
(34)  | 95
(35)  | 94
(34)  | 90
(32)  | 84
(29)  | 75
(24)  | 68
(20)  | 96
(36)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)  | 46.0
(7.8)  | 49.6
(9.8)  | 58.2
(14.6)  | 68.8
(20.4)  | 75.9
(24.4)  | 83.2
(28.4)  | 86.9
(30.5)  | 85.2
(29.6)  | 78.9
(26.1)  | 68.9
(20.5)  | 58.2
(14.6)  | 49.0
(9.4)  | 67.4
(19.7)
Daily mean °F (°C)  | 35.9
(2.2)  | 38.8
(3.8)  | 46.4
(8.0)  | 56.1
(13.4)  | 64.2
(17.9)  | 72.0
(22.2)  | 76.0
(24.4)  | 74.5
(23.6)  | 68.0
(20.0)  | 57.0
(13.9)  | 46.5
(8.1)  | 38.9
(3.8)  | 56.2
(13.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)  | 25.8
(−3.4)  | 28.0
(−2.2)  | 34.6
(1.4)  | 43.5
(6.4)  | 52.5
(11.4)  | 60.7
(15.9)  | 65.0
(18.3)  | 63.8
(17.7)  | 57.1
(13.9)  | 45.1
(7.3)  | 34.8
(1.6)  | 28.9
(−1.7)  | 45.0
(7.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C)  | 7
(−14)  | 12
(−11)  | 18
(−8)  | 29
(−2)  | 38
(3)  | 50
(10)  | 56
(13)  | 55
(13)  | 43
(6)  | 30
(−1)  | 21
(−6)  | 14
(−10)  | 5
(−15)
Record low °F (°C)  | −10
(−23)  | −11
(−24)  | 5
(−15)  | 20
(−7)  | 30
(−1)  | 40
(4)  | 49
(9)  | 45
(7)  | 35
(2)  | 21
(−6)  | 8
(−13)  | −4
(−20)  | −11
(−24)
Average precipitation inches (mm)  | 3.46
(88)  | 2.91
(74)  | 3.76
(96)  | 3.45
(88)  | 3.98
(101)  | 3.82
(97)  | 4.19
(106)  | 3.22
(82)  | 3.96
(101)  | 3.12
(79)  | 3.39
(86)  | 3.50
(89)  | 42.76
(1,086)
Average snowfall inches (cm)  | 3.5
(8.9)  | 3.6
(9.1)  | 2.4
(6.1)  | 0.1
(0.25)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 2.0
(5.1)  | 11.6
(29)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.9  | 9.5  | 11.1  | 10.2  | 12.1  | 10.9  | 11.8  | 9.7  | 8.5  | 7.7  | 8.1  | 9.4  | 118.9
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 1.7  | 1.8  | 1.2  | 0.1  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.9  | 5.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 167.0  | 168.2  | 221.7  | 243.7  | 272.3  | 287.5  | 273.4  | 256.6  | 226.5  | 215.4  | 169.6  | 155.9  | 2,657.8
Percentage possible sunshine | 54  | 56  | 60  | 62  | 62  | 65  | 61  | 61  | 61  | 62  | 55  | 52  | 60
Source: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[58][59][61]

### Seven Hills

[edit]

One of the most prominent nicknames of Lynchburg is the "City of Seven Hills." This is due to one prominent feature of its geography, the seven hills that are spread throughout the region. The seven hills are: College Hill, Garland Hill, Daniel's Hill, Federal Hill, Diamond Hill, White Rock Hill, and Franklin Hill.[62]

### Adjacent counties

[edit]

* Amherst County – northeast
* Bedford County – west, northwest
* Campbell County – south, southeast

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1830| 4,630| | —
1840| 6,395| | 38.1%
1850| 8,071| | 26.2%
1860| 6,853| | −15.1%
1870| 6,825| | −0.4%
1880| 15,959| | 133.8%
1890| 19,709| | 23.5%
1900| 18,891| | −4.2%
1910| 29,494| | 56.1%
1920| 30,070| | 2.0%
1930| 40,661| | 35.2%
1940| 44,541| | 9.5%
1950| 47,727| | 7.2%
1960| 54,790| | 14.8%
1970| 54,083| | −1.3%
1980| 66,743| | 23.4%
1990| 66,049| | −1.0%
2000| 65,269| | −1.2%
2010| 75,568| | 15.8%
2020| 79,009| | 4.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[63]
1790–1960[64] 1900–1990[65]
1990–2000[66] 2010[67] 2020[68]

### 2020 census

[edit]

Lynchburg city, Virginia - Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)  Race / Ethnicity  | Pop 2010[67] | Pop 2020[68] | % 2010  | % 2020

|
|
|
|

White alone (NH)  | 47,574  | 47,654  | 62.96%  | 60.31%
Black or African American alone (NH)  | 21,984  | 21,228  | 29.09%  | 26.87%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)  | 200  | 200  | 0.26%  | 0.25%
Asian alone (NH)  | 1,852  | 1,752  | 2.45%  | 2.22%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)  | 27  | 34  | 0.04%  | 0.04%
Some Other Race alone (NH)  | 184  | 669  | 0.24%  | 0.85%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH)  | 1,447  | 3,592  | 1.91%  | 4.55%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)  | 2,300  | 3,880  | 3.04%  | 4.91%
Total | 75,568 | 79,009 | 100.00% | 100.00%

Note: the U.S. Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

### 2010 census

[edit]

As of the 2010 census,[69] there were 75,568 people, 25,477 households, and 31,992 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,321.5 people per square mile (510.2 people/km2). There were 27,640 housing units at an average density of 559.6 units per square mile (216.1 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 63.0% White, 29.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.5% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.63% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population.

There were 25,477 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.92.

The age distribution of the city had: 22.1% under the age of 18, 15.5% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 79.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,234, and the median income for a family was $40,844. Males had a median income of $31,390 versus $22,431 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,263. About 12.3% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.4% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Lynchburg ranks below the 2006 median annual household income for the U.S. as a whole, which was $48,200, according to the US Census Bureau.[70]

In 2009, almost 27% of Lynchburg children lived in poverty. The state average that year was 14%.[71]

## Economy

[edit]

Bank of the James in Lynchburg Allied Arts Building in Downtown Lynchburg, completed in 1931

Of Virginia's larger metro areas, Forbes Magazine ranked Lynchburg the fifth best place in Virginia for business in 2006, with Virginia being the best state in the country for business.[72] In the same survey, Lynchburg achieved the rank of 109th in the nation.

Industries within the Lynchburg MSA include nuclear technology, pharmaceuticals, and material handling. A diversity of small businesses with the region has helped maintain a stable economy and has minimized the impacts of nation-wide economic downturns.[73][74]

## Arts and culture

[edit]

In a Forbes magazine survey, Lynchburg ranked 189 for cultural and leisure out of 200 cities surveyed:[75]

* Lynchburg Symphony Orchestra. Created in 1983, throughout the years a variety of music has been presented, from the classical to the patriotic to the popular.[76]
* Academy of Fine Arts. Greater Lynchburg's center for arts, culture, and community building.[77]
* Commerce Street Theater.[78]
* Renaissance Theater. The longest-running community theater in the area, open for over 25 years.
* Lynchburg Art Club. Formed in March 1895.
* Opera on the James. Opera performed by national and regional artists in a wide variety of venues since 2005 including classic grand operas, small scale lesser-known operas, contemporary works, family operas, concerts of diverse repertoire, lectures, school tours and free community outreach.
* The Maier Museum of Art. The museum is located on the campus of Randolph College and features works by American artists of the 19th and 20th centuries.
* Riverviews Artspace. A nonprofit arts organization presenting contemporary art exhibitions, multi-disciplinary programs, and events.
* Wolfbane Productions. An award-winning performing arts organization with year-round performances and cultural events.

