Madera County, California

County in California, United States

County in California, United States

Madera County

County

County of Madera

Images, from top down, left to right: Wassama Round House State Historic Park, Devils Postpile National Monument, Fresno Dome, Banner Peak above Thousand Island Lake, Bass Lake

Seal

Interactive map of Madera County

Location in the state of California

Country| United States
State| California
Regions| San Joaquin Valley, Sierra Nevada
Metropolitan area| Metropolitan Fresno
Incorporated| 1893
Named after| Spanish word meaning "wood"
County seat| Madera
Largest city| Madera
Government

• Type| Council–CAO
• Body| Board of Supervisors
• Chair| Leticia Gonzalez
• Chair Pro Tem| Robert Macaulay
• Board of Supervisors[1]|

Supervisors

* Jordon Wamhoff
* David Rogers
* Robert L Poythress
* Leticia Gonzalez
* Robert Macaulay

• County Administrative Officer| Jay Varney
Area

• Total

| 2,153 sq mi (5,580 km2)
• Land| 2,137 sq mi (5,530 km2)
• Water| 16 sq mi (40 km2)
Highest elevation

| 13,143 ft (4,006 m)
Population

(2020)

• Total

| 156,255
• Density| 73/sq mi (28/km2)
GDP

[2]

• Total| $7.738 billion (2022)
Time zone| UTC−8 (Pacific Time Zone)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
FIPS code| 06-039
GNIS feature ID| 277284
Congressional districts| 5th, 13th
Website| www.maderacounty.com

Madera County (/məˈdɛərə/ ⓘ), officially the County of Madera, is a county located at the geographic center of the U.S. state of California.[3] It features a varied landscape, encompassing the eastern San Joaquin Valley and the central Sierra Nevada, with Madera serving as the county seat.[4] Established in 1893 from part of Fresno County, Madera County reported a population of 156,255 in the 2020 census.[5]

"Madera," meaning "wood" in Spanish, signifies the county's historical ties to the lumber industry.[6] With a section of Yosemite National Park within its borders, Madera County has leveraged tourism as a key economic driver. Additionally, it has established itself as a leading agricultural center, renowned for its substantial production of almonds, grapes, and pistachios. Despite these economic advantages, Madera County encounters socioeconomic challenges, including a median household income that falls below the California average and poverty rates that exceed state averages, underscoring the economic disparities within the county.[7]

Madera County is characterized by its diverse population, including a pronounced Native American heritage and a history of immigration and migration dating back to the California Gold Rush. The county has a 59.6% Hispanic or Latino population and 20.3% of residents are foreign-born, both percentages surpassing the national averages. Additionally, nearly half of Madera County's population speaks a language other than English at home, reflecting its multicultural composition.[7]

## Etymology

[edit]

Logging in the Sierra, Madera County, c. 1901

Madera is the Spanish term for wood.[8] The county derives its name from the town of Madera, named when the California Lumber Company built a log flume to carry lumber to the Central Pacific Railroad there in 1876.[9]

## History

[edit]

Madera County was formed in 1893 from Fresno County during a special election held in Fresno on May 16, 1893. Citizens residing in the area that was to become Madera County voted 1,179 to 358 for separation from Fresno County and the establishment of Madera County.[10]

The Madera County Sheriff's Department employed the first woman in California to die in the line of duty as a sworn law enforcement officer—Tulare native Lucille Helm (1914–1959). For 15 years, the Madera housewife and mother of four worked on call as a "matron" assisting with female transfers.[11]

### Human History

[edit]

#### Native People

[edit]

Mono couple living near Northfork, California, ca. 1920

The region now known as Madera County was originally the territory of several Native American tribes, notably the Mono, Chukchansi, and Miwok. The Mono inhabited the upper San Joaquin River region, encompassing areas around North Fork and Crane Valley. The Chukchansi tribe lived in what are today the communities of Oakhurst, Coarsegold, Ahwahnee, and the lower foothills extending to the San Joaquin Valley. Meanwhile, the Miwok were located in the vicinity of Ahwahnee, Wawona, Mariposa, and the Yosemite Valley.[12]: 8

Following the California Gold Rush, many Native American communities were displaced, a situation exacerbated by the Mariposa War and institutionalized by the Act for the Government and Protection of Indians.[13] Despite these adversities, several communities persevered in their traditional lifestyles. However, the creation of the Sierra National Forest in 1897 introduced a citizen-only land use permit system, effectively excluding Native Americans until they were granted citizenship in 1924 through the Indian Citizenship Act.[12]: 13

### Immigration and Migration

[edit]

#### Early United States Era

[edit]

Since the area was part of Mexico until 1848, it has maintained a significant population of Mexican descent.[14] After the California Gold Rush, the region became a vibrant mosaic, drawing individuals from across the United States and beyond.[15] Chinese laborers played a key role in constructing the Madera Flume and working in the Sugar Pine lumber yards. However, their numbers declined after restrictive immigration laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act and the Immigration Act of 1917 were enacted. This led to Mexican immigrants filling the roles previously held by Chinese workers, signifying a notable change in the area's labor dynamics.[16][17]: 81

