Marten

Genus of mammals

For the bird family also known by the homophonous term "martin", see Swallow. For other uses, see Marten (disambiguation).

Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see Martens (disambiguation) and Martes (disambiguation).

Marten

Temporal range: Miocene–recent

PreꞒ

European pine marten (Martes martes)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Mammalia
Order:  | Carnivora
Family:  | Mustelidae
Subfamily:  | Guloninae
Genus:  | Martes
Pinel, 1792
Type species
Martes domestica[1]

Pinel, 1792 (= Mustela foina Erxleben, 1777)

Species

See text

Marten ranges:

* M. americana \+ caurina = cyan & teal
* M. flavigula = dark blue & sepia
* M. foina = rust, brown & sepia
* M. gwatkinsii
* M. martes = orange, rust & grass-green
* M. melampus = yellow
* M. zibellina = green & grass-green

A marten is a weasel-like mammal in the genus Martes within the subfamily Guloninae, in the family Mustelidae. They have bushy tails and large paws with partially retractile claws. The fur varies from yellowish to dark brown, depending on the species; it is valued by animal trappers for the fur trade. Martens are slender, agile animals, which are adapted to living in the taiga, and inhabit coniferous and northern deciduous forests across the Northern Hemisphere.

## Classification

[edit]

Results of DNA research indicate that the genus Martes is paraphyletic, with some studies placing Martes americana outside the genus and allying it with Eira and Gulo, to form a new New World clade.[2][3] The genus first evolved up to seven million years ago during the Miocene epoch.

Genus Martes  – Pinel, 1792 – eight species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

|
|
|
|

American marten

| Martes americana
(Turton, 1806)

Seven subspecies

* M. a. americana
* M. a. abieticola
* M. a. abietinoides
* M. a. actuosa
* M. a. atrata
* M. a. brumalis
* M. a. kenaiensis

| Arctic Alaska east to Newfoundland, south to New York
| Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  LC

Pacific marten

| Martes caurina
(Merriam, 1890)

Six subspecies

* M. c. caurina
* M. c. humboldtensis
* M. c. nesophila
* M. c. origensis
* M. c. sierrae
* M. c. vulpina

| Southeast Alaska to central California, east to northern New Mexico  | Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  LC

European pine marten

| Martes martes
(Linnaeus, 1758) | Europe and SW Asia, from Ireland in the west, eastward to the Urals and into Anatolia, Transcaucasia, Mesopotamia and northern Iran
| Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  LC

Beech marten

| Martes foina
(Erxleben, 1777)

Eleven subspecies

* M. foina foina
* M. foina bosniaca
* M. foina bunites
* M. foina kozlovi
* M. foina intermedia
* M. foina mediterranea
* M. foina milleri
* M. foina nehringi
* M. foina rosanowi
* M. foina syriaca
* M. foina toufoeus

| Spain and Portugal in the west, through Central and Southern Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia, extending as far east as the Altai and Tien Shan mountains and northwest China
| Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  LC

Yellow-throated marten

| Martes flavigula
Boddaert, 1785

Three subspecies

* M. f. flavigula (Boddaert, 1785)
* M. f. chrysospila (Pocock, 1936)
* M. f. robinsoni

| Afghanistan and Pakistan, in the Himalayas of India, Nepal and Bhutan, the Korean Peninsula, southern China, Taiwan and eastern Russia
| Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  LC

Nilgiri marten

| Martes gwatkinsii
(Horsfield, 1851) | Southern India
| Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  VU

Sable

| Martes zibellina
(Linnaeus, 1758) | Russia, Eastern Kazakhstan, China, North Korea and Hokkaidō, Japan
| Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  LC

Japanese marten

| Martes melampus
(Wagner, 1841)

Two subspecies

* M. m. melampus
* M. m. tsuensis

| Japan
| Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  LC

## Fossils

[edit]

Several fossil martens have been described, including:

* †Martes campestris (Pliocene)
* †Martes wenzensis (Pliocene)[4]
* †Martes vetus (Pleistocene)[5]

Another described fossil species, Martes nobilis from the Holocene, is now considered synonymous with the American marten.[6]

## Etymology

[edit]

The Modern English "marten" comes from the Middle English martryn, in turn borrowed from the Anglo-French martrine and Old French martre, itself from a Germanic source; cf. Old English mearþ, Old Norse mörðr, and Old High German and Yiddish מאַרדאַר mardar.

