Manos Hatzidakis

"Manos Chatzidakis" redirects here. For the basketball player, see Manos Chatzidakis (basketball).

Manos Hatzidakis

Μάνος Χατζιδάκις

Background information
Born| (1925-10-23)23 October 1925
Xanthi, Greece
Died| 15 June 1994(1994-06-15) (aged 68)
Athens, Greece
Genres|

* Classical music
* Éntekhno
* film

Occupation(s)|

* Composer
* musician

Instrument(s)|

* Piano
* violin
* accordion

Years active| 1944–1994
Website| hadjidakis.gr

Musical artist

Manos Hatzidakis (also spelled Hadjidakis; Greek: Μάνος Χατζιδάκις; 23 October 1925 – 15 June 1994) was a Greek composer and theorist of Greek music, widely considered to be one of the greatest Greek composers.[1] He was one of the main proponents of the "Éntekhno" form of music, along with Mikis Theodorakis, is the founder of the Orchestra of Colours, an ensemble performing lesser-known works and the music of Greek composers, and influenced a broad swathe of Greek culture through his writings and radio broadcasts.

In 1960, Hatzidakis won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Never on Sunday" from the film Never on Sunday, but he refused the award because he felt that Athens was misrepresented in the film.[2]

## Early life[edit]

Hadzidakis was born on 23 October 1925 in Xanthi, Greece, to lawyer Georgios Hatzidakis, who came from the village of Myrthios, Agios Vasileios, in the Rethymno prefecture in Crete; and Aliki Arvanitidou, who came from Adrianoupolis.[3] The family prospered from sales of tobacco grown locally, but the boy's father died in 1931 and his mother took him to live in Athens in comparative poverty.[4]

Hatzidakis studied music theory with Menelaos Pallandios, in the period 1940–1943. At the same time, he studied philosophy at the University of Athens. However, he never completed this course.[1] He met and connected with other musicians, writers, and intellectuals including George Seferis, Odysseas Elytis, Angelos Sikelianos, Yannis Tsarouchis and especially the poet Nikos Gatsos who became a close friend.[4] During the last stages of the Axis occupation of Greece, Hatzidakis was an active participant in the Greek Resistance through membership of the United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON), the youth branch of the major resistance organisation EAM, where he met Mikis Theodorakis with whom he soon developed a strong friendship.

## Career[edit]

Hatzidakis's first composition was the tune for the song "Paper Moon" ("Χάρτινο το Φεγγαράκι"), from Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire staged by Karolos Koun's Art Theatre of Athens. His first piano piece, "For a Little White Seashell" ("Για μια Μικρή Λευκή Αχιβάδα"), came out in 1947, and in 1948 he set a collection of Gatsos poetry to music: Blood Wedding.[5] In 1949, Hatzidakis shook the musical establishment by delivering an influential lecture on rembetika, the urban folk songs that flourished in Greek cities, mainly Piraeus, after the Asia Minor refugee influx in 1922.[4] Hatzidakis focused on the economy of expression, the deep traditional roots and the genuineness of emotion displayed in rembetika, and exalted the likes of composers like Markos Vamvakaris and Vassilis Tsitsanis. Putting theory to practice, he adapted classic rembetika in his 1951 piano work, Six Popular Pictures (Έξι Λαϊκές Ζωγραφιές), which was later also presented as a folk ballet. Also in 1949 he co-founded the Greek Dance Theatre Company with the choreographer Rallou Manou.[6]

At this point he began writing immensely popular songs and movie soundtracks alongside more serious works, such as 1954's The C.N.S. Cycle (O Kyklos tou C.N.S.), a song cycle for piano and voice. In 1955 he wrote the score for Michael Cacoyannis' film Stella, with actress Melina Mercouri singing the movie's trademark song "Love that became a double-edged knife" ("Αγάπη που 'γινες δίκοπο μαχαίρι").