#### 20th century

[edit]

During the 1930s, Madera County became a destination for significant numbers of refugees from the Dust Bowl, primarily originating from Oklahoma and Arkansas.[18][19]

In the mid-20th century, the Bracero Program, designed to recruit labor from Mexico, played a crucial role in mitigating the agricultural labor shortages that arose during World War II and the Korean War. Advocated by the Madera County Chamber of Commerce, efforts were made to persuade the federal government to prolong the guest worker program beyond its original expiration in 1964.[20][21] Despite the program's conclusion, labor migration continued, and by the end of the century, Madera County had become increasingly dependent on a migrant workforce. As of the 1990s, this workforce was predominantly composed of Mixtecs from Oaxaca, Mexico, numbering an estimated 5,000 individuals.[22][23]

## Geography

[edit]

The highest point in Madera county is Mount Ritter standing at 13,149 feet (4,008 m).

Madera County is characterized by its diverse landscapes, encompassing the fertile San Joaquin Valley, grasslands and oak woodlands of the foothills, and the rugged Sierra Nevada mountains. A significant part of Yosemite National Park, known for its wilderness and alpine areas, lies within the county. Madera County also hosts important waterways, including parts of the San Joaquin River and several lakes and reservoirs, vital for agriculture, ecosystems, and recreation.

The county experiences a range of climates, from arid in the valley to alpine in the higher Sierra Nevada, creating diverse microclimates and environments across the area.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,153 square miles (5,580 km2), of which 2,137 square miles (5,530 km2) is land and 16 square miles (41 km2), or 0.8%, is water.[24]

Madera County is part of the Madera AVA wine region.

### National protected areas

[edit]

* Devils Postpile National Monument
* Inyo National Forest (part)
* Sierra National Forest (part)
* Yosemite National Park (part)

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1900| 6,364| | —
1910| 8,368| | 31.5%
1920| 12,203| | 45.8%
1930| 17,164| | 40.7%
1940| 23,314| | 35.8%
1950| 36,964| | 58.5%
1960| 40,468| | 9.5%
1970| 41,519| | 2.6%
1980| 63,116| | 52.0%
1990| 88,090| | 39.6%
2000| 123,109| | 39.8%
2010| 150,865| | 22.5%
2020| 156,255| | 3.6%
2024 (est.)| 165,432| [25]| 5.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[26]
1790–1960[27] 1900–1990[28]
1990–2000[29] 2010[30] 2020[31]

### 2020 Census

[edit]

Madera County's demographic composition and economic indicators reveal contrasts with both state and national averages. The county's median household income is reported at $76,920, which is below California's median of $91,551, reflecting economic disparities within the region.[32] Additionally, Madera County's poverty rate of 24.3% surpasses the state's 12.2% rate, underscoring significant economic challenges, particularly affecting children under 18, with 38.2% living in poverty.[33] Comparatively, Madera County's median income slightly exceeds the national median of $69,717. However, its poverty rate of 22.0% also exceeds the national average, indicating a notable income inequality within the county.[33]

In terms of housing, Madera County offers relatively more affordable options compared to the rest of California, with a median gross rent of $1,189 against the state's $1,870.[33] The homeownership rate in Madera County is 69.0%, which is higher than California's rate of 55.8%.[33]

The labor force participation rate in Madera County is 56.4%, which is lower than the national rate. The county has a youthful demographic, with 27.1% under 18 years old, compared to the national figure of 22.4%.[33] The percentage of elderly residents in Madera County is slightly below the U.S. average.[33]

Madera County is notable for its higher percentage of foreign-born residents at 20.3%, surpassing the national average. This contributes to the county's multicultural identity, with a significant Hispanic or Latino population of 59.6%.[33] Linguistic diversity is evident, with 46.5% of residents speaking a language other than English at home.[33] An estimated 12,500 to 15,000 people in Madera County are undocumented immigrants.[34][35]

Educational attainment in Madera County shows that 21.4% of its population holds a Bachelor's degree or higher, which is below the California average.[33]

Madera County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 1980[36] | Pop 1990[37] | Pop 2000[38] | Pop 2010[30] | Pop 2020[31] | % 1980  | % 1990  | % 2000  | % 2010  | % 2020

