Mark Levin

American lawyer, radio and television personality

Not to be confused with Mike Levin.

For his show, see The Mark Levin Show. For the American film director and screenwriter, see Mark Levin (director). For people with a similar name, see Mark Levine (disambiguation).

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|

Mark Levin

Levin speaking at Turning Point USA, 2019

Born|

Mark Reed Levin

(1957-09-21) September 21, 1957 (age 67)

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Education| Temple University Ambler (BA)
Temple University (JD)
Occupation(s)| Broadcast news analyst, columnist, political commentator, radio personality, writer
Awards| National Radio Hall of Fame
Website| Official website

Mark Reed Levin (/ləˈvɪn/; born September 21, 1957) is an American broadcast news analyst, columnist, lawyer, political commentator, radio personality, and writer. He is the host of syndicated radio show The Mark Levin Show, as well as Life, Liberty & Levin on Fox News. Levin worked in the administration of President Ronald Reagan and was a chief of staff for Attorney General Edwin Meese. He is the former president of the Landmark Legal Foundation, an author of seven books, and contributor to media outlets such as National Review Online. Since 2015, Levin has been editor-in-chief of the Conservative Review[1] and is known for his incendiary commentary.[2]

He has been described as "right-wing" by The New York Times, CNN, NPR, and Politico.[3][4][5][6] He is known for his strident criticisms of Democrats and encouragement of primary challenges to congressional Republicans that he considers to be "Republican In Name Only" (RINO). He endorsed Ted Cruz in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries and declared himself "Never Trump", but reluctantly endorsed Donald Trump after he won the Republican nomination.[7] Since the start of the first Trump presidency, Levin's commentary has become pro-Trump.[8]

## Early life and education

[edit]

Mark Reed Levin, one of three boys, was born in Philadelphia to a Jewish family,[9] and grew up in Erdenheim as well as Elkins Park. His father, Jack E. Levin (1925–2018), authored several books.[10] He graduated from Cheltenham High School after three years, in 1974.[11][12] Skipping his senior year of high school, Levin enrolled at Temple University Ambler and graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa with a B.A. in Political Science in 1977 at age 19.[12][13] Later in 1977, Levin won election to the Cheltenham school board on a platform of reducing property taxes.[12] In 1980, Levin earned a J.D. from Temple University School of Law.[14]

## Legal and political career

[edit]

Levin worked for Texas Instruments after law school.[12] Beginning in 1981, Levin worked in the administration of President Ronald Reagan. Levin began at ACTION, the federal agency that oversaw VISTA and other volunteer agencies, before serving as deputy assistant secretary for elementary and secondary education at the U.S. Department of Education and deputy solicitor of the U.S. Department of the Interior. He ultimately became chief of staff to Attorney General Edwin Meese.[15]

After leaving the Reagan administration, Levin practiced law in the private sector. In 1991, Levin joined public interest law firm Landmark Legal Foundation.[16][17][18][19] At Landmark, Levin served as director of legal policy and the foundation's Washington-based Center for Civil Rights before becoming president in 1997.[20][21][22] Under Levin's presidency, Landmark Legal filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission in 2000 alleging that the National Education Association, the largest teachers' union in the U.S., did not disclose spending on political activity in Internal Revenue Service documentation.[23] Landmark Legal also filed similar complaints with the United States Department of Labor in 2002 regarding NEA and political activity; by 2006, the NEA and smaller American Federation of Teachers had filed new documents with the Labor Department revealing over $100 million combined in political action spending.[24]

Following Freedom of Information Act requests in August 2012 of documents that would show if Environmental Protection Agency officials sought to delay regulations until after the 2012 presidential election, federal judge Royce Lamberth ruled in 2015 that although Landmark Legal did not establish that the EPA acted in bad faith, the EPA either carelessly or intentionally neglected Landmark's FOIA request.[25] Lamberth previously ruled in 2013 that the EPA might have attempted to evade Landmark's FOIA request.[26]

In 2001, the American Conservative Union awarded Levin its Ronald Reagan Award for his work with Landmark Legal.[27][28] Politico reported in 2014 that Levin received a salary of more than $300,000 per year as president of the non-profit Landmark Legal Foundation, whose donors include the Sarah Scaife Foundation, the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation and ExxonMobil.[29] In 2018, Levin stepped down as president of Landmark Legal but remained on its board of directors.[30]

## Radio broadcasting

[edit]

See also: The Mark Levin Show

Levin speaks at the 2011 Defending the American Dream Conference hosted by Americans for Prosperity

Levin began his broadcasting career as a guest on conservative talk radio programs. For many years, he was a contributor of legal opinions to The Rush Limbaugh Show,[31] appearing more regularly as the Monica Lewinsky scandal developed. About this time, Sean Hannity became aware of him, and he began to feature in Hannity's radio show.[15] Eventually, Levin gained a radio slot of his own on WABC, initially on Sundays beginning in 2002, then in the timeslot following Hannity's program in 2003. Cumulus Media Networks began syndicating The Mark Levin Show nationally in 2006.[15][32][33]

Levin has participated in Freedom Concerts, an annual benefit concert to aid families of fallen soldiers, and uses his radio program to promote aid to military families.[34] Levin is also involved with Move America Forward, a charity that sends care packages to soldiers serving overseas.[35]

On February 11, 2016, Levin signed a ten-year contract extension with Westwood One, which will take his show through 2025, its 19th year.[36]

On November 16, 2018, he was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame.[37]

## Television shows

[edit]

Since 2014, Levin has been the founding editor-in-chief of Conservative Review, a multi-platform online television network that later merged with Glenn Beck's terrestrial network TheBlaze in 2018 to form Blaze Media. Programs airing on the network include Levin, Roaming Millennial, Truth Be Told, Allie, In the Woods with Phil, Kibbe on Liberty, Louder with Crowder, America Bolling, and more.

