Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge Complex

United States Wildlife Refuge Complex

The Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge Complex was established for the protection of migratory birds including waterfowl, shorebirds, and songbirds. It is located along the Mississippi Flyway, one of the major routes for migrating waterfowl. Refuge units also provide important habitat for big-river fish and a variety of other native wildlife such as deer, fox, beaver, frogs, turtles, and snakes. Key goals are to conserve and enhance the quality and diversity of fish and wildlife and their habitats, to restore floodplain functions in the river corridor, and to provide wildlife-related recreational experiences for the public.

Several units within the Complex were established in the 1940s following construction of the lock and dam system. Those units were consolidated into Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge in 1958. Since then, other areas have been added to Mark Twain, which now includes 45,000 acres (180 km2) scattered along 345 miles (555 km) of the Mississippi River and short distances up the Illinois and Iowa rivers.

In 2000, Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge was split into five separate National Wildlife Refuges \- Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge, Great River National Wildlife Refuge, Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge, Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge, and Middle Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge. The Refuge Complex administration office, located in Quincy, Illinois, has retained the Mark Twain name.

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is an agency of the Department of the Interior.

## External links

[edit]

* Official home page
* Map

40°0′N 91°20′W﻿ / ﻿40.000°N 91.333°W﻿ / 40.000; -91.333

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Protected areas of Illinois

Federal|

| National Historic Sites and Parks
and national monument|

* Chicago Portage
* Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley
* Lincoln Home
* New Philadelphia
* Pullman

|

National Forest|

* Shawnee

National Wildlife Refuges|

* Chautauqua
* Crab Orchard
* Cypress Creek
* Driftless Area
* Emiquon
* Great River
* Hackmatack
* Kankakee
* Mark Twain
* Meredosia
* Middle Mississippi River
* Port Louisa
* Two Rivers
* Upper Mississippi River

National Grassland|

* Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie

National Trails/National Heritage Area|

* Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area
* Illinois and Michigan Canal
* Lewis and Clark
* Mormon Pioneer
* Trail of Tears

National Natural Landmarks|

* List of National Natural Landmarks in Illinois

National Wild and Scenic Rivers|

* Middle Fork Vermilion River

Wetlands of international importance|

* Cache River-Cypress Creek
* The Emiquon Complex
* Dixon Waterfowl Refuge
* Chiwaukee Illinois Beach Lake Plain (shared with Wisconsin)
* Upper Mississippi (shared)

State|

| State Parks|

* Apple River
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|

State Historic Sites|

* List of Illinois State Historic Sites (including, Cahokia World Heritage Site)

State Forests|

* Big River
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State
Recreation Areas|

* Clinton Lake
* Eagle Creek
* Eldon Hazlet
* Frank Holten
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* Johnson-Sauk Trail
* Kickapoo
* Lake Le-Aqua-Na
* Moraine View
* North Point Marina
* Prophetstown
* Pyramid
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* Randolph County
* Sangchris Lake
* Stephen A. Forbes
* Washington County
* Wayne Fitzgerrell
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State Fish and
Wildlife Areas|

* Anderson Lake
* Baldwin Lake
* Banner Marsh
* Carlyle Lake
* Coffeen Lake
* Crawford County
* Des Plaines
* Double T
* Edward R. Madigan
* Green River
* Hamilton County
* Heidecke Lake
* Horseshoe Lake (Alexander County)
* Iroquois County
* Kaskaskia River
* Kinkaid Lake
* Kishwaukee River
* LaSalle Lake
* Mackinaw River
* Marshall
* Mautino
* Mazonia/Braidwood
* Mermet Lake
* Middle Fork
* Mississippi River
* Newton Lake
* Jim Edgar Panther Creek
* Peabody River
* Pekin Lake
* Powerton Lake
* Ray Norbut
* Rend Lake
* Rice Lake
* Sahara Woods
* Saline County
* Sam Dale Lake
* Sam Parr
* Sanganois
* Shelbyville
* Silver Springs
* Snakeden Hollow
* Spring Lake
* Ten Mile Creek
* Turkey Bluffs
* Union County
* Woodford

State Natural Areas|

* Cache River
* Franklin Creek
* Fults Hill Prairie
* Goose Lake Prairie
* Harry "Babe" Woodyard
* Illinois Caverns
* Kidd Lake
* Piney Creek Ravine
* Prairie Ridge
* Revis Hill Prairie
* Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak
* Sielbeck Forest
* Spitler Woods
* Volo Bog

State Trails|

* Mormon Trail
* Trail of Tears
* Tunnel Hill

Local|

| County Districts|

* Local forest and conservation districts

|

* Category
* Chicago
* East St. Louis
* Illinois Department of Natural Resources
* Commons

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National Wildlife Refuges of the United States

* Alabama
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