Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area

Linguistic area of South America

Map of the locations of the indigenous settlements of Bolivia

The Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area is a linguistic area that includes over a dozen South American language families and isolates of the Mamoré–Guaporé region of eastern lowland Bolivia (the Llanos de Moxos and Chiquitania regions) and Brazil (Rondônia[1] and Mato Grosso states).[2]

## Languages

[edit]

Crevels and van der Voort (2008) propose a Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area in eastern lowland Bolivia (in Beni Department and Santa Cruz Department) and Rondônia and northwestern Mato Grosso, Brazil. In Bolivia, many of the languages were historically spoken at the Jesuit Missions of Moxos and also the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos. Language families and branches in the linguistic area are as follows.[3]

* Chapacuran languages
* Tacanan languages
* a few Panoan languages
* Nambikwaran languages
* the Arawakan languages Moxo, Bauré, Paunaka, and other related varieties

Tupian branches in the Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area are:

* Ramarama languages
* Puruborá language
* Mondé languages
* Tupari languages
* Arikem languages
* Guarayo languages (Tupi–Guarani group)
* some Guarani dialects (Tupi–Guarani group)

Macro-Jê branches in the Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area are:

* Jabutian languages
* Rikbaktsá language
* Chiquitano (sister branch of Macro-Jê)

Language isolates in the linguistic area are:

* Cayuvava
* Itonama
* Movima
* Chimane/Mosetén
* Canichana
* Yuracaré
* Leco
* Mure
* Aikanã
* Kanoê
* Kwazá
* Irantxe
* Arara

## Linguistic features

[edit]

Areal features include:[3]

* a high incidence of prefixes
* evidentials
* directionals
* verbal number
* lack of nominal number
* lack of classifiers
* inclusive/exclusive distinction

Pieter Muysken et al. (2014) also performed a detailed statistical analysis of the Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area.[4]

## Reconstruction of Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé

[edit]

Reconstruction of Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé language according to Jolkesky 2016:[5]

Number | Gloss | Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé | Ignaciano | Trinitário | Paunáka | Paikonéka | Bauré

