Manteri

Political title in Brunei

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The Manteri (Minister or Officer) are a group of state dignitaries within the Sultanate of Brunei whose position ranks the fourth-highest official in the country behind the Sultan. There are two main groups in the Manteri, namely the Manteri Berchiri and the Manteri Bertauliah. Each person who is given a position in the Manteri is also given a certain title. They are also referred to in official speech and correspondence with specific honorific references.[1] The title of Manteri is given to ordinary people and is held in a ceremony, which for the awarding of the title of Pehin Manteri, it is known as "menyampiri gelaran".[2]

## History

[edit]

Prior to the British protectorate, Bruneian titles were bestowed with office positions and designated responsibilities, which gave the designated officials access to political power. These officials were frequently granted kuripan (territorial powers), which enabled them to manage finances, collect taxes, and uphold the law in their respective territories. On the other hand, Wazir (Vizier) like Pengiran Temenggong had to obtain permission from the Sultan in order to try major offences like those involving murder or mutilation. The kuripan was associated with the official's rank and was intended to pass back to the Sultan in the event of the official's demise or promotion, however it frequently stayed in the family in cases when the successor assumed the role. The system was dismantled and kuripan's management was given to the government upon the arrival of the British Resident, who also centralised power under his watch.[3]

In the previous political system, being a title or office holder was not only a privilege but also came with important obligations in a hierarchical structure. Officials helped in state administration by serving as a go-between for the monarch and the populace. Many of the initial tasks have altered throughout time, but the symbolic significance of titles and their relationship to political power remain.[4]

## Functions

[edit]

Although titles are still awarded today, the functions that they entail have changed to reflect the needs of the contemporary political structure. For instance, Jamil Al-Sufri, the current bearer of the noble title Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja, which is charged with monitoring information, is the Principal of the Brunei History Centre.[4] On another note, the nomination of traditional officials persists even though the contemporary administrative system has practically superseded the ancient political system. In addition to serving ceremonially, these officers serve as a conduit between the Sultan and his subjects, advising him on issues that impact the country as a whole.[5]

High-ranking government officials in Brunei, such as the senior Wazir, Pengiran Bendahara, and Pengiran Paduka Tuan, oversee Islamic religious affairs to strengthen Islam in the country. The Manteri-Manteri Ugama, with appointed officers like Mudim, have managed Islamic matters since the time of Sultan Saiful Rijal. Despite British rule, these religious leaders continued to influence national affairs, as exemplified by Pehin Tuan Imam Haji Mohidin bin Nakhoda Jambul's appointment to the State Council in 1907. This illustrates the government's efforts to elevate Islam's role in Brunei.[6]

## Hierarchy

[edit]

The Manteri offices and those held by non-nobles are equivalent to Cheteria. Differentiation among the non-noble officialdom is even more intricate than it is within the aristocratic orders, nevertheless. Higher and lower non-noble officials are the two general categories into which non-noble officials fall. The two can be officially distinguished from one another by their ceremonial outfit and method of inauguration. Like the noble officials, the higher non-noble officials are sworn in using a sacred phrase called Chiri (one of the important position in the enthronement), which is made up of terms from Sanskrit, Arabic, and Malay.[7]

There are two further divisions among the inferior non-noble officials. First, there are those who play a major role in managing state affairs: officials. Second, there are authorities who handle religious issues. The offices of Manteri Hulubalang (Defence officers), Manteri Istana (Palace officers), Manteri Darat (Interior land officers), and Manteri Pedalaman (Rural officers) are where the lesser, non-noble officials are restricted. However, there are additional positions either above or below certain levels. Manteri Dagang is the country's honour system for non-Malays.[8]

In Bruneian society, a person's position and status are indicated by a variety of characteristics. A royal court or state function's seating arrangement is one method. In seating configurations, di atas (upper) and di bawah (lower) are used as measurements. The top end, which is often the farthest from the door, is occupied by those of greatest status. The remaining guests are placed near the entrance in decreasing order of rank. Gradations of precedence may also be shown by a person's sitting arrangement, whereby those on the right are sat higher than those on the left.[9]

The title has been awarded to the authorities permanently. Even after passing away, the titleholder would continue be in possession of the title. It is common for officials to be promoted to a higher position within the same office and given a different title, nevertheless. The title may be inherited, as an official's successor may take office with the same title as his forebear. On the other hand, there are instances where the sons of officials are sworn in with titles that differ from their dads.[10]

### Manteri Berchiri

[edit]

Manteri Berchiri is recited by Chiri during the title ceremony. It is also known as Pehin Manteri because the Manteri-Manteri in this group carry the title Pehin. The position is based on the system of Empat Lipatan (Four Folds) which is up to thirty-two folds.[8] This meant that the hierarchy is ranked as 8, 16, 32, and 4. The lower the number, the greater the official's standing inside the office. These numbers represent the rating of the officials. As an illustration, officials in rank four are superior than those in rank eight. These ceremonial numerals are a reflection of Hinduism, which still has an impact on Brunei's ancient political structure.[5] The positions in Manteri Berchiri are as follows:[11]

* Kepala Manteri[a]
* Kepala Manteri Ugama
* Kepala Manteri 4
* Manteri Tambahan di Atas Manteri 4
* Manteri 4
* Manteri Dagang di Bawah Manteri 4[b]
* Manteri 8 or Manteri Pengalasan Besar
* Manteri Ugama di Bawah Manteri 8
* Manteri Ugama Tambahan di Bawah Manteri Ugama (below Manteri 8)
* Manteri 16 or Manteri Pengalasan Biasa
* Manteri 32 or Manteri Pengalasan Damit
* Manteri Tambahan di Bawah Manteri 32[c]
* Manteri (Dalam) Istana[d]
* Manteri Ugama (Pehin Khatib)

