Matzah

Unleavened flatbread in Jewish cuisine; an element of the Passover festival

"Matza" redirects here. For other uses, see Matza (disambiguation).

Matzah

Machine-made matzot from Jerusalem

Alternative names| Matzo, matza
Type| Flatbread

*   Media: Matzah

Matzah plate with an inscription of the blessing over the matzah Handmade Shemurah Matzah Matzah Shemurah worked with machine for Passover

Matzah, matzo, or maẓẓah[1] (Hebrew: מַצָּה, romanized: maṣṣā, pl.: matzot or Ashk. matzos) is an unleavened flatbread that is part of Jewish cuisine and forms an integral element of the Passover festival, during which chametz (leaven and five grains deemed by Jewish law to be self-leavening) is forbidden.[2]

According to the Torah, God commanded the Israelites[3] (modernly, Jews and Samaritans) to eat only unleavened bread during the seven-day Passover festival. Matzah can be either soft like a pita[4] or a crisp variety, widely produced commercially because of its long shelf life. The soft matzah only keeps for a day or so unless frozen; very limited commercial production, only in the period leading up to Passover, is available. Some versions of the crisp type are available all year.

Matzah meal and matzah cake meal is crisp matzah that has been ground. The cake meal has a very fine near flour-like consistency, useful in baking, while the standard matzah meal is somewhat coarser and used in cooking. Matzah meal is used to make matzah balls (kneidles/kneidlach), the principal ingredient of kneydlach soup (often translated as "matzah ball soup"). Sephardic Jews typically cook with matzah itself rather than matzah meal.[2]

Matzah that is kosher for Passover is limited in Ashkenazi tradition to plain matzah made from flour and water. The flour may be made from whole or refined grain, but must be made from one of five grains: wheat, spelt, barley, rye, or oat. Some Sephardic communities allow matzah to be made with eggs or fruit juice to be used throughout the holiday, while Ashkenazi Jews do not use such matzah on Passover, except in special circumstances, as for the sick and elderly.[5]

## Biblical sources

[edit]

Matzah is mentioned in the Torah several times in relation to The Exodus from Egypt:

> That night, they are to eat the meat, roasted in the fire; they are to eat it with matzo and maror.

> — Exodus 12:8

> From the evening of the fourteenth day of the first month until the evening of the twenty-first day, you are to eat matzo.

> — Exodus 12:18

> You are not to eat any chametz with it; for seven days you are to eat with it matzo, the bread of affliction; for you came out of the land of Egypt in haste. Thus you will remember the day you left the land of Egypt as long as you live.

> — Deuteronomy 16:3

> For six days you are to eat matzo; on the seventh day there is to be a festive assembly for Hashem your God; do not do any kind of work.

> — Deuteronomy 16:8

## Religious significance

[edit]

There are numerous explanations behind the symbolism of matzah:

* Passover is a commemoration of the exodus from Egypt. The biblical narrative relates that the Israelites left Egypt in such haste they could not wait for their bread dough to rise; the bread, when baked, was matzah.[6]

* Matzah symbolizes redemption and freedom, but it is also called lechem oni, "poor man's bread".[7] Thus it serves as a reminder to be humble, and to not forget what life was like in servitude. Also, leaven symbolizes corruption and pride as leaven "puffs up". Eating the "bread of affliction" is both a lesson in humility and an act that enhances the appreciation of freedom.

* The Passover sacrifice was once required to be eaten together with matzah (and maror).[8] Since the destruction of the Temple this sacrifice is not offered, but the final matzah eaten at the seder is considered a reminder of the Passover sacrifice.[9] This matzah is called afikoman, and many explain it as a symbol of salvation in the future. The Passover Seder meal is full of symbols of salvation, including the closing line, "Next year in Jerusalem", but the use of matzah is the oldest symbol of salvation in the Seder.[10]

* Ancient Egypt was the first culture to produce leavened bread, and leavened bread was a symbol of Egyptian culture. Thus, the prohibition on eating leaven served as a rejection of ancient Egyptian culture.[11][12]