> marten (n.)

> agile, short-legged, bushy-tailed, medium-sized carnivorous mammal in the weasel family, largely nocturnal and found in forests across the colder parts of the northern hemisphere, c. 1300, martrin, "skin or fur of the marten," from Old French martrine "marten fur," noun use of fem. adjective martrin "of or pertaining to the marten," from martre "marten," from Frankish *martar or some other Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *marthuz (source also of Old Saxon marthrin "of or pertaining to the marten," Old Frisian merth, Middle Dutch maerter, Dutch marter, Old High German mardar, German Marder, Old English mearþ, Old Norse mörðr "marten").

> The ultimate etymology is unknown. Some suggest it is from PIE *martu- "bride," on some fancied resemblance. Or it might be a substrate word or a Germanic euphemism for the real name of the animal, which might have been taboo. In Middle English the animal itself typically was called marter, directly from Old French martre, but martrin took over this sense in English after c. 1400. The form marten is from late 16c., perhaps due to association with the masc. proper name Martin.[7]

## Ecology and behaviour

[edit]

Martens are solitary animals, meeting only to breed in late spring or early summer. Litters of up to five blind and nearly hairless kits are born in early spring. They are weaned after around two months, and leave the mother to fend for themselves at about three to four months of age.[8] They are omnivorous.[9]

### Spatial niche segregation

[edit]

The stone marten and the pine marten segregate spatially where they occur in sympatry. This spatial niche segregation is due to the differences regarding their food preferences, adaptability to cold climates and avoidance of predators.[10] The spatial niche segregation between stone and pine martens is also influenced by each species' habitat preferences and resource availability within specific ecosystems. Studies in Belarus show that the pine marten is more densely distributed in clay-rich, biodiverse woodlands, whereas the stone marten is adapted to habitats with greater resource limitations, such as sandy soils, where it relies more on seasonally available resources such as berries and carrion to meet its dietary needs.[11] In Ireland and Italy, the pine marten displays seasonal stability in home ranges within well-resourced habitats, suggesting that resource abundance can enhance spatial exclusivity and reduce direct competition between species.[12][13]

## In human culture

[edit]

### Canada

[edit]

The marten is populous in the northern Ontario community of Big Trout Lake. During the fur trade, commissioned by the Hudson Bay Company in the 18th and 19th centuries, the marten pelt was typically fashioned into mittens. The marten is still traded locally. The locals place a high value on this pelt, typically trading it for consumable goods.[citation needed]

### Croatia

[edit]

In the Middle Ages, marten pelts were highly valued goods used as a form of payment in Slavonia, the Croatian Littoral, and Dalmatia. The marturina was a form of tax named after this.[14] The banovac, a coin struck and used between 1235 and 1384, included the image of a marten. This is one of the reasons why the Croatian word for marten, kuna, was the name of the former Croatian currency.[15] A marten is depicted on the obverse of the 1-, 2-, and 5-kuna coins, minted since 1993, and on the reverse of the 25-kuna commemorative coins.[16] With adoption of euro as the national currency in 2023, a marten continues to be depicted on the obverse of the Croatian 1 euro coin.[17]

A running marten is shown on the coat of arms of Slavonia and subsequently on the modern design of the coat of arms of Croatia. The official seal of the Croatian Parliament from 1497 until the late 18th century had a similar design.[18][19]

### Finland

[edit]

The Finnish communications company Nokia derives its name, via the river Nokianvirta, from a type of marten locally known as the nokia.[20]

### Greece

[edit]

In the Illiad, the fleet-footed spy Dolon wore a marten-pelt cap.[citation needed]

### Italy

[edit]