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

White alone (NH)  | 42,136  | 52,974  | 57,391  | 57,380  | 48,399  | 66.76%  | 60.14%  | 46.62%  | 38.03%  | 30.97%
Black or African American alone (NH)  | 2,072  | 2,294  | 4,710  | 5,009  | 4,131  | 3.28%  | 2.60%  | 3.83%  | 3.32%  | 2.64%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)  | 1,045  | 1,165  | 1,694  | 1,790  | 1,738  | 1.66%  | 1.32%  | 1.38%  | 1.19%  | 1.11%
Asian alone (NH)  | 625  | 1,084  | 1,480  | 2,533  | 3,581  | 0.99%  | 1.23%  | 1.20%  | 1.68%  | 2.29%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)  | x [39] | x [40] | 160  | 107  | 122  | 0.13%  | 0.07%  | 0.13%  | 0.07%  | 0.08%
Other race alone (NH)  | 322  | 173  | 287  | 649  | 723  | 2.04%  | 0.20%  | 0.23%  | 0.43%  | 0.46%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)  | x [41] | x [42] | 2,872  | 2,405  | 4,383  | x  | x  | 2.33%  | 1.59%  | 2.81%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)  | 16,916  | 30,400  | 54,515  | 80,992  | 93,178  | 26.80%  | 34.51%  | 44.28%  | 53.69%  | 59.63%
Total | 63,116 | 88,090 | 123,109 | 150,865 | 156,255  | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00%
Madera County, California - Places by Population, Income, and Employment Place  | Total Population  | Bachelors Degree or Higher (%)  | Total Housing Units  | Total Households  | Median Household Income  | Employment Rate (%)  | Without Health Care Coverage (%)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Ahwahnee[43] | 2,296  | 30.3  | 1,000  | 785  | $79,250  | 45.6  | 2.8
Bass Lake[44] | 575  | 59.9  | 868  | 139  | $145,083  | 38.8  | 12.6
Chowchilla[45] | 23,377  | 13  | 5,765  | 5,399  | $69,139  | 37.7  | 8.2
Coarsegold[46] | 4,144  | 22.7  | 1,837  | 1,738  | $81,814  | 49.8  | 4.9
Fairmead[47] | 1,235  | 9.5  | 374  | 394  | $53,203  | 45.3  | 10.1
La Vina[48] | 637  | 0  | 161  | 157  |  | 43.4  | 2.6
Madera[49] | 97,838  | 13.2  | 27,454  | 25,497  | $70,272  | 54  | 8.2
Madera Acres[50] | 9,162  | 11.4  | 2,554  | 2,599  | $80,221  | 51.3  | 6.8
Madera Ranchos[51] |  | 24.6  |  | 3,010  | $82,292  | 53.1  | 4.0
Nippinawasse | 434  | 0  | 188  | 172  | $71,622  | 44.9  | 27.6
Oakhurst[52] | 5,945  | 29.4  | 3,134  | 2,180  | $73,333  | 53.3  | 6.2
Parksdale[53] | 3,234  | 7.4  | 784  | 611  | $45,281  | 43.8  | 8.9
Yosemite Lakes[54] | 5,022  | 36.6  | 2,153  | 1,909  | $99,491  | 53.6  | 6.4

## Economy

[edit]

### 19th and 20th century

[edit]

Typical log felled in Sugar Pine, 1915

Madera County's origins are deeply rooted in boom-and-bust cycles, primarily driven by extractive industries. Initially, the county's economy was heavily reliant on mineral extraction and timber harvesting. Over time, agriculture and ag related industries became the predominant employer and economic force.

#### Gold

[edit]

Madera County became known for gold mining during the California Gold Rush. Madera County, created in 1893 from a portion of Fresno County, encompassed most of the region's productive gold mines. These mines, located primarily at the junction of the Sierra Nevada batholith with pre-Cretaceous schist and slate, stretched from Grub Gulch to Hildreth.[55]

Grub Gulch, located near the end of Highway 49, was a gold rush town renowned for its easily accessible gold.[56] Initially, Grub Gulch was a simple shanty town of tents, but it blossomed into a bustling community in the late 1880s, spurred by successful placer mining in nearby streams. At its peak, the town boasted five saloons, a general store, a post office, and a boarding house. Remarkably, out of the $1.35 million worth of gold extracted from Madera County, nearly $1 million originated from Grub Gulch.[55]

By the 1950s, gold production had significantly dropped, primarily from dredging operations along the Fresno, Chowchilla, and San Joaquin Rivers with almost no production after 1959.[55]

#### Tungsten

[edit]

In the mid-20th century, Madera County's High Sierra regions became prominent for their significant tungsten deposits, leading to extensive mining activities near Mammoth Lakes, Central Camp, and Fish Camp. One notable example, the Strawberry Tungsten Mine, was valued at $1 million in 1955 and had the capacity to process 310 metric tons of ore daily by 1981.[57]

However, tungsten mining in the Sierra Nevada faced challenges due to harsh winter conditions and intense competition from low-cost tungsten imports from China. These challenges were part of a broader decline in the U.S. starting in the 1980s, caused by falling market prices and economic issues, resulting in a major decrease in tungsten mining nationwide. As a result, tungsten mining in Madera County and the rest of the Sierra Nevada has stopped entirely.[58]

#### Lumber

[edit]

The record-breaking Madera log flume was 65 mi (105 km) long.