He composed the score for the 1955 film Laterna, ftoxia kai filotimo "Λατέρνα, φτώχεια και φιλότιμο"

In 1958, Hatzidakis met Nana Mouskouri, his first "ideal interpreter". It was 1960 that brought him international success, as his song "Never on Sunday" ("Τα παιδιά του Πειραιά"), from Jules Dassin's film Never on Sunday (Ποτέ την Κυριακή), won him an Academy Award and became a worldwide hit. Hatzidakis did not attend the Academy Award ceremony in 1961, and refused to collect his award. He said that the film Never on Sunday with a prostitute as its protagonist reflected negatively on Athens.[2]

In 1962, Hatzidakis founded a music competition to encourage Greek composers, with the first award going to Iannis Xenakis in 1963.[4] Also in 1962, Hatzidakis produced the musical Street of Dreams (Οδός Ονείρων)[7] and completed his score for Aristophanes' Birds (Όρνιθες), another Art Theater production which caused an uproar over Koun's revolutionary direction. The score was also used later by Maurice Béjart's Ballet of the 20th Century. He also wrote the music for a song which Arthur Altman added English lyrics to and gave to Brenda Lee. The song was "All Alone Am I". In 1964, he released the album 15 Vespers (Δεκαπέντε Εσπερινοί) with the famous song "Mr Antonis ("Ο Κυρ Αντώνης").[8]

In 1965, his LP Gioconda's Smile (Το Χαμόγελο της Τζιοκόντας)[9] was released on Minos-EMI. The album was re-released in 2004, digitally remastered as an audiophile LP and a CD in the EMI Classics collection. In 1966, Hatzidakis travelled to New York City for the premiere of Illya Darling, a Broadway musical based on Never on Sunday, which starred Mercouri.

## Living outside Greece[edit]

Hatzidakis lived in the United States from 1966 to 1972,[1] during which he completed several more major compositions, including Rhythmology (Rythmologia) for solo piano, his compilation, Gioconda's Smile (produced by Quincy Jones), and the song cycle, Magnus Eroticus (Megalos Erotikos), in which he used ancient (Sappho, Euripides), medieval (stanzas from folk songs and George Hortatzis' romance Erophile) and modern (Dionysios Solomos, Constantine Cavafy, Odysseus Elytis, Nikos Gatsos) Greek poems, as well as an excerpt from the Old Testament book "Song of Songs". He released the album Reflections, a collaboration with the New York Rock & Roll Ensemble.[4]

## Later years[edit]

Hatzidakis returned to Greece in 1972 and recorded Magnus Eroticus with opera-trained alto Fleury Dantonaki and singer Dimitris Psarianos. Following the Greek junta's overthrow in 1974, he became active in public life and assumed a number of leadership positions in the Athens State Orchestra (KOA), the Greek National Opera (ELS/GNO), and the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT).[10] In 1985 he launched his own record company "Seirios", named after Sirius, the hunting dog of mythical Orion. In 1989 Hatzidakis founded and directed the Orchestra of Colours, an ensemble performing lesser-known works and the music of Greek composers.[4][11]

Although he said Greece must enter the European Economic Community (EEC, later the European Union) for economic reasons, he believed that Greece would be culturally assimilated.[12][13]

In the later years of his life, Hatzidakis explained that his work was meant not to entertain but to reveal. Further, he disclaimed part of his work, written for the Greek cinema and theater, as unrepresentative.[14][15]

## Death[edit]

Hatzidakis died from a heart attack on 15 June 1994 in Athens at the age of 68.[5] In 1999 the city of Athens dedicated the museum Technopolis in his memory.[16] He was buried in Paiania.