In November 2017, Fox News announced that it had signed Levin for a weekend show titled Life, Liberty & Levin to air on Sunday nights beginning in February 2018.[38] According to a pre-debut network news release, the program's intention was to explore "the fundamental values and principles undergirding American society, culture, politics, and current events, and their relevance to the nation's future and everyday lives of citizens."[39] Episodes feature one or two guests for the hour-long program discussing political events, news, and history. In September 2023, Fox News announced that Levin's show would air new episodes on Saturdays as well as its usual Sunday timeslot, starting on September 16.[40]

## Writer

[edit]

Levin wrote the 2005 book Men In Black: How The Supreme Court Is Destroying America, in which he advanced his thesis that activist judges on the Supreme Court (from all parts of the political spectrum) have "legislated from the bench". Commentary magazine's Dan Seligman wrote that Levin asks readers "to identify with 'originalists' who look to the text of the Constitution and the intent of its framers, and to reject the 'activists' who construe the Constitution broadly and are more concerned with getting to their own 'desired outcomes'".[41] Slate magazine's Dahlia Lithwick wrote that "no serious scholar of the court or the Constitution, on the ideological left or right, is going to waste their time engaging Levin's arguments once they've read this book".[42]

Rescuing Sprite: A Dog Lover's Story of Joy and Anguish is a non-fiction work written by Levin in 2007 about his experience of rescuing a dog named Sprite from a local animal shelter.[43]

Liberty and Tyranny: A Conservative Manifesto was released in 2009, and became a #1 New York Times best seller for eleven of twelve weeks,[44] as well as No. 1 on Nielsen BookScan and No. 2 on Amazon.com's list of bestselling books of 2009.[45] The book includes discussion of issues Levin believes need to be addressed in the United States. In Liberty and Tyranny Levin repudiates the use of the term "progressive" to describe "modern Liberals", and argues that "statist" would instead be a proper term. Liberty and Tyranny has sold over one million copies according to Threshold Editions, the book's publisher.[46] Andrew C. McCarthy, in The New Criterion, wrote, "Levin offers not so much a defense as a plan of attack" against "America's Leftist ascendancy".[47] Other reviewers critiqued the book as "analysis utterly useless in understanding more than half of the American political landscape" while opining that "Levin resorts to the same old misinformation to sell his brand of conservatism".[48][49]

Ameritopia: The Unmaking of America was issued in 2012. In Ameritopia, Levin discusses the origins and development of both the modern day conservative and liberal political philosophies, the latter of which he refers to as "statist", through the works of some of the leading figures in American history.[50] Included are commentaries on works by Plato, Sir Thomas More, Thomas Hobbes, Karl Marx, John Locke, Charles de Montesquieu and Alexis de Tocqueville.[51] Conor Friedersdorf's review, published in The Atlantic, criticized the text's argument that statism is based on utopianism,[51] and Carlin Romano, in The Chronicle of Higher Education, wrote that "Ameritopia is really Ameritastrophe. It's disastrously bad from beginning to end."[52]

In Levin's 2013 book The Liberty Amendments: Restoring the American Republic he suggests eleven new Constitutional amendments. The book debuted at #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list.[53] Hans A. von Spakovsky of National Review Online called the book "required reading for conservative bloggers".[54] Ana Marie Cox, writing in The Guardian, said the book "contains some radical notions about a complete overhaul of the US constitution, but to debate the specifics of their merits is to ignore the larger insanity of the project" while noting "the ludicrousness of his specific 'fixes' and the near-impossibility of achieving them".[55] Also in The Washington Times, Richard W. Rahn wrote, "If The Liberty Amendments can help foster a national debate about which corrective actions, including constitutional amendments, are needed to increase liberty and prosperity, Mr. Levin will have performed a great national service".[56] Hoover Institution fellow David Davenport wrote in Forbes that Levin's book used "weak arguments".[57][58]

Levin's Plunder and Deceit: Big Government's Exploitation of Young People and the Future was published in 2015,[59] and Rediscovering Americanism and the Tyranny of Progressivism in 2017.

Levin and Ted Cruz at the 2017 CPAC conference

Levin's Unfreedom of the Press, which was released on May 21, 2019, became the number one best-selling book on Amazon.com three days before its official release, as a result of pre-order sales. Unfreedom of the Press also became a New York Times #1 best-seller on June 6, 2019, in the combined print & e-book nonfiction and hardcover nonfiction categories.[60][61][62] Lloyd Green was critical of the book in The Guardian writing that the book "is not exactly fan fiction but it can get ahead of itself when discussing the special counsel's conclusions, ending up sounding like the 'fake news' the author and Trump both purport to abhor."[63] Annalisa Quinn, writing for NPR, stated: "the book is largely filler. Quotations and paraphrasing make up the majority of the book's central chapters. Lengthy and irrelevant block quotes from historians about, say, colonial printing practices... give the book the air of a padded student essay."[64] Quinn also wrote, "[Levin] conducts no interviews, presents no original research, and visits no newsrooms", and "When Levin does offer his own analysis, it can approach parody."[64] On June 8, 2019, Levin appeared on C-SPAN2's Book TV to discuss Unfreedom of the Press, "in which he argued that the press has lowered its standards in providing objective and trustworthy journalism."[65]

In 2021, Levin published American Marxism, a book written in reaction to the events that have transpired so far in 2021 and also seeks to characterize the Marxist attributes of the American Left.[66][67][68][69] As of November 14, 2021, the book had spent 16 weeks on the New York Times Bestseller List for nonfiction.[70]

## Political views

[edit]

This article is part of a series on

Conservatism
in the United States

Schools

* Compassionate
* Fiscal
* Fusion
* Liberal
* Libertarian
* Moderate
* Movement
* Neo-
* Paleo-
* Postliberal
* Populist
* Progressive
* Social
* Straussian
* Traditionalist

Principles

* American exceptionalism
* American nationalism
* Anti-communism
* Christian nationalism
* Civil religion
* Classical liberalism
* Communitarianism
* Constitutionalism
* Culture of life
* Pro-life
* Familialism
* Family values
* Federalism
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* Gender essentialism
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* Judeo-Christian values
* Individualism
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* Limited government
* Meritocracy
* Natural aristocracy
* Militarism
* Peace through strength
* Moral absolutism
* Natural law
* Ordered liberty
* Patriotism
* Property rights
* Republicanism
* Right to bear arms
* Rule of law
* Supply-side economics
* Tradition

