Market anarchism

Branch of anarchism advocating free-market systems

"Freed market" redirects here. For the general economic concept, see Free market.

Free-market anti-capitalist mural in Queens Part of a series on

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Market anarchism,[1] also known as free-market anti-capitalism,[2] is the branch of anarchism that advocates a free-market economic system based on voluntary interactions without the involvement of the state. A form of individualist anarchism[3] and libertarian socialism,[4] it is based on the economic theories of mutualism and individualist anarchism in the United States.[2]

Samuel Edward Konkin III's agorism is a strand of left-wing market anarchism that has been associated with left-libertarianism.[5] Anarcho-capitalism has also been referred to synonymously as free-market anarchism [6][7][8][9] due to contending definitions of the terms ‘markets’ and ‘capitalism’ which are not used by free-market anti-capitalists.[10]

## Theory

[edit]

According to libertarian scholar Sheldon Richman, left-libertarians "favor worker solidarity vis-à-vis bosses, support poor people's squatting on government or abandoned property, and prefer that corporate privileges be repealed before the regulatory restrictions on how those privileges may be exercised", seeing Walmart as a "symbol of corporate favoritism" which is "supported by highway subsidies and eminent domain", viewing "the fictive personhood of the limited-liability corporation with suspicion" and "doubt[ing] that Third World sweatshops would be the 'best alternative' in the absence of government manipulation". These left-libertarians "tend to eschew electoral politics, having little confidence in strategies that work through the government. They prefer to develop alternative institutions and methods of working around the state".[2]

Kevin Carson's Studies in Mutualist Political Economy helped to stimulate the growth of new-style mutualism, articulating a version of the labor theory of value incorporating ideas drawn from the Austrian School of economics. Other market-oriented left-libertarians have declined to embrace mutualist views of real property while sharing the mutualist opposition to corporate hierarchies and wealth concentration.[11]

Gary Chartier has joined Kevin Carson, Charles W. Johnson and others in maintaining that because of its heritage and its emancipatory goals and potential, radical market anarchism should be seen by its proponents and by others as part of the socialist tradition and that market anarchists can and should call themselves socialists.[12]

Roderick T. Long is an advocate of "build[ing] worker solidarity. On the one hand, this means formal organisation, including unionization – but I'm not talking about the prevailing model of 'business unions,' [...] but real unions, the old-fashioned kind, committed to the working class and not just union members, and interested in worker autonomy, not government patronage".[2]

## See also

[edit]

* Anarchism and capitalism
* Anarcho-capitalism
* Geolibertarianism
* Individualist anarchism
* Issues in anarchism
* Market socialism
* Mutualism
* Ricardian socialism

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Long, Roderick T. (January 1, 2012). "Left-Libertarianism, Market Anarchism, Class Conflict and Historical Theories of Distributive Justice". Griffith Law Review. 21 (2): 413–431. doi:10.1080/10383441.2012.10854747. S2CID 143550988 - via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.
2. ^ a b c d Richman, Sheldon (3 February 2011). "Libertarian Left: Free-market anti-capitalism, the unknown ideal". The American Conservative. ISSN 1540-966X. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
3. ^ Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (2011). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Minor Compositions/Autonomedia.
4. ^ Carson, Kevin. "Socialism: A Perfectly Good Word Rehabilitated". Center for a Stateless Society. "But there has always been a market-oriented strand of libertarian socialism that emphasizes voluntary cooperation between producers. And markets, properly understood, have always been about cooperation. As a commenter at Reason magazine's Hit&Run blog, remarking on Jesse Walker's link to the Kelly article, put it: "every trade is a cooperative act." In fact, it's a fairly common observation among market anarchists that genuinely free markets have the most legitimate claim to the label "socialism."
5. ^ "Anarchism". In Gaus, Gerald F.; D'Agostino, Fred, eds. (2012). The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy. p. 227. "Later [left-libertarianism] became a term for the left or Konkinite wing of the free-market libertarian movement, and has since come to cover a range of pro-market but anti-capitalist positions, mostly individualist anarchist, including agorism and mutualism, often with an implication of sympathies (such as for radical feminism or the labor movement) not usually shared by anarcho-capitalists."
6. ^ Carrier, James G. (1997). Meanings of the Market: The Free Market in Western Culture (1 ed.). Oxford: Berg. p. 107. ISBN 1-85973-149-X.
7. ^ Miller, G. Tyler; Paul, Ellen Frankel; Miller Jr., Fred D., eds. (1993). Liberalism and the Economic Order, Part 2. p. 115.
8. ^ Long, Roderick T.; Machan, Tibor R. (2016) [2008]. Anarchism/Minarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country?. Ashgate.
9. ^ Hoffman, John; Graham, Paul (2006). Introduction to Political Theory. p. 243.
10. ^ Chartier, Garry. Johnson, Charles H. Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Minor Compositions/Autonomedia. pp 60-61. “In order to get clear on the topic in a conversation about ‘Free Market Anticapitalism,’ the obvious points where clarification may be needed are going to be the meaning of capitalism, the meaning of markets, and the meaning of freedom in the market context… market anarchists have spent a lot of time…the possibility of disentangling multiple senses of ‘capitalism’…The meaning of the term is obviously central to any free market economics…Pro-capitalist economists have often suggested such a broad understanding of ‘markets’ even if the have not fully understood…its implications. For example Murray Rothbard….”
11. ^ See Long, Roderick T. (Winter 2006). "Land Locked: A Critique of Carson on Property Rights". Journal of Libertarian Studies. 20 (1): 87–95.
12. ^ Gary Chartier, "Advocates of Freed Markets Should Embrace 'Anti-Capitalism'"; Gary Chartier, Socialist Ends, Market Means: Five Essays. Cp. Tucker, "Socialism."