## Musical scores[edit]

* Adoulotoi Sklavoi \- Unsubdued Slaves – US title (1946)
* Kokkinos Vrahos (1949)
* Dyo Kosmi – The Two Worlds (1949)
* Nekri Politeia – Dead City – US title (1951)
* O Grousouzis –  The Grouch – US title (1952)
* Agni Tou Limaniou \- Lily of the Harbour – US title (1952)
* Stella \- Στέλλα (1955)
* The Counterfeit Coin \- Η κάλπικη λίρα (1955)
* O Drakos – The Ogre of Athens – US title (1956)
* One Street Organ, One Life (1958)
* To Nisi Ton Gennaion \- The Braves' Island – US title (1959)
* Never on Sunday (Ποτέ Την Κυριακή) (1960)
* Woe to the Young (1961)
* It Happened in Athens (1962)
* The 300 Spartans (1962)
* America America (1963)
* Topkapi (1964)
* Gioconda's Smile (Το Χαμόγελο Της Τζοκόντας) (1965)
* Illya Darling (1967) – Broadway musical
* Blue (1968)
* Reflections (1969) – Performed by the New York Rock & Roll Ensemble
* The Invincible Six (1970)
* The Pedestrian (1973)
* Sweet Movie (1974)
* Faccia di spia (1975)
* Memed, My Hawk (1984)
* Reflections (2005) – Performed by Raining Pleasure. Special appearance by Meriam performing the song "Kemal"
* Amorgos (2006)
* Six popular pictures Op.5 -ballet for piano based on greek popular melodies
* For a little white seashell Op.1- preludes and dances for the piano (1948)

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c "Manos Hatzidakis: The Composer Who Shaped Greek Music". GreekReporter.com. 15 June 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
2. ^ a b Pappas, Gregory (15 June 2020). "On This Day June 15, 1994: Remembering the Greek Oscar Winner Who Refused His Award". The Pappas Post. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
3. ^ Chrysopoulos, Philip (15 June 2022). "Manos Hatzidakis: The Composer Who Shaped Greek Music". Greek Reporter. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
4. ^ a b c d e f Miralis, Yiannis (Spring 2004). "Manos Hadjidakis: The Story of an Anarchic Youth and a 'Magnus Eroticus'". Philosophy of Music Education Review. Indiana University Press. 12 (1): 43–54. JSTOR 40327219.
5. ^ a b "Manos Hadjidakis; Greek Composer, 68". The New York Times. Reuters. 16 June 1994. p. B9. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
6. ^ Hatzidakis's biodata Archived 4 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
7. ^ Οδός Ονείρων/Dream Street (music/video) on YouTube
8. ^ Ο Κυρ Αντώνης/Mr Antonis (music/video) on YouTube
9. ^ Το Χαμόγελο της Τζιοκόντας/Gioconda's Smile (music/video) on YouTube
10. ^ Kanellopoulos, Panagiotis A. (2018). "An 'Impossible' Place: The Creative Antinomies of Manos Hadjidakis' Modernism". In Dafni Tragaki (ed.). Made in Greece: Studies in Popular Music. Routledge. p. 122\. ISBN 9781317607991.
11. ^ "Profile". Orchestra of Colours. Archived from the original on 12 March 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
12. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Μάνος Χατζιδάκις (Συνέντευξη)". YouTube.
13. ^ Apostolis (23 October 2018). "Ελληνοφρένεια: Ο Μάνος Χατζιδάκις για την Ευρωπαϊκή Ολοκλήρωση." Ελληνοφρένεια (in Greek). Retrieved 12 March 2021.
14. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Μάνος Χατζιδάκις (Συνέντευξη)". YouTube.
15. ^ "Ένα αφιέρωμα για τον Μάνο Χατζιδάκι". YouTube.
16. ^ Gill, John (2011). Athens. Andrews UK Ltd. p. 131\. ISBN 9781908493484.