The following attractions are located within the Lynchburg metropolitan area:

* Amazement Square: Central Virginia's first multidisciplinary, hands-on children's museum.
* Appomattox Courthouse: The site of the Battle of Appomattox Court House, where the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant took place on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the American Civil War.
* Crabtree Falls: The longest waterfall east of the Mississippi River, is located in Nelson County, Virginia. The trail leads hikers along a 1.7-mile hike with views of five cascades of Crabtree Falls. The land formerly in private ownership prior to the late 1970s is in the George Washington National Forest. Crabtree Falls sits near two undeveloped mountainous areas designated as Wilderness areas: The Priest & Three Ridges respectfully. Since 1982, thirty (30) people have fallen to their deaths due to navigating too far away from the trail. There are warning signs at the public trailhead because of this.
* James River Heritage Trail: Composed of two smaller trails, the Blackwater Creek Bikeway and RiverWalk.[79]
* Trails of Blackwater Creek: a network of paved and unpaved trails weaving through the Blackwater Creek natural area.[80][81]
* Miller-Claytor House: Pre-19th century townhouse where Thomas Jefferson allegedly proved to the owner of the house's garden that tomatoes were not poisonous by eating one of the fruit.[82] Home was dismantled in 1936 and rebuilt at its Riverside Park location, where the garden was also restored.
* National D-Day Memorial: Located in Bedford, Virginia, it commemorates all those who served the United States during the D-Day Invasion of Normandy, France on June 6, 1944, during World War II.
* Nature Zone: A division of Lynchburg Parks and Recreation.
* Old City Cemetery Museums & Arboretum: The most visited historic site in the City of Lynchburg. Established in 1806, the Old City Cemetery is Lynchburg's only publicly owned burial ground and one of its oldest cemeteries.[83] It is also home to the largest public collection of heirloom or "antique" roses in the Commonwealth of Virginia.[84]
* The Old Court House: This Hill City landmark was built in 1855. Fashioned as a Greek temple high above the James River, it is now the home of Central Virginia's best collection of memorabilia, furnishings, costumes and industrial history.[citation needed]
* Peaks of Otter: Three mountain peaks in the Blue Ridge Mountains, overlooking the town of Bedford, Virginia and in prominent view throughout most of Lynchburg.
* Point of Honor: The Federal-era mansion of Dr. George Cabell Sr., friend and physician of the patriot Patrick Henry, and John S. Langhorne whose daughter Elizabeth Langhorne Lewis led the fight for women's suffrage.[85] His granddaughters include Mrs. Charles Dana Gibson, the original "Gibson Girl" and Nancy Langhorne, Lady Astor, the first woman elected to the British Parliament.[86]
* Poplar Forest: Thomas Jefferson's retreat home. Jefferson designed the octagonal house during his second term as president and sojourned here in his retirement to find rest and leisure and escape public life. Ongoing restoration and archaeology is taking place at the site.[needs update] A future access road/parkway is planned between the property and the Wyndhurst community with an existing signalized intersection on Enterprise Drive.[needs update]
* Smith Mountain Lake: The largest lake entirely within Virginia, located in Bedford County, Virginia and Franklin County, Virginia (part of the Lynchburg MSA), the man-made lake features about 20,000 surface acres and 500 miles of shoreline.

## Sports and recreation

[edit]

Lynchburg City Stadium – Calvin Falwell Field Lynchburg Hillcats Hollins Mill Waterfall on the Blackwater Creek Greenway, James River Heritage Trail

Lynchburg is home to sporting events and organizations including:

* Blackwater Rugby Club: a local Men's Division III rugby club, part of the Capitol Rugby Union of USA Rugby.
* 7 Hills Hash House Harriers: The local chapter of an international group of non-competitive running, social and drinking clubs.
* Hiking areas include the Appalachian Trail, Peaks of Otter, Apple Orchard Falls Trail, Blackwater Creek Natural Area, Liberty Mountain Trail System, Crabtree Falls, Holliday Lake, Mount Pleasant National Scenic Holliday Lake, and Otter Creek Trail.
* Liberty Flames: An NCAA Division I department of athletics competing in 20 sports. They are a member of Conference USA.[87]
* University of Lynchburg: The Hornets are an NCAA Division III school competing in 13 sports, as a member of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference (ODAC).[88]
* Lynchburg Hillcats: A Class Single-A professional baseball team in the Carolina League. They are affiliated with the Cleveland Guardians of the American League.[89]
* Liberty Mountain SnowFlex Centre: A synthetic ski slope featuring Snowflex, located near Liberty University. It includes beginner, intermediate and advanced slopes for year-round skiing, snowboarding, and inner-tubing. It is the first of its kind in the United States.[90][91]

## Government

[edit]

Lynchburg City Hall

Lynchburg uses a council-manager system. The Lynchburg City Council is composed of seven members that each serve a four-year term. There are four wards that elect a member; the remaining three are elected in at-large elections in which the top three candidates obtain a seat. The City Council is also responsible for appointing a city manager, city attorney, and city clerk.

### City Council

[edit]

* Larry Taylor (Mayor) (at-large)[92]
* Curt Diemer (Vice-Mayor) (Ward III)[93][92]
* Chris Faraldi (Ward IV)
* Marty Misjuns (at-large)
* Stephanie Reed (at-large)
* Jaqueline Timmer (Ward I)[93]
* Sterling Wilder (Ward II)

### List of mayors

[edit]

1. John Wiatt, 1806[94]
2. Roderick Taliaferro, 1807
3. Samuel J. Harrison, 1808
4. John Lynch Jr., 1809
5. M. Lambert, 1810
6. John Schoolfield, 1811
7. James Stewart, 1812
8. Robert Morris, 1813
9. Samuel J. Harrison, 1814
10. James Stewart, 1815
11. John M. Gordon, 1816
12. Samuel J. Harrison, 1817
13. William Morgan, 1818
14. James Stewart, 1819
15. John Thurman, 1820
16. Micajah Davis, 1821
17. John Hancock, 1822
18. Thomas A. Holcombe, 1823
19. Albon McDaniel, 1824
20. John Victor, 1825
21. Albon McDaniel, 1826
22. Christopher Winfree, 1827
23. Albon McDaniel, 1828
24. Ammon Hancock, 1829
25. Elijah Fletcher, 1830
26. John R. D. Payne, 1831
27. Elijah Fletcher, 1833
28. John M. Warwick, 1833
29. Henry M. Didlake, 1834
30. Samuel J. Wiatt, 1835
31. Pleasant Labby, 1836
32. Ammon Hancock, 1837
33. Martin W. Davenport, 1838
34. John R. D. Payne, 1839
35. Samuel Nowlin, 1840
36. Ammon Hancock, 1841
37. Henry M. Didlake, 1842
38. Edwin Mathews, 1843
39. David W. Burton, 1844
40. M. Hart, 1845
41. Henry M. Didlake, 1846
42. Daniel J. Warwick, 1847
43. Henry 0 Schoolfield, 1848
44. Edwin Mathews, 1849
45. Henry M. Didlake, 1850
46. William D. Branch, 1851
47. Albon McDaniel, 1869
48. James M. Cobbs, 1870
49. George H. Burch, 1872
50. Samuel A. Bailey, 1876
51. Samuel Griffin Wingfield, 1880[95]
52. A. H. Pettigrew, 1882
53. Nathaniel Clayton Manson Jr., 1884–1891[96]
54. Robert D. Yancey, circa 1900[97]
55. Royston Jester Jr., circa 1918[98]
56. Unknown
57. L. E. Litchford, circa 1937[99]
58. Clarence G. Burton, 1946–1948[100]
59. Jerome V. Morrison, c. 1952[99]
60. John L. Suttenfield, c. 1953–1956[99]
61. Leighton B. Dodd, c. 1973
62. Elliott Shearer, c. 1982[101]
63. Jimmie Bryan, c. 1986[98]
64. Unknown
65. M.W. "Teedy" Thornhill Jr., 1991–1992[102]
66. James S. Whitaker, 1994–1998[103]
67. Carl B. Hutcherson Jr., c. 2002–2005[104]
68. Michael Gillette, c. 2015[105]
69. Joan Foster, 2016–2018[105]
70. Treney Tweedy, 2018–2020 [106]
71. MaryJane Dolan, 2020–2022 [107]
72. Stephanie Reed, 2023–2025 [108]
73. Larry Taylor, 2025-present [109]