### Manteri Bertauliah

[edit]

In contrast to Manteri Berchiri, Manteri Bertauliah's title granting ceremony just recites Tauliah (letter of commission or accreditation),[15][16] does not employ the phrase "menyampiri," and does not recite Chiri.[17] The Manteri Bertauliah has the following positions:[18]

* Mudim
* Penglima
* Perwira
* Hulubalang[e]
* Pahlawan
* Pateh
* Damong
* Pengarah
* Janang
* Malek
* Ketua Juru Laki
* Juru Laki
* Juru Bini
* Kepala Manteri Pendalaman
* Manteri Pendalaman or Manteri Darat[f]

## Title and styling

[edit]

Main article: Malay styles and titles

The difference between the titles for Manteri Berchiri and the Manteri Bertauliah is that only Manteri Berchiri has the title Pehin. However, there are two positions in the Manteri Berchiri that do not carry the title, namely the positions in the Manteri Istana that carry the titles Seri Lela Pengiring Diraja and Dayang-Dayang Diraja. The full title of Manteri Berchiri is Pehin followed by an additional phrase, which phrase may also use the titles of Manteri Bertauliah such as Orang Kaya and Datu for example Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Dewa and Pehin Datu Lailaraja.

For Manteri Bertauliah, the title is like the name of the position, for example Pengarah (Director), Mudim, and Hulubalang Diraja and Hulubalang Asgar. However, the base titles for Manteri Pendalaman or Manteri Darat are Orang Kaya and Datu and one position carries the title Bendahari. For the position of Pehin Khatib and Mudim, the incumbent has reached the age 55 and retired from public service, has the title Begawan added.[20] Therefore, Pehin Khatib became Begawan Pehin Khatib and Mudim became Begawan Mudim.[21][18]

Honorary styles for Manteri-Manteri are as follows:[22]

* Yang Dimuliakan Lagi Dihormati (The Distinguished and Honoured) — Kepala Manteri, Kepala Manteri Ugama and Kepala Manteri 4
* Yang Dimuliakan (The Distinguished) — Manteri Berchiri
* Yang Mulia (The Respected) — Manteri Bertauliah

However, if a Manteri is a member of the Council of Cabinet Ministers, the Legislative Council or the Privy Council, his honorific reference is replaced by Yang Berhormat (The Honourable).[21][22]

## Court uniform and dress

[edit]

The colours and patterns of each office's ceremonial dastar (tengkolok), arat (belt), and sinjang (sarong) indicate the individual's rank. Their ceremonial outfit is adorned with a variety of colours and designs. There are more ranks for higher non-noble officials: 4, 8, 16, and 32. There is no differentiation in the colour and style of their uniforms inside this office, in contrast to the Cheteria. Their customary uniform material is a pink-coloured bunga butang arab gegati (rhombus and button floral designs) arranged in a dispersed manner.[23]

Manteri Istana (Palace Officials), Manteri Agama (Religious Officials), Manteri Dagang (Officials of Foreigners), Manteri Hulubalang (Defence Officials), and Manteri Pedalaman (Inland Officials) are the lower-ranking non-noble traditional authorities in Brunei. Their costumes are different; the Manteri Pedalaman wears blue with a bunga kembang setahun theme, while the Manteri Istana and Manteri Hulubalang use purple fabric with a bunga tampuk manggis motif, all with a scarlet basis. Traditional religious leaders dress in an Arabic-style jubah (thawb)—black during the day and white at night—and a serban (turban).[24] Invested officials' ceremonial attire during royal court events indicates their position. Certain authorities use traditional woven cloths with certain colors and designs as part of their ceremonial attire. Umbrellas and personal standards are also employed as concrete indicators of rank. Some leaders' personal standards serve as pretty accurate markers of their position and level of authority. The state flag is flown by average residents, whereas those descended from nobles have their own standards. The traditional officials' ceremonial attire and personal standard have a similar colour. The highest ranks of Brunei society are the only ones who wear umbrellas as a symbol of their position.[25]

Additionally, there were two conventional commandants in public ceremonies who went by the names Panglima Raja (Royal Commandant) and Panglima Asgar (Defense Commandant). These traditional commandants, during public events, are seen traveling in a vehicle that was ahead of the Sultan's on the route from the palace to the ceremonial venue. Upon reaching the venue, these commanders would then dismount out of their car and stationed themselves on each side of the grandstand's stairs, which was where the Sultan and Wazirs were sitting. The commandants wore traditional purple woven sinjang, arat, and dastar with bunga bertabur and bunga tampuk manggis (mangosteen flower calyx) motifs, along with a scarlet traditional outfit. The Panglima Raja carries pemuras (blunderbuss) and kampilan (royal sword), or the royal pistol and ammunition container (karga), while the Panglima Asgar carries the kelasak (shield) and kampilan.[26]

Copper, silver, and gold items used in royal ceremonies reveal the rank and identity of the owner. Items such as the keris (Malay dagger) and kaskol (gold betel container)[27] were given to royal dignitaries who received the title of Wazir, Cheteria, and Manteri. The kaskol is only given to the Wazir and Kepala Cheteria while Cheteria-Cheteria and Manteri-Manteri such as Kepala Manteri and Kepala Manteri Empat receive the silver-born tipa (container or vessel to store betel and its seasonings)[28] while copper-born tipa would be granted for the other officials.[29]

