March of the Living

Annual international Holocaust education and remembrance program

March of the Living

Native name|  Marsz Żywych (Polish), מצעד החיים (Hebrew)
Date| March or April annually
Location| Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland
Type| March
Theme| The Holocaust
Cause| Holocaust remembrance and education
Participants| Students, Holocaust survivors, dignitaries
Website| https://motl.org

The March of the Living (Hebrew: מצעד החיים, Mits'ad HaKhayim; Polish: Marsz Żywych) is an annual educational program which brings students from around the world to Poland, where they explore the remnants of the Holocaust. On Holocaust Memorial Day observed in the Jewish calendar (Yom HaShoah), thousands of participants march silently from Auschwitz to Birkenau.

The March of the Living was founded in 1988, under the leadership of Israeli Likud politician Abraham Hirchson, Shmuel Rosenman, and Israeli attorney Baruch Adler, a child of a Holocaust survivor who was hidden by one of the Righteous Among the Nations.[1][2][3] Adler travelled to  Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1986 to set the groundwork for the first March of the Living, and also to search for his mother’s rescuer (but could not make contact until the fall of Communism, after 1989).[4]

Speaking about the founding of the March of the Living, Adler paid to tribute to values he learned from his mother and her rescuer. “We believe that our children and grandchildren will continue carrying the torch of identification with the values of loyalty, courage, perseverance and faith in life, and hope that goodness will prevail. This message is well understood, perhaps more than anyone else, by the organizers and participants of the March of the Living."[4]

Since its inception, almost 300,000 participants – including world leaders, educators, Holocaust survivors and students – have taken part in the program.[5][6]

## History

[edit]

The program was established in 1988 and takes place annually for two weeks around April and May, immediately following Passover. The initial program involved approximately 1500 Jewish high school students and teachers, mostly from North America, France, and Israel. Since 1996, it has been held annually.[7][8][9]

The Israeli founders of the March of the Living were politician Avraham Hirschson, educator Dr. Shmuel Rosenman, and attorney Baruch Adler. They were assisted in the early years by Jewish communal leaders and philanthropists from the United States (Alvin Schiff, Gene Greenzweig, Dr. David Machlis, and Joseph Wilf, the first North American Chair of the March of the Living), and Canada (Walter Hess, Shlomo Shimon, Rabbi Irwin Witty, and Eli Rubenstein).

In 1988, the initial march gathered considerable media attention. Notable personalities such as Nobel Peace Prize laureate Elie Wiesel, Rabbi Israel Meir Lau, Yitzhak Navon, Bibi Netanyahu, and some Polish dignitaries were among its attendees. In a 1988 Maariv article, published on the day of the first March of the Living, on April 14, 1988, mention is made of important dignitaries in attendance, including: Yitzchak Navon, Avraham Sharir, Simcha Dinitz, Shevach Wiess, Matityahu Drobles, and March of the Living cofounder, Avraham Hirschson.[10] Other cofounders in attendance were Dr. Shmuel Rosenman & Baruch Adler.[11][12]

## Commemoration of World War II death marches

[edit]

Writer and journalist Meir Uziel proposed the name "March of the Living" to contrast the death marches that were typical at the end of World War II.[12] When Nazi Germany withdrew its soldiers from forced-labour camps, inmates – most already starving and stricken by oppressive work – were forced to march hundreds of miles farther west, while those who lagged behind or fell were shot or left to freeze to death in the winter climate. The March of the Living, in contrast to the death marches, serves to illustrate the continued existence of the Jewish people despite Nazi attempts at their obliteration.

After spending a week in Poland visiting other sites of Nazi Germany's persecution, such as Majdanek, Treblinka, and the Warsaw Ghetto, and former sites of Jewish life and culture, various Synagogues, many of the participants in the March also travel on to Israel where they observe Yom HaZikaron and celebrate Israel's Independence Day.[13]

## Exhibit

[edit]

In mid January 2014 a new exhibit on the March of the Living opened at the United Nations, which housed the exhibit until the end of March 2014. Titled "When you Listen to a Witness, You Become a Witness", the exhibit includes photographs, documents and writings devoted to the 25-year history of the March of the Living.[14]

An interactive component of the exhibition allows visitors to fill out their own pledge of tolerance and compassion which may be taken on the March of the Living and planted alongside thousands of other plaques of tolerance and compassion on the very grounds of Auschwitz-Birkenau.[15]

The title of the exhibit is taken from the words of Judy Weissenberg Cohen in a speech given to students on the 1997 March of the Living describing the last time she saw her mother during the selection of Hungarian Jewry in Auschwitz-Birkenau in the spring of 1944.[11][16][17]

On 10 March 2014, a group of students from New York's Pine Bush High School[18] – part of a district where there have been press reports alleging widespread antisemitism – visited the UN Exhibit. They were addressed by Holocaust survivors Judy Weissenberg Cohen and Fanya Heller, as well as by Rick Carrier, a World War II Liberator.[19][20]

The UN Exhibit became the basis of a book published in the fall of 2015, titled, Witness: Passing the Torch of Holocaust Memory to New Generations. The book has a unique interactive feature where the survivors, World War II liberators, and Righteous Among the Nations featured in the book, include an invisible link embedded on their image. When their image is accessed with a smart phone or other device, the reader is taken to an excerpt of their video testimony on USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education (created by Steven Spielberg) or March of the Living Digital Archive Project websites.[21] Translations in several other languages are already in the works.[22]

