Marquess of Winchester

Title in the Peerage of England

Marquessate of Winchester

Sable, three swords pilewise points in base proper pomels and hilts or

Creation date| 12 October 1551
Created by| Edward VI
Peerage| Peerage of England
First holder| William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester
Present holder| Christopher Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester
Heir apparent| Michael Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire
Remainder to| the 1st Earl's heirs male whatsoever
Subsidiary titles| Earl of Wiltshire
Baron St John
Status| Extant
Motto| Aimez Loyaulté (Love Loyalty)
William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester and Lord High Treasurer of England

Marquess of Winchester is a title in the Peerage of England that was created in 1551 for the prominent statesman William Paulet, 1st Earl of Wiltshire. It is the oldest of six surviving English marquessates; therefore its holder is considered the premier marquess of England. It is also now the only marquessate in the Peerage of England not being subsidiary to a higher title (although it was formerly subsidiary to the extinct Dukedom of Bolton; the other five are all still held by dukes). The current holder is Christopher Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (born 1969), whose son uses the courtesy title Earl of Wiltshire.

## History

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The peerage was created in 1551 for the prominent statesman William Paulet, 1st Earl of Wiltshire. The king at the time was Edward VI, who was not of age, and the decision was that of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, who in the same year promoted himself to a dukedom. Paulet had already been created Baron St John in 1539 and Earl of Wiltshire in 1550, also in the Peerage of England. The first marquess was one of the most noted statesmen of his time, serving in high positions under King Henry VIII and his children, and served as Lord High Treasurer of England from 1550 to 1572. He was succeeded by his son, the second marquess, who had been summoned to the House of Lords in his father's lifetime through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron St John. His son, the third marquess, was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration as Lord St John in 1572. His grandson, the fifth marquess, represented St Ives in the House of Commons. During the Civil War he was a strong supporter of King Charles I and became known as "the loyal Marquess". The family seat of Basing House was burnt to the ground by the Parliamentarians during the conflict. During this period, the courtesy title for the heirs apparent of the marquesses was Baron St John; that of Earl of Wiltshire does not seem to have been used, perhaps because of an unsubstantiated tradition that that title was surrendered upon the creation of the marquessate.[1] Another explanation could be possible embarrassment arising from the fact that his son Charles married Mary Scrope, whose father the 11th Lord Scrope of Bolton and 1st Earl of Sunderland, was the direct heir of the original Earl of Wiltshire, beheaded by Henry IV in 1399. The original "Earl of Wiltshire" title had been in abeyance since then.

He was succeeded by his son, the sixth marquess. The sixth marquess was a supporter of King William III and Queen Mary II and was rewarded for his support after the Glorious Revolution when he was created Duke of Bolton. He was succeeded by his son, the second duke, who, as heir apparent to the marquessate in 1675, was the first to adopt the courtesy title of Earl of Wiltshire.[2] The second Duke was a politician and notably served as Lord Chamberlain of the Household and as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. On his death the titles passed to his son, the third duke, who was also a politician. He was a Whig Member of Parliament and served as lord lieutenant of several counties. In 1717 he was meant to be summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron St John (of Basing). However, he was mistakenly summoned as Lord Pawlett of Basing and this inadvertently created a new barony.

However, the barony of Pawlett of Basing became extinct as he had no legitimate offspring while he was succeeded in the other titles by his younger brother, the fourth duke. He notably served as a Lord of the Admiralty and as lord lieutenant of both Hampshire and Glamorganshire. His eldest son, the fifth duke, was a member of Parliament and Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixth duke. He was an admiral of the White. The sixth duke had no sons and on his death in 1794 the dukedom became extinct. Most of the family estates passed to his niece Jean Mary Browne-Powlett, illegitimate daughter of the fifth duke. She was the wife of Thomas Orde, who assumed the additional surname of Powlett and was created Baron Bolton in 1797.