The discovery of gold was quickly followed by a high demand for lumber, which was essential for constructing sluice boxes and building early settlements. The first sawmill in the county was constructed in 1852 on the east fork of Redwood Creek, north of Oakhurst, in an area currently known as Old Corral. This mill primarily provided lumber to miners and settlers in the Coarsegold and Fresno Flats areas.[59] In 1854, Charles Converse and Bill Chitister purchased the mill and relocated it to Crane Valley, the area now known as Bass Lake.[59]

In 1872, the California Lumber Company initiated the region's first major lumber operation with a steam mill near Nelder Grove. They built a record-setting 65 mi (105 km) long log flume to Madera to float finished lumber to market.[59] Although it ran out of money in 1874, it was restructured and operated at a profit for the next four decades.[60]: 146

During the Great Depression, Madera County's lumber industry and logging railroads ceased operations. In 1941, the industry recovered when a new sawmill in North Fork was built, which used logging trucks and advanced equipment for deeper access into the Sierra National Forest. However, in the early 1990s, tighter government rules reduced forest yields, hurting the mill's profits. This downturn led to the end of Madera County's logging era in February 1994, when the last log was processed.

### 21st century

[edit]

#### Employment

[edit]

Madera County's employment sectors are a blend of traditional industries like farming and manufacturing, coupled hospitality and service-oriented fields.[61]: 8  Based on the average employment percentages from 2015 to 2022, the employment sectors in Madera County are ranked as follows:

Madera County Employment Sectors[61]: 8  Sector  | Employment Share

|

Government  | 12.71%
Farm  | 12.08%
Health & Education  | 11.08%
Wholesale & Retail Trade  | 5.45%
Leisure  | 4.26%
Professional Services  | 3.63%
Manufacturing  | 3.31%
Construction  | 2.14%
Transportation and Utilities  | 1.44%
Financial Activities  | 0.71%
Information  | 0.30%

The sectors that saw the largest decrease in the period were information (-25%), financial activities (-12.50%) and manufacturing (-5.71%). Looking towards the future, Government, Health and Education and Professional Sectors are forecast to be the fastest growing employment sectors.[61]: 8

#### Agriculture

[edit]

Madera County is heavily invested in permanent crops, with almonds as the leading commodity, followed by grapes and pistachios.[62] This area also places significant emphasis on cattle ranching and pollination services, particularly for almond cultivation, both ranking among the top five local agricultural sectors. In 2022, Madera County's overall gross crop production was valued at $1.9 billion. The county is renowned for its agricultural prowess, holding state rankings of #1 in fig production, #4 in both almonds and nuts, #4 in grape production (specifically the raisin variety), and #4 in pistachios.[63]

Leading Crops of Madera County[64] Commodity  | 2022 Rank  | 2022 Dollar Value  | 2021 Rank

|
|
|

Almonds, Nuts & Hulls  | 1  | $570,739,000  | 1
Milk  | 2  | $454,727,000  | 2
Grapes  | 3  | $233,893,000  | 3
Pistachios  | 4  | $227,873,000  | 4
Pollination  | 5  | $66,880,000  | 5
Cattle & Calves  | 6  | $62,317,000  | 6
Mandarins & Tangerines  | 7  | $45,036,000  | 7
Corn Silage  | 8  | $37,293,000  | 9
Replacement Heifers  | 9  | $34,255,000  | 8
Alfalfa, Hay & Silage*  | 10  | $26,845,000  | **

In the 1990s Mixtec farmworkers were a large presence in the southern part of the state, and were beginning to filter northwards here along with other Mexican indigenous agricultural laborers to work in the county's farms.[23]

## Education

[edit]

Madera County is mostly covered by the State Center Community College District centered on Fresno City College in Fresno. Other districts with territory within Madera County also include the West Hills Community College District and the Merced Community College District.

School districts include:[65]

Unified:

* Chawanakee Unified School District
* Firebaugh-Las Deltas Unified School District
* Golden Valley Unified School District
* Madera Unified School District
* Yosemite Unified School District \- Includes some sections zoned for K-12 and some for grades 9–12 only

Secondary:

* Chowchilla Union High School District

Elementary:

* Alview-Dairyland Union Elementary School District
* Bass Lake Joint Union Elementary School District
* Chowchilla Elementary School District
* Raymond-Knowles Union Elementary School District

## Government, policing, and politics

[edit]

### Government

[edit]

The government of Madera County is mandated by the California Constitution to have a five-member Board of Supervisors elected to staggered four-year terms. The Board of Supervisors: District 1, Brett Frazier; District 2, David Rogers; District 3, Robert Poythress; District 4, Leticia Gonzalez; District 5, Tom Wheeler; and County Administrator, Jay Varney; and staff provide for voter registration and elections, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, roads, and social services for the entire county. It is the local government for all unincorporated areas. Other elected offices include the Sheriff, Tyson Pogue; District Attorney, Sally Orme Moreno; Assessor, Brian Glover (acting); Auditor-Controller, David Richstone; Treasurer-Tax Collector, Tracy Kennedy; and Clerk/Registrar of Voters-Recorder, Rebecca Martinez.

### Policing

[edit]

#### Madera County Sheriff's Office

[edit]

The Sheriff's Office and staff provide court protection, jail administration, and coroner service for all of Madera County with its total population of approximately 156,000 residents. The Sheriff provides police patrol and detective services to the unincorporated areas of the county, which contain approximately 70,000 residents, or 45% of Madera County's total population. The Sheriff's main station and offices are in the City of Madera. There are two Sheriff's substations: Oakhurst, population 3,000, and The Madera Ranchos, population 12,000, both on Highway 41 to Yosemite National Park in the Sierras.