* In ancient Israel, the barley harvest took place around Passover, while the wheat harvest took place several weeks later. Thus, poor people would eat barley around Passover (since that was the only food they possessed), while rich people would eat stored-up wheat. Since barley does not ferment well, the food of the poor would typically be unleavened. The requirement for everyone to eat unleavened bread at Passover promotes social equality, by forcing the rich and poor to eat the same kind of food as they celebrate the holiday together.[13]

## Ingredients

[edit]

MatzoNutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy| 1,653 kJ (395 kcal)

Carbohydrates

83.70 g

Fat

1.40 g

Protein

10.00 g

Vitamins and minerals

Vitamins| Quantity

%DV†

Vitamin A| 0 IU
Thiamine (B1)|

32%

0.387 mg
Riboflavin (B2)|

22%

0.291 mg
Niacin (B3)|

24%

3.892 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)|

0.443 mg
Vitamin B6|

0.115 mg
Folate (B9)|

17.1 μg
Minerals| Quantity

%DV†

Calcium|

13 mg
Iron|

18%

3.16 mg
Magnesium|

25 mg
Manganese|

28%

0.650 mg
Phosphorus|

89 mg
Potassium|

112 mg
Sodium|

0 mg
Zinc|

0.68 mg
Other constituents| Quantity
Water| 4.30 g

* * *

(Values are for matzo made with enriched flour)

†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[14] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[15]

At the Passover seder, simple matzah made of flour and water is mandatory for all. The flour must be ground from one of the five grains specified in Jewish law for Passover matzah: wheat, barley, spelt, rye or oat. Ashkenazic, but not Sephardi, tradition, requires that matzah made with the addition of wine, fruit juice, onion, garlic, etc., may not be used during the Passover festival except by the elderly or unwell.[16][5]

Non-Passover matzah is not subject to ritual requirements and may use any kosher ingredients.

### Gluten-free preparations

[edit]

People who suffer from coeliac disease cannot safely eat cereals containing gluten; the only one of the permitted five grains (wheat, barley, oat, spelt, and rye) without gluten is oat. However, some authorities have expressed doubt about whether oat is truly one of the five grains, or whether it resulted from a historical mistranslation.[17] Some manufacturers produce gluten-free matzah-lookalikes made from potato starch, tapioca, and other non-traditional flour for gluten-intolerant people. However, the Orthodox Union states that, although unleavened gluten-free products may be eaten on Passover, they do not fulfill the commandment (mitzvah) of eating matzah at the Seder, because matzah must be made from one of the five grains.[18]

While oat is considered to be one of the five grains and does not itself contain gluten, matzah made from it would be gluten-free only if there were no contamination by gluten-containing grains. From 2013 some matzah manufacturers have produced gluten-free oat matzah certified kosher for Passover.[19] Given the doubts about oats truly being one of the five grains, it has been suggested that matzah could be made from a mixture of 90% rice flour and 10% wheat flour (as rice is deemed so bland that the taste of wheat flour dominates, and thus meets ritual requirements), for those who can handle eating the small amount of wheat in this mixture.[20] For those who can eat no wheat, eating oat matzah at the Seder is still considered the best option.[20]

Homemade soft matzah

## Preparation

[edit]

Matzah dough roller, dated between 1840 and 1860, Jewish Museum of Switzerland Matzah-forming machine, ca. early 20th century (the Lviv Museum of the History of Religion) Matzah dough roller, Samarkand, middle 20th century

Matzah dough is quickly mixed and rolled out without an autolyse step as used for leavened breads. Most forms are pricked with a fork or a similar tool to keep the finished product from puffing up, and the resulting flat piece of dough is cooked at high temperature until it develops dark spots, then set aside to cool and, if sufficiently thin, to harden to crispness. Dough is considered to begin the leavening process 18 minutes from the time it gets wet; sooner if eggs, fruit juice, or milk is added to the dough. The entire process of making matzah takes only a few minutes in efficient modern matzah bakeries.