The sixth duke was succeeded in the Barony of St John, the Earldom of Wiltshire and the Marquessate of Winchester by his third cousin once removed George Paulet, who became the twelfth marquess. He was the great-grandson of Lord Henry Paulet, third son of the fourth marquess. He had earlier represented Winchester in Parliament. His son, the thirteenth marquess, was a member of Parliament for Truro and served as Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. In 1839 Lord Winchester assumed the additional surname of Burroughs. He was succeeded by his son, the fourteenth marquess. He was also Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. His son, the fifteenth marquess, was a major in the Coldstream Guards and was killed in action at the Battle of Magersfontein in 1899 during the Second Boer War. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixteenth marquess. He was Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire and Chairman of the Hampshire County Council. On his death in 1962 at the age of 99 the line of the fourteenth marquess failed.

He was succeeded by his first cousin twice removed, the seventeenth marquess. He was the great-grandson of the Reverend Lord Charles Paulet, second son of the thirteenth marquess. On the seventeenth marquess's death in 1968 this line of the family also failed and the title passed to the seventeenth marquess's first cousin once removed, the eighteenth marquess, who died in 2016. Lord Winchester lived in South Africa.

The surname of the later dukes of Bolton is usually spelled "Powlett" rather than "Paulet". This spelling continues to be used by the Orde-Powlett family.

The Marquessate of Winchester is the oldest English marquessate still in existence, and as a result the holder of the peerage is the premier marquess of England. The marquess of Winchester is also the only one in the peerage of England without a higher title; as all other marquesses in that peerage are also dukes.

Earl of Wiltshire is used as the courtesy title of Lord Winchester's eldest son and heir, while Lord Wiltshire's son and heir has the courtesy title Lord St John.

One of the main family seats was Basing House, near Old Basing, Hampshire.

## Marquesses of Winchester (1551)

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* William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester (died 1572)
* John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester (c. 1510–1576)
* William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester (c. 1535–1598)
* William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester (c. 1560–1628)
* John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester (c. 1598–1674)
* Charles Paulet, 6th Marquess of Winchester (died 1699) (created Duke of Bolton in 1689)

### Dukes of Bolton (1689)

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Heraldic achievement of "'Powlet Duke of Bolton", from The Peerage of England by Arthur Collins, 1768

* Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton (died 1699)
* Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton (1661–1722)
* Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton (1685–1754)
* Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton (1691–1759)
* Charles Powlett, 5th Duke of Bolton (died 1765)
* Harry Powlett, 6th Duke of Bolton (1720–1794)

* The line was continued by the descendants of the 5th duke's natural daughter whose husband (Thomas Orde) was created Baron Bolton in 1797.

### Marquesses of Winchester (1551; reverted)

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* George Paulet, 12th Marquess of Winchester (1722–1800)
* Charles Ingoldsby Paulet, 13th Marquess of Winchester (1765–1843)
* John Paulet, 14th Marquess of Winchester (1801–1887)
* Augustus John Henry Beaumont Paulet, 15th Marquess of Winchester (1858–1899)
* Henry William Montague Paulet, 16th Marquess of Winchester (1862–1962)
* Richard Charles Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester (1905–1968)
* Nigel George Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester (1941–2016)[3]
* Christopher John Hilton Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (born 1969)

## Present peer

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Christopher John Hilton Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (born 30 July 1969) is the son of the 18th Marquess and his wife Rosemary Anne Hilton. From birth until 2016 he was styled formally as Earl of Wiltshire. He was a guitarist with the pop group Wizard[dubious - discuss]. On 8 April 2016, he succeeded as Marquess of Winchester (1551), Earl of Wiltshire (1550), and Baron St. John (1539), all in the peerage of England.[4]

In 1992, he married Christine Town, daughter of Peter Town, and they have a son, Michael John Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire (born 1999), who is heir apparent to the peerages.[4]

