M. G. Ramachandran

Indian actor and former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (1917–1987)

"MGR" and "M.G.R." redirect here. For other uses, see MGR (disambiguation).

In this Indian name, the name Maruthur Gopalan is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Ramachandran.

M. G. Ramachandran

Commemorative stamp of M. G. R. from 2017

3rd Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
In office
9 June 1980 – 24 December 1987
Governor|

* Prabhudas Patwari
* Sundar Lal Khurana

Preceded by| President's rule
Succeeded by| V. N. Janaki Ramachandran
Constituency| Madurai West (1980–1985)
Andipatti (1985–1987)
In office
30 June 1977 – 17 February 1980
Governor| Prabhudas Patwari
Preceded by| President's rule
Succeeded by| President's rule
Constituency| Aruppukottai
Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
In office
24 December 1984 – 24 December 1987
Chief Minister| Himself
Political Party| AIADMK
Preceded by| S. S. Rajendran
Succeeded by| P. Aasiyan
Constituency| Andipatti
In office
9 June 1980 – 15 November 1984
Chief Minister| Himself
Political Party| AIADMK
Preceded by| T. P. M. Periyaswamy
Succeeded by| Pon. Muthuramalingam
Constituency| Madurai West
In office
30 June 1977 – 17 February 1980
Chief Minister| Himself
Political Party| AIADMK
Preceded by| Sowdi Sundara Bharathi
Succeeded by| M. Pitchai
Constituency| Aruppukottai
In office
1 March 1967 – 31 January 1976
Chief Minister|

* C. N. Annadurai
* M. Karunanidhi

Political Party|

* DMK
* AIADMK

Preceded by| position established
Succeeded by| position abolished
Constituency| St. Thomas Mount
Member of Madras State Legislative Council
In office
30 March 1962[1] – 7 July 1964
Chief Minister|

* K. Kamaraj (1962–1963)
* M. Bhaktavatsalam (1963–1964)

Succeeded by| S. R. P. Ponnuswamy Chettiar
1st General Secretary of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
In office
17 October 1986 – 24 December 1987
Preceded by| S. Raghavanandam
Succeeded by| V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
In office
17 October 1974 – 22 June 1978
Preceded by| position established
Succeeded by| V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
Treasurer of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
In office
27 July 1969 – 10 October 1972
President| M. Karunanidhi
Secretary| V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
Preceded by| M. Karunanidhi
Succeeded by| K. Anbazhagan
President of the South Indian Artistes' Association
In office
1961–1963
Preceded by| R. Nagendra Rao
Succeeded by| S. S. Rajendran
In office
1957–1959
Preceded by| N. S. Krishnan
Succeeded by| Anjali Devi
Personal details
Born|

Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran

(1917-01-17)17 January 1917
Nawalapitiya, Kandy District, Central Province,
British Ceylon
(present-day Sri Lanka)
Died| 24 December 1987(1987-12-24) (aged 70)
Madras (now Chennai),
Tamil Nadu, India
Cause of death| Kidney failure
Resting place| M.G.R. and Amma Memorial
Nationality| Indian
Political party| All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (1972–1987)
Other political
affiliations|

* Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (1953–1972)
* Indian National Congress (1935–1945)
* Independent (1945–1953)

Spouse|

* Thangamani

(m. 1939; died 1942)​

Sadhanandavathi

(m. 1942; died 1962)​

V. N. Janaki

(m. 1963)​

Relatives|

* M. G. Chakrapani (brother)
* Papanasam Sivan
(uncle-in-law)

Residence(s)| M. G. R. Thottam, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Profession|

* Actor
* film producer
* director
* politician
* philanthropist

Awards|

* Bharat Ratna (1988) (posthumous)
* Rajat Kamal (1971)

Nickname(s)| Puratchi Thalaivar
Makkal Thilagam
Ponmana Chemmal
Kodai Vallal
Vaathiyar

Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran  (17 January 1917 – 24 December 1987), popularly known by his initials M.G.R., was an Indian actor, politician and philanthropist who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 1977 until his death in 1987. He was the founder and first general secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.[2] On 19 March 1988, Ramachandran was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. Ramachandran is regarded as one of the most influential politicians of post-independence India.[3] Apart from politics, as a film personality he won the National Film Award, three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and two Filmfare Award South.

In his youth, Ramachandran and his elder brother M. G. Chakrapani became members of a drama troupe to support their family. Influenced by Gandhian ideals, Ramachandran joined the Indian National Congress. After a few years of acting in plays, he made his film debut in the 1936 film Sathi Leelavathi in a supporting role. By the late 1940s, he had graduated to lead roles. Ramachandran was one of the "three biggest names of Tamil cinema", the other two being Sivaji Ganesan and Gemini Ganesan.[4] While Sivaji Ganesan excelled in dramatic films, Gemini Ganesan was known for his romantic films, M. G. Ramachandran was popular as an action hero.[5]

Ramachandran became a member of the C. N. Annadurai-led Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK party) and rose through its ranks, using his popularity as a film star to build a political base. In 1972, three years after Annadurai's death, he left the DMK, then led by M. Karunanidhi to form his own party—the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). Five years later, Ramachandran steered an AIADMK-led alliance to victory in the 1977 election, routing the DMK in the process. He became Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, the first film actor to become a chief minister in India. Except for a four-month interregnum in 1980, when his government was overthrown by the Union government, he remained as chief minister till his death in 1987, leading the AIADMK to two more electoral wins in 1980[6] and 1984.[7]

In October 1984, Ramachandran was diagnosed with kidney failure as a result of diabetes. He died on 24 December 1987 in his Ramavaram Gardens residence in Manapakkam after a prolonged illness. His autobiography Naan Yaen Piranthaen (Why I was Born) was published in 2003.[8]

## Early life and background

[edit]

Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran was born in Nawalapitiya, Kandy District, British Ceylon (Srilanka) in a Malayali family to Melakkath Gopalan Menon and Maruthur Satyabhama from Palakkad, in the modern-day Indian state of Kerala.[9] His parents were Nairs from Palakkad district, MGR further claimed to be of Tamil Kongu Vellalar descent whose ancestors had settled in Kerala centuries ago became Nairs.[10][11][12][13]

Gopalan Menon died when Ramachandran was just two and a half years old. Just after the death of his father, his sister too died due to ill health. His mother had to struggle alone to bring up Ramachandran and his brother. She took the decision to return to India and went back to Kerala where she failed to get the support of her relatives. With the support of Velu Nair of Kumbakonam, Satyabhama put both her sons in school.[14]

It was in school that Ramachandran started his acting career and joined the Boys Company drama troupe taking part in the rigorous training programmes conducted by the troupe in the areas of singing, dancing, sword fighting, diction and memory with active interest and involvement.[2]

The challenges faced by him during his early life and childhood played an important role in shaping his character and political career. After a brief acting stint overseas with the help of Madras Kandasamy Mudaliar, during which he had played female roles, he returned to India and rejoined the Boys Company and started playing lead roles for the first time.[14]

In his early days, Ramachandran was a devout Hindu and a devotee of Lord Sri Murugan, and his mother's favourite god Lord Sri Guruvayurappan.[15] After joining the DMK, he turned a rationalist.[16]

Ramachandran's first marriage was to Chitarikulam Bargavi, also known as Thangamani, who died early due to an illness. He later married for the second time, to Satyanandavati, who also died soon after marriage due to tuberculosis.[17] Later Ramachandran married for the third time, this time to V. N. Janaki a former Tamil film actress who was once his leading lady and a future chief minister of Tamil Nadu.[18] Ramachandran had no biological children from any of his marriages.[19]

## Acting career

[edit]

Ramachandran with his wife Janaki in Mohini (1948)

Ramachandran made his film debut in 1936, in the film Sathi Leelavathi,[20] directed by Ellis R. Dungan, an American-born film director.[21] Generally starring in romance or action films, Ramachandran got his breakthrough in the 1950 film written by M. Karunanidhi. Soon he rose to popularity with the 1954 film Malaikkallan. He acted as hero in the Tamil film industry's first ever full length Gevacolor film, the 1955 Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum. He won the National Film Award for Best Actor for the film Rickshawkaran in 1972.