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1. | abóbora | *mokuβɨ-re | makure | mkure | *mukubɨre | *mokoβire | mokovis
2. | água | *ɨne | une | une | ɨne | ina | *ine
3. | algodão | *kɔhɔ-re | kaha-re | kho-re | kuhu-e | kohoβu-re | kahawo-r
4. | amendoim | *kɨrike-re | kurike-re | kriç-re | kɨike | - | *kirike-re
5. | animal doméstico | *pero | -pera | -pero | peu | - | -per
6. | anta | *samo | sama | samo | samu | i-somo | som
7. | arco-íris | *ɔ | a-{ʔe} | o-{ʔe} | u-{e} | - | {ni}-aʔ
8. | arraia | *ihino | ihina | hino-mo | ihinu | ihino | *sinu-mpe
9. | árvore | *βoku | - | βku-çi | - | {ape}-oko | -wok(o)
10. | asa | *-poβo | -paβa | -poβo | *-pubu | - | *-powo
11. | assar | *-himo- | -a-hima-ka- | -o-hmo-ko- | -himu-k- | - | -himo- ‘queimar’
12. | avó | *-oʦe | -aʦe | -oʦe | -use | - | *-ose
13. | avô | *-ɔʧɨko | -aʧuka | -oʧko | *-uʧiku | - | *-aʃiko
14. | bêbado | *-kɔβɨ- | -kaβa-ʔa- | -koβo-o- | -kubɨ-u- | - | -kavi-
15. | beber, tomar | *-er-o- | -er-a- | -er-o- | -e- | - | -er(o)-
16. | beija-flor | *piʦe | pitse | pitse | pise ‘pássaro’ | pite | *pite
17. | bicho-de-pé | *kitu-re | situ-re | stu-re | kitu-e | *sito-ri | \-
18. | bicho-preguiça | *puʔe | puʔe | puʔe | pue | - | poʔe
19. | boca | *-nukɨ | -nuku ‘bocado’ | {hii}-nuku ‘bigode’ | *-nukɨ | - | -noki
20. | brasas | *e-moni-ki | e-mani-ki | -moni | e-muni-ki | - | *e-moni-si
21. | cana | *kute-nɔ | akute-na | ʔkute-no | - | kote-na-se | kote-n
22. | cantar | *-akɔ- | - | - | -aku-suni | -aka- | -ak-
23. | capivara  | *uʧɨ | uʧu | uʧu | *uʧɨ | *aʔ-oʧi | oʃ(i)
24. | carão | *koʧu-re | kaʧu-re | kʧu-re | - | - | koʃo-r
25. | carne | *-eʧe | -eʧe | -eʧe | -eʧe | - | -eʃ
26. | casa | *pe-nɔ | -pe-na (dep) | -pe-no (dep) | - | - | -pe-n ‘toca’
27. | céu | *anɨ | anu-ma | anu-mo | anɨ-mu | ani | ani
28. | chifre | *-hiʔɨ | -hiʔu | -hiʔu | *-hiɨ | -hi | -hiʔ
29. | chorar | *-ijɔ- | -ija-ʔ-a | -ijo-ʔ-o | -ju- | -ʧo- | -ja-
30. | comer | *-ni-ko- | -ni-ka- | -ni-ko- | -ni-k- | -ni-ko- | -ni-(k)-
31. | cortar | *-ʧu-ko- | -e-ʧuka- | -ʧukoʔo- | - | - | a-ʃok-
32. | cupim | *moto-rɨ | mata-ru | mto-ru | - | moto-ri-pa ‘cupinzeiro’ | moto-ri
33. | cutia | *peri | peʔi | peʔi | pei | peri | peri
34. | dedo | *-βoʔɨ-ki | -βau-ki | -βu-çi | -buɨ | *-βoʔi-ne-si | *-woʔi-si
35. | defecar | *-sɔ- | -sa-ka- | -so-ko- | - | - | -sa-(p)-
36. | doente | *-huma | -ka-huma | -ko-hma | - | - | *-hom
37. | doer | *-koti | -kati | -koti(-ʧo) | -kuti ‘doente’ | -koti ‘doente’ | -koti-c-
38. | dois | *api- | api- | api- | - | - | api-n
39. | dormir | *-imo-ko- | -ima-ka- | im-ko- | -imu-k- | -mo-k-o- | -imo-k-
40. | enguia | *iti-re | iti-re | ʔti-re-pi | iti-e | oti-ra | *iti-re
41. | entrar | *-kiɔpo- | -siapa- | -siop- | bɨ-kupu- | - | -siap-
42. | esposa | *-jeno | -jena | -jeno | -jenu | - | -jeno
43. | espremer | *kopiti-ko- | -kapiti-ka- | -kopʧa-ko- | kupiti-k- | - | kopiti-e-k-
44. | esquerda | *-sɔpa | -sapa | -sopa | - | - | -sap
45. | folha | *-po- | -pa-ka-hi | -po-ko-hi | -pu-ne | - | -po-n
46. | formiga | *koʦi-rɨ | kaʧi-ru | kʧi-ru | kusi-u | koʧi-ri | koʃi-ri
47. | fritar | *-surɨ- | -suru-ka- | -suu-ko- | - | - | -sori-
48. | fruta | *-ʔi | -ʔi | -ʔi | -i | -ʔi | *-ʔi
49. | galho | *-aβo | -t-aβa | -t-aβo(-hi) | - | - | *-awo
50. | genro | *-ʧina | -ʧina | -ʧina | - | - | ʃinaʔ
51. | grande | *ʧo | i-ʧa-pe | ʔ-ʧo-pe | - | - | ʧo
52. | grilo | *βiʦi | βiʧi | βiʧi | bisi | βiʧi | viʃi
53. | homem | *hirɔ | a-haira | ʔ-hiro | - | - | hir(a)
54. | ir | *-jono- | -jana- | -jono- | -jun- | -ʧono- | -jon(o)-
55. | jacaré | *kɔhiɨ-re | kahiu-re | khʸu-re | kuhibu-e | *kohi-re | kahi-re
56. | jacutinga | *huβi | huβi | huβi | *e-hubi | - | hovi-r(e)
57. | lago | *kɔkiɨ | kakiu-re | koçu-re | - | - | aki
58. | lavar | *-kipɔ- | -sipa-ka- | -sip-ko- | kipu-ch- | - | -sipa
59. | levar | *-ɔmo- | -ama- | -omo- | -um- | - | -amo-
60. | língua | *-nene | -nene | -nene | -pe-nene | i-pe-ne | -pe-nene
61. | lobo-guará | *okɔrɔ | akara-ma | okro-mo | - | - | okara-nan
62. | lua | *kohe | kahe | kohe | kuhe | kehe-re | kihe-r
63. | luz, iluminar | *-mika- | -mika-ʔu | -mik-ʔu | - | - | -mika-
64. | macaco | *ijo | ija | ijo | iju | iʧo-re | ijo-re