The Latin word for helmet, galea, originally meant "marten pelt", although it is unclear whether early Romans wore these helmets for symbolical reasons or for their fine fur.[21]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
2. ^ Flynn JJ, Finarelli JA, Zehr S, Hsu J, Nedbal MA (2005). "Molecular phylogeny of the carnivora (mammalia): assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationships". Syst. Biol. 54 (2): 317–37\. doi:10.1080/10635150590923326. JSTOR 20061233. PMID 16012099.
3. ^ Koepfli KP; et al. (Feb 2008). "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation". BMC Biology. 6 (10): 10. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10. PMC 2276185. PMID 18275614.
4. ^ Samuels, J.X.; Cavin, J. (May 2012). "The earliest known fisher (Mustelidae), a new species from the Rattlesnake Formation of Oregon". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 448–454\. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.722155. S2CID 42079934.
5. ^ Marciszak, A.; Ambros, D.; Hilpert, B. (October 2021). "Mustelids from Sackdilling Cave (Bavaria, Germany) and their biostratigraphic significance". Geobios. 68: 83–107\. Bibcode:2021Geobi..68...83M. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.04.004. S2CID 236282824.
6. ^ Youngman, Phillip M.; Schueler, Frederick W. (1991). "Martes nobilis Is a Synonym of Martes americana, Not an Extinct Pleistocene-Holocene Species". Journal of Mammalogy. 72 (3): 567–577\. doi:10.2307/1382140. JSTOR 1382140.
7. ^ "Marten | Search Online Etymology Dictionary".
8. ^ "American Marten (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
9. ^ "marten | Size & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-09-14.
10. ^ Wereszczuk, A.; Zalewski, A. (2015). "Spatial niche segregation of sympatric Stone Marten and Pine Marten – Avoidance of competition or selection of optimal habitat?". PLoS One. 10 (10): e0139852. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1039852W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139852. PMC 4596623. PMID 26444280.
11. ^ Vladimirova, E.J.; Mozgovoy, J.P. (2010). "Winter ecology of the pine marten (Martes martes L.) in the Volga floodplain opposite Samara". Russian Journal of Ecology. 41 (4): 333–339\. doi:10.1134/S1067413610040090.
12. ^ Bartolommei, M. P.; Cozzolino, R. (2016). "Seasonal spatial behaviour of pine marten Martes martes in a deciduous oak forest of central Italy". Mammal Research. 61 (4): 319–326\. doi:10.1007/s13364-016-0278-9.
13. ^ O'Mahony, D.T. (2014). "Socio-spatial ecology of pine marten (Martes martes) in conifer forests, Ireland". Acta Theriologica. 59 (2): 251–256\. doi:10.1007/s13364-013-0167-4.
14. ^ Granic, Stan (2008-12-22). "From Fur Money to Modern Currency: The Kuna". Review of Croatian History. IV (1): 87–109\. ISSN 1845-4380.
15. ^ Croatian National Bank. First Money — History of the Croatian Currency Archived 2011-06-22 at the Wayback Machine: Kuna and lipa — the Croatian Currency. – Retrieved on 31 March 2009.
16. ^ Croatian National Bank. Kuna and Lipa, Coins of Croatia Archived 2009-06-22 at the Wayback Machine: 1 Kuna Coin Archived 2009-06-22 at the Wayback Machine, 2 Kuna Coin Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine, 5 Kuna Coin Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine, & Commemorative 25 Kuna Coins in Circulation Archived 2018-02-01 at the Wayback Machine. – Retrieved on 31 March 2009.
17. ^ "Euro coins with the national side of the Republic of Croatia". Croatian National Bank. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
18. ^ Mario Jareb (2010). Hrvatski nacionalni simboli (Eng.: Croatian National Symbols). ISBN 9789532972306.
19. ^ Ivan Bojničić-Kninski – Grbovnica kraljevine "Slavonije", (1895) – PDF (in Croatian).
20. ^ Story of Nokia, retrieved on the 17 July 2013
21. ^ Speidel, Michael P. (2008). Ancient Germanic warriors : warrior styles from Trajan's Column to Icelandic sagas. Routledge. ISBN 9780415486828. OCLC 632066572.