His 1973 blockbuster Ulagam Sutrum Valiban broke the previous box office records of his films. It was one of the few films filmed abroad in those days. It was shot in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong and Japan. His acting career ended in 1987 with his last film Ullagam Suthi Paru, in which he acted even though he had been diagnosed with kidney failure.[22] Ramachandran said there was no question of ‘retirement’ for anyone associated in whichever capacity with the cine field.[23]

### Mentor

[edit]

Ramachandran seen in his debut film Sathi Leelavathi

Kali N. Rathnam, a pioneer of Tamil stage drama, and K.P. Kesavan were mentors of Ramachandran in his acting career.[24]

## Political career

[edit]

Ramachandran was a member of the Congress Party till 1953, and he used to wear khādī. In 1953 Ramachandran joined the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), or Dravidian Progressive Federation, attracted by founder C. N. Annadurai. He became a vocal Tamil and Dravidian nationalist and prominent member of DMK. He added glamour to the Dravidian movement which was sweeping Tamil Nadu. Ramachandran became a member of the state Legislative Council in 1962. At the age of 50, he was first elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in 1967. After the death of his mentor, Annadurai, Ramachandran became the treasurer of DMK in 1969 after Muthuvel Karunanidhi became the Chief Minister.[citation needed]

### 1967 assassination attempt

[edit]

The actor and politician M. R. Radha and Ramachandran had worked in 25 films together. On 12 January 1967, Radha and a producer visited Ramachandran to talk about a future film project. During the conversation, M. R. Radha stood up and shot Ramachandran in his left ear twice and then tried to shoot himself.[25]

After the operation, Ramachandran's voice changed. Since he had been shot in his ear, Ramachandran lost hearing in his left ear and had ringing problems in the ear. These further surfaced in 1983 when he had kidney problems. When Sinnappa Devar paid his first visit to see Ramachandran at the hospital after the shooting incident he paid Ramachandran an advance for Ramachandran's next film. After getting released from the hospital and finishing Arasakattalai, Ramachandran acted in Devar's film Vivasaayee against doctors' advice. Due to the operation, Ramachandran's speaking parts in the film Kaavalkaaran were reduced. This was the only film in which Ramachandran spoke with old and new voices between scenes: Ramachandran was acting in the film Kaavalkaran in 1967 opposite J. Jayalalithaa when the shooting occurred.[citation needed]

Petralthaan Pillaya was the last film of Ramachandran-M. R. Radha together. Shooting ended just few days before Ramachandran was shot. The bullet was permanently lodged in his neck and his voice damaged. Within hours of the shooting, some 50,000 fans had gathered at the hospital where Ramachandran had been taken. People cried in the streets. For six weeks, he lay in the hospital as fans awaited each report of his health. He was visited by a steady stream of commoners and luminaries of film industry, polity and bureaucracy. From his hospital bed, he conducted his campaign for the Madras Legislative Assembly. He won twice the number of votes polled by his Congress rival and the largest vote polled by any candidate for the Assembly.[26]

### Differences with Karunanidhi and birth of AIADMK

[edit]

In 1972, DMK leader Karunanidhi started to project his first son M. K. Muthu in a big way in film and politics, around the same time Ramachandran was accusing that corruption had grown in the party after the demise of C. N. Annadurai. Consequently, Ramachandran was expelled from the party. Upon his ouster from DMK, his volunteer Anakaputhur Ramalingam started a new party called the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Joined as a member of that party and became its leader and general secretary.[27] later renamed All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), the only powerful opponent of the DMK. He mobilised between 1972 and 1977 to spread and preach his party ambition with films like Netru Indru Naalai (1974), Idhayakani (1975), Indru Pol Endrum Vazhga (1977), etc.[citation needed]

### Continued success in TN Assembly elections

[edit]

#### 1977 Assembly elections

[edit]

See also: First Ramachandran ministry

The AIADMK contested the 1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative. The election was a four cornered contest between the AIADMK, DMK, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Janata Party. The AIADMK allied itself with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM), while INC(I) and Communist Party (CPI) contested as allies. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)and Janata Party (JNP) contested the elections alone. The AIADMK did not field any candidate in the Usilampatti Constituency in support of the All India Forward Bloc leader P.K. Mookiah Thevar. Similarly, the AIADMK also supported the Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) candidate M. Abdul Latheef in the Vaniyambadi Constituency. In the parliamentary elections that occurred just three months prior to these elections, there had been two major alliances – the AIADMK led AIADMK-INC-CPI coalition and the DMK led DMK-NCO-JNP-CPM coalition. But in the months that followed the parliamentary election, these coalitions fell apart. The AIADMK alliance won the elections by winning 144 seats out of 234 and Ramachandran became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. Upon winning the 1977 state elections, Ramachandran became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on 30 June 1977, remaining in office till his death in 1987. In 1979, members of his party Satyavani Muthu and Aravinda Bala Pajanor became the first non-Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu to be ministers in the Union Cabinet. The AIADMK won every state assembly election as long as Ramachandran was alive. Although Annadurai and Karunanidhi had acted in stage plays in trivial roles, in their younger days, before becoming chief minister, Ramachandran was the first popular film actor to be a Chief Minister in India.

#### 1980 Parliament and assembly elections

[edit]

See also: Second Ramachandran ministry

MGR With Sedpatti Muthiah

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam allied with Indian National Congress (Indira) in the 1977 parliamentary election. However, when Janata Party won the election and Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister, Ramachandran extended unconditional support to the Janata party Government. He continued his support to the Charan Singh Government in 1979. After the fall of the Charan Singh government, fresh parliamentary elections were conducted in 1980. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam struck alliance with INC(I). AIADMK and Janata Party alliance won only 2 seats in Tamil Nadu in that parliamentary election. INC(I) won the election and Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister. Congress-DMK victory in the 1980 parliamentary election emboldened their alliance and made them think that people lost their faith in Ramachandran government. DMK pressed the central government to dismiss the Tamil Nadu government using similar allegations used by Ramachandran to dismiss DMK government in 1976. The AIADMK ministry and the assembly were dismissed by the central government and fresh elections conducted in 1980. Despite their victory at the 1980 Lok Sabha polls, DMK and Indira Congress failed to win the legislative assembly election. AIADMK won the election and its leader and incumbent Chief Minister, M. G. Ramachandran was sworn in as Chief Minister for the second time.

#### 1984 assembly elections

[edit]

See also: Third Ramachandran ministry

Indira Gandhi was assassinated on 31 October 1984. During the same time, M. G. Ramachandran was diagnosed with kidney failure and admitted into a hospital in New York City. Rajiv Gandhi assumed office immediately and this required a fresh mandate from the people. Indian National Congress (Indira) and Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam formed an alliance and contested the election. M. G. Ramachandran was confined to the hospital. Video coverage of Ramachandran recuperating in hospital along with Indira Gandhi's assassination were stitched together by the AIADMK man in charge of campaigning, R. M. Veerappan. The video was distributed and played across all over Tamil Nadu. Rajiv Gandhi visited cyclone-hit areas in Tamil Nadu, which also boosted the alliance. The sympathy wave created by Indira's assassination, Ramachandran's illness and Rajiv Gandhi's charisma helped the alliance sweep the election.DMK leader M. Karunanidhi did not contest this election, due to the fact that the AIADMK leader Ramachandran was admitted to a hospital in the U.S. and Indira Gandhi being assassinated. It was a landslide victory for AIADMK-Congress combine which won 195 seats in assembly polls. The electoral victory proved the undying charisma of Ramachandran upon the masses.

