Manbhum

East Indian district during the British Raj

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Manbhum" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

|

Manbhum

1833–1947

District map of Bengal administration
Capital|  • Manbazar
• Purulia[1]
Area|

• 1833

| 20,449 km2 (7,895 sq mi)

• 1901

| 4,147 km2 (1,601 sq mi)
Population|

• 1901

| 1,301,364

• 1931

| 1,810,890
History|
History|

• Formation

| 1833

• Accession to the Union of India

| 1947

• Bifurcation

| 1956
Today part of| West Bengal: Purulia

Jharkhand: Dhanbad

* Bokaro
* Ranchi
* Saraikela Kharsawan
* East Singhbhum

Manbhum District was one of the districts of the East India during the British Raj.[2] After India's independence, the district became a part of Bihar State. Upon the reorganization of the Indian states in the mid-1950s, the Manbhum district was partitioned based on language. The Bengal-speaking areas were included in West Bengal, while the rest were kept with Bihar (present-day Jharkhand).

## Etymology[edit]

Manbhum gets its name from the 16th century military general Man Singh I who is known for his conquests Of Bihar, Odisha and parts of Bengal. He later also served as the governor (Subahdar) of this region during the reign of King Akbar.[3]

In other versions, the district name derived from Manbazar or Manbhum khas parganas. The headquarters of Jangal mahal region from around 1833 to 1838, when the district was formed.[4]

## History[edit]

Manbhum under Panchet and Medinipur administration, 1776

In 1833, the East India Company formed the Manbhum district with its headquarters in Manbazar, covering an area of 7,896 square miles, by dividing the Jungle-Mahal region to enhance administrative efficiency. In 1838, the headquarters shifted to Purulia, and over the following years, the district underwent several divisions. These divisions occurred in 1845, 1846, 1871, and finally, in 1879, reducing its size to 4,112 square miles. In 1912, Manbhum became a part of the Bihar and Orissa Province.

Manbhum in Bihar and Orissa Province of Bengal Presidency, 1912.

On 1 April 1936, the Bihar and Orissa Province was partitioned into two separate provinces Bihar and Orissa on the basis of language, though Manbhum continued to remain a part of Bihar. Post-independence, linguistic tensions emerged in the district due to imposition of Hindi language over the native Bengali-speaking majority. This led to the establishment of the "State Reorganization Commission" on December 23, 1953. The commission recommended the creation of a new district named "Purulia," primarily for Bengali speakers, by carving it out of the former Manbhum district in Bihar. The proposed Purulia district included 19 police stations from Manbhum, while 10 police stations from the Dhanbad sub-division and 2 police stations from the Purulia sub-division of Manbhum remained in Bihar.

Subsequently, three police stations of West Bengal —Patamda, Ichagarh, and Chandil—were transferred to Bihar upon a special request from TISCO, Jamshedpur. The "Bengal-Bihar Border Demarcation" Bill was passed in Parliament on August 17, 1956, and in Rajya Sabha on August 28, 1956, ultimately receiving the signature of the President of India on September 1, 1956. Consequently, on November 1, 1956, Purulia officially became a part of West Bengal, comprising 16 police stations, covering an area of 2,007 square miles, and hosting a population of 1,169,097. However, other areas, including Patamda, Ichagarh, and Chandil, continued to remain under the jurisdiction of Bihar. Furthermore, on November 15, 2000, South Bihar was bifurcated to form a separate state called Jharkhand due to demographic disparities between North Bihar and South Bihar. Today, these areas form parts of the Dhanbad, Bokaro, Ranchi, Saraikela Kharsawan and East Singhbhum districts in Jharkhand.