* Ceremonial uniforms of Manteri-Manteri
* Mohammad Daud, Manteri 16

* Jaafar Abdul Aziz, Manteri 32

* Hasrin Sabtu, Manteri 32

* Husin Ahmad, Manteri Tambahan di Bawah Manteri 32

* Panglima Raja and Panglima Asgar

## Manteri-manteri

[edit]

### Manteri Berchiri

[edit]

The list of Manteri Berchiri below is as of 1 June 2025.[30]

Title  | Hierarchy  | Incumbent  | Predecessor

|
|
|

Pehin Datu Perdana Manteri  | Kepala Manteri  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Lagi Dihormati Pehin Datu Perdana Manteri Dato Seri Utama Awang Haji Ibrahim bin Mohammad Ja'afar
Pehin Datu Seri Maharaja  | Kepala Manteri Ugama  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Datu Seri Maharaja Dato Paduka Seri Setia (Dr.) Ustaz Haji Awang Abdul Aziz bin Juned | Yang Dimuliakan Lagi Dihormati Pehin Datu Seri Maharaja Dato Seri Utama (Dr.) Awang Haji Ismail bin Omar Abdul Aziz
Pehin Orang Kaya Di-Gadong Seri Diraja  | Kepala Manteri 4  | Vacant | Yang Berhormat Lagi Dihormati Pehin Orang Kaya Di-Gadong Seri Diraja Dato Laila Utama Haji Awang Abdul Rahman bin Pehin Orang Kaya Shahbandar Haji Awang Mohammad Taha
Pehin Orang Kaya Di-Gadong Seri Lela  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Lagi Dihormati Pehin Orang Kaya Digadong Seri Lela Dato Seri Paduka (Dr.) Haji Awang Hussain bin Pehin Orang Kaya Digadong Seri Diraja Dato Laila Utama Haji Awang Mohammad Yusof
Pehin Orang Kaya Penggawa (Pehin Orang Kaya Penggawa Laila Bentara Diraja)  | Manteri Tambahan di Atas Manteri 4  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Penggawa Laila Bentara Diraja Dato Laila Utama Haji Awang Mohammad Abbas Al-Sufri bin Pehin Datu Perdana Manteri Dato Laila Utama Haji Awang Ibrahim
Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Bakti Diraja  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Bakti Diraja Dato Laila Utama Haji Awang Isa bin Pehin Datu Perdana Manteri Dato Laila Utama Haji Awang Ibrahim | Office established
Pehin Sanggamara Asgar Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Sanggamara Asgar Diraja Major Alister Edward Gerald Gauntlett
Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Wijaya  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Wijaya Dato Seri Setia (Dr.) Haji Awang Abdul Aziz bin Begawan Pehin Udana Khatib Dato' Seri Paduka Haji Awang Umar | Office established
Pehin Jawatan Dalam Seri Maharaja  | Manteri 4  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Jawatan Dalam Seri Maharaja Dato Seri Utama Haji Awang Mohd. Jamil Al-Sufri bin Begawan Pehin Udana Khatib Dato Seri Paduka Haji Awang Umar
Pehin Jawatan Luar Pekerma Raja  | Vacant | Yang Berhormat Pehin Jawatan Luar Pekerma Raja Dato Seri Utama (Dr.) Ustaz Haji Awang Mohammad Zain bin Haji Serudin
Pehin Orang Kaya Laksamana  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Laksamana Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Mohd. Taha bin Haji Bakir
Pehin Orang Kaya Shahbandar  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Shahbandar Dato Seri Setia Haji Awang Mohd. Nawawi bin Pehin Orang Kaya Shahbandar Haji Awang Mohd. Taha
Pehin Orang Kaya Datu Petinggi Maha Kornia Diraja  | Manteri Dagang di Bawah Manteri 4  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Datu Patinggi Maha Kornia Diraja Dato Seri Utama Sir Dennis Charles White
Pehin Datu Saudagar Derma Laila  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Saudagar Derma Laila Dato Seri Setia Raoul Teesdale Lloyd-Dolbey
Pehin Orang Kaya Khazanah Negara Laila Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Khazanah Negara Laila Diraja Dato Laila Utama John Lee
Pehin Orang Kaya Tabib Laila Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Tabib Laila Diraja Dato Seri Paduka Major John Moran
Pehin Datu Pahlawan Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Pahlawan Diraja Dato Seri Pahlawan James Richard Henry Burns
Pehin Datu Permakawi Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Permakawi Diraja Flight Lieutenant Dato Seri Pahlawan George Edwin Coster
Pehin Orang Kaya Datu Setia Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Datu Setia Diraja Dato Seri Paduka William Ian Glass
Pehin Datu Laila Didekan  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Laila Didekan Dato Seri Laila Jasa A.D. Bumford
Pehin Datu Tabib Laila Adunan Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Tabib Laila Adunan Diraja Dato Seri Laila Jasa (Dr.) Ian Antrobus Harris
Pehin Datu Tambang Layaran Laila Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Tambang Layaran Laila Diraja Dato Seri Laila Jasa Jack Turner
Pehin Orang Kaya Datu Tabib Laila Setia  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Datu Temanggong  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Temanggong Dato Paduka Lim Teck Hoo
Pehin Datu Bendahari China Bandar, Bandar Seri Begawan  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Bendahari China Bandar, Bandar Seri Begawan Khoo Ban Hock
Pehin Orang Kaya Datu Tabib Indera Setia  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Kapitan China Kornia Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Kapitan China Kornia Diraja Dato Paduka Lau Ah Kok
Pehin Datu Laila Setiawan  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Laila Setiawan Dato Seri Laila Jasa William Henry Doughty
Pehin Datu Derma Setia  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Derma Setia Dato Seri Laila Jasa P. A. Coates
Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Kanun Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Kanun Diraja Dato Laila Utama Idris Talog Davies
Pehin Datu Tabib Laila Lutanan Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Tabib Laila Lutanan Diraja Dato Seri Paduka (Dr.) Peter Loy de Villiers Hart[31]
Pehin Datu Amar Setia Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Amar Setia Diraja Haji Awang Kassim bin Awang Tamin
Pehin Datu Saudagar  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Saudagar Lim Thian Hoo