After baking, matzah may be ground into fine, or slightly coarser, crumbs, known as matzah meal, that can be used like flour during the week of Passover when flour can otherwise be used only to make matzah.

## Variations

[edit]

There are two major forms of matzah. Prior to the late 18th century, all matzah was soft and relatively thick, but thinner, crisper matzah later became popular in parts of Europe due to its longer shelf life. With the invention of the first matzah-making machine in France in 1839, cracker-like mass-produced matzah became the most common form in Europe and North America and is now ubiquitous in all Ashkenazic and most Sephardic communities. Yemenite and Iraqi Jews continue to use a form of soft matzah which looks like Greek pita or like a tortilla. Soft matzah is made only by hand, and generally with shmurah flour.[21][22][4]

Flavored varieties of matzah are produced commercially, such as poppy seed\- or onion-flavored. Oat and spelt matzah with kosher certification are produced. Oat matzah is generally suitable for those who cannot eat gluten. Whole wheat, bran and organic matzah are also available.[23] Chocolate-covered matzah is a favorite among children, although some consider it "enriched matzah" and will not eat it during the Passover holiday. A quite different flat confection of chocolate and nuts that resembles matzah is sometimes called "chocolate matzah".

Mass-produced matzah contains typically 111 calories per 1-ounce/28g (USDA Nutrient Database), about the same as rye crispbread.

### Shmurah matzah

[edit]

Main article: Matzah shmura

Shĕmura ("guarded") matzah (Hebrew: מַצָּה שְׁמוּרָה matsa shĕmura) is made from grain that has been under special supervision from the time it was harvested to ensure that no fermentation has occurred, and that it is suitable for eating on the first night of Passover. (Shĕmura wheat may be formed into either handmade or machine-made matzah, while non-shĕmura wheat is only used for machine-made matzah. It is possible to hand-bake matzah in shĕmura style from non-shmurah flour—this is a matter of style, it is not actually in any way shĕmura—but such matzah has rarely been produced since the introduction of machine-made matzah.)

Haredi Judaism is scrupulous about the supervision of matzah and have the custom of baking their own or at least participating in some stage of the baking process. Rabbi Chaim Halberstam of Sanz ruled in the 19th century that machine-made matzah were chametz.[24] According to that opinion, handmade non-shmurah matzah may be used on the eighth day of Passover outside of the Holy Land. However the non-Hasidic Haredi community of Jerusalem follows the custom that machine-made matzah may be used, with preference to the use of shĕmurah flour, in accordance with the ruling of Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld, who ruled that machine-made matzah may be preferable to hand made in some cases. The commentators to the Shulhan `Aruch record that it is the custom of some of Diaspora Jewry to be scrupulous in giving Hallah from the dough used for baking "Matzat Mitzvah" (the shĕmurah matzah eaten during Passover) to a Kohen child to eat.[25]

### Egg matzah

[edit]

The requirement for eating Matzah at the Seder cannot be fulfilled with "[egg] matza."[26][27]

Children preparing matzah (Ofra, 2012)

"Egg (sometimes enriched) matzah" are matzot usually made with fruit juice, often grape juice or apple juice, instead of water, but not necessarily with eggs themselves. There is a custom among some Ashkenazi Jews not to eat them during Passover, except for the elderly, infirm, or children, who cannot digest plain matzah; these matzot are considered to be kosher for Passover if prepared otherwise properly. The issue of whether egg matzah is allowed for Passover comes down to whether there is a difference between the various liquids that can be used. Water facilitates a fermentation of grain flour specifically into what is defined as chametz, but the question is whether fruit juice, eggs, honey, oil or milk are also deemed to do so within the strict definitions of Jewish laws regarding chametz.

