May 1937

Month of 1937

1937
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

<< | May 1937 | >>

|
|

Su  | Mo  | Tu  | We  | Th  | Fr  | Sa
|  |  |  |  |  | 01
02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08
09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15
16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22
23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29
30 | 31 |
May 12, 1937: The coronation of George VI and Elizabeth as King and Queen consort of the British Empire is held at Westminster Abbey in London. May 6, 1937: Explosion of the German dirigible Hindenburg kills 36 people

The following events occurred in May 1937:

## May 1, 1937 (Saturday)

[edit]

* Germany's Nazi Party (NSDAP) lifted its restriction, in place since 1933, against admitting new members.[1] All government employees were required to join the NSDAP or to relinquish their jobs.[2] Multiple people were admitted on the same day, including war criminals Klaus Barbie, Dr. Franz Lucas, Friedrich Flick, Lothar Fendler, Heinz Pannwitz and Rudolf Lange; Sigrid Hunke, journalists Kurt DuMont and Gerhard Dengler; athlete Rudolf Harbig, musicians Paul Rostock, Werner Conze, Otto Jochum and Ludwig Hoelscher; former members of nobility Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine, Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, General Heinrich von Maur.
* The Neutrality Act of 1937, a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress, took effect to extend previous laws.[3] Under the new rules, which applied for the first time to participants in civil wars, U.S. citizens were forbidden from traveling on ships of "belligerent nations" that were either engaged in war against another nation, or had an ongoing civil war.[4] U.S. ships were prohibited from transporting passengers or certain categories of freight to belligerents. The law had an exception, however, where the U.S. president could permit the sale of materials and supplies to belligerents in Europe as long as the recipients arranged for the transport and paid immediately with cash, making it possible to provide aid to the United Kingdom and to France involvement in a war with Germany.[5] In addition, oil and nonmilitary vehicles were could be sold to nations involved in a war.[6]
* The Order of the German Eagle (Verdienstorden vom Deutschen Adler) was authorized by Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany as an award for foreign officials. Among the recipients would be Benito Mussolini of Italy, Francisco Franco of Spain, King Boris III of Bulgaria, Admiral Admiral Miklós Horthy of Hungary, Prime Minister Hideki Tojo of Japan, President Risto Ryti of Finland, and Americans Charles Lindbergh, Henry Ford, and Thomas J. Watson.[7]
* Bus travel in London came to a halt as 26,000 bus drivers went on strike.[8]
* New York's Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia backed the refusal by License Commissioner Paul Mossto renew the licenses of all 14 burlesque theaters in the city[9] shutting down the sites of most vaudeville and stand-up comedy routines[10] La Guardia pledged "a bitter fight to the finish" against the "filth" of the houses, including displays of female nudity.[11] On May 3, Isidore Herk, owner of the Gaiety Theatre in Times Square, proposed a compromise of self-censorship where the shows allowed at his three theaters would be cleaned up and remove the word "burlesque" from its advertisements.,[12] a suggestion that allowed his burlesque houses to remain open.
* In the Spanish Civil War, the supporters of the Second Spanish Republic were able to defeat the attack by Francisco Franco's nationalists in the siege of Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza.
* Manchester City F.C. finished the season in first place in the highest division of England's Football League, with a record of 22 wins and 13 draws for 57 points. Charlton Athletic F.C. was second with 21 wins and 12 draws for 54 points.[13]
* Sunderland, the defending 1936 league champion, which had finished eighth in the First Division for 1936-37, defeated 14th place Preston North End, 3-1 in the FA Cup Final at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 93,435 people."Sunderland Wins Soccer Final, 3-1; Beats Preston Before Crowd of 93,495 to Gain English Cup for First Time", The New York Times, May 2, 1937, p.S-12
* Born:
* Agim Krajka, Albanian composer; in Kavajë (d. 2021)[14]
* Robert Garland, American screenwriter known for The Electric Horseman (1979) and No Way Out; in Brooklyn, New York City (d. 2020)[15]
* Una Stubbs, British actress and dancer; in Welwyn Garden City (d. 2021)
* Died:
* Snitz Edwards, (stage name for Edward Neumann), 69 , Hungarian-born American character actor on stage and film[16]
* Fanny Marc (Estelle Odile Fanny Legendre), 79, French sculptor[17]

## May 2, 1937 (Sunday)

[edit]

