Manis

Genus of mammals

For other uses, see Manis (disambiguation).

Asiatic pangolin

Temporal range: 12.9–0 Ma

PreꞒ

Middle Miocene \- present[1]

Living pangolins from genus Manis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Mammalia
Order:  | Pholidota
Family:  | Manidae
Subfamily:  | Maninae
Gray, 1821
Genus:  | Manis
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Manis pentadactyla

Linnaeus, 1758

Species

* Manis aurita
* Manis crassicaudata
* Manis pentadactyla
* †Manis hungarica
* †Manis lydekkeri
* Subgenus: Paramanis
* Manis culionensis
* Manis javanica
* Manis mysteria
* †Manis palaeojavanica

Manis crassicaudata

Manis culionensis

Manis javanica

Manis pentadactyla

Synonyms[2][3]

synonyms of subfamily:

* Mania
* Manidae (Gray, 1821)
* Manina (Gray, 1825)[4]
* Pholidotina (Gray, 1873)

synonyms of genus:

* Pangolin (Gray, 1873)
* Pangolinus (Rafinesque, 1821)
* Paramanis (Pocock, 1924)
* Phatages (Sundevall, 1843)
* Phatagenus (Sundevall, 1843)
* Pholidotus (Brisson, 1762)
* Quaggelo (Frisch, 1775)

Manis ("spirit") is a genus of South Asian and East Asian pangolins, the Asiatic pangolins, from subfamily Maninae, within family Manidae.[5][6]

## Taxonomy

[edit]

* Subfamily: Maninae (Asiatic pangolins)
* Genus: Manis (Asiatic pangolins)
* Manis crassicaudata (Indian pangolin)
* Manis pentadactyla (Chinese pangolin)
* Manis aurita[7] (= Manis indoburmanica)[8]
* Manis mysteria (Cryptic pangolin)[9]
* †Manis hungarica
* †Manis lydekkeri
* Subgenus: Paramanis
* Manis culionensis (Philippine pangolin)
* Manis javanica (Sunda pangolin)
* †Manis palaeojavanica (Giant asian pangolin)

## Phylogeny

[edit]

Phylogenetic position of genus Manis within family Manidae.[10][11][1]

Pholidotamorpha |

|  |

†Palaeanodonta

|

Pholidota |

|  |

†Euromanis

|

? |

†Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)

|  |

†Eurotamanduidae

|

Eupholidota |

|  |

†Eomanoidea

|

Manoidea |

|  |

†Patriomanidae

|

? |

†Necromanis

Manidae |

| Smutsiinae |

|  |

Phatagininae

|

Smutsiinae (sensu stricto)

sensu lato
? |

†Manidae sp. (DPC 3972 & DPC 4364)

Maninae |

| Manis |

|  |

|  |

Manis pentadactyla

|

? |

†Manis hungarica

|  |

|  |

Manis crassicaudata

|

? |

†Manis lydekkeri

| ? |

Manis sp. (Scale_H4 & Scale_H8)

|

(Paramanis)  |

|  |

Manis culionensis

|

Manis javanica

? |

†Manis palaeojavanica

sensu stricto

(Pholidota sensu lato)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Philippe Gaubert, Agostinho Antunes, Hao Meng, Lin Miao, Stéphane Peigné, Fabienne Justy, Flobert Njiokou, Sylvain Dufour, Emmanuel Danquah, Jayanthi Alahakoon, Erik Verheyen, William T Stanley, Stephen J O’Brien, Warren E Johnson, Shu-Jin Luo (2018) "The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth" Journal of Heredity, Volume 109, Issue 4, Pages 347–359
2. ^ Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals. U. S. Government Printing Office. p. 822.
3. ^ "Taxonomic history of the genus Manis". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
4. ^ J. E. Gray. (1825.) "An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe." Annals of Philosophy, new series 10:337-344
5. ^ "Oldstyle id: d36852dde74a91d7c965591b175947ec". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands.
6. ^ Schlitter, D.A. (2005). "Order Pholidota". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 530–531\. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
7. ^ Zijlstra JS (25 April 2025). "Manis aurita Hodgson 1837 as a valid species of pangolin: a comment to Wangmo et al. (2025)". Mammalian Biology. doi:10.1007/s42991-025-00495-x.
8. ^ Wangmo, L. K., Ghosh, A., Dolker, S., Joshi, B. D., Sharma, L. K., & Thakur, M. (2025). Indo-Burmese pangolin (Manis indoburmanica): a novel phylogenetic species of pangolin evolved in Asia. Mammalian Biology, 1-8.
9. ^ https://www.sci.news/biology/manis-mysteria-12316.html
10. ^ Gaudin, Timothy (2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 16 (4). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media: 235–305\. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. S2CID 1773698. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
11. ^ Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001\. Bibcode:2012JVPal..32..983K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86059673.