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Carson, Kevin (2017). "Anarchism and Markets". In Jun, Nathan (ed.). Brill's Companion to Anarchism and Philosophy. Leiden: Brill. pp. 81–119. doi:10.1163/9789004356894_005. ISBN 978-90-04-35689-4.
* Long, Roderick T. (2017). "Anarchism and Libertarianism". In Jun, Nathan (ed.). Brill's Companion to Anarchism and Philosophy. Leiden: Brill. pp. 285–317. doi:10.1163/9789004356894_012. ISBN 978-90-04-35689-4.
* Long, Roderick T. (2020). "The Anarchist Landscape". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought. New York: Routledge. pp. 28–38. doi:10.4324/9781315185255-2. ISBN 9781315185255. S2CID 228898569.
* Vest, J. Martin (2020). "Barbarians in the Agora: American Market Anarchism, 1945–2011". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought. New York: Routledge. pp. 112–125. doi:10.4324/9781315185255-8. ISBN 9781315185255. S2CID 228898569.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (2011). "Introduction". In Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (eds.). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. pp. 1–16. ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4.
* Chartier, Gary (2011). "Advocates of Freed Markets Should Oppose Capitalism". In Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (eds.). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. pp. 107–117. ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4.
* Chartier, Gary (2011). "Socialist Ends, Market Means". In Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (eds.). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. pp. 149–154. ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4.
* Johnson, Charles W. (2011). "Markets Freed From Capitalism". In Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (eds.). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. pp. 59–81. ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4.
* Spangler, Brad (2011). "Market Anarchism as Stigmergic Socialism". In Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (eds.). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. pp. 85–92. ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4.

## External links

[edit]

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Anarchism

Concepts|

* Anarchy
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* Anti-capitalism
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* Affinity group
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Issues|

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Schools of thought|

| Classical|

* Individualist

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|

Post-classical|

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Contemporary|

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Economics|

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Culture|

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People|

* Armand
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Concepts|

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Philosophers|

| Left-wing|

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|

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Works|

* Atlas Shrugged (1957)
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* For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto (1973)
* Law, Legislation and Liberty (1973–1979)
* Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974)
* Free to Choose (1980)

Related|

* Abolitionism
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Libertarian socialism

Schools
of thought|

* Anarchism
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* Chalieu-Montal Tendency
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Concepts

* Anti-authoritarianism
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* Economic democracy
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Models

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People

| 19th c.|

* Charles Fourier
* Stephen Pearl Andrews
* Mikhail Bakunin
* Joseph Déjacque
* Thomas Hodgskin
* Peter Kropotkin
* Gustav Landauer
* Herbert Marcuse
* William Morris
* Antonie Pannekoek
* Francesc Pi i Maragall
* Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
* Wilhelm Reich
* Rudolf Rocker
* Otto Rühle

|

20th c.|

* Michael Albert
* Murray Bookchin
* Cornelius Castoriadis
* Noam Chomsky
* G. D. H. Cole
* Takis Fotopoulos
* Paul Goodman
* Robin Hahnel
* Daniel Guérin
* Chris Pallis