MGR with S. S. Rajendran

#### Failed Merger Talks with DMK

[edit]

Karunanidhi claimed on 1 April 2009 and again on 13 May 2012 that Ramachandran was ready for the merger of his party with the DMK in September 1979, with former chief minister of Odisha Biju Patnaik acting as the mediator. The plan failed, because Panruti Ramachandran, who was close to Ramachandran acted as a spoiler and Ramachandran changed his mind.[28][29][30]

### Criticism and controversies

[edit]

Ramachandran's Official Car

Even after his death, Ramachandran proved to be very popular in the state and his rule has been cited by many of his contemporaries as best in the country.[31][citation needed] However, his rule is not without criticism. Economic data under his rule showed that annual growth and per capita income was lower than the national average and the state went from being second among 25 industrialised states in development after Kamaraj's rule to tenth. This decline, according to critics has been due to shift of government resources from power and irrigation to social and agriculture sector according to Madras Institute of Development Studies reported in 1988. In addition, the emphasis on "welfare schemes" such as free electricity to farmers, mid-day meal schemes, etc. has been seen by many as taking money away from infrastructure development that could have benefited the poor. In addition, the liquor tax imposed during his rule was considered to contribute to a regressive tax mostly affecting the poor.[citation needed]

Other criticisms have been on Ramachandran's centralised decision-making, which many blame for inefficiency and corruption taking hold of his administration. Some examples stated by the critics include Goondas act in 1982 and other acts that limited political criticism in the media, which led to a "police state" during his administration. While these criticisms have been in the minority, supporters of Ramachandran counter that most of these problems were a result of the party members serving Ramachandran rather than the leader himself. While he is not considered a divisive figure in the state, critics and supporters alike agree that his charisma and popularity trumped policy decisions that led to his eventual success during his tenure as chief minister.[32]

Ramachandran's Memorial House at T. Nagar

Natwar Singh in his autobiography One Life is Not Enough alleges that Ramachandran covertly supported the cause of independent Tamil Eelam and financed the LTTE and their cadres were being given military training in Tamil Nadu. He also alleges that Ramachandran considered Jaffna an extension of Tamil Nadu and without informing the Indian Government at the time, had gifted ₹ 4 crore rupees to the LTTE.[33]

Ramachandran has been accused of being intolerant towards the media. In April 1987, the Editor of Ananda Vikatan S. Balasubramanian was sentenced to 3 months in jail by the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for publishing a cartoon, depicting government ministers as bandits and lawmakers as pickpockets, though specific legislature was not specified. But due to media outcry, he was released and Balasubramanian later won a case against his arrest. Earlier, Vaniga Otrumai editor A.M. Paulraj was sentenced to 2 weeks imprisonment by the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for his writing.[34][35]

#### Bharat Ratna

[edit]

Ramachandran's statue at the MGR Memorial

After his death in 1987, he became the third Chief Minister from the state of Tamil Nadu to receive the Bharat Ratna after C. Rajagopalachari and K. Kamaraj. The timing of the award was controversial, due to the fact that it was given so quickly after his death and he was elected as Chief Minister only 11 years before the award. Many opponents, mostly outside Tamil Nadu, criticised then ruling party INC, under Rajiv Gandhi to have influenced the selection committee to give the award to help win the upcoming 1989 Lok Sabha election. The ruling party forming a coalition with J. Jayalalithaa, the successor to Ramachandran at that time, were able to sweep Tamil Nadu, winning 38 out of 39 seats, INC were however unable to win nationally.[36]

#### Commemorative coins

[edit]

To commemorate Ramachandran's Birth centenary in 2017, the Ministry of Finance, Government of India decided to issue ₹100 and ₹5 coins that would bear his image as a portrait along with an inscription of "Dr. M. G. Ramachandran Birth Centenary".[37]

## Philanthropy

[edit]

He personally offered relief in disasters and calamities like fire, flood, drought, and cyclones. He was the first donor during the war with China in 1962 (Sino-Indian War), donating Rs. 75,000 to the war fund. He was the founder and editor of Thai weekly magazine and Anna daily newspaper in Tamil. He was the owner of Sathya Studios and Emgeeyar Pictures (willed to charity) which produced many of the films he acted in. He had gifted a golden sword weighing half a Kilogram to Mookambika temple in Kollur, Udupi district.[38]

## Illness and death

[edit]

Ramachandran's Tomb and Memorial at Marina beach, Chennai Ever burning lamp at the M.G.R.'s Tomb and Memorial

In October 1984, Ramachandran was diagnosed with kidney failure as a result of uncontrolled diabetes, which was soon followed by a mild heart attack and a massive stroke.[39][40] He was rushed to the Downstate Medical Center in New York City, United States for treatment, undergoing a kidney transplant. Despite his poor health, he did contest the assembly election held later that year while still confined to the hospital, winning from Andipatti. During the election, photos of Ramachandran recuperating in hospital were published, creating a sympathy wave among the people.[41] Ramachandran returned to Madras on 4 February 1985 following his recovery.[42] He was sworn in as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the third consecutive term on 10 February 1985. The next two years and 10 months were spent in frequent trips to the United States for treatment.

Ramachandran never fully recovered from his multiple health problems and died on 24 December 1987 at 3:30 am in his Ramavaram Gardens residence in Manapakkam[43] after his prolonged illness. He was 70 years old. His death sparked a frenzy of looting and rioting over the state. Shops, cinemas, buses and other public and private property became the target of violence. The police resorted to issuing shoot-at-sight orders. Schools and colleges immediately announced holidays until the situation came under control. Violence during the funeral alone left 129 people dead and 47 police personnel badly wounded. Young and married women allegedly shaved their heads bald and dressed like widows. Men whipped themselves until they bled to death. There were some extreme instances of people burning themselves to death and burning villages.[44][45]

His body was kept in state at Rajaji Hall for two days for the public to pay their respect. On 25 December 1987, his remains were buried at the northern end of Marina Beach, now called MGR Memorial, adjacent to the Anna Memorial.[46]

This state of affairs continued for almost a month across Tamil Nadu. Around one million[47] people followed his remains, around 30 followers committed suicide and people had their heads tonsured. After his death, his political party, the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, was split between his wife V. N. Janaki Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa; they merged in 1989.

In 1989 Dr. M. G. R. Home and Higher Secondary School for the Speech and Hearing Impaired[48] was established at the erstwhile residence M.G.R. Thottam, Ramapuram, in accordance with his last will and testament written in January 1987. His official residence at 27, Arcot Street, T. Nagar is now M.G.R. Memorial House and is open for public viewing. His film studio, Sathya Studios, has been converted into a women's college in the name of Dr. MGR-Janaki College of Arts and Science for Women.[49]

## Legacy

[edit]

M. G. Ramachandran in 1990 Stamp of India M. G. Ramachandran in 2017 Stamp of India

After his electoral success with in 1977, the DMK has not yet returned to power in Tamil Nadu until his death. On 19 March 1988, Ramachandran was posthumously honoured with Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. He is widely acknowledged as "Puratchi Thalaivar" (Revolutionary Leader) in Tamil Nadu. One of the major roads in Chennai was named in his honour, Dr. M.G.R. Salai—it was previously called Gokula Kannan Road, and a statue of M. G. Ramachandran now stands there and M.G.R. Nagar, a residential neighbourhood was named after him in Chennai, Salem Central Bus Stand was renamed Bharat Ratna Dr. M.G.R. Central Bus Stand and Omalur Main Road was renamed M.G.R. Salai in Salem, Tirunelveli New Bus Stand was renamed Bharat Ratna Dr. M.G.R. Bus Stand in Tirunelveli and two parks were named Bharat Ratna Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Park and M.G.R. Park in Thoothukudi.[citation needed]

A life-size statue of Ramachandran was unveiled on 7 December 2006 in the Parliament House by then Lok Sabha Speaker, Somnath Chatterjee in his honour and the function was attended by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa and notable politicians.[citation needed]

The central government issued a commemorative coin of ₹ 100 and ₹ 5 denomination to mark the centenary celebrations of him on 17 January 2017 in Chennai.[citation needed]

On 31 October 2017, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed the Mattuthavani Bus Stand in Madurai as M.G.R. Bus Stand to honour him.[50]

On 9 October 2018, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed the Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus in Chennai as Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G.R. Bus Terminus to honour him.[51]

On 5 April 2019, Government of India renamed the Chennai Central in Chennai as Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Railway Station to honour him.[52]

On 31 July 2020, Central Metro in Chennai has been renamed as Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Metro by Government of Tamil Nadu to honour him.[53]

On 17 October 2021, the AIADMK headquarters in Chennai has been renamed as Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai by party leaders in memory of the party's founder.[54]

## In popular culture

[edit]

* Iruvar (1997) by Mani Ratnam is based on the rivalry between Ramachandran and M. Karunanidhi. Malayalam actor Mohanlal played Anandan (Ramachandran).[55]
* In the 2019 streaming series Queen, Indrajith Sukumaran portrayed G. M. Ravichandran (fictional adaptation of M.G.R.).[56]
* In the film Thalaivii (2021), Ramachandran was portrayed by Arvind Swami.[57][58]

## Filmography

[edit]

Main article: M. G. Ramachandran filmography

## Awards and honours

[edit]

### Honours

[edit]