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Family: Manidae

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Order: Pholidota
* Suborder: Eupholidota
* Superfamily: Manoidea
* Family: Manidae

Subfamily:
Maninae

Genus:
Manis

southern Asian
clade 1

* Manis pentadactyla (subspecies M. p. aurita, M. p. pentadactyla and M. p. pusilla)
* †Manis hungarica

|

southern Asian
clade 2

* Manis crassicaudata
* Manis sp. (Scale_H4 & Scale_H8)
* †Manis lydekkeri

Subgenus:
Paramanis

* Manis culionensis
* Manis javanica
* †Manis palaeojavanica

African clade

Subfamily:
Phatagininae

| Genus:
Phataginus|

* Phataginus tetradactyla
* Phataginus tricuspis

|

Subfamily:
Smutsiinae

| Genus:
Smutsia|

* Smutsia gigantea
* Smutsia temminckii
* †Smutsia olteniensis

|

Incertae sedis

* †Manidае sp. (DPC 3972 & DPC 4364)

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Mammals of clade Pholidotamorpha

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Clade: Ferae
* Clade: Pholidotamorpha

Pholidotamorpha

Order:
Pholidota

Suborder:
Eupholidota

Superfamily:
Manoidea

Family:
Manidae

* See in template: Manidae

|

Family:
†Patriomanidae

* †Cryptomanis
* †Patriomanis

Incertae sedis

* †Necromanis

Superfamily:
†Eomanoidea

Family:
†Eomanidae

* †Eomanis

|

Family:
†Eurotamanduidae

* †Eurotamandua

other
representatives

* †Euromanis

Incertae sedis

* †Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)

Order:
†Palaeanodonta

Family:
†Epoicotheriidae
(paraphyletic family)

* †Alocodontulum
* †Amelotabes
* †Auroratherium
* †Dipassalus
* †Tubulodon

Subfamily:
†Epoicotheriinae
(paraphyletic subfamily)

* †Pentapassalus
* †Tetrapassalus

†Epoicotherium/Xenocranium
clade

* †Epoicotherium
* †Molaetherium
* †Xenocranium

Family:
†Ernanodontidae

* †Asiabradypus
* †Ernanodon

Family:
†Escavadodontidae

* †Escavadodon

Family:
†Metacheiromyidae
(paraphyletic family)

* †Brachianodon
* †Mylanodon

Subfamily:
†Metacheiromyinae
(paraphyletic subfamily)

* †Metacheiromys
* †Palaeanodon

Subfamily:
†Propalaeanodontinae

* †Propalaeanodon

Incertae sedis

* †Arcticanodon
* †Melaniella

Taxon identifiers

Manis|

* Wikidata: Q25397
* Wikispecies: Manis
* BOLD: 3261
* EoL: 12999
* GBIF: 2437177
* iNaturalist: 43359
* ITIS: 584905
* MSW: 13900003
* NCBI: 9973
* Open Tree of Life: 644247
* Paleobiology Database: 43677
* Plazi: CB6F2097-52F4-D2F8-F964-5D291F3B4630
* ZooBank: 0719B9EF-CA19-4B7D-A7EE-B609938B07F7

Authority control databases

National|

* Israel

Other|

* Yale LUX

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