### Politics

[edit]

United States presidential election results for Lynchburg, Virginia[110] Year  | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies)

|
|
|

No. | % | No. | % | No. | %
2024 | 19,574  | 52.87% | 16,664  | 45.01%  | 785  | 2.12%
2020 | 17,097  | 47.02%  | 18,048  | 49.63% | 1,218  | 3.35%
2016 | 17,982  | 50.43% | 14,792  | 41.48%  | 2,883  | 8.09%
2012 | 19,806  | 54.34% | 15,948  | 43.76%  | 694  | 1.90%
2008 | 17,638  | 51.36% | 16,269  | 47.37%  | 434  | 1.26%
2004 | 14,400  | 54.67% | 11,727  | 44.52%  | 213  | 0.81%
2000 | 12,518  | 53.25% | 10,374  | 44.13%  | 614  | 2.61%
1996 | 11,441  | 49.72% | 10,281  | 44.68%  | 1,290  | 5.61%
1992 | 12,518  | 50.13% | 9,587  | 38.40%  | 2,864  | 11.47%
1988 | 15,323  | 64.04% | 8,279  | 34.60%  | 324  | 1.35%
1984 | 18,047  | 67.41% | 8,542  | 31.91%  | 183  | 0.68%
1980 | 15,245  | 62.44% | 7,783  | 31.88%  | 1,389  | 5.69%
1976 | 14,564  | 61.18% | 8,227  | 34.56%  | 1,013  | 4.26%
1972 | 13,259  | 74.11% | 4,208  | 23.52%  | 423  | 2.36%
1968 | 9,943  | 54.34% | 4,305  | 23.53%  | 4,051  | 22.14%
1964 | 10,044  | 59.66% | 6,758  | 40.14%  | 32  | 0.19%
1960 | 7,271  | 59.33% | 4,961  | 40.48%  | 24  | 0.20%
1956 | 6,806  | 64.81% | 3,362  | 32.01%  | 334  | 3.18%
1952 | 7,090  | 64.75% | 3,848  | 35.14%  | 11  | 0.10%
1948 | 2,373  | 35.17%  | 2,480  | 36.76% | 1,894  | 28.07%
1944 | 2,396  | 35.69%  | 4,302  | 64.08% | 15  | 0.22%
1940 | 1,966  | 29.65%  | 4,656  | 70.22% | 9  | 0.14%
1936 | 1,373  | 26.96%  | 3,697  | 72.60% | 22  | 0.43%
1932 | 1,200  | 24.31%  | 3,656  | 74.07% | 80  | 1.62%
1928 | 2,730  | 57.88% | 1,987  | 42.12%  | 0  | 0.00%
1924 | 606  | 21.49%  | 2,086  | 73.97% | 128  | 4.54%
1920 | 609  | 22.30%  | 2,096  | 76.75% | 26  | 0.95%
1916 | 353  | 19.16%  | 1,465  | 79.53% | 24  | 1.30%
1912 | 111  | 6.03%  | 1,487  | 80.82% | 242  | 13.15%
1908 | 473  | 32.64%  | 962  | 66.39% | 14  | 0.97%
1904 | 292  | 22.44%  | 995  | 76.48% | 14  | 1.08%
1900 | 660  | 37.65%  | 1,081  | 61.67% | 12  | 0.68%
1896 | 1,647  | 48.92%  | 1,657  | 49.21% | 63  | 1.87%
1892 | 1,358  | 35.63%  | 2,422  | 63.55% | 31  | 0.81%
1888 | 1,796  | 46.52%  | 2,054  | 53.20% | 11  | 0.28%
1884 | 1,760  | 47.75%  | 1,926  | 52.25% | 0  | 0.00%
1880 | 861  | 38.06%  | 1,400  | 61.89% | 1  | 0.04%

Lynchburg has traditionally been a conservative stronghold. This predates the influence of Liberty University; it was one of the first areas of the state where the old-line Byrd Democrats began splitting their tickets at the national level in the 1950s. However, conservative Democrats continued to hold most local offices well into the 1970s.

However, the Democratic Party has seen a gradual increase in popularity in the city since the 1990s, and Lynchburg's political atmosphere has become increasingly moderate. In the 2020 United States presidential election, a plurality of voters in Lynchburg voted for Democratic challenger Joe Biden over Republican incumbent Donald Trump.[111] Biden was the first Democrat to carry Lynchburg since Harry S. Truman in 1948.

Trump flipped the city back in 2024, though he won it by a slightly smaller margin than in 2016.

## Education

[edit]

### Colleges and universities

[edit]

#### Public colleges

[edit]

* Central Virginia Community College[112]

#### Private schools

[edit]

DeMoss Learning Center at Liberty University

* Liberty University[113] and Liberty University Online Academy (LUOA)
* University of Lynchburg[114]
* Randolph College[115]
* Virginia University of Lynchburg[116]
* Sweet Briar College (located in nearby Sweet Briar, Virginia)[117]

### Primary and secondary schools

[edit]

#### Public schools

[edit]

Thomas C. Miller Elementary School for Innovation

The city is served by the Lynchburg City Public Schools system, which is overseen by the Lynchburg City School Board, which is appointed by the Lynchburg City Council.

* E. C. Glass High School – 2111 Memorial Ave[118]
* Heritage High School – 3020 Wards Ferry Rd[119]
* Linkhorne Middle School – 2525 Linkhorne Dr[120]
* Paul Laurence Dunbar Middle School – 1208 Polk St[121]
* Sandusky Middle School – 805 Chinook Place[122]
* William Marvin Bass Elementary School[123]
* Bedford Hills Elementary School[124]
* Dearington Elementary School for Innovation[125]
* Heritage Elementary School[126]
* Linkhorne Elementary School[127]
* Paul M. Munro Elementary School
* Perrymont Elementary School
* Robert S. Payne Elementary School
* Sandusky Elementary School
* Sheffield Elementary School
* Thomas C. Miller Elementary School for Innovation[128]

Lynchburg is also home to the Central Virginia Governor's School for Science and Technology located in Heritage High School. This magnet school consists of juniors and seniors selected from each of the Lynchburg-area high schools. As one of eighteen Governor's Schools in Virginia, the Central Virginia Governor's School focuses on infusing technology into both the math and science curriculum.