## Demographics[edit]

Language of Manbhum

Bengali (67.52%)

Hindi (17.76%)

Santali (13.37%)

Koda (0.26%)

Bhumij (0.16%)

Other (0.93%)

As of the 1931 census, the Manbhum district recorded a total population of 1,810,890, with 940,009 males and 870,881 females. In terms of linguistic diversity, Bengali constituted the majority with 1,222,689 individuals, followed by Hindi speakers at 321,690 and the Santal community at 242,091. Other noteworthy linguistic groups encompassed Koda (4,623), Bhumij (2,918), Gujarati (1,912), Kharia (1,995), Marwadi (1,774), Odia (1,563), Karmali (1,568), Telegu (1,332), Kurukh (946), Naipal (662), Punjabi (661), Mundari (789), Tamil (525), Mahali (312), and Ho (57).[5]

In terms of social demographics, the Kuṛmi comprises the largest percentage at 17.84%, followed by Santal at 15.59%. Other significant caste groups include Bauri (6.7%), Bhumij (5.74%), Brahman (4.58%), Kumhar (3.15%), Jolha (3.12%), Teli (2.68%), Goala, Ahir and Yadav (2.26%), Rajwar (2.15%), Kamar (1.95%), Bhuiya (1.86%), Rajput (1.7%), Hajam/Nai(1.38%), Dom (1.36%), Hari (1.15%), Ghatwar (0.98%), Mochi (0.94%), Kora (0.86%), Kayastha (0.8%), Dhobi (0.79%), Kahar (0.78%), Tanti (0.65%), Mahli (0.6%), Bania (0.56%), Koiri (0.54%), Chamar (0.51%), and Kewat (0.5%).[5]

## See also[edit]

* Jungle Mahals
* Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
* Bihar and Orissa Province

## References[edit]

1. ^ The Calcutta Review. 1869. p. 116.
2. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Manbhum" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 542.
3. ^ Roy, B. C. (1950). "Raja Mansingh and the Final Conquest of Orissa by the Mughals". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 13: 243–253. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44140922.
4. ^ Coupland 1911, p. 1–2.
5. ^ a b Lacey, W. G. (1932). Census Of India 1931 – Bihar and Orissa. Vol. VII. Part II, Tables. p. 138.

### Source[edit]

* Coupland, H. (1911). Bengal District Gazetteers Manbhum. The Bengal Secretariat Book Depot Calcutta. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Alt URL
* Bhattacharya, Birendra ku. (1985). Bengal District Gazetteers (Purulia) (PDF). Narendra Nath Sen, State editor, West Bengal district gazetteers. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 November 2016.

* v
* t
* e

State of Bihar

Capital: Patna

State symbols|

* Animal: Gaur
* Bird: House sparrow
* Flower: Marigolds
* Tree: Sacred fig

History|

* Chhath
* Kingdom of the Videhas
* Janaka
* Sita
* Chirand
* Magadha
* Nanda Dynasty
* Maurya Empire
* Sunga Empire
* Kanva dynasty
* Gupta Empire
* Chandragupta Maurya
* Chanakya
* Bindusara
* Ashoka the Great
* Buddhism in India
* Edicts of Ashoka
* Samudragupta
* Chandragupta II
* Arthashastra
* Lion Capital of Asoka
* Ashoka Chakra
* Pataliputra
* Bimbisara
* Ajatashatru
* Anga
* Rajgir
* Vaishali
* Aryabhata
* Siege of Arrah
* Raj Darbhanga

Administration|

* Government
* Legislative Assembly
* Legislative Council
* Chief Ministers
* Human rights Commission
* Governors
* High Court
* Police
* Public Service Commission

Overviews|

* Cinema
* Climate
* Cuisine
* Demography
* Economy
* Education
* Geography
* History
* Media
* People
* Transportation
* Politics
* Tourism
* State Day

Divisions and
districts|

* Bhagalpur
* Banka
* Bhagalpur
* Darbhanga
* Darbhanga
* Madhubani
* Samastipur
* Kosi
* Madhepura
* Saharsa
* Supaul
* Magadh
* Arwal
* Aurangabad
* Gaya
* Jehanabad
* Nawada
* Munger
* Begusarai
* Jamui
* Khagaria
* Munger
* Lakhisarai
* Sheikhpura
* Patna
* Bhojpur
* Buxar
* Kaimur
* Nalanda
* Patna
* Rohtas
* Purnia
* Araria
* Katihar
* Kishanganj
* Purnia
* Saran
* Gopalganj
* Saran
* Siwan
* Tirhut
* East Champaran
* Muzaffarpur
* Sheohar
* Sitamarhi
* Vaishali
* West Champaran