#### Municipal police departments

[edit]

The municipal police departments within Madera County are Madera, the county seat, population 62,000, and Chowchilla, population 19,600.

### Correctional Facilities

[edit]

Madera County has three correctional facilities. The first is the Madera County Jail, managed by the elected Sheriff. The second, Valley State Prison, is a state-run prison located in Chowchilla.[66] The third, the Central California Women's Facility, is also in Chowchilla, across from Valley State Prison. Inmates are counted in the county's census population.

### Politics

[edit]

#### Voter registration

[edit]

Population and registered voters

Total population[67] | 149,611
Registered voters[68][note 1] | 53,782  | 35.9%
Democratic[68] | 18,212  | 33.9%
Republican[68] | 23,858  | 44.4%
Democratic–Republican spread[68] | -5,646 | -10.5%
Independent[68] | 1,615  | 3.0%
Green[68] | 208  | 0.4%
Libertarian[68] | 264  | 0.5%
Peace and Freedom[68] | 131  | 0.2%
Americans Elect[68] | 0  | 0.0%
Other[68] | 191  | 0.4%
No party preference[68] | 9,303  | 17.3%

#### Cities by population and voter registration

[edit]

Cities by population and voter registration

City  | Population[67] | Registered voters[68]
[note 1] | Democratic[68] | Republican[68] | D–R spread[68] | Other[68] | No party preference[68]
Chowchilla | 18,465 | 22.5% | 30.8% | 45.1% | -14.3% | 9.0% | 18.8%
Madera | 60,221 | 26.8% | 44.9% | 33.1% | +11.8% | 6.2% | 18.4%

### Overview

[edit]

Madera is a strongly Republican county in presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976.

United States presidential election results for Madera County, California[69][note 2] Year  | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies)

|
|
|

No.  | % | No.  | % | No.  | %
2024 | 32,344  | 59.20% | 20,981  | 38.40%  | 1,307  | 2.39%
2020 | 29,378  | 54.68% | 23,168  | 43.12%  | 1,186  | 2.21%
2016 | 23,357  | 53.69% | 17,029  | 39.14%  | 3,121  | 7.17%
2012 | 22,852  | 57.23% | 16,018  | 40.11%  | 1,063  | 2.66%
2008 | 23,583  | 55.52% | 17,952  | 42.27%  | 939  | 2.21%
2004 | 24,871  | 64.02% | 13,481  | 34.70%  | 498  | 1.28%
2000 | 20,283  | 60.74% | 11,650  | 34.89%  | 1,462  | 4.38%
1996 | 16,510  | 53.85% | 11,254  | 36.70%  | 2,898  | 9.45%
1992 | 13,066  | 43.20% | 10,863  | 35.92%  | 6,316  | 20.88%
1988 | 13,255  | 54.59% | 10,642  | 43.83%  | 384  | 1.58%
1984 | 13,954  | 60.04% | 8,994  | 38.70%  | 293  | 1.26%
1980 | 10,599  | 53.58% | 7,783  | 39.35%  | 1,398  | 7.07%
1976 | 6,844  | 45.96%  | 7,625  | 51.20% | 423  | 2.84%
1972 | 7,835  | 52.61% | 6,580  | 44.18%  | 477  | 3.20%
1968 | 6,229  | 43.55%  | 6,932  | 48.47% | 1,142  | 7.98%
1964 | 4,461  | 32.18%  | 9,391  | 67.75% | 10  | 0.07%
1960 | 5,869  | 41.75%  | 8,126  | 57.81% | 62  | 0.44%
1956 | 5,239  | 42.12%  | 7,162  | 57.58% | 38  | 0.31%
1952 | 6,278  | 49.67% | 6,244  | 49.40%  | 118  | 0.93%
1948 | 3,416  | 38.03%  | 5,226  | 58.18% | 340  | 3.79%
1944 | 2,865  | 39.85%  | 4,276  | 59.47% | 49  | 0.68%
1940 | 2,653  | 31.20%  | 5,749  | 67.61% | 101  | 1.19%
1936 | 1,387  | 22.61%  | 4,646  | 75.74% | 101  | 1.65%
1932 | 1,243  | 25.22%  | 3,457  | 70.15% | 228  | 4.63%
1928 | 2,354  | 54.88% | 1,896  | 44.21%  | 39  | 0.91%
1924 | 1,518  | 42.66% | 450  | 12.65%  | 1,590  | 44.69%
1920 | 1,779  | 55.46% | 1,145  | 35.69%  | 284  | 8.85%
1916 | 1,323  | 38.01%  | 1,880  | 54.01% | 278  | 7.99%
1912 | 1  | 0.04%  | 1,154  | 47.71% | 1,264  | 52.25%
1908 | 596  | 44.85% | 574  | 43.19%  | 159  | 11.96%
1904 | 784  | 51.85% | 610  | 40.34%  | 118  | 7.80%
1900 | 764  | 49.58% | 737  | 47.83%  | 40  | 2.60%
1896 | 452  | 37.32%  | 739  | 61.02% | 20  | 1.65%

Madera is split between the 5th and 13th congressional districts,[70] represented by Tom McClintock (R–Elk Grove) and Adam Gray (D–Merced), respectively.[71]

With respect to the California State Assembly, the county is in the 5th Assembly district, represented by Republican Joe Patterson.