#### Private schools

[edit]

The city is also home to a number of religious and non-religious private schools, including Appomattox Christian Academy, Desmond T Doss Christian Academy, James River Day School, Liberty Christian Academy, New Covenant Classical Christian School, Timberlake Christian Academy, Virginia Episcopal School, and New Vistas School.

## Media

[edit]

This section reads like a directory. Wikipedia policy generally considers directories in articles to be unencyclopedic and potential spam. Please improve this article to conform to a higher standard of quality, and to make it neutral in tone. If it cannot be properly modified, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted. (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

### Print

[edit]

* The News & Advance, Lynchburg's daily newspaper that serves the Central Virginia region, owned by Berkshire Hathaway.
* Lynchburg Living, bi-monthly periodical
* The Lynchburg Guide, quarterly resource directory
* The Burg, weekly entertainment newspaper published by The News & Advance
* Lynch's Ferry, a biannual journal of local history
* Liberty Champion, Liberty University student newspaper
* "The Bulletin", small monthly newspaper

### Television

[edit]

Lynchburg shares a television and radio market with Roanoke.

* WSET-TV, ABC affiliate based in Lynchburg[129]
* WSLS-TV, NBC affiliate based in Roanoke[130]
* WDBJ, CBS affiliate based in Roanoke[131]
* WBRA-TV, PBS affiliate based in Roanoke
* WFXR, Fox affiliate based in Roanoke
* WWCW, CW affiliate based in Lynchburg, which was previously WJPR
* WPXR-TV, ION affiliate based in Roanoke
* WZBJ, an MyNetworkTV affiliate (formerly UPN & independent) based in Roanoke, though licensed to Danville
* WZBJ-CD, satellite of WZBJ

### Radio

[edit]

* WJJX 102.7, Urban Contemporary based in Lynchburg
* WLNI 105.9, Talk Radio based in Lynchburg
* WIQO-FM 100.9, Part of the Virginia Talk Radio Network based in Forest
* WLEQ 106.9, BOB-FM, Good Times, Great Oldies, Home of Rock'n'Roll's Great Hits, Lynchburg
* WNRN-FM (WNRS 89.9), Modern Rock based in Charlottesville
* WROV 96.3, Classic Rock based in Roanoke
* WKHF 93.7, Hot AC based in Lynchburg
* WRMV 94.5, Southern Gospel based in Madison Heights
* WRVL 88.3, The Journey, Top 40 CCM Christian Radio based in Lynchburg
* WRXT 90.3, Contemporary Christian Radio based in Lynchburg, part of the "Spirit FM" (WPAR) network of Contemporary Christian stations
* W227BG 93.3 ESPN Sports translator of 106.3 Gretna – Translator at Timberlake – Low power
* WSLC 94.9, Country based in Roanoke
* WSLQ 99.1, Adult Contemporary based in Roanoke
* WSNZ 102.7, Adult Contemporary based in Roanoke
* WHTU 103.9, Oldies based in Lynchburg
* WVBE 100.1, Urban Contemporary based in Lynchburg
* WVTF 89.1, Public Radio based in Blacksburg
* W208AP 89.5 Radio IQ – BBC News/NPR talk translator of 89.9 WWVT-FM Ferrum – Translator at Candlers Mountain – Low power
* WWEM 91.7, Classical Music simulcast of WWED-FM in Spotsylvania/Fredericksburg
* WWMC 90.9, Christian CHR/Rock radio based at Liberty University
* WWZW 96.7, Hot AC based in Buena Vista
* WXLK 92.3, Top-40 Radio based in Roanoke
* WYYD 107.9, Country based in Lynchburg
* WZZI/WZZU 101.5, Roanoke/ 97.9, Lynchburg, Classic/Modern Rock based in Lynchburg
* WAMV 1420, Southern Gospel based in Madison Heights
* WBRG 1050, Talk/ Sports based in Lynchburg also simulcast on 104.5
* WKPA 1390, Religious based in Lynchburg
* WLLL 930, Gospel Music based in Lynchburg
* WLVA 580, (silent), based in Lynchburg
* WVGM 1320, ESPN Sports based in Lynchburg
* WKDE-FM 105.5, Classic & Modern Country based in Altavista
* WGVY 1000 AM, Talk Radio based in Altavista
* WAWX 101.7 FM, Contemporary Christian Radio in Lynchburg, VA. AIR 1 RADIO. Air1 Radio, WAWX 101.7 FM, Lynchburg, VA | Free Internet Radio

## Health care

[edit]

* Centra Lynchburg General Hospital
* Centra Virginia Baptist Hospital
* Community Health Center[132]

## Infrastructure

[edit]

### Local transit

[edit]

The Greater Lynchburg Transit Company (GLTC) operates the local public transport bus service within the city. The GLTC additionally provides the shuttle bus service on the Liberty University campus.

The GLTC selected a property directly across from Lynchburg-Kemper Street Station as its top choice of sites upon which to build the new transfer center for their network of public buses. They were interested in facilitating intermodal connections between GLTC buses and the intercity bus and rail services which operate from that location. The project was completed and opened to the public on June 16, 2014.[133][134]

On August 23, 2017, the GLTC launched The Hopper, a free downtown circulator bus with a $479,348 grant from the Virginia Smart Scale program.[135][136] On June 29, 2019, the GLTC ended service for The Hopper due to "consistently low ridership" and the expiration of a $117,820 state grant that covered operating costs.[137]

Greyhound and Amtrak operate from Kemper Street Station

### Intercity transit

[edit]

Intercity passenger rail and bus services are based out of Kemper Street Station, a historic, three-story train station recently restored and converted by the city of Lynchburg to serve as an intermodal hub for the community. The station is located at 825 Kemper Street.[138]

#### Bus

[edit]

Greyhound Lines located their bus terminal in the main floor of Kemper Street Station following its 2002 restoration.[138] Greyhound offers transport to other cities throughout Virginia, the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

#### Rail

[edit]

Amtrak's long distance Crescent and a Northeast Regional connect Lynchburg with Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Charlotte, Atlanta, Birmingham, New Orleans and intermediate points.

In October 2009, Lynchburg became the southern terminus for a Northeast Regional that previously had overnighted in Washington. The forecast ridership was 51,000 for the 180-mile extension's first year, but the actual count was triple that estimate, and the train paid for itself without any subsidy.[139] By FY 2015, the Regional had 190,000 riders. The Lynchburg station alone served a total of 85,000 riders in 2015. It is located in the track level ground floor of Kemper Street Station.[140]

Lynchburg has two major freight railroads. It is the crossroads of two Norfolk Southern lines. One is the former mainline of the Southern Railway, upon which Kemper Street Station is situated. NS has a classification yard located next to the shopping mall. Various yard jobs can be seen. Railfans who wish to visit the NS Lynchburg yard are advised to inquire with an NS official. CSX Transportation also has a line through the city and a small yard.

