Mark Rutte

Secretary General of NATO since 2024 and former Prime Minister of the Netherlands

"Rutte" redirects here. For other uses, see Rutte (disambiguation).

His Excellency

Mark Rutte

Rutte in 2023

14th Secretary General of NATO

Incumbent

Assumed office
1 October 2024
Deputy| Radmila Šekerinska
Preceded by| Jens Stoltenberg
Prime Minister of the Netherlands
In office
14 October 2010 – 2 July 2024
Monarchs|

* Beatrix
* Willem-Alexander

Deputy|

See list

* Maxime Verhagen
(2010–2012)

* Lodewijk Asscher
(2012–2017)

* Hugo de Jonge
(2017–2022)

* Kajsa Ollongren
(2017–2022)

* Wopke Hoekstra
(2022–2023)

* Carola Schouten
(2017–2024)

* Sigrid Kaag
(2022–2024)

* Karien van Gennip
(2023–2024)

* Rob Jetten
(2024)

Preceded by| Jan Peter Balkenende
Succeeded by| Dick Schoof
Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
In office
31 May 2006 – 14 August 2023
Preceded by| Jozias van Aartsen
Succeeded by| Dilan Yeşilgöz
State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science
In office
17 June 2004 – 27 June 2006
Prime Minister| Jan Peter Balkenende
Preceded by| Annette Nijs
Succeeded by| Bruno Bruins
State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment
In office
22 July 2002 – 17 June 2004
Prime Minister| Jan Peter Balkenende
Preceded by| Hans Hoogervorst
Succeeded by| Henk van Hoof
Member of the House of Representatives
In office
31 March 2021 – 10 January 2022
In office
23 March 2017 – 26 October 2017
In office
20 September 2012 – 5 November 2012
In office
28 June 2006 – 14 October 2010
In office
30 January 2003 – 27 May 2003
Personal details
Born|  (1967-02-14) 14 February 1967 (age 58)
The Hague, Netherlands
Political party| VVD
Education| Leiden University (BA, MA)
Signature|

|  |

This article is part of
a series about

Mark Rutte

|

* * *

Early political career

* Party Leader of the VVD (2006–2023)
* 2006 party leadership election
* Secretary for Education, Culture and Science (2004–2006)
* Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment (2002–2004)
* 2006 general election

* * *

Prime Minister of the Netherlands

* International trips

First Ministry and term

* 2010 general election
* 2010 cabinet formation
* Rutte I

Second Ministry and term

* 2012 general election
* Rutte II
* Association Agreement referendum

Third Ministry and term

* 2017 general election
* 2017 Dutch–Turkish diplomatic incident
* 2017 cabinet formation
* Rutte III
* Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
* Intelligence and Security Services referendum
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Frugal Four

Fourth Ministry and term

* 2021 general election
* 2021–2022 cabinet formation
* Rutte IV
* Dutch childcare benefits scandal
* Nitrogen crisis in the Netherlands

* * *

Secretary General of NATO

* 2025 The Hague summit

* * *

Media gallery

* v
* t
* e

Mark Rutte (Dutch: [ˈmɑr(ə)k ˈrʏtə] ⓘ; born 14 February 1967) is a Dutch politician who has served as the 14th secretary general of NATO since October 2024.[1] He previously served as prime minister of the Netherlands from 2010 to 2024 and leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) from 2006 to 2023. Serving a total of almost 14 years, Rutte is the longest-serving prime minister in Dutch history.

After originally embarking on a business management career working for Unilever, Rutte entered national politics in 2002 as a member of Jan Peter Balkenende's cabinet. Rutte won the 2006 VVD leadership election and led the party to victory in the 2010 general election. After lengthy coalition negotiations, he became prime minister of the Netherlands. He was the first self-described liberal to be appointed prime minister in 92 years.[2]

An impasse on budget negotiations led to his government's early collapse in April 2012, but the VVD's victory in the subsequent election allowed Rutte to return as prime minister to lead his second cabinet between the VVD and the Labour Party (PvdA), which became the first cabinet to complete a full four-year term since 1998. Though the VVD lost seats in the 2017 general election, it remained the largest party. After a record-length formation period, Rutte was appointed to lead his third cabinet between the VVD, Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Democrats 66 (D66) and Christian Union (CU).

Though Rutte and his cabinet resigned in response to the Dutch childcare benefits scandal,[3][4][5] the VVD would go on to win the 2021 general election.[6] Rutte began his fourth term in 2022 after another record-length formation period. On 7 July 2023, he announced his government's resignation after the cabinet failed to agree on how to handle migration.[7][8] Rutte IV would continue on as an outgoing cabinet, fulfilling a caretaker function and keeping the nation running until the Schoof cabinet was sworn in on 2 July 2024.[9]

Due to his ability to remain in office until 2023 despite various political scandals,[10] Rutte had been referred to as 'Teflon Mark' as "nothing ever seemed to stick to him".[11] He has also been described by Forbes as ideologically flexible and pragmatic, willing to accommodate a broad range of political factions in order to address issues,[12] while The Guardian sees in him a "managerial rather than a visionary leader".[13]

## Early life

[edit]

Rutte was born in The Hague, in the province of South Holland,[14] to a Dutch Reformed family. He is the youngest child of Izaäk Rutte (5 October 1909 – 22 April 1988), a merchant, and his second wife Hermina Cornelia Dilling (13 November 1923 – 13 May 2020), a secretary. Izaäk Rutte worked for a trading company; first as an importer in the Dutch East Indies; he later ran a car dealership.[15] His second wife was a sister of his first wife, Petronella Hermanna Dilling (17 March 1910 – 20 July 1945), who died while they were interned together in Tjideng, a prisoner-of-war camp in Batavia (Jakarta1, Indonesia), during World War II.[16] Rutte has seven siblings as a result of his father's two marriages. One of his elder brothers died from AIDS in the 1980s. Rutte later described the deaths of his brother and his father as events that changed the course of his life.[17][18]

Rutte attended the Maerlant Lyceum from 1979 until 1985,[19] specialising in the arts. Although his original ambition was to attend a conservatory and become a concert pianist,[20] he instead went to study history at Leiden University, where he obtained an MA degree in 1992.[21] Rutte combined his studies with a position on the board of the Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy, the youth organisation of the VVD, and served as chair of the organisation from 1988 to 1991.[22]

After his studies Rutte entered the business world, working as a manager for Unilever and its food subsidiary Calvé. Until 1997, Rutte was part of the human resource department of Unilever, and played a leading role in several reorganisations. Between 1997 and 2000, Rutte was staff manager of the subsidiary Van den Bergh Nederland. In 2000, Rutte became a member of the Corporate Human Resources Group, and in 2002, he became human resource manager for IgloMora Groep, another subsidiary of Unilever.[23]

## Political career

[edit]

Between 1993 and 1997, Rutte was a member of the national board of the VVD.[24] Rutte served as State Secretary (i.e. Deputy Minister) at the Social Affairs and Employment Ministry from 22 July 2002 to 17 June 2004 in the First and Second Balkenende cabinets and was responsible for fields including bijstand (municipal welfare) and arbeidsomstandigheden (Occupational safety and health). After the 2003 elections Rutte was briefly also a member of the House of Representatives, from 30 January to 27 May 2003.[14][25]

In 2003, Rutte supported the US-led invasion of Iraq.[26]

During his time as State Secretary in 2003, Rutte advised municipalities to check Somali residents for social assistance fraud, after a number of Somalis who were working in England were found to be receiving social assistance benefits in the Netherlands as well. A Somali man entitled to benefits was stopped by social investigators and checked for fraud on the basis of his external characteristics, after which he refused the investigators access to his home. The Municipal Executive (College van burgemeester en wethouders) of Haarlem decided to withdraw his right to social benefits. He disagreed with this and his appeal was upheld by the administrative judge. The court ruled that "an investigation aimed exclusively at persons of Somali descent is discriminatory" and contrary to the Constitution because this distinction is "discrimination based on race". Rutte rejected the criticism, stating that a change in the law would then be necessary to be able to combat targeted fraud.[27][28][29]

Rutte later served as State Secretary for Higher Education and Science within the Education, Culture and Science Ministry in the Second Balkenende Cabinet from 17 June 2004 to 27 June 2006, replacing Annette Nijs. In office, Rutte showed particular interest in making the Dutch higher education system more competitive internationally, by trying to make it more market oriented (improving the position of students as consumers in the market for education). Rutte resigned from his position in government in June 2006 to return to the House of Representatives, and he soon became the parliamentary leader of the VVD.[14]

### Party leadership election

[edit]

After the resignation of Jozias van Aartsen and a loss in the 2006 Dutch municipal election, the VVD held an internal election for a new Lead Candidate, in which Rutte competed against Rita Verdonk and Jelleke Veenendaal. On 31 May 2006, it was announced that Mark Rutte would be the next lijsttrekker of the VVD. He was elected by 51.5% of party members. Rutte's candidacy was backed by the VVD leadership, including the party board, and many prominent politicians such as Frank de Grave, former minister of Defence, Ivo Opstelten, the mayor of Rotterdam and Ed Nijpels, the Queen's Commissioner of Friesland. The Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy, the VVD's youth wing of which Rutte had previously been chair, also backed him. During the elections he promised "to make the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy a party for everyone and not just of the elite".