Year  | Event / Venue  | Award  | Work  | Ref

|
|
|
|

1974[citation needed] | The World University (Arizona)  | Honorary doctorate | For the contribution to Indian Cinema[citation needed] | [59]
1987  | University of Madras | For the contribution to Tamil Cinema[citation needed] | [60]
1988  | Government of India | Bharat Ratna | For the contribution to public affairs  | [61]

### Other cinema awards

[edit]

Year  | Event  | Award / Category  | Film / Work  | Ref

|
|
|
|

1965  | Filmfare Awards South | Special Jury award  | Enga Veettu Pillai |
1968  | Tamil Nadu State Film Awards | Best Actor | Kudiyirundha Koyil |
1969  | Best Film | Adimaippenn |
Filmfare Awards South | Best Film  | [62]
1971  | National Film Awards | Best Actor | Rickshawkaran |
1978  | Tamil Nadu State Film Awards | Special Jury award  | Maduraiyai Meetta Sundharapandiyan |

## See also

[edit]

* M. G. Ramachandran's unrealised projects
* First Ramachandran ministry
* Second Ramachandran ministry
* Third Ramachandran ministry

## Notes

[edit]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "THE MADRAS LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 1962–67 : A REVIEW" (PDF). Assembly.tn.gov.in. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
2. ^ a b Sri Kantha, Sachi (8 April 2015). "M.G.R. Remembered – Part 26". Sangam.org. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
3. ^ "Modi to Mamata, M.G.R. to NTR: Vir Sanghvi lists 70 politicians who changed India". Hindustan Times. 15 August 2017. Archived from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
4. ^ "Events – MGR-Sivaji-Gemini: TRINITY Album Launched – IndiaGlitz.com". 9 July 2012. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
5. ^ "Gemini Ganesan Biography – Gemini Ganesan Profile, Childhood & Filmography". 19 September 2018. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
6. ^ Kumaresan, S (27 April 2021). "From the archives: Why is 1980 Tamil Nadu Assembly election worthy of note?". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
7. ^ Kumaresan, S (28 April 2021). "From the archives: When MGR sailed on sympathy in 1984 polls". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
8. ^ "Janaki's son alone has copyright to M.G.R.'s autobiography: court". The Hindu. 4 July 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
9. ^ Mani Shankar Aiyar (1 January 2009). A Time of Transition: Rajiv Gandhi to the 21 Century. Penguin Books India. pp. 38–. ISBN 978-0-670-08275-9.
10. ^ Kumar, N. Vinoth (8 April 2023). "A book sought to prove MGR was a Gounder from Kongu land; what was the aim?". The Federal. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
11. ^ Krishnamachari, Suganthi (30 April 2020). "Inscriptions talk of fascinating Kongu connection". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 April 2021.:"Krishna Menon of the Valluva Nadu royal family had five sons, of whom the fourth was Sankunni Valiya Mannadiyar, born in 1832. Sankunni Mannadiyar held a judicial post in Cochin. His son was Gopala Menon, born in 1884. Gopala Menon's wife, Satyabhama, belonged to a family in Mathur, which was referred to as Vadavanur Vellalar in copper plates. To Gopala Menon and Satyabhama, a son was born in 1917, who was to become famous not only in Tamil films, but in the political scene in Tamil Nadu. That son was M.G. Ramachandran! So M.G.R. had Kongu Vellala ancestors, both on his father's side and mother's side!"
12. ^ R. Kannan (28 June 2017). M.G.R.: A Life. India: Penguin Random House. pp. 12–13\. ISBN 978-0-14-342934-0.12-13&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House&rft.date=2017-06-28&rft.isbn=978-0-14-342934-0&rft.au=R.+Kannan&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=2mclDwAAQBAJ&q;=MGR%3A+A+Life+kannan+menon&pg;=PT15&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:M.+G.+Ramachandran" class="Z3988">:"MGR has said that his ancestors were originally from Pollachi, and were Mandradiyars of the Kongu Vellalars...MGR greatly resented being considered a Malayali"
13. ^ "MGR's childhood home in Kerala to become a cultural hub". The Times of India. 14 February 2018. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019. "Maruthur Gopalamenon Ramachandran, popularly known as 'MGR'."
14. ^ a b Veeravalli, Shrikanth. "MG Ramachandran's early years: a poor childhood, drama school, and the first big break". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
15. ^ Linda Woodhead Religions in Modern World. Fletcher, Kawanam. p. 39
16. ^ M.S.S. Pandian (1992) The image trap. SAGE Publications. ISBN 0803994036. p. 131
17. ^ திருமணமும் தகுதி உயர்வும் || Marriage qualifying high Archived 7 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Cinema.maalaimalar.com (19 February 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.
18. ^ பொன்மனச் செம்மலின் வெற்றி வரலாறு (பகுதி 5): வி.என். ஜானகியை வாழ்க்கைத் துணைவியாக ஏற்றார்! || Mgr Cinema History Archived 24 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Cinema.maalaimalar.com (19 February 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.
19. ^ Thomas, K.M. (27 April 1998). "Family feud over MGR's property turns into public campaign against controlling authority". India Today. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
20. ^ "M. G. Ramachandran Summary and Analysis Summary". 3 March 2009. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
21. ^ "Americans in Tamil cinema". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 6 September 2004. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
22. ^ "MGR-Sivaji-Gemini: TRINITY Album Launched". IndiaGlitz. 22 January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
23. ^ "MGR, man of the masses". The Hindu. 17 January 2018. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
24. ^ "MGR Remembered – Part 4". Ilankai Tamil Sangam. 2 February 2013. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
25. ^ A. Srivathsan (23 December 2012) The day M.R. Radha shot MGR Archived 21 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine. The Hindu
26. ^ Selvaraj Velayutham (2008). Tamil cinema: the cultural politics of India's other film industry. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-39680-6.
27. ^ "எம்.ஜி.ஆரை நீக்கியதன் விளைவை தி.மு.க சந்திக்கும்!" அப்போதே எச்சரித்த ராஜாஜி #48YearsOfADMK". Vikatan.com. 20 October 2019.
28. ^ "Tamil Nadu News : AIADMK came close to merging with DMK: Karunanidhi". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 1 April 2009. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
29. ^ "Karuna recalls Biju's bid for DMK-AIADMK merger". Zeenews.india.com. 13 May 2012. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
30. ^ "How Biju Patnaik nearly pulled off a DMK and AIADMK merger". The News Minute. 20 April 2016.
31. ^ "Polls show MGR as the best CM of Tamil Nadu". news.oneindia.in. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
32. ^ Ingrid Widlund (1993). "A Vote for MGR Transaction and Devotion in South Indian Politics". Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrifts. 96 (3): 225–257\. Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2014.225-257&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Ingrid+Widlund&rft_id=http://journals.lub.lu.se/index.php/st/article/view/2939&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:M.+G.+Ramachandran" class="Z3988">
33. ^ K. Natwar-Singh (2014). One Life is Not Enough: An Autobiography. Rupa Publications India. ISBN 978-81-291-3274-1.
34. ^ "Arresting affair Arrest of Ananda Vikattin editor another press vs Ramachandran Government battle". S.H. Venkatramani. 30 April 1987. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
35. ^ Ramachandran, K. (16 November 2003). "A trophy to remember". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
36. ^ Bharat Ratna- Isn't the arbitrary selection & politics making this highest civilian award controversy prone? Archived 28 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Merinews.com (20 November 2013). Retrieved 21 May 2014.
37. ^ Centre to mint ₹5, ₹100 coins to commemorate MGR's birth centenary Archived 12 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine. The Hindu. 12 September 2017
38. ^ "The Hindu : Karnataka News : Jayalalithaa offers prayers at Kollur temple". Hinduonnet.com. 31 July 2004. Archived from the original on 22 August 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
39. ^ Venkatramani, S. H. (15 November 1984). "M.G. Ramachandran's kidney ailment remained a well-kept secret". India Today. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
40. ^ "MGR DIES OF HEART ATTACK". The Indian Express. 25 December 1987. p. 1\. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
41. ^ "Where's The Personal Doc? | Outlook India Magazine". 5 December 2019. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
42. ^ Sethi, Sunil (28 February 1985). "Tamil Nadu CM M.G. Ramachandran returns home, health speculations laid to rest". India Today. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
43. ^ "M.G. Ramachandrans death marks the passing of an era of stability in Tamil Nadu". 15 January 1988. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
44. ^ "Popular Tamil Leader Dies in India;Rioting, Suicides Follow Death of Tamil Nadu's Chief Minister". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. 25 December 1987. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
45. ^ "Tamil leader's death stirs India riots". Chicago Sun-Times. 26 December 1987. Archived from the original on 23 March 2007. Retrieved 19 September 2006.
46. ^ Tripathi, Ashutosh (6 December 2016). "Rajaji Hall: A Witness to History and Events in Tamil Nadu". news18. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
47. ^ "One Million Indians Mourn Tamil Leader". Charlotte Observer. 26 December 1987. Archived from the original on 24 March 2007. Retrieved 19 September 2006.
48. ^ "MGR Home & Higher Secondary School for the Speech & Hearing Impaired" Archived 30 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Mgrhome.in. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
49. ^ "Dr. MGR Janaki College of Arts and Science for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India". mgrjanaki.ac.in. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
50. ^ "It is now MGR bus stand at Mattuthavani". The Hindu. 31 October 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
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52. ^ M, Manikandan (5 April 2019). "Chennai Central railway station renamed after AIADMK founder MGR". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
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## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to M. G. Ramachandran.

