Margaret Buckingham

French-British biologist

Margaret Buckingham

ForMemRS

Born|  (1945-03-02) 2 March 1945 (age 79)

Citizenship| dual French-British
Alma mater| Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford[1]
Website| https://www.pasteur.fr/en/developmental-and-stem-cell-biology

Margaret Buckingham, ForMemRS (born 2 March 1945) is a British developmental biologist working in the fields of myogenesis and cardiogenesis. She is an honorary professor at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and emeritus director in the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS).[2] She is a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization, the Academia Europaea and the French Academy of Sciences.

## Biography

[edit]

Margaret Buckingham was educated in Scotland and at Oxford University where she obtained B.A., M.A. and D.Phil. degrees in Biochemistry. As a postdoc, she then joined François Gros at the Pasteur Institute in Paris where she subsequently pursued her scientific career. She is an honorary professor at the Pasteur Institute and emeritus director in the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). She is a member of the scientific council of the ERC[3] and chairs the prize committee of the Lefoulon-Delalande Foundation for cardiovascular research. In 2013, she was awarded the gold medal of the CNRS.[4][5] She is a member of the French Academy of sciences,[6] a foreign/honorary member of the Royal Society of London/Edinburgh and a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. She is also a member of EMBO and of the Academia Europaea.[7][circular reference] She has French and British nationality, and is married to Richard Buckingham, Editor-in-Chief of Biochimie until December 2020, with three children.

## Scientific research

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Margaret Buckingham is a developmental biologist who is interested in how naïve multipotent cells acquire tissue specificity during embryogenesis. She has studied both the formation of skeletal muscle and of the heart, using the tools of mouse molecular genetics to characterise cell behaviour and to identify the genes that govern cell fate choices.

From pioneering research on the in vivo expression, structure and regulation of muscle genes,[8] she and her lab went on to study the myogenic regulatory factors,[9] showing that Myf5 is present before MyoD in the embryo and that in the absence of Myf5 and Mrf4, cells fail to form skeletal muscle and acquire other mesodermal cell fates.[10] Characterisation of Myf5 enhancers revealed a direct role for Pax3 in their transcriptional activation at different sites of myogenesis.[11] From genetic screens, they identified other Pax3 targets, demonstrating the central role of Pax3 in the gene regulatory network that leads to the onset of myogenesis in the embryo.[12][13] They discovered a population of Pax3/Pax7-positive progenitors that are essential for foetal muscle development[14] and showed that Pax-positive satellite cells associated with adult fibres constitute stem cells for muscle regeneration.[15] They identified genes, including Pitx2/3, that affect the behaviour of these cells and showed that Myf5 mRNA, present in quiescent satellite cells is sequestered until these cells are activated after injury.[16]

Her main contribution to cardiogenesis is the identification of the second heart field (SHF) as a major source of cardiac progenitor cells that form specific regions of the heart.[17][18] The behaviour of these cells is controlled by gene regulatory networks and signalling pathways, exemplified by the FGF10 gene.[19] Retrospective clonal analysis complemented their work on the SHF and established a lineage tree for the myocardium, where the second lineage defines the SHF contribution whereas the first lineage contributes all the left ventricular myocardium.[20] This analysis revealed the clonal relationships between different sublineages that contribute to both cardiac muscle at the poles of the heart and anterior skeletal muscles[13][21] which are not under Pax3-control.[13][22] In addition to its conceptual importance for cardiogenesis, this work also has biomedical implications for congenital heart malformations.

## Awards and honours

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* Commandeur de la Légion d'Honneur, 2018
* Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 2014[23]
* Foreign Member of the Royal Society, 2013
* CNRS Gold Medal, 2013[24]
* Commandeur de Ordre National du Mérite, 2013
* Officier de la Légion d'honneur, 2011
* Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences, US, 2011
* Lifetime Achievement Award of the American Society for Developmental Biology, 2010
* Officier de l'Ordre National du Mérite, 2008
* Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur, 2002
* CNRS Silver Medal, 1999[25]
* Member of the Academia Europaea, 1998
* Prix Jaffé of the Académie des sciences, 1990
* 1979 Member of the European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO)

## External links

[edit]

Amsen, Eva (2011-01-25). "An interview with Margaret Buckingham: President of the French Society of Developmental Biology". Development. 138 (4). The Company of Biologists Ltd: 599–600. doi:10.1242/dev.060228. PMID 21266403.