### 2006 general election

[edit]

For the 2006 general election, the VVD campaign with Rutte as leader did not get off to a good start; he received criticism from within his own party.[30] Rutte was said to be overshadowed by his own party members Rita Verdonk and Gerrit Zalm, as well as being unable to penetrate between Wouter Bos and Jan Peter Balkenende, who were generally seen as the prime candidates to become the next prime minister. On 27 November, it became known that Rita Verdonk, who generally held a more populist view on politics, managed to obtain more votes than Mark Rutte; he obtained 553,200 votes against Verdonk's 620,555.[30][31] After repeated criticisms by Verdonk on VVD policy, Rutte expelled her from the party's parliamentary faction on 13 September 2007.[32]

### 2010 general election

[edit]

In the 2010 general election, Rutte was once again the lead candidate for the VVD. It won 31 seats and, for the first time ever, became the largest party in the House of Representatives.[33] The lengthy 2010 cabinet formation followed, with several personalities succeeding each other, being appointed by Queen Beatrix in order to find out what coalition could be formed. Efforts to form a broad spectrum coalition between the VVD, CDA and PvdA failed. Instead, the only possibility appeared to be a centre-right coalition of liberals and Christian Democrats (CDA), with the outside support of the Party for Freedom (PVV), led by Geert Wilders.[34]

## Prime Minister of the Netherlands

[edit]

Premiership of Mark Rutte
14 October 2010 – 2 July 2024

Prime Minister

Mark Rutte

Cabinet|

* First Rutte cabinet
* Second Rutte cabinet
* Third Rutte cabinet
* Fourth Rutte cabinet

Party| People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
Election| 2010, 2012, 2017, 2021
Appointed by| Beatrix of the Netherlands
Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
Seat| Torentje

<- Jan Peter Balkenende

Dick Schoof ->

* * *

### First term

[edit]

Rutte presenting his first cabinet together with Deputy Prime Minister Maxime Verhagen (CDA) and coalition partner Geert Wilders (PVV)

After securing support for a coalition between the VVD and CDA, Rutte was appointed as formateur on 8 October 2010; Rutte announced his prospective cabinet, including Maxime Verhagen from the CDA as deputy prime minister. On 14 October, Queen Beatrix formally invited Rutte to form a government, and later that day, Rutte presented his first cabinet to Parliament. The government was confirmed in office by a majority of one, and Rutte was sworn in as Prime Minister of the Netherlands, becoming the first Liberal to serve in the role since Pieter Cort van der Linden in 1918.[33] At 43 years old, he also became the second-youngest prime minister in Dutch history, after Ruud Lubbers.[35]

Nord Stream 1 opening ceremony on 8 November 2011 with Rutte, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Russian president Dmitry Medvedev and French prime minister François Fillon.

After a victory in the 2011 provincial elections, the VVD secured its status as the lead party within the government. In March 2012, seeking to comply with requirements from the European Union to reduce the nation's deficit, Rutte began talks with his coalition partners on a budget which would cut 16 billion euros of government spending. However, PVV leader Geert Wilders withdrew his party's informal support from the government on 21 April, stating that the proposed budget would hurt economic growth.[36] This led to the early collapse of the government and Rutte submitting his resignation to Queen Beatrix on the afternoon of 23 April.[37] His government had lasted for 558 days, making it one of the shortest Dutch cabinets since World War II.[36]

### Second term

[edit]

Ahead of the 2012 general election, Rutte was named the VVD's lead candidate for the third time. At the election in September, the VVD won an additional 10 seats, remaining the largest party in the House of Representatives; the CDA and PVV saw their number of seats fall significantly.[38] The VVD quickly negotiated a coalition agreement with the Labour Party and Rutte returned as prime minister of the Second Rutte cabinet on 5 November 2012.[39]

In 2014, The Hague hosted a Group of Seven special meeting after the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down in Ukraine with 193 Dutch nationals aboard.[citation needed]

Rutte with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, 8 December 2013

In April 2016, Rutte was appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and President of the World Bank Group Jim Yong Kim to the High-Level Panel on Water. Co-chaired by Mauritius President Ameenah Gurib and Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto, the joint UN-WBG panel was set up to accelerate the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6).[40] That month also saw the controversial 2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum, which resulted in a rejection. In November 2016 the House of Representatives approved a ban on the Islamic burqa in some public spaces including schools and hospitals by 132 votes against 18, which the VVD supported.[41]

Rutte's second cabinet completed its full four-year term without collapsing or losing a vote of no confidence, becoming the first cabinet to do so since the First Kok cabinet, which lasted from 1994 to 1998.[42]

### Third term

[edit]

The VVD went into the 2017 general election with a small lead over the PVV in most opinion polls. Rutte was judged to have managed the 2017 Dutch–Turkish diplomatic incident well according to similar polling. While the VVD lost 8 seats in the general election, the PvdA lost 29, and these seats were split between a number of other parties, leaving the VVD as the largest party in parliament for the third successive election. After holding coalition discussions, Rutte negotiated a grand coalition with the CDA, D66 and CU; he presented his third cabinet on 26 October 2017 and was sworn in as prime minister for a third term. The 225 days between the general election and the installation of the third Rutte cabinet was the longest such period in Dutch history.[43]

Rutte with Indian prime minister Narendra Modi, 24 May 2018

The coalition agreement contained a plan to abolish the 15% dividend tax (providing the state €1.4 billion per year), which proved highly unpopular as it had not been mentioned in any of the coalition party's programs, and it later appeared that major Dutch companies like Shell and Unilever had secretly been lobbying for the inclusion of this measure.[44]

On 21 March 2018, the Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum was held, which resulted in a rejection. In July of that same year, Rutte became a topic in international news by interrupting and explicitly contradicting the American president Donald Trump during a meeting with the press at the Oval Office in the White House, which was considered to be "typical Dutch bluntness".[45][46] At the 2019 provincial elections, Rutte's VVD suffered a blow following the victory of right-wing populist newcomer Forum for Democracy (FvD).[47]

Rutte with U.S. president Donald Trump in the Oval Office of the White House on 18 July 2019

During the negotiations for the COVID-19 recovery fund in the European Union in 2020, Rutte was considered the unofficial leader of the Frugal Four,[48] demanding loans instead of grants and more conditions on them.[citation needed] In September of that year, Rutte suggested that the EU could be dissolved and re-formed without Poland and Hungary, as he perceived these countries' governments to be dismantling the rule of law.[49][50][51]

On 15 January 2021, the third Rutte cabinet collectively resigned after the publication of research centered around the childcare subsidies scandal in the Netherlands.[52] Rutte offered his resignation to King Willem-Alexander, accepting responsibility for the scandal.[53]

### Fourth term

[edit]

Rutte and U.S. president Joe Biden at the G20 Rome summit, 31 October 2021 Rutte with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, 11 July 2022 Rutte with Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, 19 January 2023 Rutte with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni and Tunisian president Kais Saied, 16 July 2023

Following the 2021 Dutch general election, Rutte's VVD party held 34 of 150 seats and was expected to form a new coalition government.[54] After remaining as outgoing prime minister for the duration of the longest formation process in Dutch history he presented a coalition agreement with D66, CDA and CU, the same combination as his previous government, on 15 December 2021.[55]

In October 2022, Rutte said that alleged war crimes and human rights violations committed during the Armenian-Azerbaijani war in Nagorno-Karabakh should be investigated.[56]

Rutte suffered a political scandal (Nokiagate) during his fourth term, when it was found that he had been deleting the majority of the SMS text messages on his archaic Nokia mobile phone for years, personally judging which messages were to be archived and which messages were to be deleted in direct violation of the archival law.[57] He explained that this was necessary due to his phone memory filling up too quickly, which was not considered a plausible excuse by other ministers.[58] The scandal also damaged his campaign promises and the coalition accords, which stated that the cabinet wished to restore peoples faith in politics, create a new governance culture and "improve the information provided to the House". The latter of these concerned measures including a modernisation of the archival law and faster information availability.[58]

In January 2023, the U.S., Japan, and the Netherlands reached an agreement to limit certain advanced chip exports to China.[59] Accordingly, the Dutch government placed restrictions on chip exports in March 2023 in order to protect national security. This measure affected the Dutch multinational ASML, one of the most important companies in the global microchip supply chain.[60] In January 2024, the Dutch government placed further restrictions on the shipment of some advanced chip-making equipment to China,[61] though on 27 March 2024, Chinese president Xi Jinping told Rutte that "no force can stop the pace of China’s scientific and technological progress".[62]

Different stances on immigration policy within his four-party coalition had existed since the coalition government was formed. VVD and CDA supported restrictions on immigration, while D66 and CU opposed them. On 7 July 2023, the parties failed to reach an agreement and unanimously decided that they could not continue working together within the coalition. Following this, Rutte immediately offered the resignation of his government.[63][64] The king asked that the prime minister and his government "continue to carry out the duties they consider necessary to the interests of the Kingdom in a caretaker capacity".[65] Three days later, Rutte announced his departure both as political leader of the VVD and from national politics in general, after the installation of the next government.[66][67]

While serving as outgoing prime minister, Rutte he condemned the October 7 attacks in 2023 and expressed his support to Israel and its right to self-defense.[68] Notably, he was the first foreign leader to speak with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu on that day.[69] Later that same month he visited Israel to express solidarity with the country, meeting with Netanyahu in Jerusalem.[70] He rejected calls for a ceasefire in the Gaza war but supported "humanitarian pauses" to provide aid to civilians in the Gaza Strip.[71][72] Though the Netherlands provided military aid to Israel, in February 2024 a court in the Netherlands ordered the Dutch government to stop exporting parts for F-35 fighter jets to the country.[73]

Due to the resignation of the cabinet general elections were held early, on 22 November 2023, with the VVD now under the leadership of Dilan Yeşilgöz.