## External links

[edit]

* Data related to Martes at Wikispecies
* Media related to Martes at Wikimedia Commons

* v
* t
* e

Extant Carnivora species

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Infraclass: Eutheria
* Superorder: Laurasiatheria

Feliformia ("cat-like" carnivorans)

Feliformia

* African palm civet (Nandinia binotata)

Feloidea

| Prionodon (Asiatic linsangs)|

* Banded linsang (P. linsang)
* Spotted linsang (P. pardicolor)

|

Felidae (cats)

| Pantherinae|

| Neofelis|

* Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi)
* Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa)

|

Panthera|

* Snow leopard (P. uncia)
* Tiger (P. tigris)
* Jaguar (P. onca)
* Lion (P. leo)
* Leopard (P. pardus)

Felinae sensu stricto

| Bay cat
lineage|

| Pardofelis|

* Marbled cat (P. marmorata)

|

Catopuma|

* Bay cat (C. badia)
* Asian golden cat (C. temminckii)

Caracal
lineage|

* Serval (Leptailurus serval)

Caracal|

* African golden cat (C. aurata)
* Caracal (C. caracal)

Leopardus|

* Pampas cat (L. colocola)
* Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi)
* Kodkod (L. guigna)
* Southern tiger cat (L. guttulus)
* Andean mountain cat (L. jacobita)
* Ocelot (L. pardalis)
* Oncilla (L. tigrinus)
* Margay (L. wiedii)

Lynx|

* Canada lynx (L. canadensis)
* Eurasian lynx (L. lynx)
* Iberian lynx (L. pardinus)
* Bobcat (L. rufus)

Puma
lineage|

| Acinonyx|

* Cheetah (A. jubatus)

|

* Jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi)

Puma|

* Cougar (P. concolor)

Leopard cat
lineage|

* Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul)

Prionailurus|

* Leopard cat (P. bengalensis)
* Sunda leopard cat (P. javanensis)
* Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps)
* Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus)
* Fishing cat (P. viverrinus)

Felis|

* Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti)
* Domestic cat (F. catus)
* Jungle cat (F. chaus)
* African wildcat (F. lybica)
* Sand cat (F. margarita)
* Black-footed cat (F. nigripes)
* European wildcat (F. silvestris)

Viverroidea|

*     * see below↓

Viverroidea

Viverridae

Palm civets

| Hemigalinae|

* Owston's palm civet (Chrotogale owstoni)
* Otter civet (Cynogale bennettii)
* Hose's palm civet (Diplogale hosei)
* Banded palm civet (Hemigalus derbyanus)

|

Paradoxurinae|

* Binturong (Arctictis binturong)
* Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata)
* Sulawesi palm civet (Macrogalidia musschenbroekii)
* Masked palm civet (Paguma larvata)

Paradoxurus|

* Asian palm civet (P. hermaphroditus)
* Brown palm civet (P. jerdoni)
* Golden palm civet (P. zeylonensis)

Viverrinae sensu lato

| Viverrinae
sensu stricto|

* Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica)
* African civet (Civettictis civetta)

Viverra|

* Malabar large-spotted civet (V. civettina)
* Large-spotted civet (V. megaspila)
* Malayan civet (V. tangalunga)
* Large Indian civet (V. zibetha)

Genettinae

| Poiana
(African linsangs)|

* Central African oyan (P. richardsonii)
* West African oyan (P. leightoni)

|

Genetta (genets)

| subgenus Genetta
(paraphyletic)|

* Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica)
* Common genet (G. genetta)
* South African small-spotted genet (G. felina)

|

subgenus Eugenetta
(paraphyletic)|

* Angolan genet (G. angolensis)
* Cape genet (G. tigrina)

subgenus Herpailuropoda
(paraphyletic)|

* Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni)
* Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni)
* Hausa genet (G. thierryi)
* Giant forest genet (G. victoriae)

subgenus Pardogale
(paraphyletic)|

* Pardine genet (G. pardina)
* King genet (G. poensis)

subgenus Prionailuropoda|

* Letaba genet (G. letabae)
* Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata)
* Schouteden's genet (G. schoutedeni)

subgenus Leptailuropoda
(paraphyletic)|

* Crested servaline genet (G. cristata)
* Servaline genet (G. servalina)

subgenus Osbornictis|

* Aquatic genet (G. piscivora)

| Herpestoidea|

*     * see below↓

|

Herpestoidea

| Hyaenidae
(hyenas)|

| Proteles|

* Aardwolf (P. cristata)

|

Hyaeninae
(bone-crushing hyenas)|

* Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena)
* Brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea)