65. | madeira | *jɔkɨ-ki | juku-ki | jku-çi | jɨkɨ-ke | ʧaki-se | *jaki-se
66. | maduro | *-jɔ- | -ja-ʔa- | -jo-ʔo- | - | - | -ja-k-
67. | mãe | *-eno | -ena | -eno | -enu | *-eno | -en(o)
68. | mama, teta | *-ʧeni | -ʧene | -ʧene | -ʧene | - | *-ʃeni
69. | mamar | *(-ɔ)-hi-ko- | -ahi-ka- | -oh-ko- | -uhi-k- | - | -hi-k-
70. | mandioca | *kɨha | kuhu | kuh-pa | kɨha-pi | - | kaha-p
71. | mão | *-βoʔɨ | -βaʔu | -βoʔu ‘pulso’ | -buɨ | *-βoʔi | -wo-
72. | medo | *-piko- | -pika- | -piko- | -i-pik- | - | -piko-
73. | milho | *moke | a-maki | ʔ-moçi | a-muke | o-mose | mos
74. | morcego | *βite | βite | βite | bite | βite-re | vite-r
75. | morrer | *-epeno- | -epena- | -epeno- | - | - | -epen(o-)
76. | mosquito | *aniʔɨ | aniʔu | *ʔniʔu | anibɨ | oni | *aniʔ
77. | mulher | *eʦeno | esena | ʔseno | -senu | *-iteno | eteno
78. | mutum | *ukuʔi | ukuʔi | ʔkuʔi | - | - | wokoij
79. | nariz | *-siri | -siri | -siri | - | -sere-ki | -siri-ki
80. | ninho | *-moko | -maka-hi | -moko-hi | -muku-hi | - | ʃira-mok
81. | noite | *joti | jati | joti | juti | - | *joti-ʔe
82. | nuvem | *ɨko | uka-hi | uko-hi | ɨku ‘chuva’ | iko ‘chover’ | \-
83. | olho | *-βɨki | -uki-{ʔa} | -uç-{ʔa} | -bɨke | *-βiki-s(e) | -iki-se
84. | onça | *iʧini | iʧini | ʔʧini | isini | iʧene | iʃini
85. | orelha | *-ʧoka | -ʧaka-pe | -ʧoka | -ʧuka | - | -ʧok
86. | osso | *-(n)ope | ij-ape | ʔj-ope-çi | e-upe | *e-nope | *e-nope
87. | ouvir | *-samo- | -sama- | -samo- | -samu- | - | *-samo-
88. | pai | *-ija | -ija | -ija | -ia | - | iaʔ
89. | palmeira (bacuri) | *koʧi | kaʧi | koʧ-no | - | koʧi | koʃ
90. | pato | *pohi | u-pahi | ʔ-pohi | u-puhi | i-pohi | ʔ-pohi
91. | pato roncador | *βonono | βanana | βnono | - | - | wonon
92. | peixe | *himo | hima | himo | himu | ʔimo | *himo
93. | pele | *-(ʧ)uma | -uma-ma | -um-mo | - | i-tioma | *-ʧoma
94. | pequeno | *-ʧepi | *-iʧepi-ʧu | *-ʔ-ʧeʔ-ʧu | -ʧepi-tɨ | - | -t-iʃepi
95. | pescoço | *-pike-(nɨ) | -pike-nu | -piçe-nu | *-pike-nɨ | - | *-pihe
96. | pessoa | *oʧane | aʧane | ʔʧane | uʧane | oʧane ‘homem’ | *oʧane
97. | pimenta | *ʧeti | i-ʧeti | ʔ-ʧeti | u-ʧeti | *e-ʧeti | *ʃeti
98. | piolho | *-ine | -iɲe | -iɲe | -ine | - | *-ine
99. | piranha | *urɨmɔ | uruma | ʔrumo | *ɨmu | orimo | orima
100. | porco | *ʦimo-rɨ | tsimaru | *ʦmoru | - | simori | simori
101. | pulmão | *-haha | -haha | -haha | - | - | -hah
102. | queimado | *-hɨ- | -i-hu- | -i-hu- | i-hɨ-e- | - | -him(o)-
103. | rabo | *-ihi-ki | -ihi-ki | -ih-çi | *-ihi | - | -ihi-s
104. | raposa | *ʧɨje | ʧuje | ʧuje | - | ʧiʔe | ʃijeʔ
105. | rato | *koʦo | kaʦa | koʦo | kusu | *koso | kosio (Língua muxojeóne)
106. | responder | *-kopo- | -hi-kapa- | -hi-kpo- | ha-kup- | - | -kopo-nia
107. | roedor | *majuko | majuka ‘preá’ | mjuko ‘coelho’ | - | *maʧoko ‘preá’ | majak ‘preá’
108. | rosto | *-mirɔ | -mira | -miro | -miu-iɨke | -{mi}miro | -mira
109. | saber | *-ʧo- | -eʧa- | -eʧo- ‘lembrar’ | *-eʧu-na- | - | -ʧo-
110. | sangue | *-iti | iti | iti | -iti | - | -iti
111. | sobrinho/a | *-ʧe-(hi) | -ʧe-hi | -ʧe-ra | - | - | -ʃi-h
112. | sogra | *-mose | -i-mase | -i-mse | -muse | - | -mos
113. | sogro | *-moʧɨuko | -i-maʧuka | -i-mʧuko | - | - | -moʃok
114. | tartaruga | *kipɨ | sipu | sipu | kipɨ | sipi{-ra} | {ko-}sip(o)
115. | terminar | *-ito- | -ita- | -ito- | - | - | -eto-
116. | terra | *moʦe | mate-hi | mote-hi | mute-hi | mose | *mose
117. | tia | *-aka | -aka ‘tia avó’ | - | - | - | -aka
118. | tio | *-kɨko | -e-kuka | - | -kɨku | - | -kik
119. | tomar banho | *-koβo- | -kaβa- | -koβo- | -kub- | - | -kowo-{jo-}
120. | trazer | *-ɔpɔ- | -n-apa-na- |  | -upu-n- | - | -apa-
121. | três | *mopo- | mapa- | mopo-na | - | - | mpo-na
122. | urucum | *nire | i-nire | ʔ-nire | - | - | nir
123. | veado | *kɔhɔβɔ | kahaβa | khoβo | kusubu | kohoβo | kahaw
124. | veado | *mukɔ | muka | muko |  |  | moka
125. | velho | *-ʧɔ, *-ʧo | i-ʧa-si | ʔ-ʧo-si | -ʧu-bui | e-ʧo | \-
126. | veneno | *mɔti | -mati | ʔ-moti | - | - | mati
127. | ver | *-imoʔɔ- | -ima-ʔa- | -im-ʔo- | -mu- | -ʔimo-ʔa- | \-
128. | vespa | *hane | hane | hane | hane | - | hane
129. | voar | *-ɔro- | -ara- | -oro- | - | - | -aro-