History

* Loyalists
* Solid South
* Neo- vs. paleoconservatism
* New Humanism
* Southern Agrarians
* Old Right
* Conservative Manifesto
* Conservative coalition
* America First Committee
* McCarthyism
* Goldwater campaign
* New Right
* Southern strategy
* Reagan era
* Reagan Doctrine
* Reaganomics
* Redeemers
* Watergate
* Republican Revolution
* Tea Party movement
* January 6 United States Capitol attack

Intellectuals

* Adams
* Anton
* Babbitt
* Bacevich
* Baskerville
* Bell
* Bellow
* Berger
* Bloom
* Boorstin
* Buckley
* Burnham
* Calhoun
* Chambers
* Conquest
* Deneen
* Eastman
* Eberstadt
* Eliot
* Francis
* Genovese
* Gottfried
* Hanson
* Hazony
* Himmelfarb
* Hoppe
* Hurston
* Jaffa
* Kendall
* Kimball
* Kirk
* Kirkpatrick
* Kreeft
* Kristol
* Kuehnelt-Leddihn
* Lasch
* Lind
* Lovecraft
* Loury
* Lukacs
* Mansfield
* Mencken
* Meyer
* Molnar
* Murray
* Nisbet
* Ransom
* Rieff
* Santayana
* Schaeffer
* Sowell
* Strauss
* Viereck
* Voegelin
* Washington
* Weaver
* Weyl
* Wolfe

Politicians

* Adams (John)
* Adams (John Quincy)
* Bolton
* Buchanan
* Bush (George H. W.)
* Bush (George W.)
* Calhoun
* Cheney
* Clay
* Coolidge
* Cotton
* Cruz
* DeSantis
* Dirksen
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* Hamilton
* Harding
* Hawley
* Helms
* Hoover
* Lincoln
* Lodge
* Luce
* McCain
* McCarthy
* McConnell
* Nixon
* Palin
* Paul (Rand)
* Paul (Ron)
* Pence
* Randolph
* Roosevelt
* Reagan
* Romney
* Rubio
* Rumsfeld
* Ryan
* Santorum
* Sherman
* Taft (Robert)
* Taft (William)
* Thurmond
* Trump
* Vance
* Wallace
* Wolfowitz

Jurists

* Alito
* Barrett
* Bork
* Burger
* Carl
* Colson
* George
* Goldsmith
* Gorsuch
* Graglia
* Harlan II
* Kavanaugh
* Kennedy
* Luttig
* O'Connor
* Parker
* Rehnquist
* Roberts
* Scalia
* Sessions
* Sutherland
* Taft
* Thomas
* Vermeule

Commentators

* Beck
* Bongino
* Breitbart
* Buchanan
* Buckley
* Caldwell
* Carlson
* Chodorov
* Cooper
* Coulter
* D'Souza
* Derbyshire
* DiLorenzo
* Douthat
* Dreher
* Elder
* Fleming
* Goldberg
* Grant
* Griffin
* Van den Haag
* Hannity
* Hart
* Herberg
* Hoover
* Ingraham
* Jones
* Khachiyan
* Kirk
* Knowles
* Krauthammer
* Lahren
* Levin
* Limbaugh
* Mac Donald
* Metaxas
* Neuhaus
* Nekrasova
* Ngo
* North
* Novak
* O'Reilly
* Owens
* Podhoretz
* Pool
* Portnoy
* Prager
* Robertson
* Shapiro
* Stormer
* Sullivan
* Walsh
* Whittle
* Will
* Wintrich
* Woods

Activists

* Agostinelli
* Ahmanson Jr.
* Andreessen
* Atwater
* Bannon
* Bennett
* Bezmenov
* Bozell
* Cohn
* Coors
* Dans
* Dilling
* Dobson
* Drudge
* Falwell
* Feulner
* Gabriel
* Gaines
* Horowitz
* Krikorian
* Kirk
* Kristol
* LaHaye (Beverly)
* LaHaye (Tim)
* Lindbergh
* Leo
* McEntee
* Mellon Scaife
* Mercer (father)
* Mercer (daughter)
* Miller
* Murdoch
* Musk
* O'Keefe
* Park
* Prager
* Reed
* Regnery
* Roberts
* Rove
* Rufo
* Rusher
* Schlafly (Andrew)
* Schlafly (Phyllis)
* Stone
* Starbuck
* Thiel
* Viguerie
* Thomas
* Washington
* Weyrich
* Wood
* Yenor

Literature

* The Federalist Papers (1788)
* Democracy in America (1835–1840)
* Democracy and Leadership (1924)
* Notes on Democracy (1926)
* I'll Take My Stand (1930)
* Our Enemy, the State (1935)
* The Managerial Revolution (1941)
* Ideas Have Consequences (1948)
* God and Man at Yale (1951)
* The Conservative Mind (1953)
* The Conscience of a Conservative (1960)
* A Choice Not an Echo (1964)
* Losing Ground (1984)
* A Conflict of Visions (1987)
* The Closing of the American Mind (1987)
* The Bell Curve (1994)
* The Revolt of the Elites (1995)
* The Death of the West (2001)
* Black Rednecks and White Liberals (2005)
* Hillbilly Elegy (2017)
* The Benedict Option (2017)
* Why Liberalism Failed (2018)

Concerns

* Abortion
* Cancel Culture
* Culture war
* Multiculturalism
* "Disparate impact" controversy
* CRT controversy
* DEI controversy
* Griggs v. Duke Power Co.
* Higher ed. bubble
* Go woke, go broke
* ESG
* "Woke capitalism"
* Homeschooling
* Illegal immigration
* and crime
* Border crisis
* Intelligence and public policy
* Legal theories
* Originalism
* Textualism
* Managerial state
* Mudsill theory
* Muslim immigration ban
* Second Amendment
* Remigration
* Sheriffs
* Sub-replacement fertility
* Unitary executive theory

Parties

Active

* American Party
* American Independent Party
* Conservative Party of New York State
* Constitution Party
* Republican Party