In May 2016, the March of the Living held a large celebratory event near Jerusalem on Yom Ha'atzmaut (Israel Independence Day). Co-founder, Shmuel Rosenman introduced the ninth president of Israel, Shimon Peres. During his speech, he was quoted saying, "I know people say that Israel is a miracle. Israel is not a miracle – Israel is a belief, a hope, a trust, a land – it's not an accident!...The founding of State of Israel was done by people who believe in human beings, who believe in a better world, who believe peace and friendship. And I'm telling you, this is the future!"[23] "Some people are afraid of anti-Semites – don't be afraid. They have an ugly past, and they'll have a dark future. They believe in eternity and we believe in eternity. Their eternity is hate, our eternity is love....Nobody could have broken us. They hate us, they persecute us, they killed many of us, but we remain and we shall remain, and we shall win because we stand on the side of man, of the right, of justice, of the future!"

"I want to tell you, young and old, the job is not over. But what we have achieved guarantees that we can be over the goal. We can do much more. You can do much more! And you should do much more!"[24]

Aharon Tamir (left), deputy chairman of March of the Living, meeting with Polish president Andrzej Duda in 2019

In recent years the March of the Living (MOTL) has attempted to broaden its focus from only concentrating on the Holocaust, and include other program content in the Poland portion of the trip. These elements include: celebrating Jewish life before the war, establishing dialogue with Polish students, meeting with Polish Righteous among the Nations, and connecting with the contemporary Polish Jewish community.[25]

in 2018, marking 30 years since the first March, Israel's delegation to the United Nations headquarters held an event with participation from Holocaust Survivors and other ambassadors from around the world. The reports also note a second reason for the gathering, a new law passed in Poland, absolving them of responsibility for the Holocaust. During the event, an exhibition called "Testimony" was inaugurated. The exhibition features a collection of photographs showcasing Holocaust survivors as well as students who have taken part in the parade since 1988, creating an additional experience for its visitors. Israel's Ambassador to the UN, Danny Danon talked about witnessing attempts rewrite history, saying, "It is precisely from the UN headquarters that was established following the greatest tragedy known to mankind that we must oppose any move to change the face of history and rewrite it. Every day, and especially on this day, it is more important than ever to remember those who perished and perpetuate the truth." March of the Living's president and co-founder Phyllis Heideman said, "We should not see the Holocaust as a historical, distant event, but as a perpetual symbol of darkness and darkness." Co-founder and chairman Dr. Shmuel Rosenman, speaking about the March explained, "The youth go to Poland for a week and from there to Israel for a week. Even before they leave for the trip, 12 meetings are held in which they receive an overview of everything related to the Holocaust and Israel. Close to 40% of the youth, by the way, are not Jewish."[26][27]

As part of a global initiative to raise awareness about antisemitism, the march includes non-Jewish young people as well. They believe that the key to fighting this disease is through clear and defined efforts to combat it, and they hope to spark a meaningful conversation about the issue.[12]

## Cultural impact

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Canadian teens meet with their Polish counterparts in Warsaw on the March of the Living (2 photos)

The March of the Living has significantly influenced global Holocaust remembrance and education since its inception in 1988. A cornerstone of the March is the firsthand accounts shared by Holocaust survivors at the sites where atrocities occurred. These narratives provide participants with a profound understanding of history, fostering a personal connection to the events of the Holocaust. As the number of living survivors diminishes, initiatives like the March of the Living Digital Archive Project have been established to record and preserve these testimonies for future generations.[28]

Further information: March of the Living Digital Archive Project

In May 2023, The March of the Living's Chairman described the modern culture of the new participants saying, "This year, we brought a new group of young leaders: online influencers and bloggers were on the March. They helped us reach new audiences of young people. Millions of views on social media, thousands of comments, shares and "likes". Because in a world where books are not burned but rather cancelled online, we should all be united in speaking out against antisemitism and all forms of hatred."[29]

When speaking about this year's upcoming march [in 2024] Rosenman stated special attention will be paid to fighting antisemitism, with emphasis on the atrocities of 7 October. "Now we see the [parallel] between the Holocaust and what happened in October."[30]

In January 2024, the Israeli president Isaac Herzog hosted an event at his residence with March of the Living to commemorate the Kindertransport, which brought nearly 10,000 children from Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland to the United Kingdom in 1938–1939 during the Nazi regime. The event brought survivors of the Holocaust together and those who were part of the Kindertransport.[31] Chairman Shmuel Rosenman commented "[We were] shocked by the stories of the survivors about what they experienced 85 years ago, and horrified by the abhorrent stories from Israel. We were reminded that the hatred of the Jews has no expiration date. It changes its form. But its motivation is the same – the annihilation of the Jewish people."[32]

It is worth noting that a group of 30 adults, young adults, and Holocaust survivors from Australia is set to participate in the March of the Living in 2024, representing the Australian delegation's 23rd year in attendance. Since 2001, when Australia first joined the March, around 2,000 Australians have taken part in this event. This number includes 1,200 students, 450 adults, 300 educators and survivors, and 50 young adults.[33]

## Documentaries and publications

[edit]