Cities|

* Patna
* Gaya
* Aurangabad
* Bhagalpur
* Muzaffarpur
* Darbhanga
* Purnea
* Bihar Sharif
* Arrah
* Begusarai
* Katihar
* Munger
* Chhapra
* Hajipur

Municipal Corporation|

* Patna Municipal Corporation
* Chhapra Municipal Corporation

Politics|

* Elections in Bihar
* BJP
* JD-U
* RJD
* LJP
* RLJD
* HAM
* Other Political Parties

Culture|

* Biharis
* Maithils
* Bhojpuri people
* Magahi people
* Chhath Puja
* Cuisine
* Languages
* Music
* Art and craft
* Religion
* Festivals
* Cinema
* Culture of Bihar
* Culture of Angika Region
* Culture of Bhojpuri Region
* Culture of Magadh Region
* Culture of Maithili Region

* v
* t
* e

State of West Bengal

Capital: Kolkata

State symbols|

* Emblem: Emblem of West Bengal
* Anthem: Banglar Mati Banglar Jol
* Animal: Fishing cat
* Bird: White-throated kingfisher
* Flower: Night-flowering jasmine (Shiuli)
* Tree: Devil's tree (Saptaparni)
* Fish: Ilish

History|

* Gauda Kingdom
* Shashanka
* Pala Empire
* Sena dynasty
* Mallabhum
* Cooch Behar State
* Sher Shah Suri
* Mughal Empire
* Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad
* East India Company
* Battle of Plassey
* Bengal Presidency
* Great Bengal famine of 1770
* Indian Rebellion of 1857
* Bengal Renaissance
* Bardhaman Raj
* Nadia Raj
* Jhargram Raj
* Sovabazar Raj
* Partition of Bengal (1905)
* Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
* Anushilan Samiti
* Jugantar
* Bengal famine of 1943
* Direct Action Day
* Noakhali riots
* Partition of Bengal (1947)
* Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
* Bangladesh Liberation War
* Naxalite movement

Geography|

* Bengal Basin
* Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
* Terai
* North Bengal plains
* Dooars
* Rarh region
* Sundarbans
* Western plateau and high lands
* Ganges Delta
* Climate
* Sandakphu (Highest point)
* Protected areas of West Bengal
* Rivers of West Bengal
* Ganga
* Damodar River
* Brahmaputra
* Teesta
* Hooghly River
* Khoai
* Tiger Hill, Darjeeling
* Siliguri Corridor

Governance|

* Chief Ministers
* Governor
* Legislative Assembly
* Human Rights Commission
* Political parties (All India Trinamool Congress
* Communist Party (Marxist)
* Indian National Congress
* Bharatiya Janata Party)
* Parliamentary constituencies
* Assembly constituencies
* CID West Bengal
* Kolkata Police

Rights groups|

* Matua Mahasangha
* Bangla Pokkho

Division and
Districts|

| Burdwan division|

* Birbhum
* Hooghly
* Paschim Bardhaman
* Purba Bardhaman

|

Jalpaiguri division|

* Alipurduar
* Cooch Behar
* Darjeeling
* Jalpaiguri
* Kalimpong

Malda division|

* Dakshin Dinajpur
* Berhampore (declared)
* Malda
* Murshidabad
* Uttar Dinajpur

Medinipur division|

* Bankura
* Bishnupur (declared)
* Jhargram
* Paschim Medinipur
* Purba Medinipur
* Purulia

Presidency division|

* Basirhat (declared)
* Howrah
* Ichamati (declared)
* Kolkata
* Nadia
* North 24 Parganas
* Ranaghat (declared)
* Sundarbans (declared)
* South 24 Parganas

Cities and
towns|

* Alipore
* Asansol
* Berhampore
* Balurghat
* Bankura
* Barasat
* Bardhaman
* Bishnupur
* Hugli-Chuchura
* Cooch Behar
* Darjeeling
* Durgapur
* Haldia
* Howrah
* Jalpaiguri
* Jaynagar Majilpur
* Jiaganj Azimganj
* Kalimpong
* Kharagpur
* Kolkata
* Krishnanagar
* Kurseong
* Malda
* Midnapore
* Murshidabad
* Purulia
* Raiganj
* Siliguri
* Siuri
* Tamluk
* List of cities in West Bengal by population
* Cities and towns by district