Defunct

* Anti-Masonic Party
* Constitutional Union Party
* Democratic Party (historically, factions)
* Boll weevils
* Conservative Democrats
* Dixiecrats
* Reagan Democrats
* Southern Democrats
* Rhode Island Suffrage Party
* Federalist Party
* National Republican Party
* Native American Party
* Whig Party

Think tanks

* Acton Institute
* Alexis de Tocqueville Institution
* American Enterprise Institute
* American Compass
* Center for Security Policy
* Center for the National Interest
* Charles Koch Institute
* Claremont Institute
* Competitive Enterprise Institute
* David Horowitz Freedom Center
* Ethics and Public Policy Center
* Family Research Institute
* Gatestone Institute
* Heartland Institute
* The Heritage Foundation
* Heritage Action
* Mandate for Leadership
* Project 2025
* Hoover Institution
* Hudson Institute
* Intercollegiate Studies Institute
* James Madison Program
* Leadership Institute
* Manhattan Institute
* Mises Institute
* Pacific Research Institute
* Project for the New American Century
* Ripon Society
* R Street Institute
* Rockford Institute
* State Policy Network
* Sutherland Institute
* Tax Foundation
* Witherspoon Institute

Media

Newspapers

* Chicago Tribune
* Dallas Morning News
* The Epoch Times
* New Hampshire Union Leader
* The Jewish Voice
* The New York Observer
* New York Post
* The Remnant
* The Spotlight
* The Wall Street Journal (editorial board)
* The Washington Times

Journals

* American Affairs
* The American Conservative
* The American Spectator
* American Thinker
* City Journal
* Claremont Review of Books
* Commentary
* Compact
* Chronicles
* The Dispatch
* First Things
* The Imaginative Conservative
* Jewish World Review
* Modern Age
* National Affairs
* The National Interest
* National Review
* Public Discourse
* Tablet
* Taki's Magazine
* Telos
* The New American
* The New Atlantis
* The New Criterion
* Policy Review (defunct)
* Spectator USA
* Southern Partisan
* Washington Examiner
* The Weekly Standard (defunct)

TV channels

* CBN
* Fox Business
* Fox News
* Newsmax TV
* One America News Network
* VOZ

Websites

* Babylon Bee
* Breitbart News
* The Bulwark
* Campus Reform
* Conservative Review
* Daily Caller
* Daily Signal
* Daily Wire
* Discover the Networks
* Drudge Report
* The Federalist
* FrontPage Magazine
* Front Porch Republic
* Gateway Pundit
* Hot Air
* Human Events
* Independent Journal Review
* InfoWars
* Jihad Watch
* LifeZette
* NewsBusters
* PJ Media
* Rare
* RedState
* The Dispatch
* Townhall
* Twitchy
* Washington Examiner
* The Washington Free Beacon
* The Western Journal
* WorldNetDaily

Other

* Blaze Media
* Encounter Books
* Evie Magazine
* The First
* Imprimis
* The Political Cesspool
* Passage Publishing
* PragerU
* RealClearPolitics
* Red Scare
* Regnery Publishing
* RSBN
* The Rubin Report
* Sinclair Broadcast Group

Other organizations

Economics

* Americans for Tax Reform
* Club for Growth
* FreedomWorks (defunct)
* National Federation of Independent Business
* National Taxpayers Union
* Tea Party Patriots
* United States Chamber of Commerce

Gun rights

* Gun Owners of America
* National Association for Gun Rights
* National Rifle Association
* Second Amendment Caucus

Identity politics

* ACT for America
* Concerned Women for America
* Council of Conservative Citizens
* Gays Against Groomers
* Independent Women's Forum
* Log Cabin Republicans

Nativist

* Center for Immigration Studies
* Federation for American Immigration Reform
* NumbersUSA
* Oath Keepers
* Three Percenters

Religion

* Alliance Defending Freedom
* Court cases
* American Center for Law & Justice
* American Family Association
* The American TFP
* Chalcedon Foundation
* Christian Coalition of America
* Christian Voice
* Eagle Forum
* Family Research Council
* The Fellowship
* Focus on the Family
* Foundation for Moral Law
* Liberty Counsel
* Moral Majority (defunct)
* National Organization for Marriage
* National Right to Life Committee
* Parents Television and Media Council
* Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America
* Thomas More Law Center

Watchdog groups

* Accuracy in Media
* Econ Journal Watch
* Franklin News Foundation
* Judicial Watch
* Media Research Center
* O'Keefe Media Group
* Project Veritas (defunct)

Youth/student groups

* National Journalism Center
* Turning Point USA
* Young America's Foundation
* Young Americans for Liberty

Miscellaneous

* American Conservative Union
* Bradley Foundation
* The Conservative Caucus
* Council for National Policy
* CPAC
* Faith and Freedom Coalition
* Freedom Caucus
* The 85 Fund
* Hillsdale College
* John Birch Society
* John M. Olin Foundation
* Liberty Fund
* Liberty University
* Moms for Liberty
* National Association of Scholars
* Philadelphia Society
* Regent University
* Republican Study Committee
* Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal
* Texas Public Policy Foundation

Other

* America First Legal
* Atlas Network
* Collegiate Network
* ConservAmerica
* Donors Trust
* Federalist Society
* Gab
* Gettr
* Pacific Justice Institute
* Parler
* Republican Main Street Partnership
* The Right Stuff
* Society for American Civic Renewal
* Young Republicans
* Ziklag

Movements

* Asian and Pacific Islander
* Black
* Christian right
* Reconstructionism
* Classical education movement
* Paideia
* Female
* Green
* Hispanic and Latino
* LGBT
* Libertarian republicans
* Militia movement
* Monarchism
* Mormon
* White Horse Prophecy
* Theodemocracy
* Parental rights movement
* Fathers' rights
* Patriot movement
* Christian
* Radical right
* Reactionary feminism
* Right-libertarianism
* Paleolibertarianism
* Secessionism
* Neo-Confederates
* in Texas
* Trumpism
* Never Trump