#### Air

[edit]

Lynchburg Regional Airport is solely served by American Eagle to Charlotte, North Carolina. American Eagle, a subsidiary of American Airlines, is the only current scheduled airline service provider, with seven daily arrivals and departures to Charlotte Douglas International Airport. In recent years air travel has increased, with 157,517 passengers flying in and out of the airport in 2012, representing 78% of the total aircraft load factor for that time period.

#### Highway

[edit]

Primary roadways include U.S. Route 29, U.S. Route 29 Business, U.S. Route 501, U.S. Route 221, running north–south, and U.S. Highway 460 (Richmond Highway), running east–west. Portions of US 501 and US 29 Bus. form a freeway called the Lynchburg Expressway. While Lynchburg is the largest city in Virginia not served by an Interstate, parts of US 29 have been upgraded to Interstate standards and significant improvements have been made to US 460 in the immediate vicinity of Lynchburg and in suburban areas.

## Notable people

[edit]

* Daniel Weisiger Adams (1820–1872), noted lawyer and Confederate Army officer[141]
* Lynn Bari, (1913–1989), American actress
* Beth Behrs (born 1985), actress
* Ota Benga (c. 1883–1916), Congolese native who was exhibited in human zoos
* Alpha Blackburn (born 1939), interior and fashion designer, former TV show host
* James Albert Bonsack (1859–1924), invented in 1880 the first cigarette-rolling machine
* John A. Bridgland (1826–1890), diplomat, businessman, soldier; colonel in the Union Army[142]
* Connie Britton (born 1967), actress
* Earl Brooks (1929–2010), racing driver
* Julie Story Byerley (born 1970), pediatrician and vice dean for education for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine[143]
* George Cabell Sr. (1766–1823), physician
* Desmond Doss (1919–2006), Medal of Honor recipient for actions during World War II, dramatized in Hacksaw Ridge
* Arthur Earley (1926–1981), Pennsylvania state representative
* Carter Glass (1858–1946), U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under Woodrow Wilson
* Jubal Early (1816–1894), lawyer and Confederate general
* Jerry Falwell (1933–2007), pastor and founder of Moral Majority
* and his sons, Jerry Falwell Jr. (born 1962) and Jonathan Falwell (born 1966)
* Charles Browne Fleet (1843–1916), pharmacist and inventor of the micro-enema
* Vinny Giles (born 1943), golfer, U.S. Amateur, British Amateur and Walker Cup champion
* Daniel Hudson (born 1987), MLB player for the Los Angeles Dodgers
* Brandon Inge (born 1977) MLB player, 2001–2013, 12 years for the Detroit Tigers,[144] American League All Star 2009[145]
* Luke Jordan (1892–1952), blues guitarist and vocalist
* Kevin Keatts, former head coach for NC State Wolfpack men's basketball and UNC Wilmington
* Rosa Kinckle Jones (1858–1932), African-American music teacher
* Sacha Killeya-Jones (born 1998), professional basketball player
* Harry Kraton (1883–1912), African-American juggler and tight rope walker; early advocate for black performers in vaudeville[146]
* Randy Lanier (born 1954), professional race-car driver and convicted drug trafficker
* Leland D. Melvin (born 1964), engineer and NASA astronaut; named in 2010 as NASA's associate administrator for education
* Matt Mills (born 1996), NASCAR driver
* Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876–1968), physician and surgeon
* Lucius Shepard (1943–2014), science fiction and fantasy writer
* William Smith (1797–1887), U.S. congressman, twice governor of Virginia, Confederate major general
* Anne Spencer (1882–1975), Harlem Renaissance poet and civil rights activist who revived and hosted the Lynchburg chapter of the NAACP from her home.[147]
* Kara Stein (1964-), Commissioner of the Securities and Exchange Commission (2013–19), board member of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (2021-)[citation needed]
* Frank Trigg (c. 1850–1933), educator, college president[148][149]
* Skeet Ulrich (born 1970), actor whose works include Scream, Riverdale and The Craft
* Phil Vassar (born 1964), country singer
* Bransford Vawter (1815–1838), Virginia's first poet[citation needed]
* Charles Vess (born 1951), fantasy and comics artist
* Walter Browne Woodson (1881–1948), rear admiral, Judge Advocate General of the Navy

## Sister cities

[edit]

* Glauchau, Saxony, Germany
* Rueil-Malmaison, Île-de-France, France

## See also

[edit]

* List of cities in Virginia
* National Register of Historic Places listings in Lynchburg, Virginia

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
2. ^ Official records for Lynchburg were kept at the Weather Bureau Office from January 1893 to July 1944, and at Lynchburg Regional since August 1944. For more information, see ThreadEx

