Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress

Holy Roman Empress from 1564 to 1576

Maria of Austria

Portrait by Antonis Mor, 1551

Holy Roman Empress;
Queen consort of Germany and Bohemia;
Archduchess consort of Austria
Tenure| 25 July 1564 – 12 October 1576
Regent of Spain
Tenure| 1 October 1548 – 12 July 1551 (co-regent with her husband)
Queen consort of Hungary
Tenure| 8 September 1563 – 12 October 1576
Coronation| 9 September 1563

Born| 21 June 1528
Madrid, Crown of Castile
Died| 26 February 1603(1603-02-26) (aged 74)
Convent of Las Descalzas Reales, Madrid, Crown of Castile
Burial|

Convent of Las Descalzas Reales, Madrid, Spain

Spouse|

Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor

(m. 1548; died 1576)​

Issue
more...|

* Anna, Queen of Spain
* Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
* Archduke Ernest
* Elisabeth, Queen of France
* Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
* Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria
* Albert VII, Archduke of Austria
* Archduke Wenceslaus
* Archduchess Margaret

House| Habsburg
Father| Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother| Isabella of Portugal
Religion| Roman Catholicism

Maria of Austria or Maria of Spain (21 June 1528 – 26 February 1603), also known as Isabel,[1][2] was the empress consort and queen consort of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary.[3] She served as regent of Spain in the absence of her father Emperor Charles V from 1548 until 1551 and was one of the most powerful empresses of the Holy Roman Empire.

## Early life

[edit]

Maria was born in Madrid, Spain to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, and Isabella of Portugal. She grew up mostly in Toledo and Valladolid with her siblings, Philip and Joanna. They built a strong family bond despite their father's regular absences. Maria and her brother, Philip, shared similar strong personal views and policies which they retained during the rest of their lives.

## As Regent of Spain

[edit]

On 15 September 1548, aged twenty, Maria married her first cousin Archduke Maximilian.[4] Despite Maria's commitment to Habsburg Spain and her strong Catholic manners, the marriage was a happy one. The couple had sixteen children in just nineteen years, but only nine of them lived to adulthood.

While her father was occupied with German affairs, Maria and Maximilian acted as regents of Spain from 1548 to 1551 during the absence of Prince Philip. Maria stayed at the Spanish court until August 1551,[5] and in 1552, the couple moved to live at the court of Maximilian's father in Vienna.

In 1558, Maria returned to Madrid and acted as regent of Spain during the absence of her brother, now King Philip II, from 1558 to 1561.

## As Holy Roman Empress

[edit]

After her return to Germany, her husband eventually succeeded his father Ferdinand I, at his death, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary, which he ruled from 1564 to his death in 1576.

Maria was a devout Catholic and frequently disagreed with her religiously ambiguous husband about his religious tolerance.[citation needed]

During her life in Austria, Maria was reportedly ill at ease in a country which was not entirely Catholic, and she surrounded herself with a circle of strictly Catholic courtiers, many of whom she had brought with her from Spain. Her court was organized by her Spanish chief lady-in-waiting Maria de Requenes in a Spanish manner, and among her favorite companions was her Spanish lady-in-waiting Margarita de Cardona.[6][page needed]

## As Holy Roman Empress Dowager

[edit]

In 1576, Maximilian died. Maria remained at the Imperial Court for six years after his death. She had great influence over her sons, the future emperors Rudolf II and Matthias.

Maria returned to Spain in 1582, taking her youngest surviving child Archduchess Margaret with her, who was promised to marry Philip II of Spain, who had lost his fourth wife, her oldest daughter, Archduchess Anna in 1580.

Margaret finally refused and took the veil as a Poor Clare.[7] Commenting that she was very happy to live in "a country without heretics", Maria then influenced quite a number of events in the Spanish Court until she eventually settled in the Convent of Las Descalzas Reales in Madrid, where she lived until her death in 1603.