Related

* Agenda47
* America First
* Bibliography of US conservatism
* Conservative talk radio
* GOP factions
* History of US conservatism
* Modern timeline
* List of American conservatives
* NatCon
* Colloquialisms
* "Barstool conservatism"
* "Cuckservative"
* "Don't immanentize the eschaton!"
* Republicans pounce
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* "South Park Republican"

* Conservatism portal
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* v
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A 2016 study which sought to measure incendiary discourse on talk radio and TV found that Levin scored highest on its measure of "outrage". The study looked at 10 prominent radio and television programs, known for incendiary discourse on political matters, and scored content on the basis of whether it used "emotional display", "misrepresentative exaggeration", "mockery", "conflagration", "slippery slope", "insulting" or "obscene language", and other factors, finding that Levin was the radio host who engaged in the most outrage. The study found that he utilized "outrage speech or behavior at a rate of more than one instance per minute."[2] In How Democracies Die, Harvard University political scientists Daniel Ziblatt and Steven Levitsky write that Mark Levin was among the popular right-wing talk radio hosts who "helped to legitimate the use of uncivil discourse" in American politics, and contribute to the erosion of democratic norms.[71] According to Politico, Levin has a "penchant for hysteria."[72]

### Views on politicians and other individuals

[edit]

According to The Guardian, "constant attacks on Democrats and the left are important components" of Levin's modus operandi.[73] According to Politico in May 2009, Levin pronounced "almost daily" that Obama "was a failure, a liar, and a 'statist' who is trying to destroy individual freedom."[74] According to Rutgers University political scientist Stephen Eric Bronner, Levin tends to use "socialism" as a "catch-all term to condemn any policy that strengthens the social welfare function of the state."[75] In July 2014, he called Jon Stewart "a knee-jerk idiot", and suggested that Stewart was a self-hating Jew.[76] He has stated that "Nancy Pelosi's politics comes as close to a form of modern-day fascism as I've ever seen".[2] In January 2019, he said Pelosi was "America's first fascist. And that's a fact". Levin said the new Congressional Speaker had "hijacked" the federal government by deciding to block the financing of President Trump's border wall.[77] Levin has also mocked how Pelosi looks, referred to Beto O'Rourke as a "weak man", and called Dick Blumenthal a "pathetic, loathsome liar".[64]

He has criticized Republicans – including Paul Ryan, Lindsey Graham,[4] John McCain, and Mitch McConnell[78] – with whom he disagrees. He sometimes refers to such individuals as RINOs.[73] Levin endorsed Orrin Hatch when he faced a primary challenge in 2012, but later apologized for his endorsement when Hatch said that he would be willing to support a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.[29] Since then, he endorsed a number of Republican primary challengers to incumbent Republican senators.[29] Levin supported the Tea Party Patriots' campaign to "fire" House Speaker John Boehner.[29] Earlier in 2010, Levin criticized Glenn Beck for his criticism of congressional Republicans.[79] He has referred to Mitt Romney as an "ass"[64] and called CNN host Brian Stelter a "creep".[64]

Levin supported U.S. Representative Mo Brooks in his campaign in the 2017 Alabama special election against incumbent Luther Strange, who had received a temporary appointment earlier that year.[80]

Levin strongly defended former EPA head Scott Pruitt while he was under a dozen separate ethics investigations. Levin said Pruitt's "policies on the whole have been outstanding," and "I don't throw good people under the bus because the left targets them."[81]

### Sponsorship and conflicts of interest

[edit]

During the 2012 election cycle, Levin's show was paid at least $757,000 in sponsorship by the Koch brothers-backed Americans for Prosperity to run ads for the group, a deal which began in the summer of 2010.[29][82] After the sponsorship ended, Levin began making ads for the Tea Party Patriots.[29] The Senate Conservatives Fund paid Simon & Schuster at least $427,000 for copies of Levin's Liberty or Tyranny in September and October 2013.[29][83] During the same period, on his radio show and Facebook page, Levin frequently promoted the group, which has funded primary challengers of Senate Republicans.[84] Levin did not disclose that the group had made $427,000 of purchases of his book.[84]

Levin endorsed Orrin Hatch when Levin was being sponsored by Americans for Prosperity (AFP) which also endorsed Hatch. Levin withdrew his endorsement of Hatch when Levin was being sponsored by the Tea Party Patriots.[29][82][84] Levin dismissed the allegations that he engages in "pay-to-play".[84]

### Barack Obama

[edit]

In 2009, Levin described as "absolutely right" the statement by Sarah Palin that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) includes death panels to decide whether elderly people or sick children were worthy of medical care.[85][86] In 2011, a caller to Levin's show, claiming to be a neurosurgeon, said that the Department of Health and Human Services had issued a document saying that people over age 70 would not be allowed to receive medical treatments. Levin said to the caller, "so Sarah Palin was right." The call was later revealed to be a hoax and the death panel claims were revealed to be false.[87][88][89] In late 2013, Levin said there were similarities between a gathering of "hand-picked" supporters of the Affordable Care Act chosen by the Obama administration to Nazi Sturmabteilung or "Brownshirts" drawing comparisons of the propaganda techniques of the two groups.[90]

Levin stated in 2013 that "the Muslim Brotherhood has infiltrated our government" and described President Obama as a Muslim Brotherhood "sympathizer". He speculated in November 2014 that, after the 2014 mid-term elections, Obama might go "full Mussolini".[90][91]

In February 2015, Levin stated that President Obama was "seeking to destroy Israel" because "Obama has an affinity for Islam far more than Christianity or Judaism." He blamed Obama for the Ebola crisis: "the political policies of this administration which opens the door wide to people from the poorest parts of the world. We don't know who they are, we don't know if they have diseases."[90]

### WMDs in Iraq

[edit]

In 2014, Levin claimed that the Bush administration's original WMD rationale for the Iraq War had been vindicated by citing reports of U.S. soldiers in Iraq that were wounded by the decayed remnants of Saddam Hussein's chemical weapons arsenal. The remnants in question were degraded and unusable chemical weapons shells from the 1980s. Levin faulted the Bush administration for not doing more to publicize these remnants of Iraq's former WMD program.[92]