Pehin Bendahari China Kornia Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Bendahari China Kornia Diraja Ng Teck Hock
Pehin Kapitan Lela Diraja  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Kapitan Lela Diraja Dato Paduka Goh King Chin | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Kapitan Lela Diraja Lim See King
Pehin Bendahari China  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Bendahari China Dato Paduka Onn Siew Siong | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Maharaja Diraja  | Manteri 8 or Manteri Pengalasan Besar  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Maharaja Diraja Dato Seri Paduka Awang Haji Abdul Wahab bin Haji Md. Said  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Maharaja Diraja Dato Paduka Haji Awang Zainal bin Awang Abdul Rahman
Pehin Orang Kaya Perdana Wangsa  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Perdana Indera  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Perdana Indera Awang Haji Mohammad Taha bin Haji Bakir
Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji Awang Mohd. Jamil Al-Sufri bin Begawan Pehin Udana Khatib Dato Seri Paduka Haji Awang Umar
Pehin Orang Kaya Ratna Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Ratna Diraja Dato Seri Utama (Dr.) Ustaz Haji Awang Mohammad Zain bin Haji Serudin
Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Diraja  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Udana Laila  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Udana Laila Dato Paduka Haji Awang Omar bin Awang Mat Serudin
Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Wangsa  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Wangsa Dato Paduka Haji Awang Matserudin bin Pehin Tuan Imam Awang Abdul Rahman
Pehin Datu Imam  | Manteri Ugama di Bawah Manteri 8  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Imam Dato Paduka Seri Setia Ustaz Haji Awang Abdul Hamid bin Bakal
Pehin Seri Raja Khatib / Pehin Siraja Khatib  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Siraja Khatib Dato Paduka Seri Setia (Dr.) Ustaz Awang Haji Yahya bin Haji Ibrahim
Pehin Tuan Imam  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Tuan Imam Dato Paduka Seri Setia (Dr.) Ustaz Haji Awang Abdul Aziz bin Juned
Pehin Udana Khatib  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Udana Khatib Dato Paduka Seri Setia Ustaz Haji Awang Badaruddin bin Pengarah Dato Paduka Haji Awang Othman | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Udana Khatib Dato Paduka Seri Setia (Dr.) Ustaz Haji Awang Abdul Aziz bin Juned
Pehin Orang Kaya Paduka Setia Raja  | Manteri Ugama Tambahan di Bawah Manteri Ugama  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Paduka Setia Raja Dato Paduka Seri Setia Haji Awang Suhaili bin Haji Mohiddin  | Office established
Pehin Orang Kaya Paduka Seri Utama  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Paduka Seri Utama Dato Paduka Seri Setia Haji Awang Salim bin Haji Besar  | Office established
Pehin Orang Kaya Lela Wangsa  | Manteri 16 or Manteri Pengalasan Biasa  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Lela Wangsa Dato Seri Paduka Haji Mohd Salleh bin Haji Masri
Pehin Orang Kaya Indera Wangsa  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Indera Dewa  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Indera Dewa Dato Paduka Haji Musa bin Hitam
Pehin Orang Kaya Udana Indera  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Udana Sura  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Nara Indera  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Sudana Indera  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Indera Laila  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Indera Laila Dato Seri Utama Haji Ismail bin Serudin
Pehin Orang Kaya Udana Setia  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Lela  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Lela Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Abdul Rahman bin Dato Setia Haji Mohamed Taib | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Kerna  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Kerna Dato Seri Setia (Dr.) Haji Awang Abu Bakar bin Haji Apong | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Dewa  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Dewa Major General (R) Dato Seri Pahlawan Awang Haji Mohammad bin Haji Daud | Office established
Pehin Orang Kaya Ratna Dewa  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Indera Sugara  | Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Ratna Setia  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Ratna Setia Dato Seri Setia Haji Awang Abdul Hapidz bin Pehin Orang Kaya Laksamana Haji Awang Abdul Razak
Pehin Orang Kaya Kesuma  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Kesuma Dato Paduka Haji Awang Ali bin Ismail
Pehin Orang Kaya Setia Pahlawan  | Manteri 32 or Manteri Pengalasan Damit  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Setia Pahlawan Dato Seri Setia (Dr.) Awang Haji Ahmad bin Haji Jumat | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Setia Pahlawan Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Abdul Rahman bin Dato Setia Haji Mohamed Taib
Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Pahlawan  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Pahlawan Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Zakaria bin Datu Mahawangsa Haji Sulaiman