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
2. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. ^ "Lynchburg city, Lynchburg city, Virginia". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
4. ^ "Lynchburg's History". Lynchburg Historical Foundation. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
5. ^ Spencer Tucker, American Civil War : the definitive encyclopedia and document collection (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2013), 1174.
6. ^ "Our History". MONACAN INDIAN NATION. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
7. ^ lynch burg museum, lynch burg museum. "lynch burg museum". lynchburgmuseum.org. lynch burg museum.
8. ^ "Lynchburg History: John Lynch". Lynchburg Tourism. May 22, 2020. Archived from the original on April 5, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2025.
9. ^ a b "South River Meeting House". www.qmpc.org. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
10. ^ "Slavery in Lynchburg". Lynchburg Museum System. Retrieved May 16, 2025.
11. ^ "South River Friends Meetinghouse". The Virginia Department of Historic Resources. April 14, 2024. Archived from the original on July 7, 2024. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
12. ^ "Jefferson Chronology", The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 3, Princeton University Press, p. 2, doi:10.2307/j.ctv301fsm.8, retrieved December 2, 2021
13. ^ William Warren Sweet, Virginia Methodism: A History (Richmond: Whitten & Shepparson, 1950) p. 151
14. ^ "Agnes and Lizzie Langley: The Madams of Buzzard's Roost". Wordpress. May 13, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2025.
15. ^ Dorin, Patrick C. (1981). The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. Burbank, California: Superior Publishing. p. 10\. ISBN 978-0-87564-704-3.
16. ^ Potter, Clifton & Potter, Dorothy (2004). Lynchburg: A City Set on Seven Hills. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 39\. ISBN 0-7385-2461-1.
17. ^ Steven Eliott Tripp, Yankee Town, Southern City: Race and Class Relations in Lynchburg, Virginia (NYU Press 1997 ISBN 9780814782057) pp. 10-12
18. ^ Shifflet, Review: Steven Elliott Tripp, Yankee Town, Southern City: Race and Class Relations in Lynchburg, Virginia, H-net
19. ^ Bright, David L. (2015). "Confederate Railroads – South Side". Confederate Railroads. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
20. ^ "Confederate Hospitals in Lynchburg". Old City Cemetery. Retrieved May 16, 2025.
21. ^ A Cherokee Woman's America: Memoirs of Narcissa Owen, 1831–1907. Edited by Karen L. Kilcup. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2005. p.
22. ^ a b Philip Lightfoot Scruggs, The History of Lynchburg Virginia 1786–1946 (Lynchburg: J.P. Bell Co., Inc.), pp. 103–114
23. ^ a b c d "History | City of Lynchburg, Virginia".
24. ^ "Additional Interstate Road Systems Approved," Petersburg-Colonial Heights Progress-Index, April 27, 1958, p. 20.
25. ^ Routes of the Recommended Interregional Highway System, ca. 1943.
26. ^ Minutes of the Meeting of the State Highway Commission of Virginia, Held in Richmond September 11, 1945, page 12.
27. ^ "Opposition to Northern Route Dropped," Danville Bee, July 6, 1961, p. 3
28. ^ Richmond Times-Dispatch, June 13, 1999.
29. ^ "A Simple Act of Mothering", Poor Magazine/PNN Archived August 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
30. ^ Tyree, Elizabeth (September 24, 2018). "Study: LU's local, state impact is more than $1 billion annually". WSET. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
31. ^ Moody, Josh (October 2, 2018). "Liberty University passes $3B in gross assets, report says it generates more than $1B annually in economic activity". NewsAdvance.com. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
32. ^ "Study: Liberty University's local and state impact tops $1 billion annually". September 24, 2018.
33. ^ "Lynchburg's Listed Historic Districts" (PDF). Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 23, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
34. ^ "Lynchburg's Downtown Residential Historic Districts--Virginia Main Street Communities: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". www.nps.gov. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
35. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
36. ^ a b "About Downtown Lynchburg". www.downtownlynchburg.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
37. ^ "Lower Bluffwalk Grand Opening Article". News and Advance. August 12, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
38. ^ "Greater Downtown Lynchburg Projects". Google Maps.
39. ^ "Academy Center of the Arts Article". News and Advance. October 13, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
40. ^ "Announcement of Hilton Curio Branded Virginian Hotel". News and Advance. November 20, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
41. ^ "Amazement Square Education Center Expansion". Archived from the original on December 19, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Federal Writers' Project 1941.
43. ^ a b c d e f g Hellmann 2006.
44. ^ a b c Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
45. ^ "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
46. ^ American Association for State and Local History (2002). "Virginia: Lynchburg". Directory of Historical Organizations in the United States and Canada (15th ed.). Rowman Altamira. pp. 824+. ISBN 0-7591-0002-0.
47. ^ "History of Lynchburg, Virginia". City of Lynchburg. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
48. ^ a b "History of the Library". Jones Memorial Library. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
49. ^ Jack Alicoate, ed. (1939). "Standard Broadcasting Stations of the United States: Virginia". Radio Annual. New York: Radio Daily. OCLC 2459636.
50. ^ a b c Nagy 1995.
51. ^ Charles A. Alicoate, ed. (1960), "Television Stations: Virginia", Radio Annual and Television Year Book, New York: Radio Daily Corp., OCLC 10512206
52. ^ a b "Trump at Liberty University commencement: 'In America, we don't worship government; we worship God'", The Washington Post, May 13, 2017
53. ^ "Virginia". Official Congressional Directory. 1991/1992- : S. Pub. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1993. hdl:2027/uc1.l0072691827 - via HathiTrust.
54. ^ "City of Lynchburg, Virginia". Archived from the original on June 18, 2000 - via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
55. ^ Kevin Hyde; Tamie Hyde (eds.). "United States of America: Virginia". Official City Sites. Utah. OCLC 40169021. Archived from the original on August 24, 2000.
56. ^ "Lynchburg city, Virginia". QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
57. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
58. ^ a b c d e "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
59. ^ a b "Station: Lynchburg RGNL AP, VA". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
60. ^ "Snow Extremes: Lynchburg". National Weather Service Blacksburg, VA. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
61. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for LYNCHBURG WSO AP, VA 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
62. ^ "25 City Facts | City of Lynchburg, Virginia". www.lynchburgva.gov. Archived from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
63. ^ "Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
64. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
65. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
66. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
67. ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Lynchburg city, Virginia". United States Census Bureau.
68. ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Lynchburg city, Virginia". United States Census Bureau.
69. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
70. ^ "US Census Press Releases". September 4, 2007. Archived from the original on September 4, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
71. ^ "Rising child poverty in Lynchburg fuels need for more court advocates | The News & Advance". November 8, 2011. Archived from the original on November 8, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
72. ^ "Best Places For Business – Forbes.com". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
73. ^ City Quietly Growing ABC 13 – WSET-TV in Lynchburg, Virginia Archived November 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
74. ^ "Bureau of Economic Analysis". US Department of Commerce, BEA, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Archived from the original on May 23, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
75. ^ Lynchburg News & Advance
76. ^ "Lynchburg Symphony Orchestra: Making Music In Central Virginia Since 1983". Lynchburgsymphony.org. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
77. ^ "Academy Center of the Arts Homepage". academycenter.org. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
78. ^ "Commerce Street Theater official website". commercestreettheater.org. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
79. ^ "James River Heritage Trail". Archived from the original on September 28, 2007.
80. ^ "Trails of Blackwater Creek – Lynchburg Parks & Recreation". Lynchburg Parks & Recreation. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
81. ^ Domonoske, Camila (August 3, 2018). "Concerns Of Dam Failure Prompt Evacuations in Lynchburg, Va". NPR News. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
82. ^ "Miller Claytor House". Archived from the original on January 16, 2010. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
83. ^ Cemetery, Old City. "Lynchburg Burial Grounds". Old City Cemetery.
84. ^ "Old City Cemetery". gravegarden.org. Southern Memorial Association. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
85. ^ "Education from LVA: Public Speeches on Woman Suffrage". Retrieved December 19, 2016.
86. ^ "Point of Honor | Lynchburg Virginia". July 29, 2007. Archived from the original on July 29, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
87. ^ "Liberty Flames Homepage". Liberty University. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
88. ^ "Lynchburg Athletics website". Lynchburgsports.com. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
89. ^ "The Official website of the Lynchburg Hillcats". Minor League Baseball. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
90. ^ "Construction on Snowflex year-round ski slope continues". Liberty University. December 5, 2008. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
91. ^ "FALWELL'S LIBERTY UNIVERSITY TO INSTALL DRY SKI SLOPES". Ski Area Management. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
92. ^ a b Robertson, Robert Locklear & Hayden (January 3, 2025). "Larry Taylor voted as Lynchburg's next mayor; Curt Diemer elected as vice-mayor". WSET. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