Crocuta|

* Spotted hyena (C. crocuta)

Herpestidae sensu lato

| Eupleridae
(Malagasy
carnivorans)|

| Euplerinae
(Malagasy civets)|

* Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox)
* Malagasy civet (Fossa fossana)

Eupleres (falanoucs)|

* Eastern falanouc (E. goudotii)
* Western falanouc (E. major)

Galidiinae
(vontsira)|

* Ring-tailed vontsira (Galidia elegans)

Galidictis|

* Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (G. fasciata)
* Grandidier's mongoose (G. grandidieri)

* Narrow-striped mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata)

Salanoia|

* Brown-tailed mongoose (S. concolor)
* Durrell's vontsira (S. durrelli)

Herpestidae sensu stricto (mongooses)

Mungotinae

| Suricata|

* Meerkat (S. suricatta)

|

* Liberian mongoose (Liberiictus kuhni)

Mungos|

* Gambian mongoose (M. gambianus)
* Banded mongoose (M. mungo)

* Pousargues's mongoose (Dologale dybowskii)

Helogale|

* Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (H. hirtula)
* Common dwarf mongoose (H. parvula)

Crossarchus
(kusimanses)|

* Alexander's kusimanse (C. alexandri)
* Angolan kusimanse (C. ansorgei)
* Common kusimanse (C. obscurus)
* Flat-headed kusimanse (C. platycephalus)

Herpestinae

* Marsh mongoose (Atilax paludinosus)
* Long-nosed mongoose (Xenogale naso)

Urva
(Asian mongooses)|

* Small Indian mongoose (U. auropunctata)
* Short-tailed mongoose (U. brachyura)
* Indian grey mongoose (U. edwardsii)
* Indian brown mongoose (U. fusca)
* Javan mongoose (U. javanica)
* Collared mongoose (U. semitorquata)
* Ruddy mongoose (U. smithii)
* Crab-eating mongoose (U. urva)
* Stripe-necked mongoose (U. vitticolla)

* White-tailed mongoose (Ichneumia albicauda)
* Yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata)
* Selous's mongoose (Paracynictis selousi)
* Meller's mongoose (Rhynchogale melleri)

Bdeogale|

* Bushy-tailed mongoose (B. crassicauda)
* Jackson's mongoose (B. jacksoni)
* Black-footed mongoose (B. nigripes)

Herpestes
(slender mongooses)|

* Angolan slender mongoose (H. flavescens)
* Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon)
* Somalian slender mongoose (H. ochracea)
* Cape gray mongoose (H. pulverulenta)
* Common slender mongoose (H. sanguinea)

Caniformia ("dog-like" carnivorans)

Canidae (dogs)

| Urocyon|

* Gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus)
* Island fox (U. littoralis)

|

Vulpini

* Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis)

Nyctereutes
(raccoon dogs)|

* Common raccoon dog (N. procyonoides)
* Japanese raccoon dog (N. viverrinus)

Vulpes
(true foxes)|

* Bengal fox (V. bengalensis)
* Blanford's fox (V. cana)
* Cape fox (V. chama)
* Corsac fox (V. corsac)
* Tibetan fox (V. ferrilata)
* Arctic fox (V. lagopus)
* Kit fox (V. macrotis)
* Pale fox (V. pallida)
* Rüppell's fox (V. rueppelli)
* Swift fox (V. velox)
* Red fox (V. vulpes)
* Fennec fox (V. zerda)

Canini (true dogs)

Cerdocyonina
(zorro)

* Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Speothos|

* Bush dog (S. venaticus)

* Short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis)
* Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)

Lycalopex
(South American foxes)|

* Culpeo (L. culpaeus)
* Darwin's fox (L. fulvipes)
* South American gray fox (L. griseus)
* Pampas fox (L. gymnocercus)
* Sechuran fox (L. sechurae)
* Hoary fox (L. vetulus)

Canina
(wolf-like canids)

| Lupulella|

* Side-striped jackal (L. adustus)
* Black-backed jackal (L. mesomelas)

|

Lycaon|

* African wild dog (L. pictus)