Pehin Orang Kaya Johan Pahlawan  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Johan Pahlawan Dato Seri Setia Haji Awang Adanan bin Begawan Pehin Siraja Khatib Dato' Seri Setia Haji Awang Mohd. Yusof | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Hamzah Pahlawan  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Hamzah Pahlawan Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Abdullah bin Begawan Mudim Dato Paduka Haji Bakar | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Indera Pahlawan  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Indera Pahlawan Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Suyoi bin Haji Osman | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Dewa Pahlawan  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Dewa Pahlawan Dato Paduka Awang Haji Dani bin Haji Ibrahim | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Pahlawan  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Pahlawan Colonel (R) Dato Paduka Awang Haji Abdu'r Rahmani bin Dato Paduka Haji Basir | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Lela Pahlawan  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Lela Pahlawan Major General (R) Dato Paduka Seri Awang Haji Mohd. Jaafar bin Haji Abdul Aziz | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Maharaja Seri Rama  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Maharaja Seri Rama Dato Seri Laila Jasa Awang Haji Mohammad bin Abdul Momin
Pehin Orang Kaya Maharaja Kerna  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Maharaja Kerna Dato Paduka Seri Awang Haji Ya'akub bin Pehin Orang Kaya Maharaja Diraja Dato Paduka Haji Awang Zainal | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Maharaja Salia  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Maharaja Salia Dato' Paduka Awang Haji Mohd. Tarif bin Pehin Orang Kaya Perdana Wangsa Haji Muhammad  | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Saiful Mulok  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Saiful Mulok Dato Seri Paduka Awang Haji Abidin bin Orang Kaya Periwara Abdul Rashid
Pehin Orang Kaya Pendikar Alam  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Pendikar Alam Dato Paduka Seri Awang Haji Hasrin bin Dato Paduka Haji Sabtu | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Setia Raja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Setia Raja Dato Seri Paduka Haji Awang Mohammad Ali bin Haji Mohammad Daud
Pehin Orang Kaya Setia Wangsa  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Setia Wangsa Dato Paduka Seri Laila Jasa Awang Haji Ahmad Wally Skinner
Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Dato Seri Setia Haji Awang Abdul Rahman bin Haji Ibrahim | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Dato Seri Setia Haji Awang Mohd. Nawawi bin Pehin Orang Kaya Shahbandar Haji Awang Mohd. Taha
Pehin Orang Kaya Setia Jaya  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Setia Jaya Dato Paduka Haji Awang Abu Hurairah bin Pehin Orang Kaya Di-Gadong Seri Lela Dato Seri Utama Haji Awang Mohd. Taha
Pehin Orang Kaya Lela Raja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Lela Raja Dato Seri Laila Jasa Haji Awang Abdul Rahman bin Haji Abdul Karim[32][33]
Pehin Orang Kaya Lela Sura  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Lela Sura Dato Seri Laila Jasa Awang Haji Abas bin Haji Serudin  | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Perkasa  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Perkasa Colonel (R) Dato Paduka Awang Haji Mahdini bin Dato Paduka Haji Basir  | Office established
Pehin Orang Kaya Lela Utama  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Lela Utama Dato Paduka Awang Haji Jaya bin Abdul Latif
Pehin Orang Kaya Putera Maharaja  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Putera Maharaja Dato Paduka Awang Haji Abdul Ghani bin Pehin Datu Pekerma Dewa Dato Paduka Haji Abdul Rahim  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Putera Maharaja Dato Seri Setia (Dr.) Haji Awang Abu Bakar bin Haji Apong
Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Dewa  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Dewa Dato Seri Setia Lim Jock Seng | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Indera  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Indera Dato Paduka Awang Haji Sidek bin Yahya
Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Jaya  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Jaya Dato Paduka Awang Haji Judin bin Haji Asar | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Lela  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Lela Dato Paduka Haji Awang Chuchu bin Panglima Asgar Dato Paduka Haji Awang Abdullah  | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Laila Diraja  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Laila Diraja Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Hazair bin Haji Abdullah | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Laila Diraja Dato Seri Paduka Awang Haji Abdul Wahab bin Haji Md. Said
Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Setia  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Setia Dato Paduka Awang Haji Abdul Rahman bin Kani  | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Sura  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Sura Awang Haji Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman  | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Utama  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Utama Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Yahya bin Begawan Mudim Dato Paduka Haji Bakar | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Sura Pahlawan  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Sura Pahlawan Dato Paduka Awang Haji Mohd. Tahir bin Metassan  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Sura Pahlawan Haji Awang Abdul Manan bin Awang Mohammad
Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Setia  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Seri Setia Dato Paduka Haji Awang Muhammad Yusuf bin Awang Muhammad Tahir
Pehin Datu Penglima  | Manteri Tambahan di Bawah Manteri 32  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Penglima Colonel (R) Dato Paduka Haji Abdul Jalil bin Haji Ahmad | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Penglima Haji Awang Abu Bakar bin Awang Jambol