* M. G. Ramachandran at IMDb
* M. G. Ramachandran at Rotten Tomatoes
* M.G. Ramchandran: Jewel of the Masses
* The Hindu – Politics and Suicides in TN[usurped]
* All about Dr MGR
* MGR Memorial Charitable Trust
* MGR monthly magazine+News portal
* Kandy-born Actor-Politico "MGR" Reigned Supreme in Tamil Nadu Cinema and Politics-by D.B.S. Jeyaraj Archived 20 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine
* "Biography of M G Ramachandran". Archived from the original on 12 December 2021 - via YouTube.

Political offices

Vacant

President's Rule

Title last held by

Karunanidhi |  Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
1977–1987  | Succeeded by

V. N. Janaki Ramachandran

* v
* t
* e

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

Founder: M. G. Ramachandran

General secretaries|

General secretary

* M. G. Ramachandran (1972–78; 1986–87)
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan (1978–80)
* P. U. Shanmugam (1980–85)
* S. Raghavanandam (1985–86)
* J. Jayalalithaa (1988–2016)
* V. K. Sasikala (2016–17)
* Edappadi K. Palaniswami (2022–Incumbent)

|

Joint general secretary

* R. M. Veerappan (1989–93)

Deputy general secretary

* H. V. Hande
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* R. M. Veerappan
* S. D. Somasundaram
* K. A. Krishnasamy
* S. R. Eradha
* K. Kalimuthu
* Su. Thirunavukkarasar
* K. A. Sengottaiyan
* V. Karuppasamy Pandian
* M. Chinnasamy
* T. T. V. Dhinakaran (2017)
* K. P. Munusamy (2022–Incumbent)
* Natham R. Viswanathan (2022–Incumbent)

Co-ordinators|

Co-ordinator

* O. Panneerselvam (2017–22)

|

Joint co-ordinator

* Edappadi K. Palaniswami (2017–22)

Deputy co-ordinator

* K. P. Munusamy (2017–22)
* R. Vaithilingam (2017–22)

Presidium chairmen|

* Pavalar M. Muthusamy
* E. V. A. Vallimuthu
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan (1996–2000)
* K. Kalimuthu (2000–02; 2006)
* Pulamaipithan (2002–03)
* C. Ponnaiyan (2003–06)
* E. Madhusudhanan (2007–17; 2017–21)
* K. A. Sengottaiyan (2017)
* A. Thamizhmahan Hussain (2021–Incumbent)

Treasurers|

* P. Soundarapandian
* S. M. Dorairaj
* Panruti S. Ramachandran
* R. S. Rajakannappan
* S. Madhavan
* Sedapatti R. Muthiah
* Dindigul C. Sreenivasan (2000–06; 2017; 2022–Incumbent)
* T. T. V. Dhinakaran (2006–07)
* O. Panneerselvam (2007–17; 2017–22)

Union cabinet ministers|

* Sathiavani Muthu
* Aravinda Bala Pajanor
* Sedapatti R. Muthiah
* M. Thambidurai

Chief ministers|

* S. Ramassamy
* M. G. Ramachandran
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* V. N. Janaki Ramachandran
* J. Jayalalithaa
* O. Panneerselvam
* Edappadi K. Palaniswami

Deputy chief ministers|

* O. Panneerselvam

Deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha|

* M. Thambidurai

Union ministers of state|

* R. K. Kumar
* Kadambur M. R. Janarthanan

Speakers of the legislative assembly|

* S. Pakkiam
* Munu Adhi
* K. Rajaram
* P. H. Pandian
* Sedapatti R. Muthiah
* K. Kalimuthu
* D. Jayakumar
* P. Dhanapal

Deputy speakers of the legislative assembly|

* Su. Thirunavukkarasar
* P. H. Pandian
* V. P. Balasubramanian
* K. Ponnusamy
* S. Gandhirajan
* A. Arunachalam
* P. Dhanapal
* Pollachi V. Jayaraman

Leaders of the opposition|

* P. K. Loganathan
* J. Jayalalithaa
* S. R. Eradha
* V. M. C. V. Ganapathy
* O. Panneerselvam
* Edappadi K. Palaniswami

Deputy leaders of the opposition|

* Su. Thirunavukkarasar
* K. A. Sengottaiyan
* O. Panneerselvam
* R. B. Udhayakumar

Others|

* Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
* Cinema in Dravidian politics
* Dravidianism
* Rise of Dravidian parties

Headquarters: Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai, 226, V.P. Raman Salai, Royapettah, Chennai – 600014, Tamil Nadu, India.

* v
* t
* e

Dravidian politics

Political parties|

* Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
* All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
* Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
* Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam

Union cabinet ministers|

* Sathiavani Muthu
* Aravinda Bala Pajanor
* Murasoli Maran
* T. G. Venkatraman
* Sedapatti R. Muthiah
* M. Thambidurai
* T. R. Baalu
* A. Raja
* Dayanidhi Maran
* M. K. Alagiri

Chief ministers|

* C. N. Annadurai
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* M. Karunanidhi
* M. O. H. Farook
* S. Ramassamy
* M. G. Ramachandran
* M. D. R. Ramachandran
* V. N. Janaki Ramachandran
* J. Jayalalithaa
* R. V. Janakiraman
* O. Panneerselvam
* Edappadi K. Palaniswami
* M. K. Stalin

Deputy chief ministers|

* M. K. Stalin
* O. Panneerselvam
* Udhayanidhi Stalin

Deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha|

* G. Lakshmanan
* M. Thambidurai

Union ministers of state|

* N. V. N. Somu
* T. R. Baalu
* R. K. Kumar
* Kadambur M. R. Janarthanan
* M. Kannappan
* Gingee N. Ramachandran
* A. Raja
* K. Venkatapathy
* Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan
* S. Regupathy
* S. S. Palanimanickam
* V. Radhika Selvi
* S. Jagathrakshakan
* S. Gandhiselvan
* D. Nepoleon

Speakers of the legislative assembly|

* Si. Pa. Adithanar
* Pulavar K. Govindan
* S. Perumal
* K. A. Mathiazhagan
* S. Pakkiam
* Munu Adhi
* K. Rajaram
* P. H. Pandian
* M. Tamilkudimagan
* G. Palaniraja
* Sedapatti R. Muthiah
* P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan
* V. M. C. Sivakumar
* K. Kalimuthu
* R. Avudaiyappan
* D. Jayakumar
* P. Dhanapal
* M. Appavu

Deputy speakers of the legislative assembly|

* Pulavar K. Govindan
* G. R. Edmund
* P. Seenivasan
* N. Ganapathy
* Su. Thirunavukkarasar
* P. H. Pandian
* V. P. Balasubramanian
* V. P. Duraisamy
* K. Ponnusamy
* S. Gandhirajan
* Parithi Ilamvazhuthi
* A. Arunachalam
* P. Dhanapal
* Pollachi V. Jayaraman
* K. Pitchandi

Leaders of the opposition|

* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* M. Karunanidhi
* P. K. Loganathan
* J. Jayalalithaa
* S. R. Eradha
* V. M. C. V. Ganapathy
* R. V. Janakiraman
* K. Anbazhagan
* O. Panneerselvam
* A. M. H. Nazeem
* Vijayakant
* M. K. Stalin
* R. Siva
* Edappadi K. Palaniswami