In 1988, the March of the Living program began with around 1500 Jewish high school students and teachers from North America, France, and Israel.[9] The very first documentary film on the program was made during this time, following the Florida March of the Living delegation. This was an Emmy Award-winning film with Suzanne Lasky Gerard directing, while Colleen Dewhurst and Jonathan Silverman provided the narration, and the soundtrack was by Vadim Dreyzin. The film was updated by director in 2023, and titled "The March of the Living: Then and Now."[34][35] In 1993, "For You Who Died I Must Live On...Reflections on the March of the Living" was published by Mosaic Press. The book was edited by Eli Rubenstein, and featured the experiences from participants on the March from its first four years. It was subtitled, "Contemporary Jewish Youth Confront the Holocaust." The book won the 1994 Canadian Jewish Book Award.[36]

Each of Us Has a Name (1999) was produced and directed by Fern Levitt follows the journey of Canadian Jewish teenagers and Holocaust survivors on the March of the Living as they visit former Nazi German death camps in Poland, as well as other historic sites in the country.[37] (Global Television Network) In 2009 two different documentaries featured March of the Living participants or students on similar experiences during their time on the trip. The documentary Defamation, by filmmaker Yoav Shamir, includes a group of Israeli students during their time at Poland sites, including the stop at Auschwitz.[38] Director Jessica Sanders made a documentary titled March of the Living, which focuses entirely on the program and participants.[39]

Witness: Passing the Torch of Holocaust Memory to New Generations is a book authored by Eli Rubenstein and published by Second Story Press in 2015. The book is inspired by a 2014 United Nations exhibit showcasing the reflections and images of Holocaust survivors and students who participated in the March of the Living since 1988. Witness has been published in Spanish, Polish, and Hebrew languages. In 2020, a special edition of the book was released to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the end of WWII and the liberation of Europe from Nazi tyranny. This edition features liberation stories of Holocaust survivors, an afterword by Steven Spielberg, founder of the USC Shoah Foundation, and content from Pope John Paul II and Pope Francis related to the March of the Living and stories concerning the Righteous Among the Nations.

Notable individuals quoted in Witness

Pope Francis: "Work for peace. Unite with people from different cultures and religions. Keep an open heart. Don't discriminate. Welcome and understand others. May God bless you."[40] Pope John Paul II: "I know all about the March of the Living. God bless your daughter, and God bless the March of the Living."[40]

President Barack Obama: "I think of Pinchas Gutter, a man who lived through the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, and survived the Majdanek death camp…'I tell my story,' he says, 'for the purpose of improving humanity, drop by drop by drop. Like a drop of water falls on a stone and erodes it, so, hopefully, by telling my story over and over again, I will achieve the purpose of making the world a better place to live in.' Those are the words of one survivor – performing that sacred duty of memory – that will echo throughout eternity. Those are good words for all of us to live by." [41]

Elie Wiesel: "Forever will I see the children who no longer have the strength to cry. Forever will I see the elderly who no longer have the strength to help them. Forever will I see the mothers and the fathers, the grandfathers and grandmothers, the little schoolchildren…their teachers…the righteous and the pious…. From where do we take the tears to cry over them? Who has the strength to cry for them?"[42]

Steven Spielberg: "We've never had a Remembrance Day quite like this. But today, on Yom HaShoah, we gather for our first-ever virtual March of the Living. And I wish we could all be together in person. But what's important is that we are together now. Because this virtual gathering not only gives us a chance to remember the horrors we faced in the past, it also shines a light on the struggles that lie ahead and those we face as a community this very day. The work we are doing – which is your work – is already having a generational impact. So for that I can only say thank you. Thank you for your bravery. Thank you for your commitment to the March of the Living. And thank you for gathering today to look back, as we continue the vital work of ensuring a better future.[43]

So to the survivors among you: Your stories are safe with us. They remind not only of your unwavering courage, but also that the days ahead are going to be filled with light and hope."[43]

Late 2015 saw the release of Blind Love, a documentary film about six blind Israelis traveling to Poland with the help of their guide dogs on the March of the Living to learn about the Holocaust. The blind participants and their guide dogs marched from Auschwitz-Birkenau in memory of the victims of Nazi genocide and against prejudice, intolerance and hate.[44]

The film premiered during Holocaust Education Week in Toronto, with the co-sponsorship of the Toronto Jewish Film Festival. It was also broadcast on the CBC's Canadian speciality channel Documentary in late 2015 and then again in 2017 on Holocaust Remembrance Day, as well as in Israel on its main station Channel 10 (Israel) on the same day. The film also was broadcast on PBS in the United States.[44][45][46]

"Voices of Liberation" (2015) includes Holocaust survivors sharing their moments of liberation, 70 years later. The documentary premiered in Auschwitz-Birkenau on 'Yom HaShoah' (Holocaust Memorial Day), 16 April 2015, at the conclusion of the March of the Living. The film was directed by award winning director Matthew Shoychet with music by Canadian composer Ryan Shore. Archival footage was provided by the Toronto Holocaust Museum, March of the Living and the USC Shoah Foundation.[47]

The film "Our Liberation: Stories of Holocaust Survivors Road to Freedom" was premiered on i24NEWS by International March of the Living and the March on International Holocaust Remembrance Day 2021.[48]

The movie depicts the emotional experiences of six Holocaust survivors as they return to the moment when Allied troops liberated the Nazi concentration camps, granting them the long-awaited freedom.[49]

Naomi Wise directed and produced the documentary. The film highlights the personal stories of Holocaust survivors who participated in the March of the Living. The survivors featured are Miriam Ziegler, Faigie Libman, Ernest Ehrmann, and Joe Mandel, as well as the late Robert Engel Z"L and Howard Kleinberg Z"L.[50][51]