Pehin Datu Inderasugara  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Inderasugara Brigadier General (R) Dato Paduka Awang Haji Mohd. Yusof bin Abu Bakar | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Inderasugara Dato Seri Laila Jasa Awang Hj Johari bin Abdul Razak
Pehin Datu Dermajasa  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Dermajasa Dato Hamzah Pahlawan Awang Haji Metali bin Osman
Pehin Datu Singamenteri  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Singamanteri Colonel (R) Dato Seri Setia (Dr.) Awang Haji Mohd. Yasmin bin Haji Umar | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Singamenteri Ariff bin Mujun
Pehin Orang Kaya Datu Indera Setia Diraja  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Datu Indera Setia Diraja Brigadier General (R) Dato Paduka Awang Haji Abdul Aziz bin Orang Kaya Kaya Datu Abdullah  | Office established
Pehin Datu Maharajalela  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Maharajalela Lieutenant Colonel (R) Dato Seri Laila Jasa Awang Haji Musa bin Haji Ya'akub | Office established
Pehin Datu Harimaupadang  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Harimaupadang Major General (R) Dato Paduka Seri Awang Haji Husin bin Ahmad | Office established
Pehin Datu Juragan Laila Diraja  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Juragan Laila Diraja Colonel (R) Dato Seri Pahlawan Awang Haji Kefli bin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Haji Razali | Office established
Pehin Datu Pekerma Bijaya  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Pekerma Bijaya Colonel (R) Dato Paduka Awang Haji Hussin bin Haji Sulaiman  | Office established
Pehin Datu Laksamana  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Laksamana Dato Paduka Awang Haji Abdul Latif bin Haji Abdul Ghafar  | Office established
Pehin Datu Indera Negara  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Indera Negara Lieutenant Colonel (R) Dato Paduka Awang Haji Mohd. Ariffin bin Dato Paduka Haji Abdul Wahab | Office established
Pehin Datu Indera Setia  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Indera Setia Major General (R) Dato Paduka Seri Haji Awang Sulaiman bin Haji Awang Damit
Pehin Datu Dermasakti  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Dermasakti Dato Paduka Awang Haji Abdul Razak bin Abdullah  | Office established
Pehin Datu Padukaraja  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Padukaraja Major General (R) Dato Paduka Seri Awang Haji Shari bin Ahmad | Office established
Pehin Datu Kesuma Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Kesuma Diraja Colonel (R) Awang Haji Abdul Rahman bin Mustapha
Pehin Datu Pekerma Dewa  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Pekerma Dewa Awang Haji Muhd Ali bin Abdullah Hitam
Pehin Datu Lailaraja  | Yang Berhormat Pehin Datu Lailaraja Major General (R) Dato Paduka Seri Haji Awang Halbi bin Haji Mohammad Yusof | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Lailaraja Awang Haji Abu Bakar bin Baha
Pehin Datu Perkasa  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Perkasa Colonel (R) Dato Seri Laila Jasa Awang Haji Ishak bin Haji Abdul Hamid
Pehin Datu Pekerma Jaya  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Pekerma Jaya Major General (R) Dato Paduka Seri Awang Mohammad Tawih bin Abdullah | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Pekerma Jaya Haji Mohammad Yussof bin Mohammad Said
Pehin Datu Kerma Setia  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Kerma Setia Dato Paduka Seri Awang Zainuddin bin Jalani  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Kerma Setia Major (R) Dato Seri Laila Jasa Awang Mohammad Don bin Haji Abdul Latif
Pehin Datu Bendahara  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Datu Bendahara Lieutenant Colonel (R) Awang Sari bin Ahmad  | Office established
Pehin Manteri Bini  | Manteri (Dalam) Istana  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Manteri Bini Datin Paduka Dayang Hajah Aminah binti Haji Yassin  | Unknown
Pehin Jawatan Bini  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Jawatan Bini Datin Paduka Dayang Hajah Siti binti Haji Mohammad Yusof Khan  | Unknown
Pehin Manda Bini  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Manda Bini Kawang Limah binti Awang Besar
Seri Laila Pengiring Diraja  | Yang Dimuliakan Seri Laila Pengiring Diraja Datin Seri Utama Dayang Hajah Rosnah binti Abdullah  | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Jurulateh Adat Istiadat Diraja  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Jurulateh Adat Istiadat Diraja Dato Paduka Haji Awang Mashhor bin Haji Awang Metahir  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Jurulateh Adat Istiadat Diraja Haji Awang Hussain bin Pehin Penyurat Awang Matseruddin
Pehin Penyurat  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Penyurat Awang Maidin bin Begawan Pehin Siraja Khatib Dato Paduka Seri Setia Haji Awang Abdul Hamid  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Penyurat Haji Awang Mashhor bin Haji Awang Metahir
Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Penyurat Haji Awang Osman bin Begawan Pehin Khatib Dato Paduka Haji Awang Mohammad Said  | Unknown
Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Penyurat Haji Awang Ahmad bin Pehin Jawatan Dalam Haji Awang Mohd Yusof
Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Bendahari  | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Bendahari Haji Awang Abu Bakar bin Pehin Orang Kaya Udana Laila Dato Paduka Haji Awang Umar  | Unknown
Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Bendahari Awang Maidin bin Begawan Pehin Siraja Khatib Dato Paduka Seri Setia Haji Awang Abdul Hamid
Vacant | Unknown
Vacant | Unknown
Pehin Orang Kaya Perbendaharaan Diraja  | Vacant | Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Perbendaharaan Diraja (Begawan Pehin Khatib) Dato Seri Setia Haji Awang Ali Hussain bin Pehin Khatib Awang Mohammad
Dayang-Dayang Diraja  | Vacant | Unknown