In the California State Senate, Madera is split between the 8th senatorial district, represented by Democrat Angelique Ashby, and the 12th senatorial district, represented by Republican Shannon Grove.[72]

On November 4, 2008, Madera County voted 73.4% for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to define marriage as a union between one man and one woman.[73]

The county is one of three counties in California to establish a separate department to deal with corrections, pursuant to California Government Code §23013, the Madera County Department of Corrections, along with Napa County and Santa Clara County. The officers receive their powers under 831 and 831.5 of the California Penal Code.[74]

## Crime

[edit]

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Population and crime rates

Population[67] | 149,611
Violent crime[75] | 685 | 4.58
Homicide[75] | 3 | 0.02
Forcible rape[75] | 36 | 0.24
Robbery[75] | 162 | 1.08
Aggravated assault[75] | 484 | 3.24
Property crime[75] | 2,144 | 14.33
Burglary[75] | 1,166 | 7.79
Larceny-theft[75][76] | 1,484 | 9.92
Motor vehicle theft[75] | 520 | 3.48
Arson[75] | 18 | 0.12

### Cities by population and crime rates

[edit]

Cities by population and crime rates

City  | Population[77] | Violent crimes[77] | Violent crime rate
per 1,000 persons  | Property crimes[77] | Property crime rate
per 1,000 persons
Chowchilla | 19,221 | 115 | 5.98 | 446 | 23.20
Madera | 62,796 | 466 | 7.42 | 1,621 | 25.81

## Attractions

[edit]

* Bass Lake
* The Balls
* Chukchansi Gold Resort & Casino
* Corlieu Falls
* Ducey's Bass Lake Lodge
* The Forks Resort
* Fresno Dome
* Hensley Lake
* Mammoth Pool Reservoir
* Madera AVA
* Nelder Grove
* The Pines Resort
* Mount Ritter
* Shuteye Peak
* Sierra Vista Scenic Byway
* Willow Creek
* Yosemite National Park

|

## Transportation

[edit]

### Major highways

[edit]

* State Route 41
* State Route 49
* State Route 99
* State Route 145
* State Route 152
* State Route 233

### Areas Inaccessible by Road

[edit]

See also: Trans-Sierra Highway

Minaret Summit, located on the border between Madera and Mono Counties, is inaccessible by road from the rest of Madera County.

In Madera County, eastern regions such as Devil's Postpile National Monument and part of Minaret Summit are isolated from the rest of the county due to a lack of connecting roads. Access to this area is primarily through Minaret Summit Road, which becomes State Route 203 upon reaching the Mono County border and leads to Mammoth Lakes. Red's Meadow Road is a further extension of this route.

A gap of less than 10 miles (16 km) separates the end of Minaret Road in the Western Sierra, which begins in North Fork and extends northeast into the Sierra, and the terminus of Red's Meadow Road in the Eastern Sierra. In the early to mid-20th century, plans were considered for building a highway or tunnel that would link the Eastern Sierra to the San Joaquin Valley through Minaret Summit. To maintain the feasibility of this project, an area southwest of Minaret Summit was intentionally left out of the Wilderness Act of 1964. This exclusion was aimed at keeping the option open for the construction of a Trans-Sierra Highway.

During his tenure as Governor of California, Ronald Reagan embarked on a horse packing trip in this area. Following this experience, Reagan aligned with conservationists to oppose the construction of the road.[78] His efforts persisted after his election as President in 1980, culminating in the designation of this area as wilderness under the California Wilderness Act of 1984.

### Public transportation

[edit]

* Madera County Connection provides service between the cities of Madera and Chowchilla. Routes also run to eastern Madera County. A connection to Fresno can be made at Valley Children's Hospital near the county line.
* The cities of Madera and Chowchilla also have their own local, intracity transit services named Madera Metro and Chowchilla Area Transit, respectively.
* Greyhound buses and Amtrak trains stop in Madera

### Airports

[edit]

* Madera Municipal Airport and Chowchilla Airport are general aviation airports.

## Communities

[edit]

Aerial view from Madera, California, toward the snow-capped Sierras. Eastman Lake (upper left) is on the border of Madera County and Mariposa County. Hensley Lake (upper right) is near the center of Madera County. Madera Lake (lower left) is on the outskirts of Madera.