* Austrian police raided the headquarters of the Nazi Party in Vienna, finding evidence of collaboration between German and Austrian Nazis, as well as propaganda hostile to the Austrian government.[18]
* In Moscow, an estimated 50,000 people attended the remaining churches in the city for services on the Russian Easter, despite the largest anti-religious drive since 1930.[19]
* In Cuba, former President Mario García Menocal, who served from 1913 to 1921, announced that he was creating a new political party to oppose military interference in civil affairs, in a move seen as a threat to the military-supported regime of President Federico Laredo Brú and its control of the Cuban Congress.[20]
* Eleven of the crew of the freighter Alecto were drowned after the ship collided with the freighter Plavnik and sank in the North Sea while both saidled in a fog.during a fog.[21]
* Born:
* Gisela Elsner, German writer, subject of the 2000 film No Place to Go; in Nuremberg (committed suicide, 1992)[22]
* Lorenzo Music (Gerald David Music), American actor, television producer and musician, co-creator of The Bob Newhart Show in 1972, as well as being the voice of Garfield the cat in cartoons and the voice of the unseen character of Carlton the Doorman in Rhoda; in Brooklyn, New York City (d. 2001)[23]

## May 3, 1937 (Monday)

[edit]

* The divorce of Mrs. Wallis Warfield Simpson from her husband, shipbroker Ernest Simpson, became final,[24] clearing the way for her to marry the Duke of Windsor, who had been King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions. The marriage took place one month later in France on June 3.
* Lev Karakhan, the Soviet Union's Ambassador to Turkey since 1934, was arrested on orders of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to return to Moscow.[25] Stalin had ordered the recall of Karakhan on April 26.[26] Karakhan was arrested and charged with participation in a "pro-fascist conspiracy" to overthrow the Soviet Government. He would be executed on September 20 after being tried before the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union.[27]
* German opera composer and conductor Manfred Gurlitt, a member of Germany's Nazi Party since 1933, was expelled from the Nazis by court order after failing to reveal that he had a Jewish ancestor. The court declared that Gurlitt was a "Jew of Mixed Race of the 2nd Order" and removed him from his employment.[28]
* In Spain, six days of civil violence known as the May Days began in Catalonia.
* Born: Hans Cieslarczyk, German footballer; in Herne (d. 2020)[29]
* Died:
* Cosimo Rennella, Ecuadorian-born Italian flying ace during World War One with seven victories and later a member of the Air Force of Ecuador, died of pneumonia after returning from the United States, where head attended a convention of fellow World War I aces in Dayton, Ohio[30]
* P. W. Pilcher, 70, British photographer who perfected high-speed photography to capture photos of moving objects, including trains[31]

## May 4, 1937 (Tuesday)

[edit]

* The Duke of Windsor and Wallis Warfield (ex-Simpson) reunited in France after six months apart and immediately became officially engaged.[32]
* The Non-Intervention Committee asked both sides in the Spanish Civil War to forswear bombing of open cities.[6]
* Born:
* Ron Carter, American jazz double-bassist, winner of three Grammy Awards and the most-recorded jazz bassist in history;[33] in Ferndale, Michigan[34]
* Dick Dale (stage name for Richard Monsour), American surf rock guitarist; in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 2019)[35]
* Mel Edwards, American abstract sheet-metal sculptor; in Houston[36][37]
* Died:
* Vasily Petrov, 62, Soviet Russian opera singer[38][39]
* Noel Rosa, 26, Brazilian musician, died of tuberculosis.[40][41]

## May 5, 1937 (Wednesday)

[edit]

* Pavel Golovin became the world's first pilot to fly an airplane over the North Pole, as part of a crew of 11 people. After flying over the pole, Golovin landed on an ice floe 13 miles (21 km) southward.[42] Golovin was the world's first pilot to fly an airplane over the North Pole, on 5 May 1937.[42] The first flight over the North Pole had been made in the dirigible Nord by pilot Umberto Nobile and polar explorers Lincoln Ellsworth and Roald Amundsen on May 13, 1926.[43]
* Spanish Prime Minister Francisco Largo Caballero sent the Guardia de Asalto to Barcelona to put down the May Days violence.[44]
* British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin pleaded for labour peace ahead of the coronation of George VI as the bus strike threatened to spread.[45]
* Born:
* Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, American boxer; in Clifton, New Jersey (d. 2014)
* Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam from 1997 to 2006; in Đức Phổ, Quảng Ngãi province, French Indochina[46]
* Died: Camillo Berneri, 39, Italian anarchist and professor, was forcibly removed from his home by policemen and a group of men wearing red armbands. Taken also was his friend Francesco Barbieri, and the two men were shot to death.[47]