### Line of succession

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Line of succession

* Charles Paulet, 13th Marquess of Winchester (1764–1843)
* Rev. Lord Charles Paulet (1802–1870)
* Charles William Paulet (1832–1897)
* Cecil Henry Paulet (1875–1916)
* George Cecil Paulet (1905–1961)
* Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester (1941–2016)
* Christopher Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (b. 1969)
* (1). Michael Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire (b. 1999)
* (2).Lord Richard George Paulet (b. 1971)
* (3).Timothy Guy Paulet (b. 1944)
* (4). Timothy Guy Paulet (b. 1975)
* (5). Michael Raoul Paulet (b. 1976)

[4]

## Arms

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Coat of arms of Marquess of Winchester  |

Coronet
Coronet of a Marquess
Crest
A Falcon displayed Or belled of the same and ducally collared Gules.
Escutcheon
Sable three Swords in pile points downwards proper pommelled and hilted Or.
Supporters
On either side a Hind Purpure semée of Estoiles and ducally gorged Or.
Motto
Aimez Loyaulté (Love loyalty).

|

## Family tree

[edit]

* v
* t
* e

Earls of Wiltshire, Marquesses of Winchester and Dukes of Bolton family tree

| Earl of Wiltshire (1st creation), 1139| | | | | | | | | | Earl of Wiltshire (1st creation recreated), after 1143
Earl of Salisbury (1st creation), 1145

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Hervey le Breton
c. 1110–1168
1st Earl of Wiltshire, Viscount of Léon| | | | | | | | | | Patrick of Salisbury
c. 1122–1168
1st Earl of Salisbury and Earl of Wiltshire
Earldom of Wiltshire (1st creation) lapsed, 1141| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | King Henry II
1133–1189| | Ida de Tosny
(d. after 1181)| | William of Salisbury
d. 1196
2nd Earl of Salisbury and Earl of Wiltshire

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | | | | | | | William Longespée
1176–1226
3rd Earl of Salisbury and Earl of Wiltshire jure uxoris| | Ela of Salisbury
1187–1261
3rd Countess of Salisbury and Countess of Wiltshire