## External links[edit]

* Official website
* Manos Hatzidakis on IMDb

* v
* t
* e

Academy Award for Best Original Song

1934–1940|

* "The Continental"
* Music: Con Conrad
* Lyrics: Herb Magidson (1934)
* "Lullaby of Broadway"
* Music: Harry Warren
* Lyrics: Al Dubin (1935)
* "The Way You Look Tonight"
* Music: Jerome Kern
* Lyrics: Dorothy Fields (1936)
* "Sweet Leilani"
* Music and lyrics: Harry Owens (1937)
* "Thanks for the Memory"
* Music: Ralph Rainger
* Lyrics: Leo Robin (1938)
* "Over the Rainbow"
* Music: Harold Arlen
* Lyrics: E. Y. Harburg (1939)
* "When You Wish Upon a Star"
* Music: Leigh Harline
* Lyrics: Ned Washington (1940)

1941–1950|

* "The Last Time I Saw Paris"
* Music: Jerome Kern
* Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1941)
* "White Christmas"
* Music and lyrics: Irving Berlin (1942)
* "You'll Never Know"
* Music: Harry Warren
* Lyrics: Mack Gordon (1943)
* "Swinging on a Star"
* Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
* Lyrics: Johnny Burke (1944)
* "It Might as Well Be Spring"
* Music: Richard Rodgers
* Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1945)
* "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"
* Music: Harry Warren
* Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1946)
* "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
* Music: Allie Wrubel
* Lyrics: Ray Gilbert (1947)
* "Buttons and Bows"
* Music: Jay Livingston
* Lyrics: Ray Evans (1948)
* "Baby, It's Cold Outside"
* Music and lyrics: Frank Loesser (1949)
* "Mona Lisa"
* Music and lyrics: Ray Evans and Jay Livingston (1950)

1951–1960|

* "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening"
* Music: Hoagy Carmichael
* Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1951)
* "High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')"
* Music: Dimitri Tiomkin
* Lyrics: Ned Washington (1952)
* "Secret Love"
* Music: Sammy Fain
* Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1953)
* "Three Coins in the Fountain"
* Music: Jule Styne
* Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1954)
* "Love Is a Many Splendored Thing"
* Music: Sammy Fain
* Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1955)
* "Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
* Music and lyrics: Jay Livingston and Ray Evans (1956)
* "All the Way"
* Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
* Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1957)
* "Gigi"
* Music: Frederick Loewe
* Lyrics: Alan Jay Lerner (1958)
* "High Hopes"
* Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
* Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1959)
* "Never on Sunday"
* Music and lyrics: Manos Hatzidakis (1960)

1961–1970|

* "Moon River"
* Music: Henry Mancini
* Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1961)
* "Days of Wine and Roses"
* Music: Henry Mancini
* Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1962)
* "Call Me Irresponsible"
* Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
* Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1963)
* "Chim Chim Cher-ee"
* Music and lyrics: Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman (1964)
* "The Shadow of Your Smile"
* Music: Johnny Mandel
* Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1965)
* "Born Free"
* Music: John Barry
* Lyrics: Don Black (1966)
* "Talk to the Animals"
* Music and lyrics: Leslie Bricusse (1967)
* "The Windmills of Your Mind"
* Music: Michel Legrand
* Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1968)
* "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
* Music: Burt Bacharach
* Lyrics: Hal David (1969)
* "For All We Know"
* Music: Fred Karlin
* Lyrics: Robb Royer and Jimmy Griffin (1970)

1971–1980|

* "Theme from Shaft"
* Music and lyrics: Isaac Hayes (1971)
* "The Morning After"
* Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1972)
* "The Way We Were"
* Music: Marvin Hamlisch
* Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1973)
* "We May Never Love Like This Again"
* Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1974)
* "I'm Easy"
* Music and lyrics: Keith Carradine (1975)
* "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
* Music: Barbra Streisand
* Lyrics: Paul Williams (1976)
* "You Light Up My Life"
* Music and lyrics: Joseph Brooks (1977)
* "Last Dance"
* Music and lyrics: Paul Jabara (1978)
* "It Goes Like It Goes"
* Music: David Shire
* Lyrics: Norman Gimbel (1979)
* "Fame"
* Music: Michael Gore
* Lyrics: Dean Pitchford (1980)