She was the patron of the noted Spanish composer Tomás Luis de Victoria, and the great Requiem Mass he wrote in 1603 for her funeral is considered among the best and most refined of his works. Maria exerted some influence together with Queen Margaret, the wife of her grandson/nephew, Philip III of Spain. Margaret, the sister of the future Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, would be one of three women at Philip's court who would apply considerable influence over the king.[8] Margaret was considered by contemporaries to be extremely pious – in some cases, excessively pious, and too influenced by the Church,[9] and 'astute and very skillful' in her political dealings,[10] although 'melancholic' and unhappy over the influence of the Duke of Lerma over her husband at court.[9] Margaret continued to fight an ongoing battle with Lerma for influence until her death in 1611. Philip had an 'affectionate, close relationship' with Margaret, and paid her additional attention after they had a son, also named Philip, in 1605.[11]

Maria, the Austrian representative to the Spanish court – and Margaret of the Cross, Maria's daughter – along with Queen Margaret, were a powerful Catholic and pro-Austrian faction in the court of Philip III of Spain.[8] They were successful, for example, in convincing Philip to provide financial support to Ferdinand from 1600 onwards.[11] Philip steadily acquired other religious advisors. Father Juan de Santa Maria, the confessor to Philip's daughter, Maria Anna, was felt by contemporaries to have an excessive influence over Philip at the end of his life, and both he and Luis de Aliaga Martínez, Philip's own confessor, were credited with the overthrow of Lerma in 1618. Similarly Mariana de San Jose, a favoured nun of Queen Margaret's, was also criticised for her later influence over the king's actions.[12]

## Issue

[edit]

Maria was constantly pregnant during much of her marriage, giving birth almost once (and sometimes twice) a year:

1. Anna (2 November 1549 – 26 October 1580), married her uncle Philip II of Spain
2. Ferdinand (28 March 1551 – 16 June 1552), died in early childhood
3. Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612), emperor
4. Ernest (15 June 1553 – 12 February 1595), served as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands
5. Elisabeth (5 July 1554 – 22 January 1592), married Charles IX of France
6. Maria (27 July 1555 – 28 June 1556), died in infancy
7. Matthias (24 February 1557 – 20 March 1619), emperor
8. A stillborn son (born and died 20 October 1557)
9. Maximilian (12 October 1558 – 2 November 1618), served as grandmaster of the Teutonic Order and administrator of Prussia
10. Albert (15 November 1559 – 13 July 1621), served as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands
11. Wenceslaus (9 March 1561 – 22 September 1578)
12. Frederick (21 June 1562 – 25 January 1563), died in infancy
13. Maria (19 February 1564 – 26 March 1564), died in infancy
14. Charles (26 September 1565 – 23 May 1566), died in infancy
15. Margaret (25 January 1567 – 5 July 1633), a nun
16. Eleanor (4 November 1568 – 12 March 1580), died in childhood

Only five of Maria's children were still alive at the time of her death.

## References

[edit]

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ Parker 2019, pp. 545–546.
2. ^ Blockmans 2002, p. 120.
3. ^ "Maximilian II | Holy Roman emperor". 26 March 2024.
4. ^ Kamen 1998, p. 35.
5. ^ Kamen 1998, p. 49.
6. ^ Akkerman 2013.
7. ^ Cárdenas, Fabricio (2014). 66 petites histoires du Pays Catalan [66 Little Stories of Catalan Country] (in French). Perpignan: Ultima Necat. ISBN 978-2-36771-006-8. OCLC 893847466.
8. ^ a b Sánchez 1996, p. 91
9. ^ a b Sánchez 1996, p. 98
10. ^ Sánchez 1996, p. 99
11. ^ a b Sánchez 1996, p. 100
12. ^ Sánchez 1996, p. 97

### Sources

[edit]

* Akkerman, Nadine (2013). The Politics of Female Households: Ladies-In-Waiting Across Early Modern Europe.
* Blockmans, Wim (2002). Emperor Charles V, 1500-1558.
* Kamen, Henry (1998). Philip of Spain. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07800-8.
* Parker, Geoffrey (2019). Emperor : A New Life of Charles V. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300196528.
* Sánchez, Magdalena S. (1996). "Pious and Political Images of a Habsburg Woman at the Court of Philip III (1598–1621)". In Magdalena S. Sánchez; Alain Saint-Saëns (eds.). Spanish Women in the Golden Age: Images and Realities. Greenwood Publishing Group.

Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress

House of Habsburg

Born: 21 June 1528 Died: 26 February 1603

Royal titles
Vacant

Title last held by

Isabella of Portugal |  Holy Roman Empress
1564–1576  | Vacant

Title next held by

Anna of Tyrol
Vacant

Title last held by

Anna Jagellonica |  Queen consort of Germany and Bohemia
1564–1576
Archduchess consort of Austria
1564–1576
— DISPUTED —
Queen consort of Hungary
1563–1576
Disputed by Isabella Jagiellon

* v
* t
* e

Infantas of Spain

Generations indicate descent from Carlos I, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain.

1st generation|

* María, Holy Roman Empress
* Joanna, Princess of Portugal

2nd generation|

* Isabel Clara Eugenia, Duchess of Brabant
* Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy

3rd generation|

* Ana, Queen of France
* Infanta María
* María Ana, Holy Roman Empress
* Infanta Margarita

4th generation|

* María Teresa, Queen of France
* Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress

5th generation|

* None

6th generation|

* None

7th generation|

* Mariana Victoria, Queen of Portugal
* María Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France
* María Antonia Fernanda, Queen of Sardinia

8th generation|

* Infanta María Josefa
* María Luisa, Holy Roman Empress
* Isabella, Archduchess Joseph of Austria

9th generation|

* Carlota Joaquina, Queen of Portugal
* María Amalia, Infanta Antonio Pascual of Spain
* María Luisa, Queen of Etruria and Duchess of Lucca
* María Isabel, Queen of the Two Sicilies

10th generation|

* Queen Isabel II
* Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier
* Isabel Fernanda, Countess Ignaz Gurowski*
* Infanta Luisa Teresa, Duchess of Sessa*
* Infanta Josefa Fernanda, Mrs. José Guëll*
* María Cristina, Infanta Sebastian of Portugal and Spain*
* Amalia, Princess Adalbert of Bavaria*
* María Luisa Carlota, Hereditary Princess of Saxony*

11th generation|

* Infanta Isabel, Countess of Girgenti
* Infanta María del Pilar
* María de la Paz, Princess Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria
* Infanta Eulalia, Duchess of Galliera
* Infanta María Isabel, Countess of Paris*
* Infanta Maria Amelia*
* Infanta María Cristina*
* Maria de las Mercedes, Queen of Spain*

12th generation|

* Maria de las Mercedes, Princess of Asturias and Princess Carlos of Bourbon-Two-Sicilies
* María Teresa, Princess Ferdinand of Bavaria

13th generation|

* Infanta Beatriz, Princess of Citivella-Cesi
* Infanta María Cristina, Countess Marone
* Isabel Alfonsa, Countess Jan Kanty Zamoyski*
* Maria de las Mercedes, Princess Irakli Bagration of Mukhrani *

14th generation|

* Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz and Viscountess of La Torre
* Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria and Hernani

15th generation|

* Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo
* Infanta Cristina

16th generation|

* Leonor, Princess of Asturias
* Infanta Sofía

*title granted by Royal Decree

* v
* t
* e

Austrian archduchesses by descent

Generations are numbered by male-line descent from Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.

1st generation|

* Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria

2nd generation|

* Margaret, Duchess of Savoy

3rd generation|

* Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France*
* Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway*
* Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia*
* Catherine, Queen of Portugal*

4th generation|

* Maria, Holy Roman Empress*
* Joanna, Princess of Portugal*
* Elisabeth, Queen of Poland
* Anna, Duchess of Bavaria
* Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
* Magdalena
* Catherine, Queen of Poland
* Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua
* Margaret
* Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara
* Helena
* Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

5th generation|

* Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands**
* Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy**
* Anna, Queen of Spain
* Elisabeth, Queen of France
* Margaret (1567–1633)
* Maria (1584–1649)
* Anna, Holy Roman Empress
* Anna, Queen of Poland
* Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania
* Catherine Renata
* Gregoria Maximiliana
* Eleanor (1582–1620)
* Margaret, Queen of Spain
* Constance, Queen of Poland
* Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

6th generation|

* Anna, Queen of France**
* María**
* Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress**
* Margarita**
* Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria
* Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland
* Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua
* Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress

7th generation|

* Maria Theresa, Queen of France**
* Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress*
* Maria Anna, Queen of Spain
* Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine
* Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate
* Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress

8th generation|

* Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria
* Maria Elisabeth
* Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal
* Maria Theresa
* Maria Josepha
* Maria Magdalena

9th generation|

* Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland
* Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
* Maria Theresa
* Princess Maria Anna of Lorraine

10th generation|

* Maria Elisabeth^
* Maria Anna^
* Maria Carolina^
* Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen^
* Maria Elisabeth^
* Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma^
* Johanna^
* Maria Josepha^
* Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples^
* Maria Antonia, Queen of France^

11th generation|

* Maria Theresa
* Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony^
* Maria Anna^
* Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria^
* Maria Amalia^
* Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia#
* Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria#
* Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria#

12th generation|

* Marie Louise, Empress of the French
* Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil
* Clementina, Princess of Salerno
* Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony
* Maria Anna
* Maria Luisa^
* Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia^
* Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies
* Maria Caroline
* Hermine
* Elisabeth Franziska
* Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians
* Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia
* Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord#
* Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón#

13th generation|

* Maria Anna
* Princess Auguste Ferdinande of Bavaria^
* Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani^
* Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-Büdingen^
* Mathilda
* Maria Christina, Queen of Spain
* Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans
* Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
* Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria#

14th generation|

* Sophie
* Princess Gisela of Bavaria
* Marie Valerie
* Margarete Sophie, Duchess of Württemberg
* Maria Annunciata
* Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
* Maria Antonietta^
* Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony^
* Maria Theresa^
* Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha^
* Princess Maria Christina of Salm-Salm
* Princess Maria Anna of Bourbon Parma
* Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
* Princess Isabella of Bavaria
* Eleonora
* Renata, Princess Radziwill
* Mechthildis, Princess Czartoryski

15th generation|

* Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
* Helena, Duchess of Württemberg^
* Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg^
* Dolores^
* Maria Inmaculata^
* Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio^
* Princess Maria Antonia^
* Assunta^
* Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil^
* Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg^
* Margaret, Princess of Monteleone
* Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg

16th generation|

* Adelheid
* Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg
* Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein

17th generation|

* Gabriela
* Walburga, Countess Douglas
* Maria-Anna, Princess Piotr Galitzine
* Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz

18th generation|

* Eleonore

* * also an infanta of Spain
* ** also an infanta of Spain and Portugal
* ^ also a princess of Tuscany
* # also a princess of Modena

* v
* t
* e

Austrian archduchesses by marriage

Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.

1st generation|

* Eleanor of Portugal
* Mechthild of the Palatinate
* Eleanor of Scotland
* Catherine of Saxony

2nd generation|

* Mary, Duchess of Burgundy
* Anne, Duchess of Brittany
* Bianca Maria Sforza

3rd generation|

* Joanna, Queen of Castile

4th generation|

* Infanta Isabella of Portugal
* Anne of Bohemia and Hungary

5th generation|

* Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal*
* Mary I of England*
* Infanta Maria of Spain^
* Anna Juliana Gonzaga
* Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria

6th generation|

* Archduchess Anna of Austria^
* Isabella Clara Eugenia^
* Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Claudia de' Medici

7th generation|

* Princess Elisabeth of France*
* Infanta Maria Ana of Spain^
* Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria^
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Anna de' Medici
* Countess Palatine Hedwig of Sulzbach

8th generation|

* Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain^
* Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria^
* Countess Palatine Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg

9th generation|

* Princess Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg
* Princess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

10th generation|

* None

11th generation|

* Princess Isabella of Parma**
* Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria**
* Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain**
* Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa**

12th generation|

* Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg**
* Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily**
* Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily**
* Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg**
* Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia**
* Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym**
* Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg**
* Princess Elisabeth of Savoy**
* Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy

13th generation|

* Princess Sophie of Bavaria
* Princess Maria Anna of Saxony**
* Princess Hildegard of Bavaria
* Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria^
* Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
* Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria, Duchess of Modena