* Dhole (Cuon alpinus)

Canis|

* Golden jackal (C. aureus)
* Domestic dog (C. familiaris)
* Coyote (C. latrans)
* African wolf (C. lupaster)
* Wolf (C. lupus)
* Eastern wolf (C. lycaon)
* Red wolf (C. rufus)
* Ethiopian wolf (C. simensis)

Arctoidea

Ursidae (bears)

| Ailuropoda|

* Giant panda (A. melanoleuca)

|

Tremarctos|

* Spectacled bear (T. ornatus)

Ursinae|

* Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus)
* Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)

Ursus|

* American black bear (U. americanus)
* Asian black bear (U. thibetanus)
* Brown bear (U. arctos)
* Polar bear (U. maritimus)

| Mustelida|

| Pinnipedia (seals)|

*     * see below↓

|

Musteloidea|

*     * see below↓

Pinnipedia (seals)

| Odobenidae|

* Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)

|

Otariidae (eared seals)

| Callorhinus
(northern fur seals)|

* Northern fur seal (C. ursinus)

|

Otariinae
(sea lions)|

* Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus)

Zalophus|

* California sea lion (Z. californianus)
* Galápagos sea lion (Z. wollebaeki)

* South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)

Neophoca|

* Australian sea lion (N. cinerea)

* New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri)

Arctocephalus
(southern fur seals)|

* South American fur seal (A. australis)
* Australasian fur seal (A. forsteri)
* Galápagos fur seal (A. galapagoensis)
* Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella)
* Juan Fernández fur seal (A. philippii)
* Brown fur seal (A. pusillus)
* Guadalupe fur seal (A. townsendi)
* Subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis)

Phocidae (earless seals or true seals)

Phocinae
("northern seals")

* Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus)
* Hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)

Phocini

* Harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus)
* Ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata)
* Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)

Phoca|

* Spotted seal (P. largha)
* Harbor seal (P. vitulina)

Pusa|

* Caspian seal (P. caspica)
* Ringed seal (P. hispida)
* Baikal seal (P. sibirica)

Monachinae
("southern seals")

| Monachini
(monk seals)|

* Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus)

Neomonachus|

* Hawaiian monk seal (N. schauinslandi)

Mirounga
(elephant seals)|

* Northern elephant seal (M. angustirostris)
* Southern elephant seal (M. leonina)

Lobodontini
(Antarctic seals)|

* Leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx)
* Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)
* Crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus)
* Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossi)

Musteloidea

| Ailuridae|

* Red panda (Ailurus fulgens)

|

Mephitidae (skunks)

| Conepatus
(hog-nosed skunks)|

* Molina's hog-nosed skunk (C. chinga)
* Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (C. humboldtii)
* American hog-nosed skunk (C. leuconotus)
* Striped hog-nosed skunk (C. semistriatus)

|

Mephitis|

* Hooded skunk (M. macroura)
* Striped skunk (M. mephitis)

Mydaus
(stink badgers)|

* Sunda stink badger (M. javanensis)
* Palawan stink badger (M. marchei)

Spilogale
(spotted skunks)|

* Southern spotted skunk (S. angustifrons)
* Western spotted skunk (S. gracilis)
* Eastern spotted skunk (S. putorius)
* Pygmy spotted skunk (S. pygmaea)

Procyonidae

* Kinkajou (Potos flavus)

Bassariscus|

* Ringtail (B. astutus)
* Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)

Procyon
(raccoons)|

* Crab-eating raccoon (P. cancrivorus)
* Raccoon (P. lotor)
* Cozumel raccoon (P. pygmaeus)

Bassaricyon
(olingos)|

* Eastern lowland olingo (B. alleni)
* Northern olingo (B. gabbii)
* Western lowland olingo (B. medius)
* Olinguito (B. neblina)

Nasuina
(coatis)|

| Nasua|

* White-nosed coati (N. narica)
* South American coati (N. nasua)

|

Nasuella
(mountain coatis)|

* Eastern mountain coati (N. meridensis)
* Western mountain coati (N. olivacea)

| Mustelidae|

*     * see below↓

|

Mustelidae

Mustelidae

* American badger (Taxidea taxus)

Mellivora|

* Honey badger (M. capensis)