### Cities

[edit]

* Chowchilla
* Madera (county seat)

### Census-designated places

[edit]

* Ahwahnee
* Bass Lake
* Bonadelle Ranchos
* Coarsegold
* Fairmead
* La Vina
* Madera Acres
* Madera Ranchos
* Nipinnawasee
* North Fork
* Oakhurst
* Parksdale
* Parkwood
* Rolling Hills
* Yosemite Lakes

### Unincorporated communities

[edit]

* Knowles
* O'Neals
* Raymond
* Ripperdan
* Sugar Pine
* Sumner Hill

### Population ranking

[edit]

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Madera County.[79]

† county seat

Rank  | City/Town/etc.  | Municipal type  | Population (2010 Census)

|
|
|

1  | † Madera | City  | 61,416
2  | Chowchilla | City  | 18,720
3  | Madera Acres | CDP  | 9,163
4  | Bonadelle Ranchos-Madera Ranchos | CDP  | 8,569
5  | Yosemite Lakes | CDP  | 4,952
6  | Oakhurst | CDP  | 2,829
7  | Parksdale | CDP  | 2,621
8  | Parkwood | CDP  | 2,268
9  | Ahwahnee | CDP  | 2,246
10  | Coarsegold | CDP  | 1,840
11  | Fairmead | CDP  | 1,447
12  | Rolling Hills | CDP  | 742
13  | Bass Lake | CDP  | 527
14  | Nipinnawasee | CDP  | 475
15  | La Vina | CDP  | 279
16  | Picayune Rancheria (Chukchansi Indians)[80] | AIAN | 69
17  | Northfork Rancheria (Mono Indians)[81] | AIAN  | 60

## See also

[edit]

* Sierra National Forest
* Nelder Grove
* Fresno Dome
* List of museums in the San Joaquin Valley
* List of school districts in Madera County, California
* Madera Community Hospital
* National Register of Historic Places listings in Madera County, California
* USS Madera County (LST-905)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
2. ^ This total comprised 943 votes for Progressive Theodore Roosevelt (who was official Republican nominee in California), 226 votes for Socialist Eugene V. Debs and 89 votes for Prohibition Party nominee Eugene W. Chafin.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Board of Supervisors | Madera County".
2. ^ "Total Gross Domestic Product for Madera, CA (MSA)". Federal Reserve Economic Data. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
3. ^ "California Geography". NETSTATE. Retrieved March 1, 2010.
4. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
5. ^ "Madera County, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
6. ^ "How Counties In State Got Their Names". Santa Ana Journal. October 21, 1935. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
7. ^ a b "Madera County, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
8. ^ Madera County, County History Archived January 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 2009.10.09.
9. ^ Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, California: Word Dancer Press. p. 798\. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
10. ^ Madera County GenWeb, Madera County History. Accessed 2017.09.01.
11. ^ "Memorial for law agents," The Madera Tribune, May 13, 2014, Pages A1 and A3
12. ^ a b Barnes, Dwight H. (2001). Miners, Lumberjacks and Cowboys: A History of Eastern Madera County. Sierra Historic Sites Association. ISBN 0-9707605-0-7.
13. ^ Freeman, Marcia Penner (2013). Willow Creek History: Tales of Cow Camps, Shake Makers & Basket Weavers. The History Press. pp. 23–29\. ISBN 978-1-60949-644-9.
14. ^ Nateras, Myrna Martínez; Stanley, Eduardo. "Latino Immigrant Civic and Political Participation in Fresno and Madera, California" (PDF). Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. p. 6.
15. ^ "Fresno Census in the 1800's". ABC30. February 28, 2010.
16. ^ "Sugar Pine's Chinatown had its revenge". The Madera Tribune. August 8, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
17. ^ Johnston, Hank (1968). Thunder in the Mountains: The Life and Times of Madera Sugar Pine (Second Edition (Revised) ed.). Costa Mesa, Calif.: Stauffer Publishing. ISBN 0-87046-017-X. OCLC 239958.
18. ^ "Dust Bowl Refugees in Madera". Madera Method Living History.
19. ^ "Maderan in Discussion on Migrants: State Chamber Told "Okies" Must Work Out Own Problems". Madera Tribune. Vol. LXXV, no. 78\. February 3, 1940.
20. ^ "Mexican Labor Slated To Arrive In August". Vol. 59, no. 283\. Madera Tribune. March 2, 1951. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
21. ^ "Farm Labor Bill Wins Approval". Vol. 72, no. 121\. Madera Tribune. November 1, 1963. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
22. ^ Mydans, Seth (August 24, 1995). "A New Wave of Immigrants On Farming's Lowest Rung". New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
23. ^ a b "Mixtec Farm Workers". Rural Migration News. Migration Dialogue. 1 (4). Regents of the University of California, Davis. 1995. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
24. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
25. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 9, 2025.
26. ^ "Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
27. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
28. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
29. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
30. ^ a b "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Madera County, California". United States Census Bureau.
31. ^ a b "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Madera County, California". United States Census Bureau.
32. ^ "California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
33. ^ a b c d e f g h i "2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
34. ^ "Undocumented Immigrants in California" (PDF). Public Policy Institute of California. March 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
35. ^ "Profile of the Unauthorized Population: Madera County, CA". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
36. ^ "California: 1980, General Social and Economic Characteristics, Part 1 - Table 59: Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
37. ^ "California: 1990, Part 1 - Table 5: Race and Hispanic Origin" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 14, 2024.
38. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Madera County, California". United States Census Bureau.
39. ^ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
40. ^ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
41. ^ not an option in the 1980 Census
42. ^ not an option in the 1990 Census
43. ^ "Ahwahnee CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
44. ^ "Bass Lake CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
45. ^ "Chowchilla City, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
46. ^ "Coarsegold CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
47. ^ "Fairmead CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
48. ^ "La Vina CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
49. ^ "Madera City, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
50. ^ "Madera Acres CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
51. ^ "2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
52. ^ "Oakhurst CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
53. ^ "Parksdale CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
54. ^ "Yosemite Lakes CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
55. ^ a b c Koschmann, A. H.; Bergendahl, M. H. (1968). "Madera County California Gold Production". USGS.
56. ^ "Monument Requested For Once Roaring Grub Gulch". Madera Tribune. Vol. 74, no. 228\. April 5, 1966.
57. ^ "Plans Told To Reopen Local Mine". Madera Tribune. Vol. 73, no. 233\. April 16, 1965.
58. ^ Carroll, Thomas R.; Schmeda, German; Karl, Nick A; Burger, Meredith H.; Long, Keith R; Reyes, Tyler A (2020). "Tungsten Deposits in the United States". USGS. doi:10.5066/P9XA8MJ4. Retrieved January 28, 2024.
59. ^ a b c Ben Hurt. "A Sawmill History of the Sierra National Forest 1852-1940" (PDF). Sierra National Forest. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 28, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
60. ^ Stenzel, Jane, ed. (2006). As We Were Told: An Oral and Written History (Third Edition (Revised) ed.). Coarsegold, California: Coarsegold Historical Society. ISBN 0-9626377-7-7.
61. ^ a b c "Madera County Economic Forecast 2021: Employment Sectors 2015-2021 History, 2022-2050 Forecast" (PDF). California Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 28, 2024.
62. ^ "Madera County, California, farmers feel the pain of groundwater rules". Fruit Growers News. April 22, 2022. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
63. ^ "County Agriculture Stats". Madera County Farm Bureau. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
64. ^ "2022 Crop & Livestock Report". Madera County Department of Agriculture. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
65. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Madera County, CA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2022. \- Text list
66. ^ "Valley State Prison (VSP)". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
67. ^ a b c U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
68. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration Archived July 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
69. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
70. ^ "Counties by County and by District". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Archived from the original on September 30, 2013. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
71. ^ "California's 4th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
72. ^ "Communities of Interest — County". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
73. ^ Bowen, Debra (2008). Statement of Vote November 4th, 2008, General Election (PDF). California: California Secretary of State. p. 13.
74. ^ "California Penal Code - PEN". FindLaw. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
75. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
76. ^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
77. ^ a b c United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved November 14, 2013.
78. ^ Skelton, George (July 28, 1997). "The Man in the White Hat Who Saved the Sierra". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
79. ^ 2010 Census
80. ^ 2010 Census Interactive Population Search
81. ^ 2010 Census Interactive Population Search