14th generation|

* Princess Charlotte of Belgium
* Princess Margaretha of Saxony
* Princess Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies
* Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal
* Princess Anna of Saxony**
* Princess Maria Immaculata of the Two Sicilies**
* Princess Isabella of Croÿ
* Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria^
* Princess Auguste Maria of Bavaria

15th generation|

* Princess Stéphanie of Belgium
* Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
* Princess Maria Cristina of the Two Sicilies**
* Princess Blanca of Bourbon**
* Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria^**

16th generation|

* Princess Zita of Parma
* Princess Ileana of Romania**
* Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm**

17th generation|

* Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen
* Princess Margherita of Savoy
* Princess Yolande of Ligne
* Laetitia d'Arenberg**

18th generation|

* Freiin Francesca Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon et Impérfalva
* Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg
* Princess Astrid of Belgium
* Princess Marie Astrid of Luxembourg

*also an infanta of Spain by marriage; **also a princess of Tuscany by marriage; ^also an archduchess of Austria in her own right

* v
* t
* e

Queens and empresses of Germany

East Francia during the
Carolingian dynasty (843–911)|

* Hemma
* Liutgard of Saxony
* Richardis
* Ota

East Francia (911–919)
Kingdom of Germany (919–962)|

* Cunigunde of Swabia
* Matilda of Ringelheim
* Eadgyth
* Adelaide of Italy

Kingdom of Germany within the
Holy Roman Empire (962–1806)|

* Adelaide of Italy
* Theophanu
* Cunigunde of Luxembourg
* Gisela of Swabia
* Gunhilda of Denmark
* Agnes of Poitou
* Bertha of Savoy
* Eupraxia of Kiev
* Constance of Sicily
* Matilda of England
* Richenza of Northeim
* Gertrude of Comburg
* Gertrude of Sulzbach
* Adelaide of Vohburg
* Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy
* Constance I of Sicily
* Irene Angelina
* Beatrice of Swabia
* Constance of Aragon
* Margaret of Austria
* Isabella II of Jerusalem
* Isabella of England
* Bianca Lancia
* Elisabeth of Bavaria
* Gertrude of Hohenberg
* Isabella of Burgundy
* Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg
* Elisabeth of Carinthia
* Margaret of Brabant
* Beatrice of Silesia
* Isabella of Aragon
* Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
* Blanche of Valois
* Anne of Bavaria
* Anna von Schweidnitz
* Elizabeth of Pomerania
* Joanna of Bavaria
* Sophia of Bavaria
* Elisabeth of Nuremberg
* Barbara of Cilli
* Elizabeth of Luxembourg
* Eleanor of Portugal
* Bianca Maria Sforza
* Isabella of Portugal
* Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
* Maria of Austria
* Anna of Tyrol
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Maria Anna of Spain
* Maria Leopoldine of Austria
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Margaret Theresa of Spain
* Claudia Felicitas of Austria
* Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
* Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
* Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
* Maria Amalia of Austria
* Maria Theresa
* Maria Josepha of Bavaria
* Maria Luisa of Spain
* Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

German Empire (1871–1918)|

* Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
* Victoria of the United Kingdom
* Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

* v
* t
* e

Royal consorts of Bohemia

Přemyslid|

| c. 870-1198 (Duchesses)|

* Ludmila of Bohemia
* Drahomíra
* Biagota
* Emma of Mělník
* Božena
* Judith of Schweinfurt
* Ida of Wettin
* Adelaide of Hungary
* Świętosława of Poland1
* Wirpirk of Tengling
* Lukarta of Bogen
* Helbirga of Austria
* Richeza of Berg
* Adelaide of Hungary
* Gertrude of Babenberg
* Judith of Thuringia1
* Elizabeth of Hungary
* Elisabeth of Greater Poland
* Hellicha of Wittelsbach

|

1198-1306 (Queens)|

* Adelaide of Meissen
* Constance of Hungary
* Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen
* Margaret of Austria
* Kunigunda of Halych
* Judith of Habsburg
* Elizabeth Richeza of Poland
* Viola of Teschen