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | William III Longespée
d. 1257
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Margaret Longespée
d. 1310
4th Countess of Salisbury and Countess of Wiltshire
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Alice de Lacy
1281–1348
4th Countess of Lincoln, 5th Countess of Salisbury and Countess of Wiltshire suo jure
| | | | Earl of Wiltshire (2nd creation), 1397| | | | | | Earldoms of Wiltshire (1st creation) and Salisbury (1st creation) forfeit, 1322
| | | | William Scrope
1350–1399
Earl of Wiltshire
| | | | Earldom of Wiltshire (2nd creation) forfeit, 1399
James Butler
1393–1452
Earl of Ormond| | | | | | Humphrey Stafford
1402–1460
Duke of Buckingham, Earl of Stafford
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Earl of Wiltshire (3rd creation), 1449| | | | | | | | | | | | Earl of Wiltshire (4th creation), 1470|
James Butler
1420–1461
Earl of Ormond, Earl of Wiltshire| | Thomas Butler
1426–1515
Earl of Ormond| | Humphrey Stafford
c. 1425–1458| | John Stafford
1427–1473
1st Earl of Wiltshire
Earldom of Wiltshire (3rd creation) forfeit, 1461| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Margaret Butler
c. 1454–1539| | Henry Stafford
1455–1483
Duke of Buckingham, Earl of Stafford| | Edward Stafford
1470–1499
2nd Earl of Wiltshire
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Earldom of Wiltshire (4th creation) extinct, 1499
Baron St John, 1539, Earl of Wiltshire (7th creation), 1550
Marquess of Winchester, 1551| | Earl of Wiltshire (6th creation), 1529| | Earl of Wiltshire (5th creation), 1510
William Paulet
c. 1483/1485–1572
1st Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | Thomas Boleyn
c. 1477–1539
Earl of Ormond, Earl of Wiltshire| | Henry Stafford
c. 1479–1523
Earl of Wiltshire
| | | | | Earldom of Wiltshire (6th creation) extinct, 1539| | Earldom of Wiltshire (5th creation) extinct, 1523|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
John Paulet
c. 1510–1576
2nd Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | Anne Boleyn
c. 1501–1536| | King Henry VIII
1491–1547| |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
William Paulet
c. 1532–1598
3rd Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | | | | | Queen Elizabeth I
1533–1603
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
William Paulet
c. 1560–1628
4th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
William Paulet
c. 1587/1588–1621
styled Earl of Wiltshire| | John Paulet
c. 1598–1674
5th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | Henry Paulet
d. 1672
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Duke of Bolton, 1689| | | | |
| | | | Charles Paulet
d. 1699
1st Duke of Bolton, 6th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | Francis Paulet
c. 1645–1695/1696
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Charles Paulet
1661–1722
2nd Duke of Bolton, 7th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | Norton Paulet
c. 1679–1741
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Charles Powlett
1685–1754
3rd Duke of Bolton, 8th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | Harry Powlett
1691–1759
4th Duke of Bolton, 9th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Charles Powlett
d. 1765
5th Duke of Bolton, 10th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | Harry Powlett
1720–1794
6th Duke of Bolton, 11th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | George Paulet
1722–1800
12th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire
| | | | Dukedom of Bolton extinct| | | | |
| | | | | | | | Charles Ingoldsby Paulet
1765–1843
13th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | John Paulet
1801–1887
14th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | Lord Charles Paulet
1802–1870
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | Augustus John Henry Beaumont Paulet
1858–1899
15th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | Henry William Montague Paulet
1862–1962
16th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | Charles William Paulet
1832–1897
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | Charles Standish Paulet
1873–1953| | Cecil Henry Paulet
1875–1916
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Richard Charles Paulet
1905–1968
17th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire| | George Cecil Paulet
1905–1961
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Nigel George Paulet
1941–2016
18th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Christopher John Hilton Paulet
b. 1969
19th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Michael John Paulet
b. 1999
styled Earl of Wiltshire
Heir apparent to the Marquessate

## See also

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The Stables and Two Famous Running Horses belonging to His Grace, the Duke of Bolton, by James Seymour, 1747

* Baron Bolton
* Earl Poulett
* Earl of Winchester
* Paulet baronets
* Bapsybanoo Pavry

## Notes

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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Marquess of Winchester" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

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1. ^ George Edward Cokayne (1898). Complete Peerage. Vol. 5\. pp. 172–175.
2. ^ Doyle, James William Edmund (1886). The Official Baronage of England, v. 1. London: Longmans, Green. p. 200\. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
3. ^ Legal Notices. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2023. `{{cite book}}`: `|website=` ignored (help)
4. ^ a b c Morris, Susan; Bosberry-Scott, Wendy; Belfield, Gervase, eds. (2019). "Winchester, Marquess of". Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (150th ed.). London: Debrett's Ltd. pp. 4805–4807. ISBN 978-1-999767-0-5-1.

## References

[edit]

* Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, [page needed]
* Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Winchester, Earls and Marquesses of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 703.
* Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages [self-published source] [better source needed]

* v
* t
* e

Extant marquessates in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

Sorted by (historical) entity at time of grant

England |

* Winchester

Scotland |

* Huntly
* Queensberry
* Tweeddale
* Lothian

Great Britain |

* Lansdowne
* Townshend
* Salisbury
* Bath
* Hertford
* Bute

Ireland |

* Waterford
* Downshire
* Donegall
* Headfort
* Sligo
* Ely
* Conyngham
* Londonderry

United Kingdom |

* Exeter
* Northampton
* Camden
* Anglesey
* Cholmondeley
* Ailesbury
* Bristol
* Ailsa
* Normanby
* Abergavenny
* Zetland
* Linlithgow
* Aberdeen and Temair
* Milford Haven
* Reading

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*[c.]: circa
*[d.]: died
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