93. ^ a b Advance, MARK HAND The News & (January 3, 2025). "Two new members of Lynchburg City Council sworn in". NewsAdvance.com. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
94. ^ "Mayors of Lynchburg", Sketch Book of Lynchburg Va., Lynchburg: Edward Pollock and S.C. Judson, 1887
95. ^ R.A. Brock (1888). Virginia and Virginians. Richmond: H.H. Hardesty. OCLC 68181803.
96. ^ Alison Blanton (June 2001). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Diamond Hill Historic District" (PDF). Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 12, 2006.
97. ^ W. Asbury Christian (1900), Lynchburg and its People, J. P. Bell Company, printers, OCLC 2847898
98. ^ a b Clifton Potter; Dorothy Potter (2004). Lynchburg: a City Set on Seven Hills. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. ISBN 978-0-7385-2461-0.
99. ^ a b c Lawrence Kestenbaum (ed.). "Mayors of Lynchburg, Virginia". Political Graveyard. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
100. ^ Marquis Who Was Who in America 1607–1984, New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who's Who, 2009, ISBN 978-1-84972-397-8
101. ^ "Lynchburg Applies for Loan From Japan", The Washington Post, May 12, 1982
102. ^ "First African American Mayor of Lynchburg dies", Wset.com, July 3, 2016
103. ^ News-7 at Six, Roanoke: WDBJ-7, February 28, 1998 - via Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Digital Library and Archives, "Virginia News"
104. ^ "Former Lynchburg mayor Carl Hutcherson Jr. finds renewed purpose as Baptist pastor", News & Advance, Lynchburg, March 14, 2010
105. ^ a b "City Council Meetings". City of Lynchburg, Virginia. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
106. ^ "Mayor Treney Tweedy (at-large)". The City of Lynchburg, Virginia. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
107. ^ Williamson, Jeff (July 2020). "Mary Jane Dolan elected mayor of Lynchburg". NBC10. Graham Media Group. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
108. ^ "Mayor Stephanie Reed (at-large)(Mayor 2023-2024) | City of Lynchburg, VA". www.lynchburgva.gov. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
109. ^ "Larry Taylor voted as Lynchburg's next mayor; Curt Diemer elected as vice-mayor". wset.com. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
110. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
111. ^ "2020 November General Official Results". Virginia Department of Elections. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
112. ^ "Central Virginia Community College Homepage". centralvirginia.edu. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
113. ^ "Liberty University Homepage". Liberty.edu. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
114. ^ "About us – University of Lynchburg". lynchburg.edu. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
115. ^ "About Randolph College". Randolph College. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
116. ^ "Virginia University of Lynchburg Homepage". vul.edu. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
117. ^ "Sweet Briar College: Sweet Briar at a glance". sbc.edu. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
118. ^ "E.C. Glass High – Lynchburg City Schools". lcsedu.net. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
119. ^ "Heritage High – Lynchburg City Schools". lcsedu.net. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
120. ^ "Linkhorne Middle – Lynchburg City Schools". lcsedu.net. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
121. ^ "Dunbar Middle – Lynchburg City Schools". lcsedu.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
122. ^ "Sandusky Middle – Lynchburg City Schools". lcsedu.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
123. ^ "Bass Elementary – Lynchburg City Schools". lcsedu.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
124. ^ "Bedford Hills Elementary – Lynchburg City Schools". lcsedu.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
125. ^ "Dearington Elementary – Lynchburg City Schools". lcsedu.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
126. ^ "Heritage Elementary – Lynchburg City Schools". lcsedu.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
127. ^ "Linkhorne Elementary – Lynchburg City Schools". lcsedu.net. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
128. ^ "Our Schools | LCS | Lynchburg City Schools". www.lcsedu.net. Archived from the original on January 14, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
129. ^ "WSET: Lynchburg News, Weather, Sports, and More". WSET.com. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
130. ^ "Lynchburg – WSLS 10". WSLS.com. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
131. ^ "WDBJ: Virginia Local News, Weather, and Sports". WDBJ7.com. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
132. ^ Smith, Rachael. "$8M clinic opens on Fifth Street, aims to increase health care access in Lynchburg". NewsAdvance.com. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
133. ^ Petska, Alicia. "Long-awaited GLTC transfer center to open next week". NewsAdvance.com. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
134. ^ Petska, Alicia. "GLTC opens new transfer center". NewsAdvance.com. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
135. ^ "Smart Scale Dashboard". dashboard.vasmartscale.org. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
136. ^ Gore, Sherese. "Local, state officials launch free downtown circulator bus". NewsAdvance.com. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
137. ^ Chumney, Richard (June 5, 2019). "Hopper bus service to end June 29 due to lower ridership". NewsAdvance.com. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
138. ^ a b "Lynchburg, VA (LYH)". Great American Stations. Archived February 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
139. ^ The Editorial Board (August 14, 2013). "Is There Life Remaining in TDX Dream?". Retrieved December 19, 2016.
140. ^ "Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and Virginia Service Timetable", January 18, 2010. Amtrak. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
141. ^ Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1963.
142. ^ "Colonel John A. Bridgeland". Society of the Army of the Cumberland, 21st Reunion, 1890 (PDF). Toledo, Ohio: Robert Clarke & Company. 1891. pp. 281–283 - via WikiCommons.
143. ^ "Byerley appointed Vice Dean for Education". Vital Signs. UNC Health Care News. September 12, 2013. Archived from the original on April 17, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
144. ^ "Brandon Inge Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
145. ^ "Brandon Inge Statistics and History – Baseball-Reference.com". Retrieved December 19, 2016.
146. ^ David Cain (February 3, 2024). "THE KRATONS – A UNIQUE HOOP ROLLING ACT FROM THE PAST". Juggle Magazine. International Jugglers Association.
147. ^ Hines, Emilee. More Than Petticoats: Remarkable Virginia Women. Globe Pequot Press, 2003: 128. ISBN 0-7627-2364-5
148. ^ Holowchak, M. Andrew; Holowchak, David M. (March 1, 2021). A "Biography" of Lynchburg: City with a Soul. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 219–221\. ISBN 978-1-5275-6688-0 - via Google Books.
149. ^ "The 125th Anniversary of UMES, Frank Trigg". UMES. Retrieved June 15, 2024.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Richard Edwards, ed. (1855), "Lynchburg", Statistical Gazetteer of the State of Virginia, Richmond`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Sketch Book of Lynchburg, Va., Lynchburg: Edward Pollock and S.C. Judson, 1887
* George E. Waring, Jr.; U.S. Department of the Interior, Census Office (1887), "Virginia: Lynchburg", Report on the Social Statistics of Cities: Southern and the Western States, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, pp. 60–64
* Blackford, Charles M. Jr. (1891). Annals of the Lynchburg Home Guard. Lynchburg, Va.: Lynchburg Home Guard - via John W. Rohr, Electric Power Printer and Binder.
* "Lynchburg", Rand, McNally & Co.'s Handy Guide to the Southeastern States, Chicago: Rand, McNally & Co., 1899 - via Internet Archive
* W. Asbury Christian (1900), Lynchburg and its People, J. P. Bell Company, printers, OCLC 2847898
* Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lynchburg" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
* Federal Writers' Project (1941), "Lynchburg", Virginia: a Guide to the Old Dominion, American Guide Series, Oxford University Press, pp. 246+, ISBN 9780403021956 - via Google Books `{{citation}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
* Ruth H. Blunt (1965). "Lynchburg's Tobacco Warehouses". Virginia Cavalcade. 14. Library of Virginia. ISSN 0042-6474.
* Schewel, Michael J. (1981). "Local Politics in Lynchburg, Virginia, in the 1880s Michael J. Schewel". Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 89 (2): 170–180\. JSTOR 4248478.
* Houck, Peter W. (1986). A Prototype of a Confederate Hospital Center in Lynchburg, Virginia. Lynchburg, Va.: Warwick House Pub. LCCN 86-50952. OCLC 15334361.
* Steven Elliot Tripp (1993). "Race, Class, and Religion: Lynchburg, Virginia's 'Great Revival of 1871'". Mid-America. 75. Loyola University Chicago. ISSN 0026-2927.
* John Nagy (1995). "Survival of Professional Baseball in Lynchburg, Virginia, 1950s-1990s". Essays in History. 37. University of Virginia. ISSN 0071-1411. Archived from the original on October 26, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
* Cole, Jeffrey Scott. "The impact of the Great Depression and New Deal on the urban South: Lynchburg, Virginia as a case study, 1929-1941" (PhD dissertation, Bowling Green State University; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 1998. 9925908).
* Steven Elliot Tripp (1999). Yankee Town, Southern City: Race and Class Relations in Civil War Lynchburg. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-8237-8.
* Clifton Potter; Dorothy Potter (2004). Lynchburg: a City Set on Seven Hills. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. ISBN 978-0-7385-2461-0.
* James M. Elson. Lynchburg, Virginia: the First Two Hundred Years 1786–1986. Lynchburg: Warwick House Publishers, 2004.
* Paul T. Hellmann (2006). "Virginia: Lynchburg". Historical Gazetteer of the United States. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1-135-94859-3.
* Dorothy Potter; Clifton Potter (2007). Lynchburg: 1757–2007. Images of America. Arcadia. ISBN 978-1-4396-3363-2.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website
* Geographic data related to Lynchburg, Virginia at OpenStreetMap
* Historic photos & maps
* Lynchburg, Virginia at Ballotpedia
* Lynchburg, Virginia at Digital Public Library of America
* Lynchburg city records at Library of Virginia
* Lynchburg Museum Blog
* Lynchburg Online
* The News & Advance, Lynchburg's daily newspaper