Culture|

* Bengal Renaissance
* Bengali calendars
* Patachitra
* Chalchitra
* Arts of West Bengal
* Baul
* Bhadu
* Gombhira
* Chhau dance
* Cuisine
* Rabindra Sangeet
* Rabindra Nritya Natya
* Holi
* Dol Purnima
* Prostitution in Kolkata
* Pahela Baishakh
* Durga Puja
* Bhai Phonta
* Raksha Bandhan
* Ratha Yatra
* Architecture of Bengal
* Bengal temples
* Bengali language
* Bengali literature
* Feluda
* Lalmohan Ganguly
* Professor Shonku
* Tarini Khuro
* Kakababu
* Kiriti Roy
* Pather Panchali (novel)
* Tollywood (Bengali cinema)
* Jatra
* Ghosts in Bengali culture

GI product|

* Baluchari sari
* Banglar Rosogolla
* Bankura horse
* Bengal Patachitra
* Chhau mask
* Darjeeling tea
* Dhaniakhali Sari
* Dhokra
* Fazli (mango)
* Gobindobhog
* Himsagar
* Jaynagarer Moa
* Madurkathi
* Manasa chali
* Mihidana
* Nakshi kantha
* Santiniketan Leather Goods
* Shantipuri sari
* Sitabhog
* Tulaipanji

Demographics|

* Bengali people
* Bihari people
* Economy of West Bengal
* Gurkha
* Adivasi
* Rajbanshi
* Anglo-Indian
* Ethnic communities in Kolkata
* List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
* Anti-Bengali sentiment in India

People|

* Rabindranath Tagore
* Satyajit Ray
* Kazi Nazrul Islam
* Anil Kumar Gain
* Ritwik Ghatak
* Subhas Chandra Bose
* Jamini Roy
* Bidhan Chandra Roy
* Jyoti Basu
* Nandalal Bose
* Jagadish Chandra Bose
* Meghnad Saha
* Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
* Sarat Chandra Bose
* Jnanadanandini Devi
* Abanindranath Tagore
* Satyendranath Tagore
* Satyendranath Dutta
* Ram Mohan Roy
* Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
* Rani Rashmoni
* Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
* Swami Vivekananda
* Sarada Devi
* Dwarkanath Tagore
* Sukumar Ray
* Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury
* Michael Madhusudan Dutta
* Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
* Sister Nivedita
* Mother Teresa
* Amartya Sen
* Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
* Nihar Ranjan Gupta

Image gallery at Wikimedia Commons

* v
* t
* e

Districts of British India

Districts in the Madras Presidency|

* Ceded Districts
* Chingleput District
* Coimbatore District
* Godavari District
* Madura District
* Malabar District
* North Arcot
* South Arcot District
* South Canara
* Tanjore District
* Tinnevely District
* Trichinopoly District
* Vizagapatam District

Districts in the Bengal Presidency|

* Backergunge District
* Bassein District
* Champaran District
* Garo Hills district
* Jungle Mahals
* Jungle Terry
* Khasi and Jaintia Hills
* Lushai Hills District
* Manbhum District
* Naga Hills District
* Shahabad district
* Singhbhum District
* Tipperah District

Districts in the Bombay Presidency|

* East Khandesh
* Kaladgi District
* Khandesh District
* Upper Sind Frontier District
* West Khandesh

Other districts|

* Bhilsa District
* Chanderi District
* Delhi District
* Ellichpur District
* Garhwal District
* Hazara District (NW Frontier)
* Isagarh District
* Kumaon District
* Lyallpur District
* Merwara District
* Montgomery District
* Muhamdi District
* Nimar District
* North Bareilly District
* Quetta-Pishin District
* Shahpur District
* Sironj District
* Thal-Chotiali
* Wun District
* Peshawar District (NW Frontier)

Post independence historical districts|

* Bangalore District
* Imphal District
* Midnapore district
* West Dinajpur District

* Subdivisions of British India
* Divisions of British India
* Presidencies and provinces of British India
* British Empire in India

23°20′N 86°22′E﻿ / ﻿23.333°N 86.367°E﻿ / 23.333; 86.367

This article about a location in West Bengal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

This article related to a location in Jharkhand is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template