### Manteri Bertauliah

[edit]

The list of Manteri Bertauliah below is as of 6 September 2022.[18][11]

Title  | Manteri  | Incumbent

|
|

Mudim  | Mudim[g] | Vacant
Vacant
Vacant
Vacant
Vacant
Vacant
Vacant
Vacant
Begawan Mudim  | Yang Mulia Begawan Mudim Awang Haji Mat Salleh bin Haji Damit[34]
Yang Mulia Begawan Mudim Awang Haji Amran bin Haji Md. Salleh[34]
Yang Mulia Begawan Mudim Awang Haji Suhaili bin Haji Kalong[34]
Yang Mulia Begawan Mudim Awang Haji Abdul Latif bin Haji Saman
Yang Mulia Begawan Mudim Awang Haji Safar @ Kifley bin Haji Laji
Yang Mulia Begawan Mudim Awang Haji Ahmad Kasra bin Haji Ibrahim[34]
Yang Mulia Begawan Mudim Awang Haji Tamin bin Haji Putting[34]
Panglima Diraja  | Panglima  | Yang Mulia Panglima Diraja Dato' Paduka Awang Haji Abdul Rashid bin Haji Ibrahim
Yang Mulia Panglima Diraja Awang Rinair Rupiaán bin Awang Tajudin
Panglima Asgar  | Yang Mulia Panglima Asgar Sergeant Awang Abdul Rashid bin Metarsad[34]
Perwira Diraja  | Perwira  | Yang Mulia Perwira Diraja Awang Haji Abdul Hamid bin Haji Mohd. Salleh
Yang Mulia Perwira Diraja Awang Haji Sahmbari bin Haji Lias
Perwira Asgar  | Yang Mulia Perwira Asgar Awang Haji Abdullah bin Unin
Yang Mulia Perwira Asgar Corporal Awang Mohamad Badarudin bin Haji Mohd. Sofian[34]
Hulubalang Diraja  | Hulubalang  | Yang Mulia Hulubalang Diraja Awang Lundin bin Salleh
Yang Mulia Hulubalang Diraja Awang Mohamad Arfandey bin Abu Bakar
Hulubalang Asgar  | Yang Mulia Hulubalang Asgar Awang Ahmad bin Haji Masri
Yang Mulia Hulubalang Asgar Corporal Awang Abdul Malik bin Awang Hidup[34]
Pahlawan  | Pahlawan  | Vacant
Vacant
Pateh  | Pateh  | Vacant
Damong  | Damong  | Vacant
Pengarah Mukim  | Pengarah  | Vacant
Pengarah Digadong  | Vacant
Pengarah  | Yang Mulia Pengarah Awang Jaini bin Haji Mahmud
Yang Mulia Pengarah Awang Haji Abdul Rahman bin Haji Naim
Yang Mulia Pengarah Awang Haji Abdullah Sunny bin Haji Bakar
Yang Mulia Pengarah Awang Haji Kilali bin Haji Abd. Rahman[34]
Yang Mulia Pengarah Haji Awang Abdullah bin Pehin Orang Kaya Perbendaharaan Diraja (Begawan Pehin Khatib) Dato Seri Setia Haji Awang Ali Hussein
Yang Mulia Pengarah Awang Haji Brahim @ Momin bin Haji Mohd. Yusof[34]
Vacant
Vacant
Janang  | Janang  | Vacant
Malek  | Malek  | Vacant
Ketua Juru Laki  | Ketua Juru Laki  | Vacant
Juru Laki  | Juru Laki  | Yang Mulia Juru Laki Awang Haji Johan Areffen bin Hassan
Vacant
Juru Bini  | Juru Bini  | Yang Mulia Juru Bini Dayang Hajah Rokiah binti Panglima Diraja Dato Paduka Haji Mohiddin
Orang Kaya Besar  | Kepala Manteri Pendalaman  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Harimau Padang  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Laila Perkasa  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Setia Bakti  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Perkasa Setia Diraja  | Manteri Pendalaman atau Manteri Darat  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Seri Pahlawan  | Vacant
Datu Setiawan  | Vacant
Datu Seri Paduka Tuan  | Vacant
Datu Ratna  | Vacant
Datu Kerna  | Vacant
Datu Mahawangsa  | Vacant
Datu Seri Laila  | Vacant
Datu Panglima  | Vacant
Pengarah  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Kesuma  | Yang Mulia Orang Kaya Kesuma Awang Haji Md. Yunos bin Haji Kamis
Orang Kaya Bandar  | Vacant
Datu Harimau Alam  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Laila Negara  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Maharaja Dinda  | Vacant
Datu Derma Wijaya  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Bendahara  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Paduka Setia Diraja  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Pemancha  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Dewa Setia Diraja  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Rimba  | Vacant
Datu Maharaja Setia  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Seri Ratna  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Indera Perkasa  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Setia Laila  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Laila Setia  | Vacant
Penyurat  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Setia Negara  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Jaya Putera  | Yang Mulia Orang Kaya Jaya Putera Dato Paduka Awang Haji Mohd. Taha bin Abd Rauf
Datu Lela Raja  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Ali Wanika  | Vacant
Datu Setia Diraja  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Seri Dewa  | Vacant
Datu Laila Diraja  | Vacant
Datu Kornia Diraja  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Perwira (Periwara)  | Yang Mulia Orang Kaya Periwara Awang Harun bin Abdullah @ Orang Kaya Setia Garisau Masing
Orang Kaya Seri Bijaya  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Maha Bijaya  | Yang Mulia Orang Kaya Maha Bijaya Awang Haji Othman bin Uking
Orang Kaya Pekerma Indera  | Vacant
Bendahari  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Dewa  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Pekerma Dewa  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Seri Utama  | Vacant
Datu Hulubalang  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Temanggong  | Vacant
Datu Maharaja Lela  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Muda  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Sura  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Seri Dana  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Garisau  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Kaya  | Yang Mulia Orang Kaya Kaya Awang Haji Nordin bin Haji Arsad
Orang Kaya Maharaja Lela  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Setia  | Yang Mulia Orang Kaya Setia Awang Haji Ahmad bin Haji Lakim
Orang Kaya Harimau Sultan  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Harimau Alam  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Harimau Kumbang  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Machan Kambing  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Singa Naga Laila  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Singa Pahlawan  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Gulanggi Alam  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Sandar Sumandar  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Megat Diraja  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Indera Kala  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Sura Laila  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Laila Perwira  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Sang Bijaya Setia  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Gampar Alam  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Kandar Alam  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Indera Muda  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Gerha Diraja  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Seri Sikandi Maharaja  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Seri Jati  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Chendera Jati  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Bala Bandar  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Penglima Sultan  | Vacant
Orang Kaya Singamenteri  | Vacant