* v
* t
* e

Places adjacent to Lynchburg, Virginia

| Bedford County |  | Amherst County

|
|

|  |
Bedford County |

Lynchburg, Virginia

|  |
| Campbell County | Campbell County

* v
* t
* e

Commonwealth of Virginia

Richmond (capital)

Topics|

* Outline
* Administrative divisions
* Climate
* Colony
* Congressional districts
* Delegations
* Senators
* Representatives
* Environment
* Furniture
* Government
* Historic houses
* Historic Landmarks
* History
* First Families
* Slavery
* Homelessness
* Housing
* Law
* Gun laws in Virginia
* LGBT rights
* Music
* People
* Rights
* Rivers
* Scouting
* Slogan
* Sports teams
* State Fair
* State parks
* Symbols
* Tourist attractions
* Transportation
* Tribes

Culture|

* Abortion
* Crime
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Colleges and universities
* Media
* Newspapers
* Radio
* TV
* Politics

Regions|

* Allegheny Mountains
* Atlantic Coastal Plain
* Blue Ridge
* Chesapeake Bay
* Cumberland Mountains
* Delmarva Peninsula
* Eastern Shore
* Hampton Roads
* Middle Peninsula
* Northern Neck
* Northern Virginia
* Piedmont
* Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians
* Shenandoah Valley
* South Hampton Roads
* Southside
* Southwest Virginia
* Tennessee Valley
* Tidewater
* Tri-Cities
* Virginia Peninsula
* Western Virginia

Metro areas|

* Blacksburg-Christiansburg
* Bluefield
* Bristol
* Charlottesville
* Danville
* Harrisonburg
* Lynchburg
* Martinsville
* Richmond
* Roanoke
* Staunton-Waynesboro
* Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News
* Washington-Arlington-Alexandria
* Winchester

Counties|

* Accomack
* Albemarle
* Alleghany
* Amelia
* Amherst
* Appomattox
* Arlington
* Augusta
* Bath
* Bedford
* Bland
* Botetourt
* Brunswick
* Buchanan
* Buckingham
* Campbell
* Caroline
* Carroll
* Charles City
* Charlotte
* Chesterfield
* Clarke
* Craig
* Culpeper
* Cumberland
* Dickenson
* Dinwiddie
* Essex
* Fairfax
* Fauquier
* Floyd
* Fluvanna
* Franklin
* Frederick
* Giles
* Gloucester
* Goochland
* Grayson
* Greene
* Greensville
* Halifax
* Hanover
* Henrico
* Henry
* Highland
* Isle of Wight
* James City
* King and Queen
* King George
* King William
* Lancaster
* Lee
* Loudoun
* Louisa
* Lunenburg
* Madison
* Mathews
* Mecklenburg
* Middlesex
* Montgomery
* Nelson
* New Kent
* Northampton
* Northumberland
* Nottoway
* Orange
* Page
* Patrick
* Pittsylvania
* Powhatan
* Prince Edward
* Prince George
* Prince William
* Pulaski
* Rappahannock
* Richmond
* Roanoke
* Rockbridge
* Rockingham
* Russell
* Scott
* Shenandoah
* Smyth
* Southampton
* Spotsylvania
* Stafford
* Surry
* Sussex
* Tazewell
* Warren
* Washington
* Westmoreland
* Wise
* Wythe
* York

Independent
cities|

* Alexandria
* Bristol
* Buena Vista
* Charlottesville
* Chesapeake
* Colonial Heights
* Covington
* Danville
* Emporia
* Fairfax
* Falls Church
* Franklin
* Fredericksburg
* Galax
* Hampton
* Harrisonburg
* Hopewell
* Lexington
* Lynchburg
* Manassas
* Manassas Park
* Martinsville
* Newport News
* Norfolk
* Norton
* Petersburg
* Poquoson
* Portsmouth
* Radford
* Richmond
* Roanoke
* Salem
* Staunton
* Suffolk
* Virginia Beach
* Waynesboro
* Williamsburg
* Winchester

Virginia portal

* v
* t
* e

County seats and independent cities of Virginia

County seats of Virginia

* Abingdon
* Accomac
* Amelia
* Amherst
* Appomattox
* Arlington
* Bedford
* Berryville
* Bland
* Bowling Green
* Boydton
* Buckingham
* Charles City
* Charlotte Court House
* Charlottesville
* Chatham
* Chesterfield
* Christiansburg
* Clintwood
* Courtland
* Covington
* Culpeper
* Cumberland
* Dinwiddie
* Eastville
* Emporia
* Fairfax
* Farmville
* Fincastle
* Floyd
* Front Royal
* Gate City
* Gloucester
* Goochland
* Grundy
* Halifax
* Hanover
* Harrisonburg
* Heathsville
* Hillsville
* Independence
* Isle of Wight
* Jonesville
* King and Queen Court House
* King George
* King William
* Lancaster
* Laurel
* Lawrenceville
* Lebanon
* Leesburg
* Lexington
* Louisa
* Lovingston
* Lunenburg
* Luray
* Madison
* Manassas
* Marion
* Martinsville
* Mathews
* Monterey
* Montross
* New Castle
* New Kent
* Nottoway
* Orange
* Palmyra
* Pearisburg
* Powhatan
* Prince George
* Pulaski
* Rocky Mount
* Rustburg
* Salem
* Saluda
* Spotsylvania Courthouse
* Stafford
* Stanardsville
* Staunton
* Stuart
* Surry
* Sussex
* Tappahannock
* Tazewell
* Warm Springs
* Warrenton
* Warsaw
* Washington
* Williamsburg
* Winchester
* Wise
* Woodstock
* Wytheville
* Yorktown

Independent cities of Virginia

* Alexandria
* Bristol
* Buena Vista
* Charlottesville
* Chesapeake
* Colonial Heights
* Covington
* Danville
* Emporia
* Fairfax
* Falls Church
* Franklin
* Fredericksburg
* Galax
* Hampton
* Harrisonburg
* Hopewell
* Lexington
* Lynchburg
* Manassas
* Manassas Park
* Martinsville
* Newport News
* Norfolk
* Norton
* Petersburg
* Poquoson
* Portsmouth
* Radford
* Richmond
* Roanoke
* Salem
* Staunton
* Suffolk
* Virginia Beach
* Waynesboro
* Williamsburg
* Winchester

Portals:

* Cities
* Virginia

Lynchburg, Virginia at Wikipedia's sister projects:

* Definitions from Wiktionary
* Media from Commons
* Travel guides from Wikivoyage

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* NARA

*[Pop.]: Population
*[%±]: Percent change
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template