Melinae

| Arctonyx
(hog badgers)|

* Northern hog badger (A. albogularis)
* Greater hog badger (A. collaris)
* Sumatran hog badger (A. hoevenii)

|

Meles
(Eurasian badgers)|

* Japanese badger (M. anakuma)
* Caucasian badger (M. canescens)
* Asian badger (M. leucurus)
* European badger (M. meles)

Melogale
(ferret-badgers)|

* Vietnam ferret-badger (M. cucphuongensis)
* Bornean ferret badger (M. everetti)
* Chinese ferret-badger (M. moschata)
* Javan ferret-badger (M. orientalis)
* Burmese ferret-badger (M. personata)
* Formosan ferret-badger (M. subaurantiaca)

Guloninae

* Tayra (Eira barbara)

Pekania|

* Fisher (P. pennanti)

Gulo|

* Wolverine (G. gulo)

Martes
(martens)|

* American marten (M. americana)
* Pacific marten (M. caurina)
* Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula)
* Beech marten (M. foina)
* Nilgiri marten (M. gwatkinsii)
* European pine marten (M. martes)
* Japanese marten (M. melampus)
* Sable (M. zibellina)

Ictonychinae

| Lyncodontini|

* Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus)

Galictis
(grisons)|

* Lesser grison (G. cuja)
* Greater grison (G. vittata)

Ictonychini
(African polecats)|

| Vormela|

* Marbled polecat (V. peregusna)

|

* African striped weasel (Poecilogale albinucha)

Ictonyx|

* Saharan striped polecat (I. libycus)
* Striped polecat (I. striatus)

Lutrinae (otters)

* Giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)

Lontra|

* North American river otter (L. canadensis)
* Marine otter (L. felina)
* Neotropical otter (L. longicaudis)
* Southern river otter (L. provocax)

Enhydra|

* Sea otter (E. lutris)

* Spotted-necked otter (Hydrictis maculicollis)

Lutra|

* Eurasian otter (L. lutra)
* Hairy-nosed otter (L. sumatrana)

Lutrogale|

* Smooth-coated otter (L. perspicillata)

Aonyx|

* African clawless otter (A. capensis)
* Asian small-clawed otter (A. cinereus)
* Congo clawless otter (A. congicus)

Mustelinae

| Neogale
(New World weasels)|

* Amazon weasel (N. africana)
* Colombian weasel (N. felipei)
* Long-tailed weasel (N. frenata)
* American mink (N. vison)

|

Mustela
(weasels)

| subgenus Mustela
(paraphyletic)|

* Sichuan weasel (M. aistoodonnivalis)
* Mountain weasel (M. altaica)
* Stoat/Beringian ermine (M. erminea)
* Haida ermine (M. haidarum)
* Yellow-bellied weasel (M. kathiah)
* Least weasel (M. nivalis)
* American ermine (M. richardsonii)

|

subgenus Lutreola
(paraphyletic)|

* Japanese weasel (M. itatsi)
* European mink (M. lutreola)
* Indonesian mountain weasel (M. lutreolina)
* Malayan weasel (M. nudipes)
* Siberian weasel (M. sibirica)
* Back-striped weasel (M. strigidorsa)

subgenus Putorius|

* Steppe polecat (M. eversmannii)
* Ferret (M. furo)
* Black-footed ferret (M. nigripes)
* European polecat (M. putorius)

* See also: Mink
* Polecat

* v
* t
* e

Genera of red pandas, raccoons, skunks, mustelids and their extinct allies

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Order: Carnivora

Musteloidea

Musteloidea

* †Peignictis
* †Plesiogale

Ailuridae|

| Ailurinae|

* Ailurus
* †Magerictis
* †Parailurus
* †Pristinailurus

|

†Amphictinae|

* Amphictis

†Simocyoninae|

* Actiocyon
* Alopecocyon
* Protursus
* Simocyon

Mephitidae|

* †Brachyprotoma
* Conepatus
* Mephitis
* Mydaus
* †Palaeomephitis
* †Promephitis
* Spilogale