### Donald Trump

[edit]

In March 2016, Levin endorsed Ted Cruz for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination.[93] Over a month after Donald Trump was nominated, in September 2016, Levin stated on this radio program that he would vote for Trump in the presidential election, following his declaration earlier that year that he was in the "Never Trump" camp and would never vote for Trump.[94][95][96] He qualified his support by stating: "I take no responsibility for the dumb things he says or the dumb things his surrogates say."[97]

#### Wiretap claim

[edit]

In March 2017, Levin alleged that the Obama administration had used "police state" surveillance tactics against the Donald Trump campaign during the 2016 presidential election. The Associated Press said that Levin "voiced without evidence the idea that Obama had wiretapped Trump Tower".[98] Levin protested the AP report vigorously, demanding a retraction and an apology on the grounds that his sources for the statement included The New York Times and other newspapers.[99] His statement was reprinted by Breitbart News and reportedly became the basis of President Trump's unfounded Trump Tower wiretapping allegations.[73][100] In September 2017, reports emerged of a court-ordered Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) wiretap on Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort; while certain Trump supporters alleged that this surveillance vindicated Levin and Trump's unsupported assertions, The Atlantic commented: "This is not true – Trump claimed he had been the subject of Obama-ordered, politically motivated surveillance, for which there remains no evidence."[101]

#### "Deep State" conspiracy theories

[edit]

Levin has said that there was a "coup" occurring against the first presidency of Donald Trump waged by Obama loyalists.[102][103] Levin's coup claim was referring to investigations of the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections and of alleged obstruction of justice by Trump. He has suggested that former FBI Director James Comey used the Trump-Russia dossier "to blackmail the president."[104][105] He has claimed that Special Counsel Robert Mueller engaged in a "Deep State" coup against Trump.[103]

#### Trump–Ukraine scandal

[edit]

Further information: Trump–Ukraine scandal

After President Trump pressed the President of Ukraine to start an investigation into Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden and his son, Levin strongly defended Trump's actions. Asked on Fox & Friends whether Levin was "okay" with Trump asking a foreign leader for "dirt" on Biden, Levin lashed out at the Fox & Friends host and repeatedly shouted there was "no problem" with what Trump did. Shortly thereafter, Trump praised Levin and retweeted more than 20 tweets by viewers praising Levin.[106][107][108] Levin also accused Joe Biden of being the one who "did something illegal", though he did not provide evidence or any elaboration.[109]

In October 2019, while Trump was the subject of the impeachment inquiry, Levin said that on his Blaze TV show: "While he's been president there hasn't even been a hint of scandal. Not a hint!" He was highly critical of Mitt Romney who increased his criticisms of President Trump during this period.[110]

#### 2020 election

[edit]

Following the 2020 presidential election, as all significant media organizations reported Joe Biden had won,[72] Levin told his radio audience that the Democrats were "stealing the election". He insisted on Twitter to his 2.4 million followers: "there's lots of evidence of voter fraud and election screw-ups."[111] On the same platform, on November 5, Levin called on Republican-controlled state legislatures to disregard the results of the 2020 election and send electors to the Electoral College who would vote for Trump.[72] The suggestion was retweeted by Donald Trump Jr.[112]

He praised Sidney Powell, a member of Trump's legal team, for what he considered to be her patriotism after she promoted conspiracy theories about the 2020 election and sought to overturn election results.[113] He frequently had guests on his show who led the audience to think Joe Biden's win in the presidential election could be overturned.[114]

On January 5, 2021, Levin insisted Congress's imminent counting of the Electoral College votes was an act of "tyranny" because of the supposed fraud.[115] He told his listeners, "If we don't fight on Jan. 6 on the floor of the Senate and the House... then we are done."[116] Following the next day's storming of the Capitol in Washington, he continued in the same vein. "It appears nothing has changed in 24 hours... Not a damn thing. The never-Trumpers, the RINOs, the media — same damn thing,"[115] although he was critical of the rioters.[117] Meanwhile, on the same day as the riot, Cumulus Media circulated a memo instructing its presenters, a roster which includes Levin, to cease implying the 2020 presidential election was stolen or face the end of the right to broadcast via Cumulus.[117]

### COVID-19 pandemic

[edit]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Levin downplayed the threat of the virus, arguing that the media was overreacting and that the death toll from the flu was higher than the coronavirus.[118]

### Russo-Ukrainian War

[edit]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Levin has supported Ukraine, saying that if Russia defeated Ukraine, Vladimir Putin would take further aggressive action.[119] He also criticized the Joe Biden administration for its response, which he considered to be lacking, and the isolationists and the "Putin wings" of the media, Democratic Party and the Republican Party. He also called for the US to arm Taiwan to defend themselves from China and call off the negotiations with Iran.[120] At the 2022 CPAC, Levin criticized populism and nationalism and called for the US to support Ukraine, saying that the CPAC means Conservative Political Action Committee, not "McGovern, populist or nationalist action committee" and "We love America because it’s America, not because we’re nationalists. I mean, the Russians are nationalists. The Chinese are nationalists. America First is about Americanism, first", and "You want a world war? Then become an ostrich, put your head in the sand and let the Russians roll through one country after another".[121][122]

## Personal life

[edit]

Levin suffered a heart attack in 2000 and had open heart surgery.[123] He is currently married to Julie Strauss Levin [124]

## Selected publications

[edit]