Deputy leaders of the opposition|

* K. Anbazhagan
* Su. Thirunavukkarasar
* Duraimurugan
* K. A. Sengottaiyan
* O. Panneerselvam
* Panruti S. Ramachandran
* Alagaapuram R. Mohanraj
* R. B. Udhayakumar

Others|

* Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
* Cinema in Dravidian politics
* Dravidar Kazhagam
* Dravidian movement
* Dravidianism
* Rise of Dravidian parties
* Self-Respect Movement

* v
* t
* e

Recipients of Bharat Ratna Award

1954–1960|

* C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and C. V. Raman (1954)
* Bhagwan Das, M. Visvesvaraya, and Jawaharlal Nehru (1955)
* Govind Ballabh Pant (1957)
* Dhondo Keshav Karve (1958)

1961–1980|

* Bidhan Chandra Roy, and Purushottam Das Tandon (1961)
* Rajendra Prasad (1962)
* Zakir Husain, and Pandurang Vaman Kane (1963)
* Lal Bahadur Shastri (1966)
* Indira Gandhi (1971)
* V. V. Giri (1975)
* K. Kamaraj (1976)
* Mother Teresa (1980)

1981–2000|

* Vinoba Bhave (1983)
* Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987)
* M. G. Ramachandran (1988)
* B. R. Ambedkar, and Nelson Mandela (1990)
* Rajiv Gandhi, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Morarji Desai (1991)
* Abul Kalam Azad, J. R. D. Tata and Satyajit Ray (1992)
* Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali, and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1997)
* M. S. Subbulakshmi, and C. Subramaniam (1998)
* Jayaprakash Narayan, Amartya Sen, Gopinath Bordoloi, and Ravi Shankar (1999)

2001–2020|

* Lata Mangeshkar, and Bismillah Khan (2001)
* Bhimsen Joshi (2008)
* C. N. R. Rao, and Sachin Tendulkar (2014)
* Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and Madan Mohan Malaviya (2015)
* Nanaji Deshmukh, Bhupen Hazarika, and Pranab Mukherjee (2019)

2021–2040|

* Karpoori Thakur, Lal Krishna Advani, Charan Singh, P. V. Narasimha Rao, and M. S. Swaminathan (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Council of Ministers of Tamil Nadu

First
Legislative
Assembly|

* C. Rajagopalachari
* K. Kamaraj
* A. B. Shetty
* C. Subramaniam
* K. Venkataswami Naidu
* N. Ranga Reddi
* M. V. Krishna Rao
* V. C. Palaniswami
* U. Krishna Rao
* R. Nagan Gowda
* N. Sankara Reddi
* M. A. Manickavelu
* K. P. Kuttikrishnan
* Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi
* S. B. P. Pattabhirama Rao
* D. Sanjeevaiah
* M. Bhakthavatsalam
* K. Rajaram
* Jothi Venkatachalam
* B. Parameswaran
* S. S. Ramaswami Padayachi

Second
Legislative
Assembly|

* K. Kamaraj
* M. Bhakthavatsalam
* C. Subramaniam
* M. A. Manickavelu
* Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi
* B. Parameswaran
* S. S. Ramaswami Padayachi
* R. Venkataraman
* P. Kakkan
* V. Ramaiah
* Lourdammal Simon

Third
Legislative
Assembly|

* K. Kamaraj
* M. Bhakthavatsalam
* R. Venkataraman
* P. Kakkan
* V. Ramaiah
* Jothi Venkatachalam
* N. Nallasenapathi Sarkarai Manradiar
* G. Bhuvarahan
* S. M. Abdul Majid

Fourth
Legislative
Assembly|

* C. N. Annadurai
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* M. Karunanidhi
* K. A. Mathiazhagan
* A. Govindasamy
* Sathiavani Muthu
* S. Madhavan
* S. J. Sadiq Pasha
* M. Muthuswami
* P. U. Shanmugam
* Si. Pa. Aditanar
* K. V. Subbiah
* O. P. Raman
* N. V. Natarajan
* K. A. Vezhavendan

Fifth
Legislative
Assembly|

* M. Karunanidhi
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* K. Anbazhagan
* N. V. Natarajan
* Sathiavani Muthu
* P. U. Shanmugam
* S. Madhavan
* S. J. Sadiq Pasha
* Si. Pa. Aditanar
* A. P. Dharmalingam
* K. Rajaram
* O. P. Raman
* Panruti S. Ramachandran
* M. Kannappan
* Mannai P. Narayanasamy
* C. V. M. Annamalai
* N. Rajangam

Sixth
Legislative
Assembly|

* M. G. Ramachandran
* Nanjil K. Manoharan
* Panruti S. Ramachandran
* K. Narayanaswamy
* G. R. Edmund
* R. M. Veerappan
* C. Aranganayagam
* K. Kalimuthu
* S. Raghavanandam
* P. Soundarapandian
* C. Ponnaiyan
* P. T. Saraswathi
* P. Kolandaivelu
* K. Raja Mohammed
* K. A. Krishnaswamy
* S. D. Somasundaram
* R. Soundararajan
* Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan

Seventh
Legislative
Assembly|

* M. G. Ramachandran
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* Panruti S. Ramachandran
* K. A. Krishnaswamy
* S. D. Somasundaram
* R. M. Veerappan
* C. Aranganayagam
* K. Kalimuthu
* C. Ponnaiyan
* P. Kolandaivelu
* S. Raghavanandam
* H. V. Hande
* K. Raja Mohammed
* S. Muthusamy
* Su. Thirunavukkarasar
* S. N. Rajendran
* M. Vijayasarathy
* Gomathi Srinivasan
* S. R. Eradha
* M. R. Govindan
* P. Vijayalakshmi
* R. Soundararajan
* Y. S. M. Yusuf
* R. Arunachalam
* K. Kalaimani
* T. Veeraswamy
* K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran

Eighth
Legislative
Assembly|

* M. G. Ramachandran
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* V. N. Janaki Ramachandran
* Panruti S. Ramachandran
* K. A. Krishnaswamy
* R. M. Veerappan
* C. Aranganayagam
* K. Kalimuthu
* C. Ponnaiyan
* H. V. Hande
* S. Muthusamy
* Su. Thirunavukkarasar
* R. Soundararajan
* M. R. Govindan
* Gomathi Srinivasan
* P. Vijayalakshmi
* Y. S. M. Yusuf
* K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran
* K. Rajaram
* V. V. Swaminathan
* T. Veeraswamy
* N. Nallusamy
* Anoor P. G. Jegadeesan
* T. Ramasamy
* A. Arunachalam
* P. U. Shanmugam
* P. Sundararajan

Ninth
Legislative
Assembly|

* M. Karunanidhi
* K. Anbazhagan
* S. J. Sadiq Pasha
* Nanjil K. Manoharan
* M. Kannappan
* K. P. Kandasamy
* Ko. Si. Mani
* Arcot N. Veeraswami
* Pon. Muthuramalingam
* Veerapandi S. Arumugam
* Duraimurugan
* Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan
* E. Ramakrishnan
* K. Ponmudy
* K. N. Nehru
* K. Chandrasekaran
* S. Thangavelu
* K. Sundaram

Tenth
Legislative
Assembly|

* J. Jayalalithaa
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* K. A. Krishnaswamy
* S. D. Somasundaram
* R. M. Veerappan
* K. Rajaram
* C. Aranganayagam
* S. Muthusamy
* K. A. Sengottaiyan
* E. Madhusudhanan
* S. Kannappan
* Alagu Thirunavukkarasu
* Ku. Pa. Krishnan
* T. M. Selvaganapathy
* Mohammad Asif
* R. Indira Kumari
* M. Anandan
* D. Jayakumar
* G. Viswanathan
* S. Nagoor Meeran
* S. Regupathy
* Durai Ramasamy
* D. Janardhanan
* V. Sathiamoorthy
* M. Chinnasamy
* K. Lawrence
* M. Thennavan
* K. Ponnusamy
* Melur A. M. Paramasivam
* C. P. Pattabiraman
* T. V. Nadesan Paulraj
* P. Eswaramoorthy
* M. C. Dhamotharan
* M. Ammamuthu