Children eating commercially made matzah (Azerbaijan, 2018)

The Talmud, Pesachim 35a, states that liquid food extracts do not cause flour to leaven the way that water does. According to this view, flour mixed with other liquids would not need to be treated with the same care as flour mixed with water. The Tosafot (commentaries) explain that such liquids only produce a leavening reaction within flour if they themselves have had water added to them and otherwise the dough they produce is completely permissible for consumption during Passover, whether or not made according to the laws applying to matzot.

As a result, Joseph ben Ephraim Karo, author of the Shulchan Aruch or "Code of Jewish Law" (Orach Chayim 462:4) granted blanket permission for the use of any matzah made from non-water-based dough, including egg matzah, on Passover.[28] Many egg matzah boxes no longer include the message, "Ashkenazi custom is that egg matzah is only allowed for children, elderly and the infirm during Passover." Even amongst those who consider that enriched matzot may not be eaten during Passover, it is permissible to retain it in the home.

#### Chocolate-covered matzah

[edit]

Chocolate-covered matzah[29] was sold in boxes as a standard product, alongside boxes of egg matzah.[30]

The matzah itself is not Hamotzi (meaning that it is Mezonot).

## Cooking with matzah

[edit]

Main article: Jewish cuisine § Passover

Matzah balls

Matzah may be used whole, broken, chopped ("matzah farfel"), or finely ground ("matzah meal"); to make numerous matzah-based cooked dishes. These include matzah balls, which are traditionally served in chicken soup; matzah brei, a dish of Ashkenazi origin made from matzah soaked in water, mixed with beaten egg, and fried; helzel, poultry neck skin stuffed with matzah meal; matzah pizza, in which the piece of matzah takes the place of pizza crust and is topped with melted cheese and sauce;[31] and kosher for Passover cakes and cookies, which are made with matzah meal or a finer variety called "cake meal" that gives them a denser texture than ordinary baked foods made with flour. Hasidic Jews do not cook with matzah, believing that mixing it with water may allow leavening;[4] this stringency is known as gebrochts.[32] However, Jews who avoid eating gebrochts will eat cooked matzah dishes on the eighth day of Passover outside the Land of Israel, as the eighth day is of rabbinic and not Torah origin.[32]

Sephardim use matzah soaked in water or stock to make pies or lasagne,[33][34] known as mina, méguena, mayena or Italian: scacchi.[35]

## In Christianity

[edit]

Communion wafers used by the Roman Catholic Church as well as in some Protestant traditions for the Eucharist are flat, unleavened bread. The main reason for the use of this bread is the belief that, because the Last Supper was described in the Synoptic Gospels as a Passover meal, the unleavened matzah bread was used by Jesus when he held it up and said "this is my body". All Byzantine Rite churches use leavened bread for the Eucharist as this symbolizes the risen Christ.

Some Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Christians use leavened bread, as in the east there is the tradition, based upon the gospel of John, that leavened bread was on the table of the Last Supper. In the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, unleavened bread called qǝddus qurban in Ge'ez, the liturgical language of the Eritreans and Ethiopians, is used for communion.

Saint Thomas Christians living on the Malabar coast of Kerala, India have the customary celebration of Pesaha in their homes. On the evening before Good Friday, Pesaha bread is made at home. It is made with unleavened flour and they consume a sweet drink made up of coconut milk and jaggery along with this bread. On the Pesaha night, the bread is baked (steamed) immediately after rice flour is mixed with water and they pierce it many times with handle of the spoon to let out steam so that the bread will not rise (this custom is called "juthante kannu kuthal" in the Malayalam language meaning "piercing the bread according to the custom of Jews"). This bread is cut by the head of the family and shared among the family members.[36]

## World War II

[edit]

At the end of World War II, the National Jewish Welfare Board had a matzah factory (according to the American Jewish Historical Society, it was probably the Manischewitz matzah factory in New Jersey) produce matzah in the shape of a large "V" for "Victory", for use in the U.S. and military bases overseas by Jewish military personnel for Passover seders.[37]

## In film

[edit]

* Food portal
* Judaism portal

Streit's is the story of the last family-owned matzah bakery in America during their final year at their historic New York City factory.[38]