"Witness: Passing the Torch of Holocaust Memory to New Generations", directed by Naomi Wise, premiered  on i24 News on International Holocaust Survivors Day, on 24 June 2021.  The event marked the first ever international Holocaust Survivor Day, honoring the resilience, courage and contributions of Holocaust Survivors.[52][53]

The film, shot on location on the March of the Living in Poland, draws on the most poignant moments captured between survivors and students since 1988. March of the Living Survivors featured in the film include Lillian Boraks-Nemetz, Judy Cohen, Max Eisen, Max Glauben, Bill Glied, Pinchas Gutter, Denise Hans, Anna Heilman, Mania Hudy, Max Iland, Howard Kleinberg, Nate Leipciger, Faigie Libman, Sol Nayman, Edward Mosberg, Irving Roth, Rena Schondorf, Albert Silwin, Stefania Sitbon, Sally Wasserman, Elie Wiesel, Helen Yurmas,  Miriam Zacrojcyk, and Sidney Zoltak.[53][52] "Saving the World Entire: Rescuers During the Holocaust" (2023),  directed by Naomi Wise, premiered on i24 News on International Holocaust Remembrance Day on 27 January 2023[54][55][56]

27 January, the anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, is globally recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. Saving the World Entire profiles the courage of four Righteous Among the Nations, who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Archival testimony – provided by USC Shoah Foundation and March of the Living – focuses on four Polish rescuers whose stories have been shared with March of the Living students. The Polish rescuers – all honoured at Yad Vashem as  Righteous Among the Nations – are Zygmunt Krynski,  Sister Klara Jaroszynska, Czeslawa Zak, and Krystyna Puchalski-Maciejewskai. The Holocaust survivors they rescued who share their story in the film are Sidney Zoltak, Eva Kuper, Olga Kost & Felix Zandman.[57][56][54][55]

In 2024 coinciding with International Holocaust Remembrance Day, International March of the Living released two Holocaust documentaries related to the Kindertransport:

"Journey of Hope": Retracing the Kindertransport after 85 Years" is a documentary featuring three Kindertransport survivors, Walter Bingham (100) Paul Alexander (85) and George Shefi (92), retracing the journey they took to escape Germany as children 85 years ago after the Kristallnacht pogrom.[58][59][60]

The film premiered on 24 January 2024 at the Israeli President's Residence with the attendance of President Isaac Herzog and First Lady Michal Herzog and nine Kindertransport survivors, including Mirjam Beit Talmi Szpiro, who was both a Kindertransport survivor as well as a survivor of the Hamas attack on Israel on 7 October 2023, at Kibbutz Zikim. The film was  broadcast on i24News.[61]

In January 2024, International March of the Living released the film "If We Never See Each Other Again", a documentary based on interviews with Kindertransport survivors from the USC Shoah Foundation, marking 85 years since the start of the first Kindertransport. The film was aired on JBS.[62]

### Heroes of the Holocaust: 80 Years Since Liberation

[edit]

On June 4, 2025, Holocaust Survivor Day, the International March of the Living premiered the documentary, Heroes of the Holocaust: 80 Years Since Liberation on i24 News and its YouTube channel. This film commemorated the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Nazi concentration camps and the end of World War II. The film was directed and edited by Naomi Wise and co-executive produced by Revital Yakin Krakovsky and Eli Rubenstein. Preceding the broadcast, interviews with Michel Gourary, Director of the European March of the Living, and Holocaust survivor Irene Shashar Lewkowiczc provided additional context.

The documentary featured poignant footage of 80 Holocaust survivors from Israel and the Diaspora participating in the 2025 March of the Living at Auschwitz. It also included appearances by former October 7 hostages who joined the survivors in the March. Merrill Eisenhower, great-grandson of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, participated in the film, highlighting his ancestor's commitment to documenting Nazi atrocities to ensure they would never be forgotten or denied.[63][64]

The International March of the Living has commissioned a number of shorter Holocaust documentaries:

* The Choice is Ours: Courageous Acts of Medical Professionals During the Holocaust[65][66]
* Full Circle – Ukrainian Family Saves Jewish Woman During Holocaust – 80 Years Later Kindness Repaid[67][68]
* United We Stand: Black Soldiers Liberating Hitler's Camps and Jewish Activists in Civil Rights Movement[69]
* It Was The Right Thing To Do[70]
* Point of No Return: The Nuremberg Laws[71]
* Nuremberg Trials – Staying the Hand of Vengeance[72]
* 100,000 Souls: The Legacy of Raoul Wallenberg[73]
* Czeslawa & Olga[74]
* Twice Liberated[75]
* Candles of Kindness[76]
* Auschwitz-Birkenau: 70 Years After Liberation; A Warning to Future Generations[77]
* Lay Down Your Arms[78]
* Requiem for the Warsaw Ghetto[79]
* Live and Die with Honor: The Story of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising[80]
* I Am Anne Frank[81]

## 2020–2021 cancellation due to COVID-19

[edit]

For the first time since its inception in 1988, the March of the Living program to Poland and Israel was cancelled in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In its place, an online virtual program was implemented instead in 2020 and 2021 [82][83][84] The in-person March of the Living resumed in 2022, though some groups cancelled because of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[85]

## The 2025 March of the Living - 80 Year Commemoration

[edit]

Further information: Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp § Liberation

The 2025 International March of the Living took place on April 24 (Holocaust Remembrance Day), marking the 80th anniversary of the liberation of the camps and the end of WWII. Eighty Holocaust Survivors, 40 from Israel and 40 from the Diaspora, attended the March of the Living on the 80th anniversary of their liberation.[86]