Eleventh
Legislative
Assembly|

* M. Karunanidhi
* K. Anbazhagan
* Arcot N. Veeraswami
* Nanjil K. Manoharan
* Ko. Si. Mani
* Veerapandi S. Arumugam
* Duraimurugan
* K. Ponmudy
* M. Tamilkudimagan
* K. N. Nehru
* K. Sundaram
* A. Rahman Khan
* Aladi Aruna
* V. Thangapandian
* N. K. K. Periasamy
* M. R. K. Panneerselvam
* Pongalur N. Palanisamy
* K. Pitchandi
* I. Periyasamy
* V. Mullaivendhan
* B. M. Senguttuvan
* S. P. Sarguna Pandian
* Samayanallur S. Selvaraj
* N. Suresh Rajan
* Anthiyur P. Selvarasu
* S. Jennifer Chandran

Twelfth
Legislative
Assembly|

* J. Jayalalithaa
* O. Panneerselvam
* C. Ponnaiyan
* M. Thambidurai
* D. Jayakumar
* Ayyaru Vandayar
* Pollachi V. Jayaraman
* S. Semmalai
* C. Durairaj
* P. C. Ramasamy
* Thalavai Sundaram
* A. Anwer Raja
* K. Pandurangan
* S. S. Thirunavukkarasu
* P. Dhanapal
* Natham R. Viswanathan
* R. Saroja
* B. Valarmathi
* V. Subramanian
* Nainar Nagendran
* K. P. Rajendra Prasad
* C. Ve. Shanmugam
* S. P. Shunmuganathan
* A. K. Selvaraj
* A. Venkatachalam
* R. Jeevanantham
* C. Shanmugavelu
* R. Vaithilingam
* Valarmathi Jebaraj
* S. M. Velusamy
* P. Mohan
* R. Vilvanathan
* M. C. Sampath
* Anitha R. Radhakrishnan
* K. Sudarsanam
* V. D. Natarajan
* S. Ramachandran
* K. K. Balasubramanian
* V. Somasundaram
* M. Radhakrishnan
* A. Miller
* A. Pappa Sundaram
* P. V. Damodaran
* R. Vadivel
* P. Annavi
* K. P. Anbalagan
* R. T. Inbathamilan

Thirteenth
Legislative
Assembly|

* M. Karunanidhi
* M. K. Stalin
* K. Anbazhagan
* Arcot N. Veeraswami
* Ko. Si. Mani
* Veerapandi S. Arumugam
* Duraimurugan
* P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan
* K. Ponmudy
* K. N. Nehru
* M. R. K. Panneerselvam
* I. Periyasamy
* N. Suresh Rajan
* Parithi Ilamvazhuthi
* E. V. Velu
* Suba. Thangavelan
* K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran
* T. M. Anbarasan
* K. R. Periyakaruppan
* N. K. K. P. Raja
* Thangam Thenarasu
* S. N. M. Ubayadullah
* T. P. M. Mohideen Khan
* N. Selvaraj
* M. P. Saminathan
* Poongothai Aladi Aruna
* P. Geetha Jeevan
* A. Tamilarasi
* K. P. P. Samy
* U. Mathivanan
* K. Ramachandran
* Pongalur N. Palanisamy

Fourteenth
Legislative
Assembly|

* J. Jayalalithaa
* O. Panneerselvam
* K. A. Sengottaiyan
* Natham R. Viswanathan
* K. P. Munusamy
* C. Shanmugavelu
* R. Vaithilingam
* Agri S. S. Krishnamoorthy
* C. Karuppasamy
* P. Palaniappan
* C. Ve. Shanmugam
* Sellur K. Raju
* K. T. Pachaiammal
* Edappadi K. Palaniswami
* S. P. Shunmuganathan
* K. V. Ramalingam
* S. P. Velumani
* T. K. M. Chinnayya
* M. C. Sampath
* P. Thangamani
* G. Senthamizhan
* S. Gokula Indira
* Selvi Ramajayam
* B. V. Ramanaa
* R. B. Udhayakumar
* N. Subramanian
* V. Senthil Balaji
* N. Mariyam Pitchai
* K. A. Jayapal
* E. Subaya
* Budhichandhiran
* S. T. Chellapandian
* V. S. Vijay
* N. R. Sivapathi
* A. Mohammed John
* P. Chendur Pandian
* S. Damodaran
* R. Kamaraj
* V. Moorthy
* M. Paranjothi
* S. Sundararaj
* K. T. Rajenthra Bhalaji
* B. Valarmathi
* M. S. M. Anandan
* Mukkur N. Subramanian
* N. D. Venkatachalam
* P. Mohan
* T. P. Poonatchi
* Vaigaichelvan
* K. C. Veeramani
* S. Abdul Rahim
* C. Vijayabaskar

Fifteenth
Legislative
Assembly|

* J. Jayalalithaa
* O. Panneerselvam
* Edappadi K. Palaniswami
* Dindigul C. Sreenivasan
* K. A. Sengottaiyan
* Sellur K. Raju
* P. Thangamani
* S. P. Velumani
* D. Jayakumar
* C. Ve. Shanmugam
* K. P. Anbalagan
* V. Saroja
* M. C. Sampath
* K. C. Karuppannan
* R. Kamaraj
* O. S. Manian
* Udumalai K. Radhakrishnan
* C. Vijayabaskar
* R. Doraikkannu
* Kadambur C. Raju
* R. B. Udhayakumar
* Vellamandi N. Natarajan
* K. C. Veeramani
* K. T. Rajenthra Bhalaji
* P. Benjamin
* Nilofer Kafeel
* M. R. Vijayabhaskar
* M. Manikandan
* V. M. Rajalakshmi
* Ma Foi K. Pandiarajan
* G. Baskaran
* Sevvoor S. Ramachandran
* S. Valarmathi
* P. Balakrishna Reddy

Sixteenth
Legislative
Assembly|

* M. K. Stalin
* Udhayanidhi Stalin
* Duraimurugan
* K. N. Nehru
* I. Periyasamy
* K. Ponmudy
* E. V. Velu
* M. R. K. Panneerselvam
* K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran
* Thangam Thenarasu
* S. Regupathy
* S. Muthusamy
* K. R. Periyakaruppan
* T. M. Anbarasan
* M. P. Saminathan
* P. Geetha Jeevan
* Anitha R. Radhakrishnan
* R. S. Rajakannappan
* K. Ramachandran
* R. Sakkarapani
* V. Senthil Balaji
* R. Gandhi
* Ma. Subramanian
* P. Moorthy
* S. S. Sivasankar
* P. K. Sekar Babu
* Palanivel Thiaga Rajan
* S. M. Nasar
* Gingee K. S. Masthan
* Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi
* Siva. V. Meyyanathan
* C. V. Ganesan
* T. Mano Thangaraj
* M. Mathiventhan
* N. Kayalvizhi
* T. R. B. Rajaa
* R. Rajendran
* Govi. Chezhiaan

* v
* t
* e

National Film Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role

1967–1980|

* Uttam Kumar (1967)
* Ashok Kumar (1968)
* Utpal Dutt (1969)
* Sanjeev Kumar (1970)
* M. G. Ramachandran (1971)
* Sanjeev Kumar (1972)
* P. J. Antony (1973)
* Sadhu Meher (1974)
* M. V. Vasudeva Rao (1975)
* Mithun Chakraborty (1976)
* Bharath Gopi (1977)
* Arun Mukherjee (1978)
* Naseeruddin Shah (1979)
* Balan K. Nair (1980)

1981–2000|

* Om Puri (1981)
* Kamal Haasan (1982)
* Om Puri (1983)
* Naseeruddin Shah (1984)
* Shashi Kapoor (1985)
* Charuhasan (1986)
* Kamal Haasan (1987)
* Premji (1988)
* Mammootty (1989)
* Amitabh Bachchan (1990)
* Mohanlal (1991)
* Mithun Chakraborty (1992)
* Mammootty (1993)
* Nana Patekar (1994)
* Rajit Kapur (1995)
* Kamal Haasan (1996)
* Balachandra Menon and Suresh Gopi (1997)
* Ajay Devgn and Mammootty (1998)
* Mohanlal (1999)
* Anil Kapoor (2000)