In February 2024, Rutte visited Saudi Arabia and spoke with the Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman about "broad cooperation".[74] He would travel to Paris on 26 February, where Emmanuel Macron was hosting an emergency summit concerning the situation in Ukraine, which had suffered the loss of Avdiivka due to a lack of available ammunition. Czech PM Petr Fiala proposed to purchase 500,000 rounds of artillery ammunition for Volodymyr Zelensky's forces. This was the second time in one month the Czech government had aired the matter. The French had previously vetoed the idea to purchase the ammunition from foreign sources.[75] On behalf of his government, Rutte announced that they would provide €100 million for this purpose.[76] On 1 March Rutte increased the commitment to €250 million for Fiala's venture, as he went to Kharkiv to tour an underground metro station that had been repurposed into a primary school together with Zelensky. During this same tour, they signed the Netherlands-Ukraine bilateral security agreement.[77][78]

Rutte with Israeli president Isaac Herzog and King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands on 10 March 2024

Later that month, Rutte threatened Israel with sanctions if the Israeli military launched a large-scale invasion of Rafah, saying the attack would be a "game changer" and have "political consequences".[79] He also met with Chinese president Xi Jinping, where Rutte discussed the Russian invasion of Ukraine and tried to persuade China, which provided Russia with diplomatic cover and economic support through trade, to exert its influence on Russia. Rutte said that "this is a direct security threat for us, because if Russia will be successful in Ukraine, it will be a threat to the whole of Europe. It will not end with Ukraine."[80]

On 14 April 2024, Rutte condemned the Iranian strikes against Israel and reiterated the necessity for sanctions against Iran.[81] Rutte stated that Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) should be added to the EU's terrorism blacklist.[81]

Rutte's government authorized Ukraine to use Dutch-supplied F-16 fighters to strike targets inside Russia in May.[82][83] Rutte attended the June 2024 Ukraine peace summit, interpreting Putin's proposal for peace talks near the end of this summit as a sign of panic.[84]

Rutte's fourth term as prime minister came to an end with the swearing in of the Schoof cabinet, which had been formed following the general election. This new cabinet is led by Dick Schoof, the former secretary-general of the Ministry of Justice and Security.[85]

## Secretary General of NATO

[edit]

### 2024

[edit]

United States Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin and Mark Rutte at NATO Headquarters in Brussels, Belgium on 17 October 2024 Rutte with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen on 29 October 2024

Following his departure from national politics, Rutte succeeded Jens Stoltenberg as Secretary General of NATO on 1 October 2024 during a ceremonial handover at the NATO Headquarters in Brussels.[86][87][88] Despite having previously stated that he wanted to focus on high school teaching after his prime ministership, he announced his candidacy for the position in October 2023. His bid received public support from the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France in February 2024.[89][90][91][92] Rutte managed to overcome opposition from the last holdouts of Turkey, Hungary, Slovakia, and Romania in the months thereafter, with his only opponent, Romanian president Klaus Iohannis, dropping out a week before his official appointment on 26 June 2024.[89][93][94]

In October 2024, Rutte said that more than 600,000 Russian soldiers had been killed or wounded during the war against Ukraine.[95]

As secretary general, Rutte called on member nations to ramp up their defense spending and production, stating that a wartime mentality was required. He said that the additional spending would be necessary to guarantee a collective defense and to avert a Russian attack following its invasion of Ukraine.[96]

Rutte has repeatedly urged sending more weapons to Ukraine.[97][98] He said that any future peace talks with Russia should be led by Ukraine from a position of strength.[99]

Rutte criticized China's stance towards Taiwan, saying that "China is bullying Taiwan, and pursuing access to our critical infrastructure in ways that could cripple our societies." He added, "Russia, China, but also North Korea and Iran, are hard at work to try to weaken North America and Europe. To chip away at our freedom, they want to reshape the global order, not to create a fairer one, but to secure their own spheres of influence."[100][101]

### 2025

[edit]

Rutte with U.S. President Donald Trump on 13 March 2025

In March 2025, following the new Trump administration's announcement that it does not support NATO membership for Ukraine,[102] Rutte stated that Ukraine had never been promised NATO membership as part of a peace agreement.[103][104] and that Europe and the US should eventually normalise relations with Russia after a peace agreement.[105]

The 2025 The Hague NATO summit, inaugural for Rutte, The Hague's native, as the Secretary General is to be a tightrope between Donald Trump and Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President of Ukraine.[106][107][108]

In June 2025, Rutte voiced support for US strikes on Iranian nuclear sites: in a private message published by Trump,[109][110] Rutte praised and thanked the latter for his "decisive action" in Iran, calling it "truly extraordinary and something no one else dared to do."[111]

## Personal life

[edit]

Rutte is single,[14][112] with no children.[106] He is a member of the Dutch Protestant Church.[113] While he was prime minister, Rutte taught social studies on Thursday mornings at the Johan de Witt College, a secondary school in The Hague.[21][114][115] Rutte is an admirer of American historian Robert Caro, especially his 1974 biography of Robert Moses, The Power Broker.[116] He drives a Saab 9-3 estate.[117] Before moving to Brussels in 2024 following his appointment as Secretary General of NATO, he lived in an apartment in Benoordenhout, a neighbourhood of The Hague, for several decades.[118][119]

## Honours

[edit]

* Australia: Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia (9 October 2019)[120]
* France: Grand Officer of the Order of Legion of Honour (11 April 2023)[121]
* Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (20 December 2022)[122]
* Luxembourg: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (7 June 2024)[123]
* Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion (2 July 2024)[124][125]
* Ukraine: Knight of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st degree (27 January 2023)[126]
* People's Party for Freedom and Democracy: Honorary member (30 November 2024)[127]

## Electoral history

[edit]

Electoral history of Mark Rutte Year  | Body  | Party  | Pos. | Votes  | Result  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|

Party seats  | Individual
2003 | House of Representatives |  | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy | 11 | 4,297  | 28  | Won  |
2006 | 1 | 553,200  | 22  | Won  |
2010 | 1 | 1,617,636  | 31  | Won  |
2012 | 1 | 2,129,000  | 41  | Won  |
2017 | 1 | 1,760,117  | 33  | Won  |
2021 | 1 | 1,977,651  | 34  | Won  | [128]

## See also

[edit]