The event was the largest in recent history, and brought more than 8,000 participants from over 40 countries, including Holocaust survivors, Israeli hostages who had been released, bereaved families, students, and dignitaries. Participants gathered to commemorate the victims of the Holocaust and promote Holocaust education and remembrance. Israeli President Isaac Herzog and Polish President Andrzej Duda led the march, walking side by side through the infamous "Arbeit macht frei" gate at Auschwitz. Herzog emphasized the relevance of the Holocaust's lessons, by saying, "Although after the Holocaust we vowed, 'Never again,' today, even as we stand here, the souls of dozens of Jews again yearn within a cage," (a reference to the Israeli hostages currently held by Hamas).[87][88][89][90][86]

A delegation of 60 leaders in law enforcement from the United Kingdom, the United States, Europe, and Africa participated in the March, as part of a new training program to equip law enforcement officials with resources to recognize bias, oppose antisemitism and human rights violations. called "Operationalizing Never Again: The Role of Law Enforcement in the Holocaust and Contemporary Genocide." This initiative was put together by Rutgers University's Miller Center and the University of Virginia's Center for Public Safety and Justice.[91][92][86]

Award-winning author, speaker, and notable child survivor of the Holocaust, Susanne M Reyto, spoke out in an article in March 2025 about her childhood in Budapest, her father being imprisoned in 1944 during WWII, her father's sister and would-be niece who perished at Birkenau, and two aunts liberated from Ravensbruck and Bergen Belsen. "’ve been to Auschwitz before, but this march holds a special significance. The young generation needs to see this,” Reyto wrote.[93]

Students from high schools worldwide also participated, taking part in educational initiatives that brought them to significant historical landmarks like the Nozyk Synagogue and the Warsaw Ghetto. These immersive experiences aimed to enrich their knowledge of the Holocaust and highlight its ongoing relevance today. Nate Liepciger participated for the 21st time, while other survivors were there for the first time.[94][95][96]

The Menomadin Foundation led a special delegation of October 7 survivors and bereaved families to the March of the Living. The special delegation included freed hostages from Gaza, bereaved families, and residents of the Gaza Envelope communities, participating and interacting with Holocaust survivors and their descendants. Freed hostage, Agam Berger and Daniel Weiss, whose parents were murdered on Oct. 7, performed duet during the ceremony in Auschwitz-Birkenau on Holocaust Remembrance Day. [97][86]

### Eisenhower’s great-grandson meets Holocaust Survivor born in concentration camp

[edit]

Further information: Dwight D. Eisenhower § Liberation of France and victory in Europe

At an assembly on February 24, 2025, put together by International March of the Living and the Eisenhower family, a new partnership was announced between the organization and the Eisenhower family. The event was co-hosted by known philanthropists, Josh and Marjory Harris, founders of Harris Philanthropies. In attendance was Israeli Ambassador to the U.S. Yechiel Leiter.[98]

The event held in Washington, DC launched a new initiative to help support Holocaust Survivors attend the March of the Living 2025 in Poland to interact and march with participants. In 2024, the Claims Conference data stated approximately 245,000 Jewish Holocaust survivors.[99] The organizers of thie gathering pointed out, “this may be one of the last opportunities for young participants to walk alongside them and hear their firsthand testimonies.”[98]

The event featured England-based Holocaust survivor, Eva Clarke, who was born in Mauthausen concentration camp one week before the allied liberation. Also, in attendance to meet with Clarke was Merrill Eisenhower, great-grandson of President Dwight Eisenhower, Commander of the US Forces who liberated the Mauthausen camp and others in Austria.[100]

In a press release it was announced that Merrill Eisenhower will be marching with Eva Clarke on the March of the Living this coming April between Auschwitz and Birkenau. Clarke was quoted saying, “I am the infant your great-grandfather and the American soldiers saved…..Had they not arrived in time, I would not be standing here today.”[101]

Merrill Eisenhower shared, “There is no greater privilege than continuing the legacy of my great-grandfather, who not only led the liberation of thousands of Jews from a cruel fate, but also ensured the world bore witness to the horrors of the Holocaust by ordering everything to be documented. To march in the March of the Living alongside survivors, whose lives were saved thanks to him, is a solemn duty. We must keep telling their stories, stand against Holocaust denial, and fight antisemitism and intolerable in all of its manifestation wherever it appears.”[100]

The 2025 March of the Living will mark the 80th anniversary since the end of WWII in Europe and the liberation of hundreds of thousands of Jews from Nazi camps, ghettos,[102] and hiding places across Europe.

## Response to the October 7 Hamas attack on Israel

[edit]

The 2024 March of the Living took place in the aftermath of the October 7, 2023 Hamas attack on Israel, and the rise in antisemitism worldwide. 55 Holocaust Survivors took part in the 2024 March of the Living, including 7 Holocaust survivors from Israel, who survived the October 7th attacks. One of them, French Israeli Holocaust survivor Daniel Luz, lit a memorial torch at the March of the Living ceremony stating the following:[103][104]

"My name is Daniel Luz. I was born in France in 1933, and during the war years I was with my family in three concentration camps… We were saved by a miracle. But 10 of my mother's brothers and sisters, and also two of my cousins were  murdered not far from here, in the terrible Auschwitz.