## May 6, 1937 (Thursday)

[edit]

newsreel report of the disaster

* The Hindenburg disaster occurred in Lakehurst, New Jersey, killing 36 people. Newsreel footage of the tragedy would be shown around the world, shattering the public's confidence in the dirigible as a method of transportation. Herbert Morrison of the Chicago radio station WLS recorded while the explosion was happening, was not broadcast live.[48] The recording of it was played by WLS the next day in remains one of the most famous broadcasts in history.[49][50]
* The Brazilian radio news network Radio Bandeirantes was inaugurated, broadcasting initially as an all-news station in São Paulo.[51]
* The National Federation of Press Women was organized at a meeting in the U.S. city of Chicago by 39 women, after being organized by Helen Miller Malloch.[52]
* Born: Rubin "Hurricane" Carter African-American boxer who served 20 years in prison after being wrongfully convicted of murder; in Clifton, New Jersey (d.2014)[53]

## May 7, 1937 (Friday)

[edit]

* German aviation minister Hermann Göring ordered work rushed on the LZ 130 LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II, which was to have been the sister ship of the Hindenburg.[54]
* Chicago's radio station WLS played the first-ever broadcast of a pre-recorded news story as it aired a report made at the scene of the Hindenburg disaster. Newsman Herbert Morrison and engineer Charles Nielsen had been sent to Lakehurst, New Jersey to record the arrival of the German dirigible at [48]
* The U.S. Congress passed neutrality legislation permitting the sale of certain commodities (excluding munitions) while making it illegal for U.S. citizens to travel on enemy ships.[55]
* The musical film Shall We Dance starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers was released. This film introduced the famous George and Ira Gershwin songs "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off" and "They Can't Take That Away from Me".[56]
* Born:
* Ryszard S. Michalski, Polish-born American computer scientist known for his development of attributional calculus; in Kalusz (d.2007)[57]
* Rolf Tibblin, Swedish motocross racer and winner of the motocross world championship in the 500cc division in 1962 and 1963; in Stockholm[58]
* Died:
* Ernst A. Lehmann, 50, German airship pilot and chairman of Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei (DZR) Airlines, died the day after being severely burned in the explosion of the Hindenburg.[59]
* George Topîrceanu, 51, Romanian poet, short story writer and humorist, died of cancer of the liver.[60]

## May 8, 1937 (Saturday)

[edit]

* In Italy, aviator Mario Pezzi set an altitude record of 51,362 feet (15,655 m),[61] departing from the Guidonia-Montecelio base in a Caproni Ca. 161 propeller-driven aircraft powered by a 14-cylinder double stellar engine supercharged by a double centrifugal 750 horsepower compressor. He would break his own record on October 22, 1938. For the flight, Pezzi wore a special electrically-heated pressurized suit and an airtight oxygen helmet. The previous record was F. R. D. Swain of the Royal Air Force of Britain, who flew to 49,944 feet (15,223 m).[61]
* Italy recalled its news correspondents from London and banned all British newspapers except for the Daily Mail, The Observer and The Evening News. The move was believed to have been taken in reaction to the British press mocking the recent defeats of Italian troops in the Spanish Civil War.[62]
* War Admiral won the Kentucky Derby.[63]
* Widnes defeated Keighley 18-5 to win rugby's Challenge Cup in front of 47,699 at Wembley Stadium.[64]
* The Montreux Convention Regarding the Abolition of the Capitulations in Egypt was concluded.
* The adventure film The Prince and the Pauper starring Errol Flynn and Billy and Bobby Mauch was released.[65]
* Born:
* Mike Cuellar, Cuban baseball player; in Santa Clara, Cuba (d. 2010)
* Carlos Gaviria Díaz, Colombian justice and politician; in Sopetrán (d. 2015)
* Thomas Pynchon, American novelist; in Glen Cove, New York

## May 9, 1937 (Sunday)

[edit]

* The fifth last launch of a high altitude ARS rocket by the American Interplanetary Society was carried out from Old Ferris Point in the U.S. state of New York. The Society had launched rockets on multiple occasions since May 14, 1933. The rocket, propelled by a mixture of liquid oxygen and gasoline, reached an altitude of 80 metres (260 ft).[66]
* At least 5,000 women and children began to evacuate Bilbao in Spain.[67][68]
* More than 50 people were injured in Toulouse when a riot broke out between political factions. The rioting began when rightists paraded to an equestrian statue of Joan of Arc shouting "France for the French", referring to the allegation that the Popular Front government of Prime Minister Léon Blum took orders from Moscow.[69]
* FC Sochaux-Montbéliard defeated RC Strasbourg, 2 to 1, to win the Coupe de France soccer football tournament, played near Paris at the Olympic Stadium in Colombes in front of 39,538 spectators.