* Levin, M. R. (2005). Men in Black: How the Supreme Court is Destroying America. Regnery Publishing
* Levin, M. R. (2007). Rescuing Sprite: A Dog Lover's Story of Joy and Anguish. (1st ed.) Pocket Books
* Levin, M. R. (2010). Liberty and Tyranny: A Conservative Manifesto. (Reprint ed.) Threshold Editions
* Levin, M. R. (2012). Ameritopia: The Unmaking of America. (Reprint ed.) Threshold Editions
* Levin, M. R. (2014). The Liberty Amendments. (Reprint ed.) Threshold Editions
* Levin, M. R. (2017). Rediscovering Americanism: And the Tyranny of Progressivism. Threshold Editions
* Levin, M. R. (2019). Unfreedom of the Press. Threshold Editions
* Levin, M. R. (2021). American Marxism. Threshold Editions[125]
* Levin, M. R. (2023). The Democrat Party Hates America. Threshold Editions.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Firebrand talk host Mark Levin to lead Conservative Review".
2. ^ a b c Berry, Jeffrey M.; Sobieraj, Sarah (2016). The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Studies in Postwar American Political Development. Oxford / New York City: Oxford University Press. pp. 38–39, 115, 245–249. ISBN 9780190498467.
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7. ^ Chaitin, Daniel (September 6, 2016). "Mark Levin: 'I'm gonna wind up voting for Donald Trump'". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
8. ^ Schwartz, Jason (November 21, 2017). "Fox adds another pro-Trump host". Politico. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
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16. ^ Levin, Mark R. [@marklevinshow] (October 29, 2019). "Check out Landmark Legal Foundation's website, a fantastic conservative legal group I've been associated with for 28 years!" (Tweet) - via Twitter.
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34. ^ "Montgomery Gentry loves country and sings for "Freedom"". New York Daily News. September 11, 2007. Archived from the original on July 14, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
35. ^ "Troopathon Homepage". Move America Forward. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
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38. ^ Concha, Joe (November 21, 2017). "Mark Levin to host Fox News show". The Hill. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
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40. ^ Steinberg, Brian (September 7, 2023). "Fox News Expands Mark Levin's Weekend Show". variety.com. Variety Media, LLC. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
41. ^ Seligman, Dan (June 5, 2005). "Men in Black by Mark R. Levin". Commentary. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
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50. ^ "The Tyranny of Utopia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2014.
51. ^ a b Friedersdorf, Conor (March 19, 2012). "Why Mainstream Media Ignores Conservative Bestsellers". Politics. The Atlantic. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
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53. ^ Smith, Kyle (September 1, 2013). "Why are major media outlets ignoring bestselling writer Mark R. Levin?". New York Post. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
54. ^ von Spakovsky, Hans A. (September 4, 2013). "Amendments for Liberty". National Review Online. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
55. ^ Cox, Ana Marie (September 4, 2013). "1776 and all that: the mysterious appeal of Mark Levin's originalist fantasy". The Guardian.
56. ^ Rahn, Richard W. (August 27, 2013). "Should the Constitution be amended?". Opinion: Commentary. The Washington Times. ISSN 2643-7449. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
57. ^ "Mark Levin is wrong: A lawless gov't, not the Constitution, needs nullified". Communities.washingtontimes.com. December 27, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
58. ^ Davenport, David. "Mark Levin Makes A Strong Conservative Case With Weak Constitutional Arguments". Forbes. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
59. ^ Walters, Ian (August 5, 2015). "Book Review: 'Plunder and Deceit'". The Washington Times. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
60. ^ "The New York Times Best Sellers: June 9, 2019". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
61. ^ Levine, Jon (May 20, 2019). "Fox News Host Mark Levin's New Book Dethrones Howard Stern From Amazon Best-Seller List". TheWrap.com. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
62. ^ Bedard, Paul (May 19, 2019). "Mark Levin's press-bashing book No. 1 — 3 days before its release". Opinion: Washington Secrets. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
63. ^ Green, Lloyd (May 18, 2019). "Unfreedom of the Press review: Mark Levin's Trumpist take on the first amendment". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
64. ^ a b c d e Quinn, Annalisa (May 21, 2019). "'Unfreedom Of The Press' Is Full Of Bombast And Bile". NPR. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
65. ^ "Unfreedom of the Press: C-SPAN". C-SPAN. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
66. ^ ""Fox News-'American Marxism' author Mark Levin blasts 'appalling' Big Tech censorship: 'Do I miss Twitter? No'"". Fox News. July 19, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
67. ^ Kazin, Michael (December 27, 2021). "The Anti-Intellectual Intellectuals of the Conservative Movement". ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved October 13, 2023.
68. ^ Group, Sinclair Broadcast (July 29, 2021). "Levin warns of rise of American Marxism: 'It's not a fad'". WCIV. Retrieved October 13, 2023. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
69. ^ "Mark Levin's American Marxism Is an Insult to Your Intelligence". jacobin.com. Retrieved October 13, 2023.
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71. ^ How Democracies Die. Penguin. 2018. ISBN 978-1-5247-6293-3.
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74. ^ "Obama-bashers see literary gold". Politico. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
75. ^ The Bitter Taste of Hope. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
76. ^ "Levin: Stewart not funny on Israel". Politico. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
77. ^ Concha, Joe (January 24, 2019). "Mark Levin calls Pelosi 'America's first fascist'". The Hill. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
78. ^ Sommer, Will (August 10, 2017). "Trump threatens McConnell". The Hill. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
79. ^ "Levin: Beck 'acting like a clown'". Politico. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
80. ^ Hagen, Lisa (June 7, 2017). "Mark Levin endorses Alabama rep in Senate race". The Hill. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
81. ^ Darcy, Oliver. "Top conservative media personality turns on EPA chief Scott Pruitt: He's 'gotta go'". CNN Business. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
82. ^ a b Vogel, Kenneth P.; McCalmont, Lucy (June 15, 2011). "Top radio talkers sell endorsements". Politico. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
83. ^ Jacobs, Ben (April 14, 2017) [January 13, 2014]. "A Right-Wing Group's $400K Purchase of Mark Levin's Book Sets Off a Ruckus". The Daily Beast. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