In 1949 I arrived in the State of Israel. I started breathing again. Immediately after I married my wife Ruthie, we moved to Kibbutz Nirim, in the Negev. After her death, I moved to Kibbutz Be'eri. This year, on the sixth of October, we celebrated the kibbutz's 78th birthday. On October 7, we were hostages in our home, when Hamas terrorists entered the kibbutz. We were deathly afraid. It was even scarier than I remember as a child in that war. We, the survivors of the Holocaust, who established a home and a state, which is are our great victory over the Nazis and antisemitism, light this torch in memory of those who perished in the Holocaust, and in memory of those murdered on October 7."[105][106]

Canadian Polish Holocaust survivor Nate Leipciger also spoke at the 2024 ceremony and lit a memorial torch, saying, "my name is Nate Leipciger I am 96 years old…. I am marching with you on the 20th March and I hope this is not the last one for me. I stood on this ramp 81 years ago. Everyday could have been my death. My family's ashes are spread over all this land.

Remember - Jewish rights are also human rights!  Yes, I repeat, it's important. Jewish rights are also human rights! Stand up to antisemitism and fight hate and falsehood where you are. And: Never Means Now! Am Yisrael Chai!"[107][106]

In May 2024, Shmuel Rosenman, Co-Founder and Chairman of March of the Living, speaking in Krakow, Poland, stated: "The Holocaust remains the most unique and unprecedented tragedy in Jewish and human history. But the events of October 7th, 2023, remind of this grim fact: Those same motivations, those same evil intentions, and false accusations that led to the Shoah – they are still with us today, in full force, and in full display."[108]

Phyllis Greenberg Heideman, President of International March of the Living stated in late 2024: "For over three decades, the International March of the Living has memorialized victims of the Holocaust and paid tribute to survivors by retracing their footsteps with marches in cities across Europe. Last year, on Holocaust Remembrance Day, a delegation of survivors of the October 7 massacre led the 2024 International March of the Living from Auschwitz to Birkenau, highlighting the connection between the events of the Holocaust and those of October 7, recognizing the continuum of antisemitism we face as a people. "Just as the Jewish people rose from the ashes of the Holocaust, we will rise from the ashes of October 7," Heideman quoted Holocaust survivor Bella Haim who also joined the 2024 March of the Living."[109]

## Public Responses

[edit]

In May 2024, the organization responded to university student groups condemning Israel during global protests. the article stated that these university student-led efforts reflect how antisemitism has evolved—from marginalizing individual Jews and denying them equal standing in society, to delegitimizing the Jewish nation-state and denying it equal status among the nations of the world. In an article, MOTL pointed out parallels to pre-WWII, particularly within academic institutions, where student bodies often displayed extreme hostility toward their Jewish peers, and discriminatory policies like the Numerus Clausus were widespread across Europe, the United States, and Canada.[110]

June 24, 2024, after a protest outside a synagogue in Los Angeles turned to violence, president Joe Biden stated, “I’m appalled by the scenes outside of Adas Torah synagogue in Los Angeles. Intimidating Jewish congregants is dangerous, unconscionable, antisemitic, and un-American...Americans have a right to peaceful protest. But blocking access to a house of worship – and engaging in violence – is never acceptable.” International March of the Living responded to this and other acts across the globe pointing out violence, hate crimes and antisemitism, stating, “The attack on the ‘Adas Torah’ synagogue in Los Angeles and the targeting of Jews there, as well as the attacks on synagogues in Russia, the shocking rape of a Jewish girl in France last week, and the daily threats to Jews worldwide, all lead to one grim conclusion: Jewish blood is cheap. Anti-Semitism has become normalized and attacks against Jews have become normalized.... These are all attempts to intimidate and push Jews out of the public sphere – a phenomenon we know all too well from history. We call on the authorities in countries across the world to come to their senses quickly because Jewish blood is being shed with impunity.”[111][112]

In June 2024, International March of the Living publicly denounced a summer youth program showing automatic weapons on their flyers. The program was organized by Solidarity for Palestinian Human Rights at McGill University. March of the Living's statement was, "The International March of the Living condemns in the strongest possible terms the plans announced by Solidarity for Palestinian Human Rights (SPHR) at McGill University for a summer youth program promising "revolutionary" education." The Office of the President and Vice-Chancellor at McGill University released a statement addressing their concerns and "appealing to public safety authorities." MOTL quoted Holocaust Survivor, Angele Orosz: "What's happening today at McGill is so frightening for me. I was born in Auschwitz-Birkenau. I came to Canada to escape antisemitism. It's unbearable that my grandchildren have to go through what I escaped Hungary for."[113][114]

Commenting on the McGill protests, Chairman Shmuel Rosenman and President Phyllis Greenberg Heideman, issued the following statement: "Education for young people should never encourage the use of violence. When actions by students on campus, promoted by social media companies, make Holocaust survivors fear setting foot on campus and fear for the future of their grandchildren – it is clear that both the university and social media organizations have lost their way. Now it is high time to find their way back."[115]

## See also

[edit]