Significant
events|

* International Workingmen's Association
* Revolutions of 1917–1923
* Spanish Revolution of 1936
* New Left
* New social movements

Related

* Communism
* Left-libertarianism
* Libertarianism
* Social democracy
* Socialism
* Syndicalism
* Critique of political economy

* v
* t
* e

Socialism

History \- Outline

Schools of
thought|

* 21st century
* Agrarian
* Communist
* Democratic
* Ethical
* Feminist
* Green
* Guild
* Labourism
* Syndicalism
* Liberal
* Market
* Marxian
* Nationalist
* Reformist
* Revolutionary
* Scientific
* Social democracy
* Utopian
* Fourierism
* Icarianism
* Owenism
* Saint-Simonianism
* Technocracy

| Libertarian
(from below)|

* Anarchism
* Collectivist
* Communist
* Free-market
* Left-wing laissez-faire
* Left-wing market
* Green
* Individualist
* Insurrectionary
* Magonism
* Mutualism
* Neozapatismo
* Platformism
* Communalism
* Social
* Syndicalist
* Left-libertarianism
* Libertarian Marxism
* Left communism
* Council communism
* Luxemburgism
* Mao-Spontex
* Trotskyism
* Pabloism
* Posadism
* Orthodox Trotskyism
* Third camp

|

Authoritarian
(from above)|

* Barracks
* Nechayevism
* Blanquism
* Bolshevism
* Leninism
* Marxism–Leninism
* Brezhnevism
* Castroism
* Ceaușism
* Guevarism
* Ho Chi Minh Thought
* Hoxhaism
* Husakism
* Juche
* Kadarism
* Khrushchevism
* Maoism
* Dengism
* Maoism–Third Worldism
* Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
* Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought
* Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path
* Xi Jinping Thought
* Stalinism
* Neo-Stalinism
* Tkachevism
* State
* Lassallism

Religious|

* Buddhist
* Christian
* anarchism
* communism
* Islamic
* Jewish

Regional variants|

* African
* African-Caribbean
* Arab
* Bolivarian
* Chinese
* Communist
* Nationalist
* European
* Eurocommunism
* Indian
* Israeli
* Indonesian
* Melanesian
* Mexican
* Soviet
* In one country
* Real
* Sri Lankan
* Third World
* Yugoslav

Key topics
and issues|

* Anarchist economics
* Anti-revisionism
* Criticism of capitalism
* Criticism of socialism
* Critique of political economy
* Critique of work
* Class struggle
* Democracy
* Dictatorship of the proletariat
* Egalitarianism
* Equal liberty
* Equality of opportunity
* Equality of outcome
* History of anarchism
* History of communism
* History of socialism
* Impossibilism
* "The Internationale"
* Internationalism
* State-owned enterprise
* Land reform
* Left-wing politics
* Mixed economy
* Mode of production
* Nanosocialism
* Nationalization
* Planned economy
* Post-capitalism
* Proletarian revolution
* Reformism
* Revisionism
* Socialisation of production
* Socialist economics
* Socialist market economy
* Socialist state
* State capitalism
* Trade union
* Welfare state
* Workers' council

Concepts|

* Adhocracy
* Anarchist economics
* Basic income
* Calculation in kind
* Common ownership
* Cooperative ownership
* Decentralized planning
* Direct democracy
* Economic democracy
* Economic planning
* Equal opportunity
* Free association of producers
* Industrial democracy
* Labor-time calculation
* Labour voucher
* Organizational self-management
* Production for use
* Public ownership
* Social dividend
* Socialist mode of production
* Technocracy
* Workplace democracy

People|

| 16th c.|

* Tommaso Campanella
* Thomas More

|

18th c.|

* Gracchus Babeuf
* Victor d'Hupay
* Gabriel Bonnot de Mably
* Sylvain Maréchal
* Étienne-Gabriel Morelly