Non-dynastic|

| 1306-1310|

* Anne of Bohemia
* Elizabeth Richeza of Poland

|

Luxembourg|

| 1310-1437|

* Elizabeth of Bohemia
* Beatrice of Bourbon
* Blanche of Valois
* Anne of Bavaria
* Anna von Schweidnitz
* Elizabeth of Pomerania
* Joanna of Bavaria
* Sophia of Bavaria
* Barbara of Cilli

|

Habsburg|

| 1437-1457|

* Elizabeth of Luxembourg

|

Non-dynastic|

| 1457-1471|

* Joanna of Rožmitál

|

Jagiellonian|

| 1471-1526|

* Barbara of Brandenburg
* Beatrice of Naples
* Anne of Foix-Candale
* Mary of Hungary

|

Habsburg|

| 1526-1780|

* Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
* Maria of Austria
* Anna of Tyrol
* Elizabeth Stuart
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Maria Anna of Spain
* Maria Leopoldine of Austria
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Margaret Theresa of Spain
* Claudia Felicitas of Austria
* Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
* Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
* Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
* Maria Amalia

|

Habsburg-Lorraine|

| 1780-1918|

* Maria Luisa of Spain
* Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
* Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este
* Caroline Augusta of Bavaria
* Maria Anna of Savoy
* Elisabeth of Bavaria
* Zita of Bourbon-Parma

|

* 1 also titled Queen of Bohemia

* v
* t
* e

Royal consorts of Austria

House of Babenberg|

* Richardis of Sualafeldgau
* Glismod of West-Saxony
* Frozza Orseolo
* Adelaide of Eilenburg
* Swanhilde of Ungarnmark
* Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg
* Maria of Perg
* Agnes of Waiblingen
* Maria of Bohemia
* Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
* Theodora Komnene
* Helena of Hungary
* Theodora Angelina
* Agnes of Merania

Interregnum|

* Kunigunda of Halych

House of Habsburg
Austria|

* Gertrude of Hohenberg
* Elisabeth of Carinthia
* Blanche of France
* Elizabeth Richeza of Poland
* Isabella of Aragon
* Catherine of Savoy
* Joanna of Pfirt
* Elizabeth of Bavaria
* Anne of Bohemia
* Catherine of Bohemia
* Viridis Visconti
* Elisabeth of Bohemia
* Beatrice of Nuremberg
* Joanna Sophia of Bavaria
* Elizabeth of Luxembourg
* Eleanor of Portugal
* Bianca Maria Sforza
* Isabella of Portugal
* Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
* Maria of Austria
* Anna of Tyrol
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Maria Anna of Spain
* Maria Leopoldine of Austria
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Claudia de' Medici
* Anna de' Medici
* Hedwig of Sulzbach
* Margaret Theresa of Spain
* Claudia Felicitas of Austria
* Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
* Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
* Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
* Maria Josepha of Bavaria
* Maria Luisa of Spain
* Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
* Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este
* Caroline Augusta of Bavaria
* Maria Anna of Savoy
* Elisabeth of Bavaria
* Zita of Bourbon-Parma

House of Habsburg
Styria, Carinthia, Carniola|

* Viridis Visconti
* Joanna II of Naples
* Catherine of Burgundy
* Margaret of Pomerania
* Cymburgis of Masovia
* Eleanor of Portugal
* Mechthild of the Palatinate
* Bianca Maria Sforza
* Isabella of Portugal
* Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
* Maria Anna of Bavaria
* Maria Anna of Bavaria

House of Habsburg
Tyrol|

* Catherine of Bohemia
* Viridis Visconti
* Joanna II of Naples
* Elisabeth of the Palatinate
* Anna of Brunswick
* Eleanor of Scotland
* Catherine of Saxony
* Anne of Brittany
* Bianca Maria Sforza
* Isabella of Portugal
* Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
* Anna Juliana Gonzaga
* Anna of Tyrol
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Claudia de' Medici
* Anna de' Medici
* Hedwig of Sulzbach
* Margaret Theresa of Spain
* Claudia Felicitas of Austria
* Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg

* v
* t
* e

Queens of Hungary

* Gisela of Bavaria (1000–1038)
* Anastasia of Kiev (1046–1060)
* Richeza of Poland (1060–1063)
* Judith of Swabia (1063–1074)
* Synadene (1074–1077)
* Adelaide of Rheinfelden (1077–1090)
* Felicia of Sicily (1097–1102)
* Euphemia of Kiev (1112–1113)
* Helena of Serbia (1131–1141)
* Euphrosyne of Kiev (1146–1162)
* Yaroslavna of Halych (1167–1168)
* Agnes of Babenberg (1168–1172)
* Maria Komnene (1163–1165)
* Agnes of Antioch (1172–1184)
* Margaret of France (1186–1196)
* Constance of Aragon (1198–1204)
* Gertrude of Merania (1205–1213)
* Yolanda of Courtenay (1215–1233)
* Beatrice d'Este (1234–1235)
* Maria Laskarina (1235–1270)
* Elizabeth the Cuman (1270–1272)
* Elizabeth of Sicily (1272–1290)
* Fenenna of Kuyavia (1290–1295)
* Agnes of Habsburg (1296–1301)
* Viola of Teschen (1305)
* Maria of Bytom (1306–1317)
* Beatrice of Luxembourg (1318–1319)
* Elisabeth of Poland (1320–1342)
* Margaret of Bohemia (1342–1349)
* Elizabeth of Bosnia (1353–1382)
* Margaret of Durazzo (1385–1386)
* Barbara of Cilli (1405–1437)
* Elizabeth of Luxembourg (1437–1442)
* Catherine of Poděbrady (1461–1464)
* Beatrice of Naples (1476–1490)
* Barbara of Brandenburg (1490–1491)
* Beatrice of Naples (1491–1500)
* Anne of Foix-Candale (1502–1506)
* Maria of Austria (1515–1526)
* Isabella Jagiellon (1539–1540)
* Anna Jagiellon (1526–1547)
* Maria of Austria (1563–1576)
* Anna of Tyrol (1608–1618)
* Eleonora Gonzaga (1622–1625)
* Maria Anna of Spain (1631–1646)
* Maria Leopoldine of Austria (1648–1649)
* Eleonora Gonzaga (1651–1657)
* Margaret Theresa of Spain (1666–1673)
* Claudia Felicitas of Austria (1673–1676)
* Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg (1676–1705)
* Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick (1699–1711)
* Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1711–1740)
* Maria Luisa of Spain (1790–1792)
* Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (1792–1807)
* Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este (1808–1816)
* Caroline Augusta of Bavaria (1816–1830)
* Maria Anna of Savoy (1831–1848)
* Elisabeth of Bavaria (1854–1898)
* Zita of Bourbon-Parma (1916–1918)

* v
* t
* e

Holy Roman empresses

Carolingian Empire|

* Ermengarde of Hesbaye
* Judith of Bavaria
* Ermengarde of Tours
* Engelberga of Parma
* Richilde of Provence
* Saint Richardis of Nordgau
* Ageltrude of Benevento
* Ota of Neustria
* Anna of Constantinople
* Bertila of Parma
* Anna of Provence

Holy Roman Empire|

* Adelaide of Italy
* Theophanu of Constantinople
* Cunigunde of Luxembourg
* Gisela of Swabia
* Agnes of Poitou
* Bertha of Savoy
* Eupraxia of Kiev
* Matilda of England
* Richenza of Northeim
* Beatrice, Countess of Burgundy
* Constance, Queen of Sicily
* Beatrice of Swabia
* Maria of Brabant
* Constance of Aragon
* Yolande, Queen of Jerusalem
* Isabella of England
* Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
* Anna of Świdnica
* Elizabeth of Pomerania
* Barbara of Cilli
* Eleanor of Portugal
* Bianca Maria of Milan
* Isabella of Portugal
* Maria of Spain
* Anna of Tyrol
* Eleonora of Mantua
* Maria Anna of Spain
* Maria Leopoldine of Austria
* Eleonora of Mantua
* Margaret Theresa of Spain
* Claudia Felicitas of Austria
* Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
* Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
* Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
* Maria Amalia of Austria
* Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary
* Maria Josepha of Bavaria
* Ludovica of Spain
* Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

* For empresses after 1806, see empresses of Austria and the corresponding template
* Category

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Netherlands
* Sweden
* Poland
* Vatican
* Israel

People|

* Deutsche Biographie
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef
* Yale LUX

*[m.]: married
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[c.]: circa