84. ^ a b c d "Mark Levin dismisses pay-to-play charge". Politico. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
85. ^ "Mark Levin to Palin: "You're absolutely right about" "death panels"". Media Matters for America. November 18, 2009. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
86. ^ Rutenberg, Jim; Calmes, Jackie (August 14, 2009). "False 'Death Panel' Rumor Has Some Familiar Roots". The New York Times.
87. ^ "Neurological 'Death Panels'?". FactCheck.org. January 5, 2012.
88. ^ "Obamacare No Neurosurgery for Patients Over 70". September 7, 2012.
89. ^ Ubel, Peter. "Why It Is So Difficult to Kill the Death Panel Myth". Forbes. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
90. ^ a b c Suebsaeng, Asawin (April 10, 2017). "Mark Levin, Who Compared Obamacare Fans to Nazis, Is Behind Trump's Obama-Wiretap Meltdown". The Daily Beast. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
91. ^ "Mark Levin Explodes: 'The Muslim Brotherhood Has Infiltrated Our Gov't – It's Called Barack Obama'". www.mediaite.com. February 2013.
92. ^ Maloy, Simon (October 21, 2014). "Meet the Iraq War truthers: Why they're convinced Bush was right on WMD". Salon. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
93. ^ Harper, Jennifer (March 10, 2016). "Mark Levin endorses Ted Cruz for president: 'He has fought for the Constitution'". The Washington Times. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
94. ^ "Mark Levin Will Vote for Trump After Previous 'Never Trump' Declaration". Fox News. September 7, 2016.
95. ^ Graham, David A. (November 6, 2016). "Which Republicans Oppose Donald Trump? A Cheat Sheet". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
96. ^ Trudo, Hanna (April 8, 2016). "Mark Levin: I won't back Trump in the general". Politico. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
97. ^ "Mark Levin: 'I'm gonna wind up voting for Donald Trump'". September 7, 2016.
98. ^ Lemire, Jonathan (March 10, 2017). "Media the enemy? Trump sure is an insatiable consumer". AP News. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
99. ^ Ernst, Douglas (March 13, 2017). "Mark Levin rips AP on Trump story: 'You persist in your false reporting'". The Washington Times. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
100. ^ "Trump's claim that Obama wiretapped his campaign is false, says U.S. Department of Justice". Newsweek. September 2, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
101. ^ Graham, David A. (September 19, 2017). "Is Trump's 'Wiretap' Claim Vindicated?". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 20, 2017.
102. ^ Abramson, Alana. "Trump's Allies Keep Talking About the 'Deep State'. What's That?". Time. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
103. ^ a b Baragona, Justin (April 19, 2019). "Mark Levin's Anti-Mueller Rant Is So Unhinged, Even a 'Fox & Friends' Host Is Stunned". The Daily Beast. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
104. ^ "WATCH: Fox host accuses Comey of trying to blackmail Trump with the Russian hooker pee tape". Raw Story. April 20, 2018. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
105. ^ "Mark Levin accuses James Comey of blackmailing Trump with so-called "pee tape" allegations". Media Matters for America. April 20, 2018. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
106. ^ Baragona, Justin (September 29, 2019). "Trump Boosts Attack on 'Lying Sh*t Head' Fox News Reporter Ed Henry". Retrieved October 1, 2019.
107. ^ Coleman, Justine (September 29, 2019). "Levin grapples with Fox News host over Trump's Ukraine conduct: 'Your question is not honest'". The Hill. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
108. ^ "Trump Retweets 20-Plus Replies to Mark Levin on 'Fox & Friends'". Bloomberg. 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
109. ^ Coleman, Justine (September 29, 2019). "Trump slams Fox News' Ed Henry, praises Mark Levin for interview on whistleblower complaint". The Hill. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
110. ^ Baragona, Justin (October 22, 2019). "Mark Levin: 'Hasn't Even Been a Hint of Scandal' in Trump's Presidency". The Daily Beast. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
111. ^ Berr, Jonathan (November 9, 2020). "Conservative Media Divided Over Trump's Election Fraud Claims". Forbes. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
112. ^ Murphy, Tim (November 5, 2020). "Donald Trump Jr. Just Promoted a Brazen Plan to Steal the Election". Mother Jones. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
113. ^ Peters, Jeremy W. (November 20, 2020). "Tucker Carlson Dared Question a Trump Lawyer. The Backlash Was Quick". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
114. ^ Peters, Jeremy W. (December 15, 2020). "Inside the Right-Wing Media Bubble, Where the Myth of a Trump Win Lives On". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 15, 2020. "All along, Trump-friendly media personalities like Mark Levin, who hosts one of the most popular talk radio shows in the country, have led their audiences to believe that it was possible to pressure state lawmakers to reject Mr. Biden's victory. They have often based their confidence on the wild accusations of people with political motives and diminished credibility."
115. ^ a b Farhi, Paul (January 11, 2021). "Talk-radio owner orders conservative hosts to temper election fraud rhetoric". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
116. ^ Folkenflik, David; Dreisbach, Tom (January 13, 2021). "After Deadly Capitol Riot, Fox News Stays Silent On Stars' Incendiary Rhetoric". NPR. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
117. ^ a b Hsu, Tiffany (January 11, 2021). "The talk radio network that airs Dan Bongino and Mark Levin warned staff to stop 'dog-whistle talk'". The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
118. ^ Willis, Jack Gillum, Derek (March 25, 2020). "Even After Trump Declared a National Emergency, Some Talk Radio Hosts Weren't Convinced". ProPublica. Retrieved February 25, 2021.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
119. ^ "Mark Levin predicts what may happen if Russia defeats Ukraine". Fox News. March 7, 2022.
120. ^ "Mark Levin 'ashamed' of US response to Ukraine invasion, urges Biden to start 'muscling up' US military". Fox News. April 10, 2022.
121. ^ "Mark Levin Trashes Nationalism and Populism at CPAC". February 26, 2022.
122. ^ "Neocon Talk Radio Host Mark Levin Promotes War Propaganda, Slams Nationalism and Populism in CPAC Speech". February 26, 2022.
123. ^ Lopez, Katherine Jean (November 5, 2007). "Man's Best Friend". nationalreview.com. National Review. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
124. ^ CPAC (December 21, 2022). "A Conversation with Mark Levin and Julie Strauss Levin - CPAC FL 2022". substack.com. CPAC. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
125. ^ ThriftBooks. "Mark R. Levin Books | List of books by author Mark R. Levin". ThriftBooks. Retrieved July 13, 2021.

## External links

[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Mark Levin.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mark Levin.

* The Mark Levin Show official website
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