* List of international prime ministerial trips made by Mark Rutte

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Mark Rutte takes office as NATO Secretary General". NATO. 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
2. ^ "Mark Rutte: eerste liberale premier sinds 1918" (in Dutch). eenvandaag.nl. 7 October 2010. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
3. ^ "Dutch PM Rutte and his government quit over child welfare scandal". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2021. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
4. ^ "The buck stops here: Dutch govt quits over welfare scandal". Associated Press. 15 January 2021. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
5. ^ "Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte and his entire Cabinet resign over child welfare scandal". CBS News. 15 January 2021. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
6. ^ "Netherlands election: Mark Rutte claims fourth term with 'overwhelming' victory". The Guardian. 18 March 2021. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
7. ^ "Mark Rutte resigns as Dutch PM amid migration dispute – National | Globalnews.ca", Global News, archived from the original on 7 July 2023, retrieved 7 July 2023
8. ^ Corder, Mike (7 July 2023). "Dutch premier resigns because of deadlock on thorny issue of migration, paving way for new elections". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
9. ^ Moses, Claire; Bilefsky, Dan (7 July 2023). "Dutch Government Collapses Over Plan to Further Limit Immigration". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
10. ^ "Dutch PM Rutte narrowly survives no-confidence vote". 2 April 2021. Archived from the original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
11. ^ Henley, Jon (14 December 2021). "'Teflon' Mark Rutte set for fourth Dutch term after record-breaking talks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
12. ^ de Gruyter, Caroline (28 June 2024). "NATO's New Leader Was Planning This the Whole Time". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
13. ^ Henley, Jon (10 July 2023). "Mark Rutte: the everyman Dutch PM whose 'Teflon' powers finally waned". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
14. ^ a b c d "Drs. M. (Mark) Rutte". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 April 2025. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
15. ^ Couglin, Con (26 June 2024). "Mark Rutte: Meet NATO's new secretary-general". Al Majalla. Archived from the original on 26 June 2024.
16. ^ "El primer ministro holandés respeta el confinamiento y no se despide de su madre enferma". Diario ABC (in Spanish). 26 May 2020. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020.
17. ^ "Rutte on Zomergasten: Wilders, multiculturalism and the 'last taboo'". Dutch News. 5 September 2016. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
18. ^ O'Leary, Naomi (8 June 2018). "Mark Rutte: North's quiet rebel". Politico. Archived from the original on 8 June 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
19. ^ "Rutte opent Maerlant-Lyceum Den Haag". Hart van Nederland (in Dutch). 16 February 2011. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
20. ^ "Rutte had pianoleraar kunnen zijn". De Pers. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
21. ^ a b "CV | Mark Rutte". rijksoverheid.nl. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
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23. ^ "Biografie – Mark Rutte". elsevier.nl. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
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92. ^ "Mark Rutte weigerde in januari 2023 nog om NAVO-baas te worden" [Mark Rutte refused to become NATO leader in January 2023]. NU.nl (in Dutch). 25 June 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
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94. ^ "Mark Rutte officieel benoemd tot nieuwe secretaris-generaal NAVO" [Mark Rutte officially appoint new Secretary General of NATO]. RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 26 June 2024. Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
95. ^ "Russia has suffered 600,000 casualties in Ukraine war, says Nato". The Telegraph. 28 October 2024. Archived from the original on 28 October 2024.
96. ^ Brouwers, Arnout (12 December 2024). "Rutte roept Navolanden op tot veel snellere verhoging van defensiebudget: 'De turbo moet erop'" [Rutte calls on NATO member nations to quickly raise defense budgets: 'We should turbo charge']. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 15 December 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
97. ^ "Rutte Urges More NATO Arms as Ukraine Spending Goal in Sight". Bloomberg. 16 October 2024. Archived from the original on 26 October 2024.
98. ^ "Nato's Rutte says Ukraine needs more weapons, not new ideas". Financial Times. 3 December 2024. Archived from the original on 26 October 2024.
99. ^ "NATO wants to put Ukraine in a position of strength for any Russia peace talks". Euronews. 18 December 2024. Archived from the original on 18 December 2024.
100. ^ "China is bullying Taiwan: NATO Secy General Mark Rutte, condemns lack of transparency in nuclear expansion". The Economic Times. 15 December 2024. Archived from the original on 15 December 2024.
101. ^ "Nato chief says it must build Indo-Pacific ties to meet China's military challenge". South China Morning Post. 10 June 2025. Archived from the original on 9 June 2025. Retrieved 12 June 2025.
102. ^ Mpoke-Bigg, Matthew; Chutel, Lynsey; Troianovski, Anton (14 March 2025). "Why Isn't Ukraine in NATO and What Has Trump Said?". New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 February 2025. Retrieved 16 March 2025.
103. ^ Pugnet, Aurélie (14 March 2025). "Ukraine's NATO membership never guaranteed in peace deal, Rutte clarifies". EURACTIV. Archived from the original on 14 February 2025. Retrieved 16 March 2025.
104. ^ "Rutte: Issue of Ukraine's accession to NATO removed from negotiating table". Interfax-Ukraine. 14 March 2025. Archived from the original on 14 March 2025. Retrieved 16 March 2025.
105. ^ Körömi, Csongor (13 March 2025). "NATO chief opens door to restoring Russia relations after Ukraine war". POLITICO. Archived from the original on 14 March 2025. Retrieved 16 March 2025.
106. ^ a b Anthony Deutsch (23 June 2025). "Rutte aims to steer NATO summit around Trump turbulence". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 June 2025. Retrieved 23 June 2025.
107. ^ Corder, Mike (23 June 2025). "NATO chief says Ukraine remains vital at summit despite Zelenskyy's absence from leaders' meeting". AP News. Archived from the original on 23 June 2025. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
108. ^ Gozzi, Laura; Kirby, Paul (25 June 2025). "Leaders gather in Hague as Nato chief Rutte says higher spending top priority". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 June 2025. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
109. ^ "Flatterer-in-chief: How NATO's Rutte worked to win over Trump". France 24. 24 June 2025. Archived from the original on 25 June 2025. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
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## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mark Rutte.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Mark Rutte.

* Mark Rutte, official NATO profile
* Appearances on C-SPAN

## Further reading

[edit]

* Koning, Petra de (2022). Mark Rutte (in Dutch). Brooklyn. ISBN 9789492754424.
* Fresen, Ron; Borgman, Wilma (2024). Het raadsel Rutte (in Dutch). Balans. ISBN 9789463823302.
* Ornstein, Leonard; Schut, Mattias (2024). De laatste dagen (in Dutch). Hollands Diep. ISBN 9789048875887.

Diplomatic posts

Preceded by

Jens Stoltenberg

|  Secretary General of NATO
2024–present  | Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by

Hans Hoogervorst

|  State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment
2002–2004  | Succeeded by

Henk van Hoof

Preceded by

Annette Nijs

|  State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science
2004–2006  | Succeeded by

Bruno Bruins

Preceded by

Jan Peter Balkenende

|  Prime Minister of the Netherlands
2010–2024  | Succeeded by

Dick Schoof

Party political offices
Preceded by

Jozias van Aartsen

|  Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
2006–2023  | Succeeded by

Dilan Yeşilgöz

* v
* t
* e

Mark Rutte

* 42nd Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2010–2024)
* Secretary General of NATO (2024-present)

Premiership|

* First Rutte cabinet
* Second Rutte cabinet
* Third Rutte cabinet
* Fourth Rutte cabinet
* International trips

Elections|

* 2010 general election
* 2012 general election
* 2017 general election
* 2021 general election

Events|

* Dutch childcare benefits scandal
* 2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum
* 2017 Dutch–Turkish diplomatic incident
* Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
* 2018 Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum
* COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands
* European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic

Affiliations|

* People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD)
* Frugal Four

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Secretaries general of NATO

* Lord Ismay
* Paul-Henri Spaak
* Dirk Stikker
* Manlio Brosio
* Joseph Luns
* Lord Carrington
* Manfred Wörner
* Sergio Balanzino*
* Willy Claes
* Sergio Balanzino*
* Javier Solana
* Lord Robertson of Port Ellen
* Alessandro Minuto-Rizzo*
* Jaap de Hoop Scheffer
* Anders Fogh Rasmussen
* Jens Stoltenberg
* Mark Rutte

*Acting

* v
* t
* e

Prime ministers of the Netherlands

* Schimmelpenninck
* De Kempenaer
* Thorbecke
* Van Hall
* Van der Brugghen
* Rochussen
* Van Hall
* Ja. Van Zuylen van Nijevelt
* Van Heemstra
* Thorbecke
* Fransen van de Putte
* Ju. Van Zuylen van Nijevelt
* Van Bosse
* Thorbecke
* De Vries
* J. Heemskerk
* Kappeyne van de Coppello
* Van Lynden van Sandenburg
* J. Heemskerk
* Mackay
* Van Tienhoven
* Roëll
* Pierson
* Kuyper
* De Meester
* T. Heemskerk
* Cort van der Linden
* Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
* Colijn
* De Geer
* Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
* Colijn
* De Geer
* Gerbrandy
* Schermerhorn
* Beel
* Drees
* Beel
* De Quay
* Marijnen
* Cals
* Zijlstra
* De Jong
* Biesheuvel
* Den Uyl
* Van Agt
* Lubbers
* Kok
* Balkenende
* Rutte
* Schoof

List (religion)

* v
* t
* e

Fourth Rutte cabinet (2022–2024)

Ministers

General Affairs|

* Mark Rutte (2022–2024; Prime Minister)

Interior and Kingdom Relations|

* Hanke Bruins Slot (2022–2023)
* Hugo de Jonge (2023–2024)

Foreign Affairs|

* Wopke Hoekstra (2022–2023; Deputy Prime Minister)
* Hanke Bruins Slot (2023–2024)

Finance|

* Sigrid Kaag (2022–2024; Deputy Prime Minister)
* Steven van Weyenberg (2024)

Justice and Security|

* Dilan Yeşilgöz (2022–2024)

Economic Affairs and Climate Policy|

* Micky Adriaansens (2022–2024)

Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality|

* Henk Staghouwer (2022)
* Piet Adema (2022–2024)

Defence|

* Kajsa Ollongren (2022–2024)

Health, Welfare and Sport|

* Ernst Kuipers (2022–2024)
* Conny Helder (2024)

Education, Culture and Science|

* Robbert Dijkgraaf (2022–2024)

Infrastructure and Water Management|

* Mark Harbers (2022–2024)

Social Affairs and Employment|

* Karien van Gennip (2022–2024; Deputy Prime Minister 2023–2024)

Ministers without portfolio

Housing and Spatial Planning|

* Hugo de Jonge (2022–2024)

Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation|

* Liesje Schreinemacher (2022–2023; 2024)
* Geoffrey van Leeuwen (2023–2024 ad interim)

Legal Protection|

* Franc Weerwind (2022–2024)

Climate and Energy Policy|

* Rob Jetten (2022–2024; Deputy Prime Minister 2024)

Nature and Nitrogen Policy|

* Christianne van der Wal (2022–2024)

Long-term Care and Sport|

* Conny Helder (2022–2024)

Medical Care|

* Pia Dijkstra (2024)

Primary and Secondary Education|

* Dennis Wiersma (2022–2023)
* Mariëlle Paul (2023–2024)

Poverty Policy, Participation and Pensions|

* Carola Schouten (2022–2024; Deputy Prime Minister)

State Secretaries

Kingdom Relations and Digitalisation|

* Alexandra van Huffelen (2022–2024)

Tax Affairs|

* Marnix van Rij (2022–2024)

Benefits and Customs|

* Aukje de Vries (2022–2024)

Asylum and Migration Policy|

* Eric van der Burg (2022–2024)

Extractive Industries|

* Hans Vijlbrief (2022–2024)

Defence|

* Christophe van der Maat (2022–2024)

Culture and Media|

* Gunay Uslu (2022–2023)
* Steven van Weyenberg (2023–2024)
* Fleur Gräper (2024)