## See also

[edit]

* Linguistic areas of the Americas
* Chaco linguistic area
* Languages of Rondônia (Portuguese Wikipedia)
* Indigenous languages of South America

## Further reading

[edit]

* Crevels, M. & van der Voort, H. (2008). The Guaporé-Mamoré region as a linguistic area. In Muysken, P. (eds.), From linguistic areas to areal linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co. doi:10.1075/slcs.90.04cre
* Muysken, Pieter; Hammarström, Harald; Birchall, Joshua; Van Gijn, Rik; Krasnoukhova, Olga; Müller, Neele (2014). Linguistic areas: bottom-up or top-down? The case of the Guaporé-Mamoré. In: Comrie, Bernard; Golluscio, Lucia. Language Contact and Documentation / Contacto lingüístico y documentación. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 205–238.
* Maldi, Denise. 1991. O Complexo Cultural do Marico: Sociedades Indígenas dos Rios Branco, Colorado e Mequens, Afluentes do Médio Guaporé. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Antropologia, vol. 7(2), p. 209-269.
* Meireles, Denise Maldi. 1989. Guardiães da fronteira: Rio Guaporé, século XVIII. Petrópolis: Vozes. ISBN 85-326-0017-4.
* Meirelles, Denise Maldi & Meirelles, Apoena. 1984. Tribos extintas e migrações indígenas em Rondônia (Do século XVII até os primeiros decênios do século XX). Anuário de Divulgação Científica, v. 10, p. 134-45. Goiânia: Universidade Católica de Goiás.
* Nimuendajú, Curt. 1925. As tribus do alto Madeira. Journal de la Société des Américanistes, 17: 137–172.
* Ramirez, Henri. 2006. As línguas indígenas do Alto Madeira: estatuto atual e bibliografia básica. Língua Viva, vol. 1, n. 1.
* Ramirez, Henri. 2010. Etnônimos e topônimos no Madeira (séculos XVI-XX): um sem-número de equívocos. Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica, v. 2 n. 2, p. 179-224.
* Sampaio, W. & da Silva Sinha, V. (2011). Fieldwork data from languages in Rondônia. Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics (DiACL).