## External links

[edit]

* Official website
* Madera County GenWeb - Genealogy
* Madera County History—Transcription of 1933 document on the county's history
* Oakhurst Area Chamber of Commerce
* Yosemite Sierra Visitors Bureau
* Madera Tribune, newspaper for the western half of the county founded March 31, 1892
* Superior Court of Madera County
* Madera County Library
* Madera Community Hospital
* Madera Values Quarterly Magazine

* v
* t
* e

Places adjacent to Madera County, California

| Merced County | Mariposa County | Tuolumne County and Mono County

|
|

|  |
Fresno County |

Madera County, California

|  |
| Fresno County |

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Madera County, California, United States

County seat: Madera

Cities|

* Chowchilla
* Madera

Madera County map

CDPs|

* Ahwahnee
* Bass Lake
* Bonadelle Ranchos
* Coarsegold
* Fairmead
* La Vina
* Madera Acres
* Madera Ranchos
* Nipinnawasee
* North Fork
* Oakhurst
* Parksdale
* Parkwood
* Rolling Hills
* Yosemite Lakes

Other
unincorporated
communities|

* Ahwahnee Estates
* Berenda
* Borden
* Central Camp
* Dairyland
* Daulton
* Fresno Crossing
* Hildreth
* Indian Lakes Estates
* Knowles
* Madera Highlands
* Minturn
* O'Neals
* Raymond
* Ripperdan
* South Fork
* Sugar Pine
* Sumner Hill
* Trigo
* Whisky Falls
* Yosemite Forks
* Yosemite Lakes Park

Indian
reservations|

* Northfork Rancheria
* Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians

Ghost towns|

* Bailey Flats
* Califa
* Cascadel
* Fort Miller
* Grub Gulch
* Magnet
* Millerton
* Minarets
* Narbo
* Tyler
* Willow Glen
* Wishon

Mining areas|

* Fine Gold Gulch

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Cities and towns
100k–250k|

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Cities and towns
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Cities and towns
10k–25k|

* Arvin
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Metro regions|

* Fresno–Madera
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Counties|

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National|

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Other|

* NARA

37°13′N 119°46′W﻿ / ﻿37.22°N 119.77°W﻿ / 37.22; -119.77
*[c.]: circa
*[Pop.]: Population
*[%±]: Percent change
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template