## See also

[edit]

* Cheteria
* Wazir
* Council of Cabinet Ministers

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ An elite sub-group of two people who are each given the prefix Yang Dimuliakan Lagi Dihormati leads the Manteri.[12]
2. ^ There are 24 posts that are specifically designated for non-indigenous individuals, making up the second branch of the aristocracy proper.[13]
3. ^ A subset of the 32 aristocratic group, consisting of an additional set of 21 offices, is designated for top military and law enforcement personnel.[14]
4. ^ Manteri Istana is reserved fo palace-based positions with the first four are exclusive to women.[14]
5. ^ The Manteri Hulubalang is a group of warrior-class offices that make up the third branch of the aristocracy proper.[13]
6. ^ The Manteri Pendalaman, also known as the Manteri Darat, is a branch of the Brunei aristocracy with officials assigned to each of the country's four districts. The Brunei-Muara district has 17 offices for the Manteri Pendalaman, while the Belait District has 12, the Temburong District has 8, and the Tutong District has 18 offices. Each district's Manteri Pendalaman serves specific local governance roles.[19]
7. ^ The religious aristocratic titles known as "Begawan Mudim" are bestowed upon office holders of the Mudim group upon their retirement from public service at the age of 55.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Jamil Al-Sufri 2002, p. 13.
2. ^ Melayu Islam Beraja Menengah II (in Malay). Jabatan Perkembangan Kurikulum. 1998. p. 18\. ISBN 9991722394.
3. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 53–54.
4. ^ a b Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 52.
5. ^ a b Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 42.
6. ^ Institusi Fatwa Negara Brunei Darussalam (PDF) (in Malay). pp. 107–111.
7. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 41.
8. ^ a b Li Li 2015, p. 57.
9. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 45.
10. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 53.
11. ^ a b Jamil Al-Sufri 2002, p. 579–592.
12. ^ Mohidin 2014, pp. 34.
13. ^ a b Mohidin 2014, pp. 37.
14. ^ a b Mohidin 2014, pp. 36.
15. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. xviii.
16. ^ Noor, Adib (19 April 2022). "His Majesty graces Nuzul Al-Quran celebration". Borneo Bulletin Online. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
17. ^ Melayu Islam Beraja Menengah II (in Malay). Jabatan Perkembangan Kurikulum. 1998. p. 19\. ISBN 9991722394.
18. ^ a b c "Manteri Pendalaman dan Hulubalang" (PDF). adat-istiadat.gov.bn. 30 January 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
19. ^ Mohidin 2014, pp. 38–39.
20. ^ Mohidin 2014, p. 35.
21. ^ a b "Pehin-Pehin Manteri dan Manteri Ugama" (PDF). adat-istiadat.gov.bn. 30 January 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
22. ^ a b Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 48.
23. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 181.
24. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 182.
25. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 49–50.
26. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. 187.
27. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2005, p. xv.
28. ^ Traditional Handicraft of Brunei Darussalam (PDF) (in Malay). Information Department. 2018. p. 78\. ISBN 99917-49-29-2.
29. ^ Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah 2014, p. 35.
30. ^ "SENARAI NAMA-NAMA GELARAN DAN ORANG-ORANG YANG DIKURNIAI GELARAN" (PDF). www.adat-istiadat.gov.bn (in Malay). 7 February 2024. p. 9. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
31. ^ "Peter Loy de Villiers Hart | RCP Museum". history.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
32. ^ "ISDEV NEWS: FOREVER AFFECTIONATELY IN OUR HEARTS: YDM PEHIN ABDUL RAHMAN IN REMEMBRANCE". ISDEV NEWS. 12 July 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
33. ^ "Berangkat ziarahi jenazah Allahyarham YDM POKLRDSLJ Haji Awang Abdul Rahman" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn. 10 July 2019. pp. 1 and 3. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "News - PENTAULIAHAN MANTERI HULUBALANG SEMPURNA..." www.mindef.gov.bn. Retrieved 1 January 2024.

* Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah (2005). Traditional Woven Textiles: Tradition and Identity Construction in the 'New State' of Brunei Darussalam (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Western Australia. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
* Jamil Al-Sufri (2002). Adat Istiadat Diraja Brunei (in Malay). Bandar Seri Begawan: Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara. ISBN 9991734228.
* Li Li, Pang (2015). Minority Participation in an Islamic Negara (PDF). Policy Studies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022.
* Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah (2014). Sejarah Sosio-Budaya Kraftangan di Brunei Darussalam: Barangan Logam dan Kain Tenunan (PDF) (in Malay). Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah.
* Mohidin, Musa, ed. (2014). BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 2005-2009 (PART ONE) (PDF). English Publication Unit, Department of Information, Prime Minister's Office. ISBN 978-99917-49-51-8.

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