* Edward Mosberg, Holocaust survivor, one of the biggest supporters of the International March of the Living, often attending the march wearing his original concentration camp uniform.
* Shimon Farkas
* Shmuel Rosenman
* Frank Lowy
* USC Shoa Foundation
* Blind Love (2015 documentary)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Rubenstein, Eli (2015). Witness: Passing the Torch of Holocaust Memory to New Generations. Liberation 75 Edition. Canada: Second Story Press. pp. 2–4\. ISBN 978-1-77260-150-3.
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92. ^ "International - This year, Rutgers University's Miller Center and UVA's Center for Public Safety and Justice will lead the largest-ever global delegation of law enforcement officials at the March of the Living from Auschwitz to Birkenau. More than 60 law enforcement leaders from the United States, Europe, the United Kingdom, and Africa will join Holocaust survivors, their families, and thousands of participants to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Auschwitz's liberation. This unprecedented gathering underscores a shared commitment to remembering the atrocities of the Holocaust and actively combatting hate and extremism today. The delegation is part of the new executive training program, "Operationalizing Never Again: The Role of Law Enforcement in the Holocaust and Contemporary Genocide," which equips leaders with critical tools to address antisemitism, bias, and human rights violations. "This program provides an unprecedented opportunity for leaders to reflect, learn, and take actionable steps to ensure accountability and ethical leadership in their organizations—remembering alone is not enough." – Paul Goldenberg, Chairman of the Police Delegation and Chief Advisor, Rutgers Miller Center Read the full announcement and learn more about this groundbreaking initiative here: 🔗 https://www.motl.org/rutgers-and-uva-lead-largest-global-law-enforcement-delegation-to-march-of-the-living-to-mark-80th-anniversary-of-auschwitz-liberation/ 📸 Rutgers Miller Center and UVA Center for Public Safety and Justice launch global initiative to train law enforcement in ethical leadership, community protection, and genocide prevention | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 5 May 2025. `{{cite web}}`: External link in ``|title=`` (help)
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## Further reading

[edit]

* Rubenstein, Eli (1993). For You Who Died I Must Live On: Reflections on the March of the Living. Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press. ISBN 0-88962-510-7.
* Shevelev, Raphael; Schomer, Karine (1997). Liberating the Ghosts: Photographs and Text from the March of the Living. Anacortes, Washington: Lenswork Publishing. ISBN 1-888803-00-2.
* Berlfein Burns, Jan, ed. (2014). March of the Living: Our Stories: A Collection from the Holocaust Survivors of the Los Angeles Delegation of BJE. Los Angeles, California: Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust. ISBN 978-0-9858354-3-9. OCLC 940568018.
* Rubenstein, Eli (2015). Witness: Passing the Torch of Holocaust Memory to New Generations. Toronto, Ontario: Second Story Press. ISBN 978-1-927583-66-1.
* Rubenstein, Eli (2020). Witness: Passing the Torch of Holocaust Memory to New Generations: Liberation75 Edition. Toronto, Ontario: Second Story Press. ISBN 9781772601510.
* Wolf, Loyd (2016). MARCH OF THE LIVING: Coverage of a pilgrimage of 3,000 Jewish teen-agers to Holocaust sites in Poland, followed by a visit to Israel. Jewish Monthly cover story, 1990. Exhibited at Earlham College, Indiana in 1991.

## External links

[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for March of the living.

* March of the Living International
* Songs for March of the Living \- Toronto's Habonim Youth Choir's album on Soundcloud
* The 2025 March of the Living full broadcast (saved on YouTube)

* v
* t
* e

Holocaust in German-occupied Poland

Main article
The Holocaust
Related articles by country
Belarus
Belgium
Croatia
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Ukraine

* v
* t
* e

Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks

Camps|

| Extermination|

* Auschwitz II-Birkenau
* Chełmno
* Majdanek
* Operation Reinhard
* Belzec
* Sobibor
* Treblinka

|

Concentration|

* Auschwitz I
* Gross-Rosen
* Kraków-Płaszów
* Potulice
* Soldau
* Stutthof
* Szebnie
* Trawniki
* Warsaw
* Danzig-Matzkau

Mass shootings|

* Białystok
* Bloody Sunday
* Bronna Góra
* Bydgoszcz
* Dynów
* Erntefest
* Kielce cemetery
* Aktion Krakau
* Palmiry
* Sonderaktion Krakau

Pogroms|

* Kielce (1946)
* Jedwabne
* Lviv
* Szczuczyn
* Tykocin
* Wąsosz

Ghettos|

* Będzin
* Białystok
* Brest
* Częstochowa
* Grodno
* Kielce
* Kraków
* Lwów (Lviv pogroms (1941))
* Łódź
* Lubartów
* Lublin
* Międzyrzec Podlaski
* Mizocz
* Nowy Sącz
* Pińsk
* Radom
* Siedlce
* Sambor
* Słonim
* Sosnowiec
* Stanisławów
* Tarnopol
* Wilno
* Warsaw

Other atrocities|

* Action T4
* Grossaktion Warsaw
* Human medical experiments
* Heidelager

* v
* t
* e

Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators

Perpetrators|

| Organizers|

* Viktor Brack
* Josef Bühler
* Adolf Eichmann
* Theodor Eicke
* Ludwig Fischer
* Hans Frank
* Odilo Globocnik
* Richard Glücks
* Arthur Greiser
* Heinrich Himmler
* Hermann Höfle
* Fritz Katzmann
* Wilhelm Koppe
* Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
* Franz Kutschera
* Erwin Lambert
* Ernst Lerch
* Georg Michalsen
* Oswald Pohl
* Heinz Reinefarth
* Julian Scherner
* Arthur Seyss-Inquart
* Jakob Sporrenberg
* Bruno Streckenbach
* Richard Thomalla
* Otto Wächter
* Dieter Wisliceny

|

Camp command|

* Hans Aumeier
* Richard Baer
* Wilhelm Boger
* Hermine Braunsteiner
* Irmfried Eberl
* Theodor van Eupen
* Kurt Franz
* Karl Frenzel
* Karl Fritzsch
* Amon Göth
* Maximilian Grabner
* Otto Hantke
* Fritz Hartjenstein
* Gottlieb Hering
* Rudolf Höss
* Franz Hössler
* Karl-Otto Koch
* Josef Kramer
* Arthur Liebehenschel
* Maria Mandl
* Heinrich Matthes
* Hermann Michel
* Karl Möckel
* Robert Mulka
* Johann Niemann
* Josef Oberhauser
* Franz Reichleitner
* Heinrich Schwarz
* Johann Schwarzhuber
* Franz Stangl
* Gustav Wagner
* Christian Wirth