1981–1990|

* "Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
* Music and lyrics: Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, Christopher Cross and Peter Allen (1981)
* "Up Where We Belong"
* Music: Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie
* Lyrics: Will Jennings (1982)
* "Flashdance... What a Feeling"
* Music: Giorgio Moroder
* Lyrics: Keith Forsey and Irene Cara (1983)
* "I Just Called to Say I Love You"
* Music and lyrics: Stevie Wonder (1984)
* "Say You, Say Me"
* Music and lyrics: Lionel Richie (1985)
* "Take My Breath Away"
* Music: Giorgio Moroder
* Lyrics: Tom Whitlock (1986)
* "(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
* Music: Franke Previte, John DeNicola and Donald Markowitz
* Lyrics: Franke Previte (1987)
* "Let the River Run"
* Music and lyrics: Carly Simon (1988)
* "Under the Sea"
* Music: Alan Menken
* Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1989)
* "Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)"
* Music and lyrics: Stephen Sondheim (1990)

1991–2000|

* "Beauty and the Beast"
* Music: Alan Menken
* Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1991)
* "A Whole New World"
* Music: Alan Menken
* Lyrics: Tim Rice (1992)
* "Streets of Philadelphia"
* Music and lyrics: Bruce Springsteen (1993)
* "Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
* Music: Elton John
* Lyrics: Tim Rice (1994)
* "Colors of the Wind"
* Music: Alan Menken
* Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1995)
* "You Must Love Me"
* Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber
* Lyrics: Tim Rice (1996)
* "My Heart Will Go On"
* Music: James Horner
* Lyrics: Will Jennings (1997)
* "When You Believe"
* Music and lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1998)
* "You'll Be in My Heart"
* Music and lyrics: Phil Collins (1999)
* "Things Have Changed"
* Music and lyrics: Bob Dylan (2000)

2001–2010|

* "If I Didn't Have You"
* Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2001)
* "Lose Yourself"
* Music: Eminem, Jeff Bass and Luis Resto
* Lyrics: Eminem (2002)
* "Into the West"
* Music and lyrics: Fran Walsh, Howard Shore and Annie Lennox (2003)
* "Al otro lado del río"
* Music and lyrics: Jorge Drexler (2004)
* "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp"
* Music and lyrics: Juicy J, Frayser Boy and DJ Paul (2005)
* "I Need to Wake Up"
* Music and lyrics: Melissa Etheridge (2006)
* "Falling Slowly"
* Music and lyrics: Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová (2007)
* "Jai Ho"
* Music: A. R. Rahman
* Lyrics: Gulzar (2008)
* "The Weary Kind"
* Music and lyrics: Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett (2009)
* "We Belong Together"
* Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2010)

2011–2020|

* "Man or Muppet"
* Music and lyrics: Bret McKenzie (2011)
* "Skyfall"
* Music and lyrics: Adele Adkins and Paul Epworth (2012)
* "Let It Go"
* Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2013)
* "Glory"
* Music and lyrics: John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn (2014)
* "Writing's on the Wall"
* Music and lyrics: James Napier and Sam Smith (2015)
* "City of Stars"
* Music: Justin Hurwitz
* Lyrics: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
* "Remember Me"
* Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2017)
* "Shallow"
* Music and lyrics: Lady Gaga, Mark Ronson, Anthony Rossomando and Andrew Wyatt (2018)
* "(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again"
* Music: Elton John
* Lyrics: Bernie Taupin (2019)
* "Fight for You"
* Music: D'Mile and H.E.R.
* Lyrics: H.E.R. and Tiara Thomas (2020)

2021–present|

* "No Time to Die"
* Music and lyrics: Billie Eilish and Finneas O'Connell (2021)
* "Naatu Naatu"
* Music: M. M. Keeravani
* Lyrics: Chandrabose (2022)

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