## References

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1. ^ "Prominent alumni". Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
2. ^ "Developmental biologist Margaret Buckingham is awarded the 2013 CNRS Gold Medal". Consulate General of France in Vancouver. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
3. ^ "ERC".
4. ^ Communiqué de presse du CNRS publié le 18 septembre 2013.
5. ^ "Article La Croix, Médaille d'or du CNRS". La Croix. 18 September 2013.
6. ^ "Académie des sciences".
7. ^ "Academia europaea".
8. ^ Robert, Benoît; Daubas, Philippe; Akimenko, Marie-Andrée; Cohen, Arlette; Garner, Ian; Guenet, Jean-Louis; Buckingham, Margaret (November 1984). "A single locus in the mouse encodes both myosin light chains 1 and 3, a second locus corresponds to a related pseudogene". Cell. 39 (1): 129–140. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90198-3. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 6091905. S2CID 28853102.
9. ^ Sassoon, David; Lyons, Gary; Wright, Woodring E.; Lin, Victor; Lassar, Andrew; Weintraub, Harold; Buckingham, Margaret (September 1989). "Expression of two myogenic regulatory factors myogenin and MyoDl during mouse embryogenesis". Nature. 341 (6240): 303–307. Bibcode:1989Natur.341..303S. doi:10.1038/341303a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 2552320. S2CID 4335995.
10. ^ Tajbakhsh, S.; Rocancourt, D.; Buckingham, M. (November 1996). "Muscle progenitor cells failing to respond to positional cues adopt non-myogenic fates in myf-5 null mice". Nature. 384 (6606): 266–270. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..266T. doi:10.1038/384266a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 8918877. S2CID 4337095.
11. ^ Bajard, L. (2006-09-01). "A novel genetic hierarchy functions during hypaxial myogenesis: Pax3 directly activates Myf5 in muscle progenitor cells in the limb". Genes & Development. 20 (17): 2450–2464. doi:10.1101/gad.382806. ISSN 0890-9369. PMC 1560418. PMID 16951257.
12. ^ Lagha, Mounia; Brunelli, Silvia; Messina, Graziella; Cumano, Ana; Kume, Tsutomu; Relaix, Frédéric; Buckingham, Margaret E. (December 2009). "Pax3:Foxc2 Reciprocal Repression in the Somite Modulates Muscular versus Vascular Cell Fate Choice in Multipotent Progenitors". Developmental Cell. 17 (6): 892–899. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.021. ISSN 1534-5807. PMID 20059958.
13. ^ a b c Buckingham, Margaret (2017-06-05). "Gene regulatory networks and cell lineages that underlie the formation of skeletal muscle". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (23): 5830–5837. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.5830B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1610605114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5468682. PMID 28584083.
14. ^ Relaix, Frédéric; Rocancourt, Didier; Mansouri, Ahmed; Buckingham, Margaret (2005-04-20). "A Pax3/Pax7-dependent population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells". Nature. 435 (7044): 948–953. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..948R. doi:10.1038/nature03594. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-E8E0-9. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15843801. S2CID 4415583.
15. ^ Montarras, D. (2005-09-23). "Direct Isolation of Satellite Cells for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration". Science. 309 (5743): 2064–2067. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.2064M. doi:10.1126/science.1114758. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16141372. S2CID 39333234.
16. ^ Crist, Colin G.; Montarras, Didier; Buckingham, Margaret (July 2012). "Muscle Satellite Cells Are Primed for Myogenesis but Maintain Quiescence with Sequestration of Myf5 mRNA Targeted by microRNA-31 in mRNP Granules". Cell Stem Cell. 11 (1): 118–126. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.03.011. ISSN 1934-5909. PMID 22770245.
17. ^ Kelly, Robert G.; Brown, Nigel A.; Buckingham, Margaret E. (September 2001). "The Arterial Pole of the Mouse Heart Forms from Fgf10-Expressing Cells in Pharyngeal Mesoderm". Developmental Cell. 1 (3): 435–440. doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(01)00040-5. ISSN 1534-5807. PMID 11702954.
18. ^ Buckingham, Margaret; Meilhac, Sigolène; Zaffran, Stéphane (November 2005). "Building the mammalian heart from two sources of myocardial cells". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (11): 826–835. doi:10.1038/nrg1710. ISSN 1471-0056. PMID 16304598. S2CID 28455128.
19. ^ Watanabe, Y.; Zaffran, S.; Kuroiwa, A.; Higuchi, H.; Ogura, T.; Harvey, R. P.; Kelly, R. G.; Buckingham, M. (2012-10-23). "Fibroblast growth factor 10 gene regulation in the second heart field by Tbx1, Nkx2-5, and Islet1 reveals a genetic switch for down-regulation in the myocardium". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (45): 18273–18280. doi:10.1073/pnas.1215360109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3494960. PMID 23093675.
20. ^ Meilhac, Sigolène M; Esner, Milan; Kelly, Robert G; Nicolas, Jean-François; Buckingham, Margaret E (May 2004). "The Clonal Origin of Myocardial Cells in Different Regions of the Embryonic Mouse Heart" (PDF). Developmental Cell. 6 (5): 685–698. doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(04)00133-9. ISSN 1534-5807. PMID 15130493. S2CID 25041610.
21. ^ Lescroart, F.; Kelly, R. G.; Le Garrec, J.-F.; Nicolas, J.-F.; Meilhac, S. M.; Buckingham, M. (2010-09-07). "Clonal analysis reveals common lineage relationships between head muscles and second heart field derivatives in the mouse embryo". Development. 137 (19): 3269–3279. doi:10.1242/dev.050674. ISSN 0950-1991. PMID 20823066.
22. ^ Tajbakhsh, Shahragim; Rocancourt, Didier; Cossu, Giulio; Buckingham, Margaret (April 1997). "Redefining the Genetic Hierarchies Controlling Skeletal Myogenesis: Pax-3 and Myf-5 Act Upstream of MyoD". Cell. 89 (1): 127–138. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80189-0. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9094721. S2CID 18747744.
23. ^ "Professor Margaret Elizabeth Buckingham FRS, HonFRSE". The Royal Society of Edinburgh. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
24. ^ ARTIFICA (18 September 2013). "Developmental biologist Margaret Buckingham is awarded the 2013 CNRS Gold Medal". CNRS (in French). Retrieved 3 November 2017.
25. ^ CNRS (1999). "Les quinze lauréats de la Médaille d'argent du CNRS 1999". cnrs.fr. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2014.

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