Mass graves in Iraq

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Human remains found in at a mass grave site in Iraqi Kurdistan, July 15, 2005

Mass graves in Iraq are characterized as unmarked sites containing at least six bodies. Some can be identified by mounds of earth piled above the ground or as deep pits that appear to have been filled. Some older graves are more difficult to identify, having been covered by vegetation and debris over time. Sites have been discovered in all regions of the country and contain members of every major religious and ethnic group in Iraq as well as foreign nationals, including Kuwaitis and Saudis.[1]

## Background

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Several entities and groups have deployed mass graves to cover up the Extrajudicial killing of civilians, enemy combatants, and rival factions in various civil conflicts. Under the rule of Saddam Hussein, mass graves were used to bury Iranian soldiers who were killed on Iraqi territory. It was also used during the same time period on Kurds in the north of Iraq during the Anfal Campaign.[2] It was then widely used to bury civilians, protesters, defectors, and armed resistance groups that participated in the 1991 Iraqi uprisings[3]

In the span of 21 years of searching, 3115 bodies from the 1991 Iraqi uprisings have been found in total[4] and 605-755 bodies from the Anfal campaign have been found in total.[5][6][7]

Mass graves continued to be used following the fall of the regime in 2003. They were used by various factions that committed mass murder during the Iraqi Civil War[8] They were then used by ISIS as they massacred civilians during the time where they controlled Iraqi territory. It is estimated that 200 mass graves are in the city of Mosul alone due to the group's actions.[9]

## List of Mass graves unearthed in Iraq

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This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2024)

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Following the fall of the Baath regime, efforts were made by both Iraqi authorities and international organizations to uncover mass graves in Iraq.[10] Several US Senate committee investigations have been held to examine this topic.[11]

List of Saddam-era Mass graves in Iraq  Remains Found | Location | Year found | Timeframe which grave was dug | Notes

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113 | Samawah | 2005 | 1980-1988 | Victims were Kurds; most of whom were women, children and teenagers[5]
492 | Al Diwaniyah | 2011 | 1988 | Victims were Kurds, likely part of the Anfal campaign[6]
3,115 | Al-Mahawil | 2003 | 1991 | A collection of three mass graves in the southern part of Iraq. This happened during the 1991 uprising where most of the victims were likely Shia'a Muslims.[4]
150+ | Samawah | 2024 | ?? | Victims were identified as women and children wearing Kurdish style clothing.[7]
List of Post-Saddam Mass graves in Iraq  Remains Found | Location | Year found | Timeframe which grave was dug | Notes

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22 | Karbala | 2008 | 2007 | Victims were Shepherds who were reported missing in 2007[12]
10 | Al-Mahawil | 2019 | 2014 | The remains of ten people who were abducted and murdered in 2015. The identity of the victims has never been published.[13]
12 | Fallujah | 2007 | 2006 | Most of the victims have no IDs, but officials have said they were likely abducted and murdered by insurgents, one was a paramedic.[14]

## Popular culture

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The 2014 film The Blue Man,[15] which is related to The New York Times article titled "Uncovering Iraq's Horrors in Desert Graves"[16] written by John F. Burns, is about The Blue Man mass grave located in Al-Mahawil.

## See also

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* Human rights in post-invasion Iraq
* Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
* Human rights in ISIL-controlled territory

## References

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1. ^ "Mass Graves of Iraq: Uncovering Atrocities". govinfo.library.unt.edu.
2. ^ "Iraq Unearths Mass Graves Believed to Contain Kurds Slain in 1987-88". Voice of America. July 25, 2019.
3. ^ "Iraqis still haunted by Saddam-era disappearances after his fall". Al Jazeera.
4. ^ a b "The Mass Graves of al-Mahawil". Human Rights Watch. May 28, 2003.
5. ^ a b Knickmeyer, Ellen (2005-04-30). "113 Kurds Are Found In Mass Grave". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
6. ^ a b "العثور على مقبرة جماعية جنوبي العراق - قناة العالم الاخبارية".
7. ^ a b "Mass grave containing dozens of Kurds unearthed in southern Iraq". Retrieved 22 December 2024.
8. ^ "Torture house, mass graves discovered in Iraq - CNN.com". www.cnn.com.
9. ^ "From Saddam to IS: Iraq still exhuming mass graves".
10. ^ "ICMP supports Iraqi authorities in uncovering mass grave near Badoush Prison linked to 2014 Da'esh crimes". March 19, 2020.
11. ^ Saddam Hussein killer file Archived 2007-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
12. ^ "Iraq finds 22 bodies dumped in mass grave". Reuters. October 15, 2008.
13. ^ "العثور على مقبرة جماعية في المحاويل شمال بابل". nbanews.net.
14. ^ "12 bodies add to toll near lake in Anbar". NBC News. December 3, 2007.
15. ^ "The Blue Man (2014) - IMDb". IMDb.
16. ^ Burns, John F. (June 6, 2006). "Uncovering Iraq's Horrors in Desert Graves". The New York Times.

## External links

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* In Saddam's killing fields, BBC News, 14 May 2003
* Mass Graves of Iraq: Uncovering Atrocities, United States Department of State, December 19, 2003
* Babies found in Iraqi mass grave, BBC News, 13 October 2004
* Iraq: State of the Evidence - Photographs: Mass Graves and Documentary Evidence of Crimes from Saddam Hussein's Regime, Human Rights Watch
* Iraq's Legacy of Terror: Mass Graves, USAID
* Mass Graves: Iraq
* Pictures of mass graves being exhumed in Iraq
* Fact Sheet - Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor and Bureau of Public Affairs