Infrastructure and Water Management|

* Vivianne Heijnen (2022–2024)

Health, Welfare and Sport|

* Maarten van Ooijen (2022–2024)

* Preceded by: Third Rutte cabinet
* Succeeded by: Schoof cabinet

* v
* t
* e

Third Rutte cabinet (2017–2022)

Ministers

General Affairs|

* Mark Rutte (2017–2022; Prime Minister)

Interior and Kingdom Relations|

* Kajsa Ollongren (2017–2019; Deputy Prime Minister)
* Raymond Knops (2019–2020 ad interim)
* Kajsa Ollongren (2020–2022; Deputy Prime Minister)

Foreign Affairs|

* Halbe Zijlstra (2017–2018)
* Sigrid Kaag (2018 ad interim)
* Stef Blok (2018–2021)
* Sigrid Kaag (2021)
* Tom de Bruijn (2021 ad interim)
* Ben Knapen (2021–2022)

Finance|

* Wopke Hoekstra (2017–2022)

Justice and Security|

* Ferdinand Grapperhaus (2017–2022)

Economic Affairs and Climate Policy|

* Eric Wiebes (2017–2021)
* Cora van Nieuwenhuizen (2021 ad interim)
* Bas van 't Wout (2021)
* Stef Blok (2021–2022)

Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality|

* Carola Schouten (2017–2022; Deputy Prime Minister)

Defence|

* Ank Bijleveld (2017–2021)
* Ferdinand Grapperhaus (2021 ad interim)
* Henk Kamp (2021–2022)

Health, Welfare and Sport|

* Hugo de Jonge (2017–2022; Deputy Prime Minister)

Education, Culture and Science|

* Ingrid van Engelshoven (2017–2022)

Infrastructure and Water Management|

* Cora van Nieuwenhuizen (2017–2021)
* Barbara Visser (2021–2022)

Social Affairs and Employment|

* Wouter Koolmees (2017–2022; Deputy Prime Minister 2019–2020 ad interim)

Ministers without portfolio

Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation|

* Sigrid Kaag (2017–2021)
* Tom de Bruijn (2021–2022)

Legal Protection|

* Sander Dekker (2017–2022)

Medical Care|

* Bruno Bruins (2017–2020)
* Martin van Rijn (2020)
* Tamara van Ark (2020–2021)

Primary and Secondary Education and Media|

* Arie Slob (2017–2022)

Environment and Housing|

* Stientje van Veldhoven (2019–2020)

State Secretaries

Interior and Kingdom Relations|

* Raymond Knops (2017–2022)

Finance|

* Menno Snel (2017–2019)
* Hans Vijlbrief (2020–2022)
* Alexandra van Huffelen (2020–2022)

Justice and Security|

* Mark Harbers (2017–2019)
* Ankie Broekers-Knol (2019–2022)

Economic Affairs and Climate Policy|

* Mona Keijzer (2017–2021)
* Dilan Yeşilgöz-Zegerius (2021–2022)

Defence|

* Barbara Visser (2017–2021)

Health, Welfare and Sport|

* Paul Blokhuis (2017–2022)

Infrastructure and Water Management|

* Stientje van Veldhoven (2017–2019; 2020–2021)
* Steven van Weyenberg (2021–2022)

Social Affairs and Employment|

* Tamara van Ark (2017–2020)
* Bas van 't Wout (2020–2021)
* Dennis Wiersma (2021–2022)

* Preceded by: Second Rutte cabinet
* Succeeded by: Fourth Rutte cabinet

* v
* t
* e

Second Rutte cabinet (2012–2017)

Ministers

General Affairs|

* Mark Rutte (2012–2017; Prime Minister)

Interior and Kingdom Relations|

* Ronald Plasterk (2012–2016)
* Stef Blok (2016 ad interim)
* Ronald Plasterk (2016–2017)

Foreign Affairs|

* Frans Timmermans (2012–2014)
* Bert Koenders (2014–2017)

Finance|

* Jeroen Dijsselbloem (2012–2017)

Security and Justice|

* Ivo Opstelten (2012–2015)
* Stef Blok (2015 ad interim)
* Ard van der Steur (2015–2017)
* Stef Blok (2017)

Economic Affairs|

* Henk Kamp (2012–2017)

Defence|

* Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert (2012–2017)
* Klaas Dijkhoff (2017)

Health, Welfare and Sport|

* Edith Schippers (2012–2017)

Education, Culture and Science|

* Jet Bussemaker (2012–2017)

Infrastructure and the Environment|

* Melanie Schultz van Haegen (2012–2017)

Social Affairs and Employment|

* Lodewijk Asscher (2012–2017; Deputy Prime Minister)

Ministers without portfolio

Housing and the Central Government Sector|

* Stef Blok (2012–2017)

Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation|

* Lilianne Ploumen (2012–2017)

State Secretaries

Finance|

* Frans Weekers (2012–2014)
* Eric Wiebes (2014–2017)

Security and Justice|

* Fred Teeven (2012–2015)
* Klaas Dijkhoff (2015–2017)

Economic Affairs|

* Co Verdaas (2012)
* Sharon Dijksma (2012–2015)
* Martijn van Dam (2015–2017)

Health, Welfare and Sport|

* Martin van Rijn (2012–2017)

Education, Culture and Science|

* Sander Dekker (2012–2017)

Infrastructure and the Environment|

* Wilma Mansveld (2012–2015)
* Sharon Dijksma (2015–2017)

Social Affairs and Employment|

* Jetta Klijnsma (2012–2017)

* Preceded by: First Rutte cabinet
* Succeeded by: Third Rutte cabinet

* v
* t
* e

First Rutte cabinet (2010–2012)

* Preceded by: Demissionary fourth Balkenende cabinet
* Succeeded by: Second Rutte cabinet

Prime Minister|

* Mark Rutte (General Affairs)

Deputy Prime Minister|

* Maxime Verhagen (Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation)

Ministers|

* Piet Hein Donner (Interior and Kingdom Relations) (2010–2011)
* Liesbeth Spies (Interior and Kingdom Relations) (from 2011)
* Uri Rosenthal (Foreign Affairs)
* Jan Kees de Jager (Finance)
* Ivo Opstelten (Security and Justice)
* Hans Hillen (Defence)
* Edith Schippers (Health, Welfare and Sport)
* Marja van Bijsterveldt (Education, Culture and Science)
* Melanie Schultz van Haegen (Infrastructure and the Environment)
* Henk Kamp (Social Affairs and Employment)

Minister without portfolio|

* Gerd Leers (Immigration, Integration and Asylum Affairs)

State secretaries|

* Ben Knapen (Foreign Affairs)
* Frans Weekers (Finance)
* Fred Teeven (Security and Justice)
* Henk Bleker (Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation)
* Marlies Veldhuijzen van Zanten (Health, Welfare and Sport)
* Halbe Zijlstra (Education, Culture and Science)
* Joop Atsma (Infrastructure and the Environment)
* Paul de Krom (Social Affairs and Employment)

* v
* t
* e

State secretaries for education of the Netherlands

Ministry of Education, Culture and Science

* Cals
* De Waal
* Höppener
* Stubenrouch
* Janssen
* Scholten
* Grosheide
* Van de Laar
* Schelfhout
* Klein
* Veerman
* De Jong
* Hermes
* Deetman
* Ginjaar-Maas
* Van Leijenhorst
* Wallage
* 't Veld
* Cohen
* Netelenbos
* Nuis
* Adelmund
* Van der Ploeg
* Nijs
* Van Leeuwen
* Van der Laan
* Rutte
* Bruins
* Van Bijsterveldt
* Dijksma
* Zijlstra
* Dekker
* Uslu
* Van Weyenberg
* Gräper
* Paul

* v
* t
* e

State secretaries for social affairs of the Netherlands

Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment

* Van Rhijn
* Muntendam
* Roolvink
* De Meijer
* Bartels
* Kruisinga
* Rietkerk
* Mertens
* De Graaf
* Dales
* d'Ancona
* Van Zeil
* De Graaf
* Kappeyne van de Coppello
* Ter Veld
* Wallage
* Linschoten
* De Grave
* Hoogervorst
* Verstand
* Rutte
* Bijlhout
* Phoa
* Van Hoof
* Aboutaleb
* Klijnsma
* De Krom
* Klijnsma
* Van Ark
* Van 't Wout
* Wiersma
* Nobel

* v
* t
* e

Second Balkenende cabinet (2003–2006)

Preceded by: First Balkenende cabinet · Succeeded by: Third Balkenende cabinet

Prime Minister|

* Jan Peter Balkenende (General Affairs)

Deputy Prime Ministers|

* Gerrit Zalm (Finance)
* Thom de Graaf (Government Reform and Kingdom Relations) (2003–2005)
* Laurens Jan Brinkhorst (Economic Affairs) (2005–2006)

Ministers|

* Johan Remkes (Interior)
* Jaap de Hoop Scheffer (Foreign Affairs) (2003)
* Ben Bot (Foreign Affairs) (from 2003)
* Piet Hein Donner (Justice)
* Gerrit Zalm (Economic Affairs) (ad interim)
* Henk Kamp (Defence)
* Hans Hoogervorst (Health, Welfare and Sport)
* Maria van der Hoeven (Education, Culture and Science)
* Karla Peijs (Transport, Public Works and Water Management)
* Cees Veerman (Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality)
* Aart Jan de Geus (Social Affairs and Employment)
* Sybilla Dekker (Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment)