19th c.|

* Stephen Pearl Andrews
* Mikhail Bakunin
* John Goodwyn Barmby
* Enrico Barone
* August Bebel
* Edward Bellamy
* Eduard Bernstein
* Louis Blanc
* Louis Auguste Blanqui
* Philippe Buchez
* Georg Büchner
* Philippe Buonarroti
* Francisco Largo Caballero
* Étienne Cabet
* Edward Carpenter
* Nikolay Chernyshevsky
* James Connolly
* Victor Prosper Considerant
* Claire Démar
* Théodore Dézamy
* W. E. B. Du Bois
* Prosper Enfantin
* Friedrich Engels
* Charles Fourier
* Emma Goldman
* William Batchelder Greene
* Charles Hall
* Alexander Herzen
* Thomas Hodgskin
* Jean Jaurès
* Mother Jones
* Karl Kautsky
* Peter Kropotkin
* Paul Lafargue
* Ferdinand Lassalle
* Pyotr Lavrov
* Alexandre Ledru-Rollin
* Pierre Leroux
* Helen Macfarlane
* Errico Malatesta
* Karl Marx
* Louise Michel
* Nikolay Mikhaylovsky
* William Morris
* Robert Owen
* Antonie Pannekoek
* Giovanni Pascoli
* Constantin Pecqueur
* Georgi Plekhanov
* Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
* Luis Emilio Recabarren
* Henri de Saint-Simon
* Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin
* George Sand
* Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz
* Eugène Sue
* Lysander Spooner
* Fred M. Taylor
* William Thompson
* Pyotr Tkachev
* Benjamin Tucker
* Suzanne Voilquin
* Alfred Russel Wallace
* Josiah Warren
* Wilhelm Weitling
* Oscar Wilde

20th c.|

* Tariq Ali
* Salvador Allende
* Inejirō Asanuma
* Hafez al-Assad
* Clement Attlee
* Aung San
* Deng Xiaoping
* Jiang Zemin
* Henri Barbusse
* Jyoti Basu
* Simone de Beauvoir
* Walter Benjamin
* Tony Benn
* Léon Blum
* Grace Lee Boggs
* Murray Bookchin
* Bertolt Brecht
* Aristide Briand
* Nikolai Bukharin
* Cornelius Castoriadis
* Noam Chomsky
* M. N. Roy
* G. D. H. Cole
* Jeremy Corbyn
* Marcel Déat
* Guy Debord
* Eugene V. Debs
* John Dewey
* Alexander Dubček
* Albert Einstein
* Faiz Ahmad Faiz
* Muammar Gaddafi
* Einar Gerhardsen
* Mikhail Gorbachev
* Maxim Gorky
* Antonio Gramsci
* Safdar Hashmi
* Eric Hobsbawm
* Saddam Hussein
* Dolores Ibárruri
* Pablo Iglesias Posse
* Jayaprakash Narayan
* Russell Jacoby
* Kim Jong-il
* Martin Luther King Jr.
* Alexandra Kollontai
* James Larkin
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad
* Jack Layton
* Henri Lefebvre
* Claude Lefort
* Vladimir Lenin
* György Lukács
* Rosa Luxemburg
* Lu Xun
* Alasdair MacIntyre
* Nestor Makhno
* Nelson Mandela
* José Carlos Mariátegui
* Adrien Marquet
* Mao Dun
* Salama Moussa
* François Mitterrand
* Imre Nagy
* Gamal Abdel Nasser
* Jawaharlal Nehru
* Ne Win
* George Orwell
* Sylvia Pankhurst
* Fred Paterson
* Karl Polanyi
* Pierre Renaudel
* B. T. Ranadive
* Bertrand Russell
* Gaetano Salvemini
* Bernie Sanders
* Jean-Paul Sartre
* Arthur Scargill
* Léopold Sédar Senghor
* George Bernard Shaw
* Sukarno
* Sun Yat-sen
* R. H. Tawney
* E. P. Thompson
* Ernst Toller
* Leon Trotsky
* Ram Manohar Lohia
* H. G. Wells
* Cornel West
* Clara Zetkin
* Howard Zinn
* J. Posadas

21st c.|

* Pedro Castillo
* Hugo Chávez
* Bob Crow
* Hu Jintao
* Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
* Kim Jong Un
* Lula da Silva
* Evo Morales
* Yanis Varoufakis
* Xi Jinping

Organizations|

* International socialist organizations
* Socialist parties

See also|

* Anarchism
* Communism
* Economic calculation problem
* Marxist philosophy
* New Left
* Old Left
* Socialism by country
* Socialist calculation debate

* Categories
* Socialism WikiProject
* Socialism portal
* Communism portal
* Organized Labour portal

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