2001–2020|

* Murali (2001)
* Ajay Devgn (2002)
* Vikram (2003)
* Saif Ali Khan (2004)
* Amitabh Bachchan (2005)
* Soumitra Chatterjee (2006)
* Prakash Raj (2007)
* Upendra Limaye (2008)
* Amitabh Bachchan (2009)
* Dhanush and Salim Kumar (2010)
* Girish Kulkarni (2011)
* Irrfan Khan and Vikram Gokhale (2012)
* Rajkummar Rao and Suraj Venjaramoodu (2013)
* Sanchari Vijay (2014)
* Amitabh Bachchan (2015)
* Akshay Kumar (2016)
* Riddhi Sen (2017)
* Ayushmann Khurrana and Vicky Kaushal (2018)
* Dhanush and Manoj Bajpayee (2019)
* Suriya and Ajay Devgn (2020)

2021–present|

* Allu Arjun (2021)
* Rishab Shetty (2022)

* v
* t
* e

Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor

1967–1980|

* A. V. M. Rajan (1967)
* M. G. Ramachandran (1968)
* Sivaji Ganesan (1969)
* Gemini Ganesan (1970)
* no award (1971)
* no award (1972)
* no award (1973)
* no award (1974)
* no award (1975)
* no award (1976)
* Kamal Haasan (1977)
* Srikanth (1978)
* Sivakumar (1979)
* Kamal Haasan (1980)

1981–2000|

* Kamal Haasan (1981)
* Sivakumar (1982)
* no award (1983)
* no award (1984)
* no award (1985)
* no award (1986)
* no award (1987)
* Vijayakanth (1988)
* Kamal Haasan (1989)
* Karthik (1990)
* Prabhu (1991)
* Kamal Haasan (1992)
* Arjun (1993)
* R. Sarathkumar (1994)
* Rajinikanth (1995)
* Kamal Haasan (1996)
* Vijay & Parthiban (1997)
* R. Sarathkumar (1998)
* Rajinikanth (1999)
* Murali (2000)

2001–present|

* Suriya (2001)
* R. Madhavan (2002)
* Vikram (2003)
* Jayam Ravi (2004)
* Vijay & Rajinikanth (2005)
* Kamal Haasan (2006)
* Rajinikanth (2007)
* Kamal Haasan (2008)
* Karan (2009)
* Vikram (2010)
* Vimal (2011)
* Jiiva (2012)
* Arya (2013)
* Siddharth (2014)
* R. Madhavan (2015)

* v
* t
* e

Padma Award winners of Kerala

Padma Vibhushan|

* Adoor Gopalakrishnan
* E. C. George Sudarshan
* E. Sreedharan
* G. Madhavan Nair
* John Matthai
* K. N. Raj
* K. R. Ramanathan
* K. Shankar Pillai
* Kottayan Katankot Venugopal
* M. S. Valiathan
* N. R. Pillai
* O. N. V. Kurup
* V. K. Krishna Menon
* V. R. Krishna Iyer
* Verghese Kurien
* K. J. Yesudas

Padma Bhushan (Male)|

* A. C. N. Nambiar
* Ammannur Madhava Chakyar
* A. Ramachandran
* A. Sreedhara Menon
* C. P. Krishnan Nair
* Chembai
* E. C. George Sudarshan
* Eledath Thaikkattu Narayanan Mooss
* G. Madhavan Nair
* G. Sankara Kurup
* Gabriel Chiramel
* George Joseph (scientist)
* Guru Kunchu Kurup
* Jacob Chandy
* K. G. Subramanyan
* K. J. Yesudas
* K. M. George
* K. M. Mathew
* K. P. Kesava Menon
* K. P. P. Nambiar
* K. P. S. Menon (senior)
* K. R. Ramanathan
* K. Radhakrishnan
* K. Sankaran Nair
* K. Shankar Pillai
* K. Sukumaran
* K. T. Thomas (Justice)
* Kandathil Mammen Cherian
* Kavalam Narayana Panicker
* Kottayan Katankot Venugopal
* Kunhiraman Palat Candeth
* Kuzhur Narayana Marar
* M. S. Valiathan
* M. T. Vasudevan Nair
* M. V. Pylee
* Madavoor Vasudevan Nair
* Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai
* Mohanlal
* O. V. Vijayan
* P. K. Warrier
* Palghat Mani Iyer
* Philipose Mar Chrysostom Mar Thoma
* Pothan Joseph
* Prem Nazir
* Raghavan Thirumulpad
* Ramankutty Nair
* Satish Nambiar #
* T. J. S. George
* T. K. Oommen
* T. N. Krishnan *
* T. V. Gopalakrishnan
* T. V. R. Shenoy
* Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
* Thayil John Cherian
* Thomas Kailath #
* Trichur V. Ramachandran
* V. K. Narayana Menon
* Vainu Bappu #
* Vallathol Narayana Menon
* Verghese Kurien

Padma Bhushan (Female)|

* Balamani Amma
* Lakshmi N. Menon
* P. Leela
* Tara Cherian #

Padma Shri (Male)|

* A. Marthanda Pillai
* A. Sivathanu Pillai
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan
* Ammannur Madhava Chakyar
* Antony Padiyara
* Ayyappa Paniker
* Azad Moopen
* B. Paul Thaliath
* B. Ravi Pillai
* Balachandra Menon
* C. G. Krishnadas Nair
* Cheril Krishna Menon
* E. Sreedharan
* Eledath Thaikkattu Neelakandan Mooss
* Eluvathingal Devassy Jemmis
* G. Aravindan
* G. Shankar
* G. Vijayaraghavan
* Gopinath Pillai
* J. Hareendran Nair
* Jayaram
* Jose Chacko Periappuram
* K. J. Yesudas
* K. M. George
* K. M. Mammen Mappillai
* K. P. Haridas
* K. P. Udayabhanu
* K. Raghavan
* K. Ravindran Nair
* K. Shankar Pillai
* Kalamandalam Gopi
* Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair
* Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri
* Kandathil Mammen Cherian
* Kandathil Mammen Philip
* Kavungal Chathunni Panicker
* Keezhpadam Kumaran Nair
* Kunhiraman Palat Candeth
* Kunnenkeril K. Jacob
* Kurian John Melamparambil
* Kuzhivelil Mathew
* Laurie Baker !
* Madhavan Chandradathan
* M. A. Yousuf Ali
* M. G. Ramachandran #
* M. Krishnan Nair (doctor)
* M. Night Shyamalan #
* M. R. Kurup
* M. S. Valiathan
* M. Vijayan
* Madhu (actor)
* Mammen Mathew
* Mammootty
* Mani Madhava Chakyar
* Mathew Kalarickal
* Mattannoor Sankarankutty
* Mitraniketan Viswanathan
* Mohanlal
* N. Balakrishnan Nair
* N. Kesava Panikkar
* N. R. Madhava Menon
* Narayana Panicker Kochupillai
* Neyyattinkara Vasudevan
* O. N. V. Kurup
* P. Gopinathan
* P. K. Narayanan Nambiar
* P. K. Rajagopalan
* P. K. Warrier
* P. Parameswaran
* Paul Pothen
* Perakath Verghese Benjamin
* Peruvanam Kuttan Marar
* Philip Augustine
* Prem Nazir
* Priyadarshan
* Pucadyil Ittoop John
* Puthenpurayil Mathew Joseph
* R. Marthanda Varma
* R. K. Krishna Kumar
* Rajagopalan Krishnan
* Resul Pookutty
* Shaji N. Karun
* Sooranad Kunjan Pillai
* Stanley John
* Sunny Varkey
* T. K. Alex
* T. N. Krishnan *
* Thayil John Cherian
* Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair
* Thilakan
* Thomas Kunnunkal
* Vaikom Muhammad Basheer
* Vazhenkada Kunchu Nair
* Vellayani Arjunan
* Verghese Kurien
* Vishnunarayanan Namboothiri

Padma Shri (Female)|

* Achamma Mathai
* Anju Bobby George
* Dipika Pallikal #
* K. M. Beenamol
* K. S. Chithra
* Kalamandalam Kshemavathy
* Kalamandalam Satyabhama
* Leela Omchery
* Lucy Oommen
* M. D. Valsamma
* M. Leelavathy
* M. Subhadra Nair
* Mary Poonen Lukose
* Mary Verghese
* P. T. Usha
* Pepita Seth !
* Rachel Thomas (skydiver)
* Shiny Abraham
* Shobana
* Sudha Varghese
* Sugathakumari
* Sukumari
* Thangam Philip
* Usha Uthup
* Lakshmikutty
* Vidya Balan *

(*)By birth - (#)By ethnicity - (!)By domicile

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