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Cronhamn, Sandra (2013). The spread of cultural vocabulary in Rondônia. B.A. honors thesis, Lund University.
2. ^ van der Voort, Hein (2008). Interethnic contact in the Guaporé region and its linguistic consequences. Lund University, 2008-06-03.
3. ^ a b Crevels, Mily; van der Voort, Hein (2008). "4. The Guaporé-Mamoré region as a linguistic area". From Linguistic Areas to Areal Linguistics. Studies in Language Companion Series. Vol. 90\. pp. 151–179\. doi:10.1075/slcs.90.04cre. ISBN 978-90-272-3100-0. ISSN 0165-7763.
4. ^ Muysken, Pieter; Hammarström, Harald; Birchall, Joshua; Van Gijn, Rik; Krasnoukhova, Olga; Müller, Neele (2014). Linguistic areas: bottom-up or top-down? The case of the Guaporé-Mamoré. In: Comrie, Bernard; Golluscio, Lucia. Language Contact and Documentation / Contacto lingüístico y documentación. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 205-238.
5. ^ Jolkesky, Marcelo (2016). Uma reconstrução do proto-mamoré-guaporé (família arawák). LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 16(1), 7-37. doi:10.20396/liames.v16i1.8646164

## External links

[edit]

* Amazonian Languages of Rondônia and Bolivia collection, Leiden University
* Language diversity of the Guaporé region

* v
* t
* e

Indigenous language families and isolates of South America

Based on Campbell 2024 classification

Language families
and isolates|

* Arawakan

| Je–Tupi–Carib ?|

* Cariban
* Tupian

| Macro-Jê sensu stricto|

* Jê
* Jabutian
* Jaikó †
* Kamakã †
* Karajá
* Krenakan *
* Maxakalian
* Ofayé
* Rikbaktsá

|

Eastern Brazil|

* Karirian †
* Chiquitano
* Guató *
* Purí–Coroado †
* Taruma *
* Xukurú †
* Yaté

Orinoco (Venezuela)|

* Otomacoan †
* Sáliban
* Ticuna–Yuri
* Yanomaman
* Arutani *
* Betoi †
* Guamo †
* Hodï
* Máku †
* Sapé †
* Warao
* Yaruro

Andes (Colombia and Venezuela)|

* Jirajaran †
* Paezan
* Timotean †
* Tiniguan *
* Andaquí †
* Cofán
* Camsá

Amazon (Colombia, Japurá–Vaupés area)|

* Andoque–Urequena
* Boran
* Guajiboan
* Kakwa-Nukak
* Nadahup
* Puinave
* Tucanoan
* Witotoan

Pacific coast (Colombia and Ecuador)|

* Barbacoan
* Chibchan
* Chocoan
* Esmeralda †
* Yurumanguí †

Pacific coast (Peru)|

* Cañari–Puruhá †
* Mochica †
* Sechura †
* Tallán †
* Catacaos †
* Colán †

Amazon (Peru)|

* Cahuapanan
* Chicham
* Hibito–Cholon †
* Pano–Tacanan
* Peba–Yagua
* Zaparoan
* Candoshi
* Munichi †
* Omurano †
* Taushiro *
* Tequiraca †
* Urarina
* Waorani