Gas chamber
executioners|

* Erich Bauer
* Kurt Bolender
* Lorenz Hackenholt
* Josef Klehr
* Hans Koch
* Herbert Lange
* Otto Moll
* Ludwig Plagge
* Adolf Theuer

Physicians|

* Franz von Bodmann
* Carl Clauberg
* Karl Gebhardt
* Horst Fischer
* Fritz Klein
* Josef Mengele
* Horst Schumann
* Alfred Trzebinski
* Eduard Wirths

Ghetto command|

* Heinz Auerswald
* Hans Biebow
* Josef Blösche
* Franz Bürkl
* Heinrich Klaustermeyer
* Franz Konrad
* Alexander Palfinger
* Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
* Jürgen Stroop

Einsatzgruppen|

* Wolfgang Birkner
* Helmut Bischoff
* Lothar Beutel
* Paul Blobel
* Karl Brunner
* Ernst Damzog
* Gerhard Flesch
* Ludwig Hahn
* Felix Landau
* Josef Meisinger
* Bruno Müller
* Erich Naumann
* Emanuel Schäfer
* Hermann Schaper
* Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
* Udo von Woyrsch

Personnel|

| Camp guards|

* Hans Anhalt
* Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
* Herta Bothe
* Juana Bormann
* Alexander Bülow
* Luise Danz
* John Demjanjuk
* Margot Dreschel
* Feodor Fedorenko
* Hans Hoffmann
* Kurt Gerstein
* Paul Götze
* Irma Grese
* Karl-Friedrich Höcker
* Karl Jeschke
* Oswald Kaduk
* Josef Kollmer
* Hildegard Lächert
* Johanna Langefeld
* Anton Lechner
* Eduard Lorenz
* Erich Muhsfeldt
* Detlef Nebbe
* Alice Orlowski
* Elisabeth Volkenrath

|

By camp|

* Sobibor
* Treblinka

Organizations|

* Einsatzgruppen (SS)
* Order Police battalions (Ordnungspolizei)
* WVHA
* RKFDV
* VoMi
* General Government
* Hotel Polski

Collaboration|

* Schutzmannschaft (Belarusian Auxiliary Police, Estonian Auxiliary Police / 36th Estonian Police Battalion, Latvian Auxiliary Police, Arajs Kommando, Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions, Ypatingasis būrys, Ukrainian Auxiliary Police / Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118)
* Trawniki men

* v
* t
* e

Resistance, victims, documentation and technical

Organizations|

* AK
* AOB
* Bund
* GL
* PKB
* Żegota
* ŻOB
* ŻZW

Uprisings|

* Ghetto uprisings
* Białystok
* Częstochowa
* Sobibor
* Treblinka
* Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Leaders|

* Mordechai Anielewicz
* Icchak Cukierman
* Mordechai Tenenbaum
* Marek Edelman
* Leon Feldhendler
* Paweł Frenkiel
* Henryk Iwański
* Itzhak Katzenelson
* Michał Klepfisz
* Miles Lerman
* Alexander Pechersky
* Witold Pilecki
* Frumka Płotnicka
* Roza Robota
* Szmul Zygielbojm

Victim lists|

| Ghettos|

* Kraków
* Łódź
* Lviv (Lwów)
* Warsaw

|

Camps|

* Auschwitz
* Bełżec
* Gross-Rosen
* Izbica
* Majdanek
* Sobibór
* Soldau
* Stutthof
* Trawniki
* Treblinka

Documentation|

| Nazi sources|

* Auschwitz Album
* Frank memorandum
* Höcker Album
* Höfle telegram
* Katzmann Report
* Korherr Report
* Posen speeches
* Sobibor perpetrator album
* Special Prosecution Book – Poland
* Stroop Report
* Wannsee Conference

|

Witness accounts|

* Graebe affidavit
* Gerstein Report
* Vrba–Wetzler report
* Witold's Report
* Sonderkommando photographs

Concealment|

* Sonderaktion 1005

Technical and logistics|

* Identification in camps
* Gas chamber
* Gas van
* Holocaust train
* Human medical experimentation
* Zyklon B

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Aftermath, trials and commemoration

Aftermath|

* Holocaust survivors
* Population transfers (1944–1946)
* Bricha
* Kielce pogrom
* Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
* Ministry of Public Security

Trials|

| West German trials|

* Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
* Treblinka trials

|

Polish, East German, and Soviet trials|

* Auschwitz trial (Poland)
* Stutthof trials
* Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission

Memorials|

* Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
* Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
* Majdanek State Museum
* Sobibór Museum
* International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
* March of the Living

Righteous Among the Nations|

* Polish Righteous Among the Nations (List)
* Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
* Garden of the Righteous

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