## See also

[edit]

* Blood libel, antisemitic canard claiming that matzah is baked with Christian children's blood

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Trachtenberg, Joshua (13 February 2004) [Originally published 1939]. "Glossary of Hebrew Terms". Jewish Magic and Superstition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (published 2004). p. 333\. ISBN 9780812218626. Retrieved Feb 6, 2023. "Maẓẓah—unleavened bread."
2. ^ a b "Eating Matza - Jewish Tradition". yahadut.org. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
3. ^ Exodus 12:15
4. ^ a b c "In Time for the Holiday: What is Matzah? How is it Baked?". IsraelNationalNews.com. 25 March 2010. Retrieved 2013-02-19. "According to Jewish Law, once matzo is baked, it cannot become hametz. However, some Ashkenazim, chiefly in Hassidic communities, do not eat [wetted matzo], for fear that part of the dough was not sufficiently baked and might become hametz when coming in contact with water."
5. ^ a b Posner, Menachem. "Is Egg Matzah Kosher For Passover?". Chabad.org. Lubavitch World Headquarters. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
6. ^ Exodus 12:39
7. ^ Deuteronomy 16:3
8. ^ Exodus 12:8
9. ^ In the Sephardic rite, the third time the matzah is eaten it is preceded with the recitation zekher l'korban pesach hane'ekhal al hasova ("A remembrance of the Passover offering, eaten while full").
10. ^ Bradshaw, Paul F., and Hoffman, Lawrence A. Passover and Easter: The Symbolic Structuring of Sacred Seasons. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1999.
11. ^ Leavened or Unleavened: A History
12. ^ A new look at Hametz, Matza and everything in between
13. ^ אלישע אנצ'לוביץ': חירות, שוויון, אחווה
14. ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
15. ^ "TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124\. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
16. ^ Mishna Brurah 462:1 1
17. ^ Linzer, Dov (20 May 2011). "Are Oats Really one of the 5 Species of Grain? – When Science and Halakha Collide". The Daily Daf. Archived from the original on 30 June 2011.
18. ^ Butnick, Stephanie. "This Matzo Isn't a Mitzvah." Tablet Magazine.
19. ^ Friedman, Gabe (3 April 2017). "Here's the spiel on gluten-free matzah". The Times of Israel.
20. ^ a b Rabbi Michael Broyde (9 August 2011). "Oat Matzah". Torah Musings.
21. ^ Lichtenbaum, Elisa. "Matzo: 8 Fun Facts". Thirteen PBS. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
22. ^ Rabi, Meyer g. "Soft matzah, The True Tradition of Matzah - Just as G-d Wanted it". The Jewish Magazine. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
23. ^ "On organic matzah". Swordsandploughshares.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
24. ^ חיים בן אריה ליבוש האלברשטאם. "See SH"UT Divrei Hayyim Siman 23". Hebrewbooks.org. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
25. ^ Ba'er Hetev to Yoreh De'ah ch. 322 (minor par. 7), Shabbatai HaKohen to above chapter
26. ^ "Egg Matzah for Pesach - cRc". CRCweb.org.
27. ^ "Is Egg Matzah Kosher For Passover".
28. ^ Rabbi Shais Taub of Chabad-Lubavitch. "Is Egg Matzah okay for Passover use?". Askmoses.com. Archived from the original on 2007-12-08. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
29. ^ these are chocolate covered egg matzo, not the subsequently originated "chocolate matzo"
30. ^ Pam Beth (April 14, 2017). "Chocolate and Candy Covered Matzo-Enjoy All Year Round!". "... was a little girl ... on the shelves"
31. ^ Deutsch, Jonathan; Saks, Rachel D. (2008). Jewish American Food Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 98\. ISBN 978-0313343209.
32. ^ a b "'Gebrokts': Wetted Matzah". Chabad.org. 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
33. ^ Goldstein, Joyce (1998). Cucina ebraica: flavors of the Italian Jewish kitchen. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0811819695.
34. ^ DrGaellon. "Scacchi (Passover Lasagna)". Food.com. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
35. ^ Romanow, Katherine. "Eating Jewish: Scacchi (Italian Matzo Pie)". JWA.org. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
36. ^ "[Unknown title]". Journal of Indo Judaic Studies (13): 57–71\. 2013.
37. ^ American Jewish Historical Society, March 22, 2007 retrieved Oct. 21, 2011 Archived August 11, 2007, at archive.today
38. ^ Levine, Michael (2015-04-12), Streit's: Matzo and the American Dream (Dokumentarfilm, Familienfilm, Geschichte), retrieved 2025-04-07