Procyonidae|

* †Amphinasua
* †Angustictis
* †Arctonasua
* Bassaricyon
* Bassariscus
* †Bassaricynoides
* †Chapalmalania
* †Cyonasua
* †Edaphocyon
* Nasua
* Nasuella
* †Parahyaenodon
* †Paranasua
* †Parapotos
* †Probassariscus
* Procyon
* †Protoprocyon
* Potos
* †Tetraprothomo

Mustelidae

Mustelidae

* †Acheronictis
* †Aragonictis
* †Arikarictis
* †Circamustela
* †Erokomellivora
* †Franconictis
* †Kenyalutra
* †Kinometaxia
* †Laphyctis
* †Luogale
* †Marcetia
* †Matanomictis
* †Melidellavus
* †Mellalictis
* †Mesomephitis
* †Miomustela
* †Namibictis
* †Oaxacagale
* †Palaeomeles
* †Paragale
* †Parataxidea
* †Perunium
* †Plesictis
* †Plesiogale
* †Plesiomeles
* †Prepoecilogale
* †Presictis
* †Promellivora
* †Proputorius
* †Pyctis
* †Sabadellictis
* †Semantor
* †Sinictis
* †Sivalictis
* †Skopelogale
* †Sonitictis
* †Taxodon
* †Trochotherium
* †Xenictis
* †Zorilla

Guloninae|

* †Canimartes
* Eira
* †Ferinestrix
* Gulo
* †Iberictis
* †Ischyrictis
* Martes
* Pekania
* †Plesiogulo
* †Plionictis
* †Sthenictis

Helictidinae|

* Melogale

Ictonychinae|

* †Baranogale
* †Brevimalictis
* †Cernictis
* †Eirictis
* †Enhydrictis
* Galictis
* Ictonyx
* †Lutravus
* Lyncodon
* †Martellictis
* †Negodiaetictis
* †Oriensictis
* †Pannonictis
* †Poecilictis
* Poecilogale
* †Sminthosinis
* †Stipanicicia
* †Trigonictis
* †Trochictis
* Vormela

Lutrinae|

* †Algarolutra
* Aonyx
* †Cyrnaonyx
* †Cyrnolutra
* †Djourabus
* Enhydra
* †Enhydriodon
* †Enhydritherium
* Hydrictis
* †Limnonyx
* Lontra
* Lutra
* †Lutraeximia
* †Lutrictis
* Lutrogale
* †Megalenhydris
* †Megencephalon
* †Melodon
* †Mionictis
* †Nesolutra
* †Paludolutra
* †Paralutra
* †Pelycictis
* Pteronura
* †Sardolutra
* †Satherium
* †Siamogale
* †Sivaonyx
* †Teruelictis
* †Torolutra
* †Tyrrhenolutra
* †Vishnuonyx

†Leptarctinae|

* Craterogale
* Leptarctus
* Trocharion

Melinae|

* †Arctomeles
* Arctonyx
* Meles
* †Promeles

Mellivorinae|

* †Ekorus
* †Eomellivora
* †Hoplictis
* Mellivora
* †Moralesictis

†Mustelavinae|

* Mustelavus

Mustelinae|

* †Dinogale
* †Lartetictis
* †Legionarictis
* Mustela
* Neogale
* †Tisisthenes

†Oligobuninae|

* Brachypsalis
* Corumictis
* Floridictis
* Megalictis
* Oligobunis
* Parabrachypsalis
* Paroligobunis
* Promartes
* Zodiolestes

Taxidiinae|

* †Chamitataxus
* †Pliotaxidea
* Taxidea

Taxon identifiers

Martes|

* Wikidata: Q26533
* Wikispecies: Martes
* ADW: Martes
* BOLD: 3993
* EoL: 34549
* EPPO: 1MRTSG
* Fauna Europaea: 305306
* Fauna Europaea (new): 92b4d7bc-c293-47af-a4e9-ad0cfb6422c7
* GBIF: 2433765
* iNaturalist: 41790
* ITIS: 180558
* MSW: 14001203
* NBN: NBNSYS0000134898
* NCBI: 9658
* Open Tree of Life: 348045
* Paleobiology Database: 41126

Authority control databases

National|

* Germany
* Czech Republic

Other|

* Yale LUX

*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[†]: Extinct