Ministers without portfolio|

* Rita Verdonk (Integration and Immigration)
* Agnes van Ardenne (Development Cooperation)
* Alexander Pechtold (Government Reform and Kingdom Relations) (2005–2006)

State secretaries|

* Atzo Nicolaï (Foreign Affairs)
* Joop Wijn (Finance)
* Karien van Gennip (Economic Affairs)
* Cees van der Knaap (Defence)
* Annette Nijs (Education, Culture and Science) (2003–2004)
* Medy van der Laan (Education, Culture and Science)
* Mark Rutte (Education, Culture and Science) (2004–2006)
* Bruno Bruins (Education, Culture and Science) (from 2006)
* Clémence Ross-van Dorp (Health, Welfare and Sport)
* Melanie Schultz van Haegen (Transport, Public Works and Water Management)
* Mark Rutte (Social Affairs and Employment) (2003–2004)
* Henk van Hoof (Social Affairs and Employment) (from 2004)
* Pieter van Geel (Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment)

* v
* t
* e

First Balkenende cabinet (2002–2003)

* Preceded by: Second Kok cabinet
* Succeeded by: Second Balkenende cabinet

Prime Minister|

* Jan Peter Balkenende (General Affairs)

Deputy Prime Ministers|

* Eduard Bomhoff (Health, Welfare and Sport) (2002)
* Johan Remkes (Interior and Kingdom Relations)
* Roelf de Boer (Transport, Public Works and Water Management) (from 2002)

Ministers|

* Jaap de Hoop Scheffer (Foreign Affairs)
* Hans Hoogervorst (Finance)
* Piet Hein Donner (Justice)
* Herman Heinsbroek (Economic Affairs) (2002)
* Hans Hoogervorst (Economic Affairs) (from 2002)
* Benk Korthals (Defence) (2002)
* Henk Kamp (Defence) (from 2002)
* Maria van der Hoeven (Education, Culture and Science)
* Aart Jan de Geus (Health, Welfare and Sport) (from 2002)
* Cees Veerman (Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality)
* Aart Jan de Geus (Social Affairs and Employment)
* Henk Kamp (Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment)

Minister without portfolio|

* Hilbrand Nawijn (Integration and Immigration)

State secretaries|

* Rob Hessing (Interior and Kingdom Relations)
* Atzo Nicolaï (Foreign Affairs)
* Agnes van Ardenne (Foreign Affairs)
* Steven van Eijck (Finance)
* Joop Wijn (Economic Affairs)
* Cees van der Knaap (Defence)
* Cees van Leeuwen (Education, Culture and Science)
* Annette Nijs (Education, Culture and Science)
* Clémence Ross-van Dorp (Health, Welfare and Sport)
* Melanie Schultz van Haegen (Transport, Public Works and Water Management)
* Jan Odink (Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality)
* Mark Rutte (Social Affairs and Employment)
* Philomena Bijlhout (Social Affairs and Employment) (22 July 2002)
* Khee Liang Phoa (Social Affairs and Employment) (from 2002)
* Pieter van Geel (Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment)

* v
* t
* e

Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands (2021–2023)

House of Representatives
31 March 2021 – 5 December 2023

People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy
(VVD – 34)|

* Hermans
* Aartsen
* ‹Van Ark›
* Becker
* Bevers
* Bijenhof
* Brekelmans
* Van Campen
* Ellian
* Erkens
* Grevink
* P. de Groot
* ‹Harbers›
* Haverkort
* Heerema
* Heinen
* Van den Hil
* ‹Idsinga›
* Kamminga
* Klink
* Koerhuis
* De Kort
* Michon
* Minhas
* ‹De Neef›
* ‹Paul›
* Rahimi
* Rajkowski
* Richardson
* ‹Rutte›
* C. Simons
* Smals
* Van Strien
* Strolenberg
* ‹Tellegen›
* Tielen
* Valstar
* Verkuijlen
* ‹De Vries›
* ‹Wiersma›
* ‹Van Wijngaarden›
* Van der Woude
* ‹Van 't Wout›
* El Yassini
* ‹Yeşilgöz-Zegerius›

Democrats 66
(D66 – 24)|

* Paternotte
* Belhaj
* Bergkamp (Speaker)
* ‹Van Beukering›
* Boucke
* Boulakjar
* Van Breugel
* Dekker-Abdulaziz
* Van Ginneken
* T. de Groot
* Hagen
* Hammelburg
* ‹Jetten›
* R. de Jong
* ‹Kaag›
* Kat
* Van der Laan
* ‹Van Meenen›
* Paulusma
* Podt
* Raemakers
* Sahla
* Sjoerdsma
* ‹Smeets›
* Sneller
* H. Teunissen
* ‹Vijlbrief›
* Warmerdam
* (Van der Werf)
* Van Weyenberg
* Wuite

Party for Freedom
(PVV – 16)|

* Wilders
* Agema
* Beertema
* Bosma
* Van Dijck
* Fritsma
* De Graaf
* Graus
* L. de Jong
* Kops
* Madlener
* Maeijer
* Markuszower
* E. Mulder
* De Roon
* Van Weerdenburg

Christian Democratic Appeal
(CDA – 14)|

* Bontenbal
* Amhaouch
* Van den Berg
* Boswijk
* Van den Brink
* I. van Dijk
* ‹Geurts›
* Heerma
* ‹Hoekstra›
* ‹Keijzer›
* ‹Knops›
* Krul
* Kuik
* ‹Van der Molen›
* ‹A. Mulder›
* Palland
* Peters
* Slootweg
* Vedder
* Werner

Socialist Party
(SP – 9)|

* Marijnissen
* Alkaya
* Beckerman
* Dijk
* J. van Dijk
* ‹Futselaar›
* ‹Hijink›
* Van Kent
* Kwint
* ‹Leijten›
* Van Nispen
* Temmink

Labour Party
(PvdA – 9)|

* Kuiken
* ‹Arib›
* Bushoff
* ‹G. van Dijk›
* De Hoop
* Kathmann
* Mutluer
* Nijboer
* Piri
* ‹Ploumen›
* Thijssen

GroenLinks
(GL – 8)|

* Klaver
* Bouchallikht
* Bromet
* Ellemeet
* Kröger
* Van der Lee
* Maatoug
* ‹Snels›
* Westerveld

Party for the Animals
(PvdD – 6)|

* Ouwehand
* ‹Akerboom›
* Van Esch
* Van Raan
* C. Teunissen
* Vestering
* Wassenberg

Forum for Democracy
(FVD – 5)|

* Baudet
* ‹Dekker›
* Van Houwelingen
* Jansen
* Kerseboom
* Van Meijeren

Christian Union
(CU – 5)|

* Bikker
* Ceder
* Drost
* Van der Graaf
* Grinwis
* ‹Schouten›
* ‹Segers›

Farmer–Citizen Movement
(BBB – 4)|

* Van der Plas
* Eppink
* Helder
* Pouw-Verweij

Reformed Political Party
(SGP – 3)|

* Stoffer
* Bisschop
* Van der Staaij

Denk
(Denk– 3)|

* Van Baarle
* Azarkan
* Kuzu

Volt Netherlands
(Volt – 2)|

* Dassen
* ‹Boutkan›
* Koekkoek

JA21
(JA21 – 1)|

* Eerdmans
* ‹Goudzwaard›

Den Haan Group
(FDH – 1)|

* Den Haan

BIJ1
(BIJ1 – 1)|

* S. Simons

Van Haga Group
(Indep. – 3)|

* Van Haga
* Smolders

Member Ephraim
(Indep. – 1)|

* Ephraim

Member Gündoğan
(Indep. – 1)|

* Gündoğan

Member Omtzigt
(Indep. – 1)|

* Omtzigt

Bold indicates the parliamentary leader (first mentioned) and the Speaker;  (Brackets) indicate a temporarily absent member;
Italics indicate a temporary member;  ‹Guillemets› indicate a member who has left the House of Representatives
See also: Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2019–2023 · Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027

* v
* t
* e

Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands (2017–2021)

House of Representatives
23 March 2017 – 31 March 2021

People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy
(VVD – 32)|

* Dijkhoff
* ‹Van Ark›
* Aartsen
* ‹Azmani›
* Becker
* Bolkestein
* Van den Bosch
* Bosman
* ‹Ten Broeke›
* ‹Dekker›
* R. Dijkstra
* ‹Duisenberg›
* El Yassini
* Van Gent
* Harbers
* Heerema
* ‹Hennis-Plasschaert›
* Hermans
* Koerhuis
* Koopmans
* Laan-Geselschap
* ‹De Lange›
* Van der Linde
* Lodders
* Middendorp
* ‹A. Mulder›
* Nijkerken-de Haan
* ‹Van Oosten›
* Regterschot
* ‹A. Rutte›
* ‹M. Rutte›
* Smals
* Snoeren
* Tellegen
* Tielen
* Veldman
* ‹Visser›
* De Vries
* Weverling
* Wiersma
* Van Wijngaarden
* Wörsdörfer
* ‹Van 't Wout›
* Yeşilgöz-Zegerius
* Ziengs
* ‹Zijlstra›