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Matzah.

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* Sambusak
* Ziva

Fried foods|

* Blintz
* Buñuelo
* Brik
* Carciofi alla giudia
* Churro
* Corn schnitzel
* Falafel
* Fatoot
* Fatoot samneh
* Fazuelos
* Fish and chips
* Fried cauliflower
* Fritas de prasa
* Gribenes
* Jelly doughnut
* Keftes de prasa
* Kibbeh
* Ktzitzot Khubeza
* Latke
* Matzah brei
* Noodle latkes
* Potatonik
* Sfinj
* Sufganiyot
* Teiglach
* Torrija
* Tulumba

Dumplings, pastas and grain dishes|

* Bsisa
* Bulgur
* Couscous
* Dampfnudel
* Egg noodles
* Dolma
* Farfel
* Fideos
* Freekeh
* Gefilte fish
* Germknödel
* Gondi
* Kasha
* Kasha varnishkes
* Kneidlach
* Kreplach
* Kibbeh
* Kubbeh
* Lokshen kugel
* Macaroni Hamin
* Manti
* Matzah ball
* Orez Shu'it
* Pelmeni
* Pierogi
* Pilaf
* Ptitim
* Shirin polo
* Shlishkes
* Soup mandels
* Tabbouleh
* Tahdig
* Vareniki

Casseroles and savory baked dishes|

* Almadrote
* Brisket
* Cholent
* Hamin
* Holishkes
* Jerusalem kugel
* Karnıyarık
* Kishka
* Knish
* Ktzitzot Khubeza
* Kugel
* Lokshen kugel
* Matzo lasagna
* Pom
* Potato kugel
* Potatonik
* Sólet
* Stuffed artichoke
* Stuffed cabbage
* Stuffed peppers
* Tagine
* Yakhna
* Yapchik

Snacks and other baked goods|

* Bamba
* Bissli
* Khachapuri
* Pitzuchim
* Pretzel
* Shkedei marak
* Stuffed dates

Sandwiches|

* Corned beef sandwich
* Hillel sandwich
* Pastrami on rye
* Rachel
* Reuben
* Sabich
* Sailor sandwich
* Shawarma

Egg dishes|

* Beitzah
* Fatoot samneh
* Haminados
* Hardboiled egg
* Matzah brei
* Matzoquiles
* Shakshouka

Meat dishes|

* Brisket
* Cholent
* Chopped liver
* Corned beef
* Gribenes
* Gondi
* Hamin
* Helzel
* Hot dog
* Jerusalem mixed grill
* Kebab
* Kibbeh
* Kishka
* Kofta
* Merguez
* Miltz
* Montreal smoked meat
* Pargiyot
* Pastilla
* Pastirma
* Pastrami
* Plov
* Sanbat wat
* Shawarma
* Schmaltz
* Shish kebab
* Shish taouk
* Sujuk
* Tagine

Fish dishes|

* Abudaraho
* Chraime
* Dressed herring
* Fish and chips
* Gefilte fish
* Gravlax
* Herring
* Ikra
* Kipper
* Lakerda
* Lox
* Pescado frito
* Pickled herring
* Schmaltz herring
* Smoked salmon
* Smoked whitefish
* Tarama
* Vorschmack
* Whitefish salad