Amazon (west-central Brazil)|

* Arawan
* Harákmbut–Katukinan
* Muran
* Matanawí †
* Trumai

Mamoré–Guaporé|

* Bororoan
* Chapacuran
* Mosetenan
* Nambikwaran
* Aikanã
* Arara do Rio Branco †
* Canichana †
* Cayubaba
* Itonama *
* Irantxe
* Kanoê *
* Kwazá
* Leco †
* Movima
* Yuracaré

Andes (Peru, Bolivia, and Chile)|

* Araucanian
* Aymaran
* Quechuan
* Uru–Chipaya
* Culle †
* Kunza †
* Puquina †

Chaco–Pampas|

* Charruan *
* Chonan †
* Guaicuruan
* Huarpean †
* Lule–Vilelan †
* Matacoan
* Mascoyan
* Zamucoan
* Guachí †
* Payaguá †

Far South (Chile)|

* Qawasqaran
* Chono †
* Yaghan †

Proposed groupings|

* Duho
* Macro-Andean
* Macro-Arawakan
* Macro-Chibchan
* Macro-Jibaro
* Macro-Otomákoan
* Macro-Paesan
* Macro-Panoan
* Macro-Puinavean
* Mura–Matanawí
* Macro-Warpean
* Arutani–Sape
* Bora–Witoto
* Esmeralda–Yaruroan
* Je–Tupi–Carib
* Katembri–Taruma
* Mataco–Guaicuru
* Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
* Moseten–Chonan
* Quechumaran
* Saparo–Yawan
* Chimuan
* Tequiraca–Canichana
* Wamo–Chapakura
* Sechura–Catacao
* Amerind

Unclassified|

* Aguano †
* Anserma †
* Arma †
* Baenan †
* Bagua †
* Cabixi †
* Caimbé †
* Catuquinaru †
* Chachapoya †
* Comechingón †
* Copallen †
* Diaguita †
* Gamela †
* Gorgotoqui †
* Himarimã
* Humahuaca †
* Isolado do Tanarú †
* Kambiwá †
* Kapinawá †
* Katembri †
* Majena †
* Malibu †
* Mure †
* Natú †
* Otí †
* Pankararú †
* Palta †
* Panche †
* Paratió †
* Patagón †
* Pijao †
* Querandí †
* Quingnam †
* Ramanos †
* Sacata †
* Sanavirón †
* Sinú †
* Tapajó †
* Tarairiú †
* Truká †
* Tremembé †
* Tuxá †
* Wakoná †
* Wamoé †
* Wasu †
* Xokó †

Linguistic areas|

* Chaco
* Mamoré–Guaporé
* Amazonian

Countries|

* Argentina
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Colombia
* Chile
* Ecuador
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Venezuela
* Guyana
* Suriname
* French Guiana

Lists|

* Languages
* Extinct languages
* Marañón River basin
* Unclassified languages
* Classification
* Linguistic areas

† indicates an extinct language, italics indicates independent status of a language, bold indicates that a language family has at least 6 members, * indicates moribund status

* v
* t
* e

Jesuit Missions of Moxos

Missions|

* Loreto
* Trinidad
* San Ignacio
* San Javier
* San Borja
* Santos Reyes
* Exaltación
* San Joaquín
* Santa Ana
* Santa Magdalena

Peoples|

* Mojo
* Baure
* Canichana
* Movima
* Cayuvava
* Itonama
* Tsimané

Languages|

* Moxo
* Baure
* Canichana
* Movima
* Cayubaba
* Itonama
* Tsimané
* Reyesano
* Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area

| Chapacuran|

* Itene
* Chapacura
* Napeca
* Rocorona
* Quitemo

|

Geography|

* Beni savanna
* Beni Department

* v
* t
* e

Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos

List

World Heritage Sites|

* San Xavier
* San Rafael de Velasco
* San José de Chiquitos
* Concepción
* San Miguel de Velasco
* Santa Ana de Velasco

Other sites|

* San Ignacio de Velasco
* Santiago de Chiquitos
* San Juan Bautista
* Santo Corazón
* San Ignacio de Zamucos

Cathedrals|

* Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Concepción
* St. Ignatius Cathedral, San Ignacio de Velasco

Peoples|

* Chiquitano
* Ayoreo

Languages|

* Chiquitano
* Migueleño Chiquitano
* Gorgotoqui
* Otuke
* Ayoreo
* Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area

Geography|

* Chiquitania

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[†]: Extinct