Party for Freedom
(PVV – 20)|

* Wilders
* Van Aalst
* Agema
* Beertema
* Bosma
* Van Dijck
* E. van Dijk
* Fritsma
* ‹Gerbrands›
* De Graaf
* Graus
* Helder
* Jansen
* De Jong
* Kops
* Madlener
* (Maeijer)
* Markuszower
* E. Mulder
* ‹Popken›
* De Roon
* De Vree
* Van Weerdenburg

Christian Democratic Appeal
(CDA – 19)|

* Heerma
* Amhaouch
* Van den Anker
* Van den Berg
* ‹Bruins Slot›
* C. van Dam
* Geluk-Poortvliet
* Geurts
* ‹Van Haersma Buma›
* Van Helvert
* ‹Keijzer›
* ‹Knops›
* Kuik
* Von Martels
* Van der Molen
* A.H. Mulder
* Omtzigt
* Palland
* De Pater-Postma
* Peters
* ‹Rog›
* ‹Ronnes›
* Slootweg
* Terpstra
* Van Toorenburg

Democrats 66
(D66 – 19)|

* Jetten
* Belhaj
* Bergkamp
* Van Beukering
* ‹Den Boer›
* Bouali
* Diertens
* P. Dijkstra
* Van Eijs
* ‹Van Engelshoven›
* De Groot
* Groothuizen
* ‹Koolmees›
* Van Meenen
* Paternotte
* ‹Pechtold›
* Raemakers
* Schonis
* Sienot
* Sjoerdsma
* Sneller
* ‹Van Veldhoven›
* Verhoeven
* Van Weyenberg

GroenLinks
(GL – 14)|

* Klaver
* Bromet
* Van den Berge
* Buitenweg
* ‹Diks›
* Ellemeet
* ‹Grashoff›
* Kröger
* Van der Lee
* Van den Nieuwenhuijzen
* Van Ojik
* ‹Özdil›
* Özütok
* Renkema
* Smeulders
* Snels
* ‹Van Tongeren›
* ‹Voortman›
* Westerveld

Socialist Party
(SP – 14)|

* Marijnissen
* Alkaya
* Beckerman
* J. van Dijk
* Futselaar
* Van Gerven
* Hijink
* Karabulut
* Van Kent
* ‹Kooiman›
* Kwint
* Laçin
* Leijten
* Van Nispen
* Van Raak
* ‹Roemer›

Labour Party
(PvdA – 9)|

* Ploumen
* Arib (Speaker)
* Asscher
* G. van Dijk
* ‹Dijksma›
* ‹Dijsselbloem›
* Van den Hul
* Kerstens
* Kuiken
* Moorlag
* Nijboer

Christian Union
(CU – 5)|

* Segers
* Bruins
* Dik-Faber
* Van der Graaf
* ‹Schouten›
* Voordewind

Party for the Animals
(PvdD – 4)|

* Ouwehand
* ‹Thieme›
* Van Esch
* Van Raan
* Wassenberg

50PLUS
(50+ – 3)|

* Van Brenk
* Van Otterloo
* ‹Van Rooijen›
* Sazias

Reformed Political Party
(SGP – 3)|

* Van der Staaij
* Bisschop
* ‹Dijkgraaf›
* Stoffer

DENK
(DENK – 3)|

* Azarkan
* Kuzu
* Öztürk

Forum for Democracy
(FVD – 2)|

* Baudet
* Van Haga
* ‹Hiddema›
* (vacant)

Member Krol
(Indep. – 1)|

* Krol

Member Van Kooten-Arissen
(Indep. – 1)|

* Van Kooten-Arissen

Bold indicates the parliamentary leader (first mentioned) and the Speaker;  (Brackets) indicate a temporarily absent member;
Italics indicate a temporary member;  ‹Guillemets› indicate a member who has left the House of Representatives
See also: Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2015–2019 · 2019–2023

* v
* t
* e

Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands (2012–2017)

House of Representatives
20 September 2012 – 23 March 2017

People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy
(VVD – 40)|

* Zijlstra
* Van Ark
* Azmani
* Berckmoes-Duindam
* ‹Blok›
* De Boer
* Bosma
* Bosman
* Ten Broeke
* Van der Burg
* De Caluwé
* ‹Dijkhoff›
* R. Dijkstra
* Duisenberg
* Elias
* Geselschap
* Harbers
* Heerema
* ‹Hennis-Plasschaert›
* ‹Huizing›
* De Lange
* ‹Leegte›
* ‹De Liefde›
* Van der Linde
* ‹Litjens›
* Lodders
* ‹Lucas›
* Van Miltenburg (Speaker, 2012–15)
* Moors
* A. Mulder
* Neppérus
* ‹Van Nieuwenhuizen›
* Nijkerken-de Haan
* Van Oosten
* Potters
* Van der Ree
* A. Rutte
* ‹M. Rutte›
* ‹Schippers›
* Schut-Welkzijn
* ‹Van der Steur›
* Straus
* Taverne
* Teeven
* Tellegen
* ‹Van Veen›
* Veldman
* ‹Verheijen›
* Visser
* A. de Vries
* Vuijk
* ‹Weekers›
* Van Wijngaarden
* Van 't Wout
* Ziengs

Labour Party
(PvdA – 35)|

* Kuiken
* Arib (Speaker, 2015–17)
* Asante
* ‹Bonis›
* Bouwmeester
* Brouwer
* Çegerek
* ‹Van Dam›
* Van Dekken
* ‹O. van Dijk›
* ‹Dijsselbloem›
* Dikkers
* Eijsink
* Fokke
* Groot
* Günal-Gezer
* ‹Hamer›
* ‹Heijnen›
* ‹Hilkens›
* Hoogland
* Jacobi
* ‹Jadnanansing›
* Kerstens
* ‹Klijnsma›
* Van Laar
* Leenders
* Maij
* Marcouch
* Mohandis
* Nijboer
* Oosenbrug
* ‹Plasterk›
* Recourt
* ‹Samsom›
* Servaes
* Tanamal
* ‹Timmermans›
* ‹Ünver›
* Van der Velde
* Vermeij
* Vermue
* Volp
* J. Vos
* M. Vos
* A.A. de Vries
* Wolbert
* Ypma
* Yücel

Socialist Party
(SP – 15)|

* Roemer
* Bashir
* Van Bommel
* J. van Dijk
* Van Gerven
* Gesthuizen
* ‹Jansen›
* Karabulut
* Kooiman
* Leijten
* Merkies
* Van Nispen
* Van Raak
* Siderius
* Smaling
* ‹Smits›
* ‹Swinkels›
* Ulenbelt
* ‹De Wit›

Christian Democratic Appeal
(CDA – 13)|

* Van Haersma Buma
* Amhaouch
* Bruins Slot
* Geurts
* Heerma
* Van Helvert
* ‹Van Hijum›
* Keijzer
* Knops
* A.H. Mulder
* Omtzigt
* ‹Oskam›
* Rog
* Ronnes
* ‹De Rouwe›
* Van Toorenburg

Party for Freedom
(PVV – 12)|

* Wilders
* Agema
* Beertema
* Bosma
* Van Dijck
* Fritsma
* ‹Gerbrands›
* De Graaf
* Graus
* Helder
* Klever
* Madlener
* De Roon

Democrats 66
(D66 – 12)|

* Pechtold
* Belhaj
* Bergkamp
* ‹Berndsen›
* P. Dijkstra
* ‹Hachchi›
* Koolmees
* Koşer Kaya
* Van Meenen
* ‹Schouw›
* Sjoerdsma
* Swinkels
* Van Veldhoven
* Verhoeven
* Van Weyenberg

Christian Union
(CU – 5)|

* Segers
* Bruins
* Dik-Faber
* Schouten
* ‹Slob›
* Voordewind

GroenLinks
(GL – 4)|

* Klaver
* ‹Ellemeet›
* Grashoff
* ‹Van Ojik›
* ‹Sap›
* Van Tongeren
* Voortman

Reformed Political Party
(SGP – 3)|

* Van der Staaij
* Bisschop
* Dijkgraaf

Party for the Animals
(PvdD – 2)|

* Thieme
* Ouwehand
* ‹Wassenberg›

50PLUS
(50+ – 1)|

* Krol
* ‹Baay-Timmerman›

Bontes/Van Klaveren Group
(Indep. – 2)|

* Bontes
* Van Klaveren

Kuzu/Öztürk Group
(Indep. – 2)|

* Kuzu
* Öztürk

Member Van Vliet
(Indep. – 1)|

* Van Vliet

Member Klein
(Indep. – 1)|

* Klein

Member Houwers
(Indep. – 1)|

* Houwers

Member Monasch
(Indep. – 1)|

* Monasch

Abc signifies the parliamentary leader (first mentioned) and the Speaker;  (Abc) signifies a temporarily absent member;
Abc signifies a temporary member;  ‹Abc› signifies a member who prematurely left the House of Representatives
See also: Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2011–2015 · 2015–2019

* v
* t
* e

Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands (2010–2012)

House of Representatives, 17 June 2010 – 19 September 2012

People's Party for Freedom
and Democracy (31)|

* Blok
* Aptroot
* Van Ark
* Azmani
* Van Beek
* Berckmoes-Duindam
* De Boer
* Bosman
* Ten Broeke
* Van der Burg
* De Caluwé
* <Dezentjé Hamming-Bluemink>
* Dijkhoff
* Elias
* Harbers
* Hennis-Plasschaert
* Houwers
* Huizing
* <De Krom>
* Leegte
* De Liefde
* Lodders
* Lucas
* Van Miltenburg
* Mulder
* Neppérus
* <Nicolaï>
* Van Nieuwenhuizen
* <Rutte>
* Schaart
* <Schippers>
* Snijder-Hazelhoff
* Van der Steur
* Straus
* Taverne
* <Teeven>
* <Weekers>
* Ziengs
* <Zijlstra>

