Marivan

City in Kurdistan province, Iran

For the administrative division of Kurdistan province, see Marivan County. For the village in Kermanshah province, see Marivan.

City in Kurdistan, Iran

Marivan

Persian: مريوان
Kurdish: مەریوان

City

Marivan

Marivan

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Marivan

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Coordinates: 35°31′18″N 46°10′50″E﻿ / ﻿35.52167°N 46.18056°E﻿ / 35.52167; 46.18056[1]
Country| Iran
Province| Kurdistan
County| Marivan
District| Central
Founded| 1950s
Elevation

| 1,310 m (4,300 ft)
Population

(2016)[2]

• Total

| 136,654
Time zone| UTC+3:30 (IRST)
Area code| (+98)875
Website| www.marivancity.ir

Marivan (Persian: مریوان حاشیەی کوردستان; (listen)ⓘ)[a] is a city in the Central District of Marivan County, Kurdistan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]

## Demographics

[edit]

### Language

[edit]

The city is populated by ethnic Kurds and the people of Marivan speak Kurdish.[5]

The linguistic composition of the city:[6]

| Marivan linguistic composition

Language |  | percent
Central Kurdish |

| 80%
Hawrami |

| 19%
New Persian |

| 1%

In 2023, the Marivan Cultural and Literacy Council and other institutions began updating entrance signs of the city and its countryside to include Kurdish. As of 2025, 200 village signs have been updated.[7]

### Population

[edit]

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 91,664 in 22,440 households.[8] The following census in 2011 counted 110,464 people in 29,743 households.[9] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 136,654 people in 39,368 households.[2]

## Climate

[edit]

Climate data for Marivan (normals 1992-2010)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 18.0
(64.4)  | 19.4
(66.9)  | 27.0
(80.6)  | 31.2
(88.2)  | 35.0
(95.0)  | 37.8
(100.0)  | 40.5
(104.9)  | 41.4
(106.5)  | 38.2
(100.8)  | 32.0
(89.6)  | 24.6
(76.3)  | 22.6
(72.7)  | 41.4
(106.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 0.2
(32.4)  | 2.2
(36.0)  | 6.8
(44.2)  | 11.9
(53.4)  | 16.3
(61.3)  | 21.2
(70.2)  | 25.1
(77.2)  | 24.9
(76.8)  | 20.2
(68.4)  | 15.1
(59.2)  | 8.1
(46.6)  | 3.4
(38.1)  | 13.0
(55.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 155.2
(6.11)  | 167.0
(6.57)  | 146.6
(5.77)  | 119.4
(4.70)  | 50.9
(2.00)  | 3.8
(0.15)  | 1.3
(0.05)  | 0.5
(0.02)  | 3.9
(0.15)  | 37.2
(1.46)  | 114.6
(4.51)  | 130.7
(5.15)  | 931.1
(36.64)
Source: IRIMO[10][11][12]

## Archaeology

[edit]

The archaeological site of Tepe Qaleh Naneh is located in the Marivan plain near the city of Marivan. It is a large site that extends to the south and around the modern city.

Lake Zaribar is roughly at the centre of the Marivan plain. The settlement of Qaleh Naneh goes back to the Late Chalcolithic period. During that time, this already became a complex society, and had extensive cultural and commercial links with the neighbouring regions.[13]

A joint Italo-Iranian project, ‘Qaleh Naneh: Text Excavations and Survey in the Marivan Valley’ (QaNaTES), is now conducting the scientific investigations in this region of Marivan. It is focusing on the area of the Lake Zarībār and the valley of Marivan, and their development during the Bronze and Iron Ages (ca. 3000-600 BCE).[14]

The region of Qaleh Naneh is mentioned in cuneiform texts from the time of Amar-Sin (c. 2046–2037 BC), the third ruler of the Ur III Dynasty. A series of ancient place-names is known, that referred to journeys along the mountain roads between Qaleh Naneh area and the Tanjero river valley in Iraq.[15]

So this area has long time cultural and trade connections to the Diyala valley in Iraq. Especially the area around the modern Iraqi city of Halabja is relevant. That's where the Tanjero river joins Sirwan river and together they form the Diyala valley. Traditionally, the Diyala valley provided an important trade route between Iran and Iraq.[16]

At the time of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BC), the plain of Marivan belonged to 'the region of Zamua', that was probably politically autonomous. The region served as the western frontier of the Medes during the reign of Diyako. The region continued as a major trade post during the reign of Dariush III.

Some ancient texts also refer to 'a sea of Zamua'. There has been considerable confusion in past scholarship about this location. Although Assyriologist Adolf Billerbeck (1834-1908)[17] identified it with Lake Zaribar as early as 1898, other scholars also preferred to identify it with the much bigger Lake Urmia, that is also located in Iran, but a very considerable distance (about 250km) directly to the north of Zaribar.[18]

## See also

[edit]

Iran portal

* Shahrizor plain

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Also known as Mariwan and Qale Marīvān (English: Fort Marivan); Kurdish: مەریوان; formerly Dezhe Shapur (دِژ شاپور), also romanized as Dezhe Shapoor; also known as Dezhe Shāhpūr[3]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (28 December 2024). "Marivan, Marivan County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 28 December 2024.
2. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Kurdistan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
3. ^ Marivan can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3074138" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (2 November 2017) [Approved 12 September 1990]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Kurdistan province, centered in the city of Sanandaj. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 907-93808; Notification 83352/T130K. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
5. ^ Barani Zaghe, Nariman; Mehri, Azar; Jalaie, Shohreh; Moradi, Ronak (10 March 2019). "Cognate Status on Kurdish–Persian Bilingual Individuals' Ability to Retrieve Cognate and Non–Cognate Verbs". Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies. 9: 24.
6. ^ "Language distribution: Kordestan Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
7. ^ "Around 200 Kurdish language signs added in Iran's Marivan". Rudaw. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 16 June 2025.
8. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Kurdistan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
9. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Kurdistan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
10. ^ "Statistics of Synoptic stations: Marivan-40750 - Precipitation". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
11. ^ "Statistics of Synoptic stations: Marivan-40750 - Mean daily temperature". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
12. ^ "Statistics of Synoptic stations: Marivan-40750 - Highest recorded temperature". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
13. ^ Binandeh, A., Di Paolo, S. 2023, A Recent Archaeological Project in the Iranian Kurdistan. Iranian Scientific Archaeological Association.
14. ^ QaNaTES project website
15. ^ QaNaTES: historical background
16. ^ QaNaTES: historical background
17. ^ D.T. Potts 2022, Adolf Billerbeck: A Contribution to the Biography of a Forgotten Soldier and Scholar. Archiv für Orientforschung 55: 117-135
18. ^ QaNaTES: historical background

## External links

[edit]

* Government of Marivan
* Marivan News

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