Salads and pickles|

* Apio
* Eggplant salad
* Israeli salad
* Kosher dill pickle
* Matbucha
* Pickled cucumber
* Tabbouleh
* Torshi

Vegetable dishes|

* Bamia
* Dolma
* Stuffed cabbage
* Tzimmes

Soups and stews|

* Adom kubbeh
* Avgolemono
* Borscht
* Chamo kubbe
* Chicken noodle soup
* Chamin
* Chamo kubbeh
* Cholent
* Ghormeh sabzi
* Gondi
* Hamusta kubbeh
* Matzah ball soup
* Msoki
* Poike
* Sanbat wat
* Schav
* Sofrito
* Tarator

Cheeses and other dairy products|

* Akkawi
* Ayran
* Clarified butter
* Cottage cheese
* Cream cheese
* Farmer's cheese
* Feta
* Kashkaval
* Kefir
* Labneh
* Quark
* Sirene
* Smen
* Smetana
* Sour cream
* Strained yogurt
* Tzfat cheese

Condiments, dips and sauces|

* Applesauce
* Amba
* Baba ghanoush
* Charoset
* Chrain
* Filfel chuma
* Harif
* Harissa
* Hilbeh
* Hummus
* Horseradish
* Mikpah Ful
* Muhammara
* Mustard
* Resek avganiyot
* Spicy brown mustard
* Tahini
* Tatbila
* Zhoug

Beverages|

* Arak
* Beer
* Boukha
* Boza
* Cel-Ray
* Dr. Brown's
* Egg cream
* Grape juice
* Kedem
* Linden flower tea
* Mint lemonade
* Manischewitz
* Pomegranate juice
* Salep
* Seltzer
* Tallah
* Vodka Perfect
* Wine

Herbs, spices and seasonings|

* Anise
* Baharat
* Cardamom
* Cinnamon
* Consommé
* Dried onion
* Everything bagel seasoning
* Hawaij
* Montreal steak seasoning
* Licorice root
* Nigella seeds
* Poppy seed
* Sesame seeds
* Za'atar

Eateries|

* Appetizing store
* Dairy restaurant
* Deli
* Kosher

Related lists|

* List of foods with religious symbolism
* List of Jewish cuisine dishes
* List of kosher restaurants
* List of restaurants in Israel

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Passover

Seder|

* Afikoman
* The Exodus
* Ha Lachma Anya
* Ma Nishtana
* "Outstretched Arm"
* Ten Plagues
* White House Passover Seder

| Plate|

* Beitzah
* Charoset
* Karpas
* Maror and Chazeret
* Zeroah

|

Haggadah|

| Songs|

* Adir Hu
* Chad Gadya
* Dayenu
* Echad Mi Yodea
* L'Shana Haba'ah
* Vehi Sheamda

|

Illustrations|

* Amsterdam Haggadah
* Birds' Head Haggadah
* Maxwell House Haggadah
* Sarajevo Haggadah
* Szyk Haggadah
* Washington Haggadah

Foods|

| Matzah|

| Dishes|

* Chremslach
* Matzah ball
* Matzah brei
* Matzo lasagna
* Matzah meal
* Matzah pizza
* Matzoquiles
* Matzah egg roll

|

Companies|

* Streit's
* Manischewitz
* René Neymann
* Yehuda Matzos
* Rakusen's
* Osem

Main courses|

* Brisket
* Lamb
* Potato kugel

Desserts|

* Egg kichel
* Flourless chocolate cake
* Hadji bada
* Macaroon
* Marunchinos
* Meringue

Religious|

| Observances|

* Bedikat Chametz
* Fast of the Firstborn
* Eve of Passover on Shabbat
* Passover sacrifice
* Chol HaMoed
* Mimouna
* Isru Chag
* Pesach Sheni

|

Laws/customs|

* Chametz
* Challah from Shmurah Matzah
* Kitniyot
* Gebrochts

Prayers|

* Song of Songs
* Torah readings
* Prayer for dew

Authority control databases

International|

* FAST

National|

* United States
* Israel

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