Labour Party (30)|

* Samsom
* Albayrak
* Arib
* Bouwmeester
* Çelik
* <Cohen>
* Van Dam
* Van Dekken
* Dijksma
* Dijsselbloem
* Dikkers
* Eijsink
* Groot
* Hamer
* Heijnen
* Hilkens
* Jacobi
* Jadnanansing
* Klijnsma
* <Kraneveldt>
* Kuiken
* De Lange
* <Leerdam>
* Marcouch
* Monasch
* Plasterk
* Recourt
* Smeets
* <Spekman>
* Timmermans
* Van der Veen
* Verbeet (Speaker)
* Vermeij
* Wolbert

Christian Democratic
Appeal (21)|

* Van Haersma Buma
* <Atsma>
* <Bijleveld>
* <Bijsterveldt>
* Biskop
* Blanksma-van den Heuvel
* Van Bochove
* Bruins Slot
* Çörüz
* Ferrier
* Haverkamp
* Van Hijum
* Holtackers
* <De Jager>
* <Joldersma>
* <Klink>
* Knops
* Koopmans
* Koppejan
* Omtzigt
* Ormel
* De Rouwe
* Smilde
* Sterk
* Van Toorenburg
* Uitslag
* <Verburg>
* <Verhagen>
* Van der Werf

Party for Freedom (20)|

* Wilders
* Agema
* Beertema
* Van den Besselaar
* Bontes
* Bosma
* Van Dijck
* Dille
* Driessen
* Elissen
* Fritsma
* Gerbrands
* Graus
* Helder
* De Jong
* Van Klaveren
* Lucassen
* De Mos
* De Roon
* <Sharpe>
* Van Vliet

Socialist Party (15)|

* Roemer
* Bashir
* Van Bommel
* Van Dijk
* Van Gerven
* Gesthuizen
* Irrgang
* Jansen
* <Janssen>
* Karabulut
* Kooiman
* Leijten
* Van Raak
* Smits
* Ulenbelt
* De Wit

Democrats 66 (10)|

* Pechtold
* Berndsen
* Dijkstra
* Hachchi
* Van der Ham
* Koolmees
* Koşer Kaya
* Schouw
* Van Veldhoven
* Verhoeven

GroenLinks (10)|

* Sap
* <Van den Berge>
* Braakhuis
* Dibi
* El Fassed
* Van Gent
* Grashoff
* <Halsema>
* Klaver
* Peters
* Van Tongeren
* Voortman

Christian Union (5)|

* Slob
* Ortega
* <Rouvoet>
* Schouten
* Voordewind
* Wiegman

Reformed Political Party (2)|

* Van der Staaij
* Dijkgraaf

Party for the Animals (2)|

* Thieme
* <Hazekamp>
* Ouwehand

Independents (4)|

* Groep Kortenoeven/Hernandez
* Kortenoeven
* Hernandez
* Lid-Brinkman
* Brinkman
* Lid-Van Bemmel
* Van Bemmel

See also: Members of the House of Representatives, 2006–2010, Members of the House of Representatives, 2012–2017, Members of the Senate, 2011–2015

* v
* t
* e

Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands (2006–2010)

House of Representatives, 30 November 2006 – 16 June 2010

Christian Democratic Appeal
(CDA – 41)|

* Van Geel
* Aasted-Madsen
* Algra
* Atsma
* <Balkenende>
* Bilder
* Biskop
* Blanksma-Van den Heuvel
* Van Bochove
* <Van de Camp>
* Çörüz
* Van Dijk
* <Donner>
* Eski
* Ferrier
* <Van Gennip>
* Van Haersma Buma
* Haverkamp
* <Hessels>
* <Van Heugten>
* Van Hijum
* <Van der Hoeven>
* Ten Hoopen
* Jager
* Joldersma
* Jonker
* <Van der Knaap>
* Knops
* Koopmans
* Koppejan
* <Kortenhorst>
* Mastwijk
* de Nerée tot Babberich
* Omtzigt
* Ormel
* De Pater-Van der Meer
* Pieper
* De Rouwe
* Schermers
* Schinkelshoek
* Schreijer-Pierik
* Smilde
* Spies
* Sterk
* Van Toorenburg
* Uitslag
* <Verburg>
* <Verhagen>
* Vietsch
* De Vries
* Van Vroonhoven-Kok
* <Wijn>
* Willemse-Van der Ploeg

Labour Party
(PvdA – 33)|

* Hamer
* Albayrak
* Arib
* Besselink
* Blom
* Boelhouwer
* <Bos>
* Bouchibti
* Bouwmeester
* <Bussemaker>
* <Crone>
* Van Dam
* <Depla>
* Van Dijken
* <Dijksma>
* Dijsselbloem
* Eijsink
* Gill'ard
* Heerts
* Heijnen
* Jacobi
* Kalma
* <Koenders>
* Kraneveldt
* Kuiken
* <Laaper>
* Leerdam
* Linhard
* Roefs
* Samsom
* Smeets
* Spekman
* Tang
* <Tichelaar>
* Timmer
* <Timmermans>
* Van der Veen
* Verbeet (Speaker)
* Vermeij
* Vos
* Waalkens
* Wolbert
* <Wolfson>
* <Yücel>

Socialist Party
(SP – 25)|

* Kant
* <Abel>
* Bashir
* Van Bommel
* Van Dijk
* Gerkens
* Van Gerven
* Gesthuizen
* <Van Gijlswijk>
* Irrgang
* Jansen
* Karabulut
* Langkamp
* Van Leeuwen
* Leijten
* Lempens
* Luijben
* Marijnissen
* Polderman
* Poppe
* Van Raak
* Roemer
* De Rooij
* <De Roos>
* Smits
* Ulenbelt
* Van Velzen
* de Wit

People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy
(VVD – 21)|

* Rutte
* Aptroot
* <Van Baalen>
* Van Beek
* Blok
* <Boekestijn>
* Ten Broeke
* Van der Burg
* Dezentjé Hamming-Bluemink
* <Elias>
* Griffith
* Harbers
* Kamp
* De Krom
* Meeuwis
* Van Miltenburg
* Neppérus
* Nicolaï
* Remkes
* Schippers
* Snijder-Hazelhoff
* Teeven
* Weekers
* Zijlstra

Party for Freedom
(PVV – 9)|

* Wilders
* Agema
* Bosma
* Brinkman
* Van Dijck
* Fritsma
* Graus
* <Madlener>
* De Mos
* De Roon

GroenLinks
(GL – 7)|

* Halsema
* Azough
* Dibi
* <Diks>
* <Duyvendak>
* Van Gent
* Peters
* Sap
* Vendrik

Christian Union
(CU – 6)|

* Slob
* Anker
* Cramer
* <Huizinga>
* Ortega
* <Rouvoet>
* Voordewind
* Wiegman

Democrats 66
(D66 – 3)|

* Pechtold
* Van der Ham
* Kaya

Party for the Animals
(PvdD – 2)|

* Thieme
* Ouwehand

Reformed Political Party
(SGP – 2)|

* Van der Vlies
* Van der Staaij

Independent
(Lid-Verdonk – 1)|

* Verdonk

Underline signifies the parliamentary leader (first mentioned) and the Speaker
Angle brackets signify a replacement member or a member who prematurely left this House of Representatives

See also: Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2010–2012

* v
* t
* e

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

Leaders|

* Oud
* Toxopeus
* Geertsema
* Wiegel
* Nijpels
* De Korte
* Voorhoeve
* Bolkestein
* Dijkstal
* Zalm
* Van Aartsen
* Rutte
* Yeşilgöz

Chairs|

* Stikker
* Oud
* Van der Pols
* Van Someren
* Korthals Altes
* Kamminga
* Ginjaar
* Van Leeuwen-Schut
* Hoekzema
* Eenhoorn
* Van Zanen
* Opstelten
* Korthals
* Keizer
* Van der Wal
* Hoes
* Wetzels

Parliamentary leaders in
the Senate|

* Molenaar
* Van Riel
* Van Someren
* Zoutendijk
* Luteijn
* Korthals Altes
* Ginjaar
* Van den Broek-Laman Trip
* Rosenthal
* De Graaf
* Hermans
* Jorritsma
* Schippers

Parliamentary leaders in
the House of Representatives|

* Oud
* Toxopeus
* Geertsema
* Toxopeus
* Geertsema
* Wiegel
* Rietkerk
* Wiegel
* Nijpels
* Voorhoeve
* Bolkestein
* Dijkstal
* Zalm
* Van Aartsen
* Van Beek
* Rutte
* Blok
* Rutte
* Zijlstra
* Rutte
* Zijlstra
* Dijkhoff
* Rutte
* Hermans
* Yeşilgöz

Party organisations|

* Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy
* Telders Foundation
* Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
* Renew Europe
* Liberal International

Leadership elections|

* 2006

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Netherlands
* Poland

Artists|

* MusicBrainz

Other|

* Yale LUX

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*[Pos.]: Position on the party list
*[Ref]: References