## May 10, 1937 (Monday)

[edit]

* Frozen food came to Britain when frozen asparagus went on sale for the first time.[70]
* Born: G. Bradford Cook, American lawyer and Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for two months in 1972 before being forced to resign because of scandal; in Lincoln, Nebraska (d.2014).[71]
* Died:
* Paul Émile Chabas, 68, French painter known for September Morn[72]

## May 11, 1937 (Tuesday)

[edit]

* Argentina's largest national park, Los Glaciares, with an area of 2,807 sq mi (7,270 km2; 2,807 sq mi) was created as a federal protected area.[73]
* Pablo Picasso began painting of his classic work Guernica, 15 days after Spanish Nationlists bombed the Spanish city at the direction of Francisco Franco.[74]
* George VI met all the representatives of England's Dominions and colonies and pledged to carry on his father's work "for the welfare of our great empire." The speech made no mention of his brother Edward.[75]
* The adventure film Captains Courageous starring Freddie Bartholomew and Spencer Tracy was released.
* Soviet astronomer and astrophysicist Yevgeny Perepyolkin of the Pulkovo Observatory, was arrested by the NKVD, along with other Pulkovo scientists, on charges of "counter-revolutionary agitation".[76] After being sent to a labor camp at Krasnoyarsk Krai in Siberia, Perepyolkin would be executed on January 13, 1938.[76]
* Died:

The shrine to Meher Ali Shah

*     * Meher Ali Shah, 78, Punjabi Muslim Sufi scholar and mystic, and leader of the anti-Ahmadiya movement.[77] Following his death, a shrine was constructed in Islamabad, now in Pakistan.
* Afonso Costa, 66, Prime Minister of Portugal three times from 193 to 1917.

## May 12, 1937 (Wednesday)

[edit]

Artist's impression by Henry Charles Brewer of the coronation at Westminster Abbey in London )

* The coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth took place at Westminster Abbey in London. The date had originally been reserved for the abandoned coronation of Edward VIII, who served as king before his abdication in 1936.[78]
* BBC Television made its first outdoor broadcast to cover the King's coronation procession.[68]
* Wildlife photographer Eric Hosking became famous following an unusual accident when he was trying to take pictures of a tawny owl and the owl attacked him and clawed his left eye, which subsequently was removed."Attacked by Owl", Windsor (ON) Star, June 24, 1937, p.10[79]
* Born:
* George Carlin, American comedian; in Manhattan, New York City (d. 2008)[80]
* Mário Viegas Carrascalão, Indonesian Governor of East Timor province from 1981 to 1992, who oversaw the transition from Indonesia-occupied territory to independence in 2002; in Vila Viçosa, Portuguese Timor (now Venilale, Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) (d.2017).[81]
* Died:
* Ed Martin, African-American boxer who was the World Colored Heavyweight Champion from 1902 to 1903"Deaths: Martin, Edward (Denver)". Oakland Tribune. May 13, 1937. p. 39. Retrieved December 13, 2021. </ref>
* Carl Emil Pettersson, 61, Swedish sailor known for becoming the "King of Tabar Island" in what is now Papua New Guinea after he was shipwrecked there in 1904.[82]

## May 13, 1937 (Thursday)

[edit]

* The British destroyer HMS Hunter struck a naval mine south of Almería, Spain killing eight crewmembers.[83]
* Antisemitic rioting broke out in three towns near Brześć-Litewski, Poland, after a police officer pushed a Jewish butcher and was stabbed to death by the butcher's son. Jewish-owned stores were looted and at least 53 Jews were injured during violence that continued into the next morning.[84][85]
* Born:
* Roger Zelazny, American science fiction and fantasy author known for The Chronicles of Amber book series, six-time Hugo Award winner; in Euclid, Ohio (d. 1995)[86]
* Yukihiko Ikeda, Foreign Minister of Japan from 1996 to 1997, and Defense Minister 1990 to 1991; in Kobe (d.2004)[87]
* Julia Blake, English-Australian TV and film actress known for Bellbird; in Bristol[88]
* Trevor Baylis, English inventor known for inventing the wind-up radio in 1992; in Kilburn, London (d. 2018)[89][90]
* Howard L. Resnikoff. American mathematician and inventor; in New York City[91]
* Roch Carrier, French Canadian author known for his contes stories; in Sainte-Justine, Quebec
* Died: U.S. Army Major General John Clem, 85, nicknamed "Johnny Shiloh" known for having been the youngest noncommissioned officer in U.S. Army history, during the American Civil War at age 12[92]

## May 14, 1937 (Friday)

[edit]

* The 8th Imperial Conference began in London.
* The Governor of Puerto Rico, Blanton Winship, signed a bill providing for sterilization of the insane and the establishment of a eugenics board.[93]

## May 15, 1937 (Saturday)

[edit]

* Francisco Largo Caballero resigned as Prime Minister of Spain after the Socialists and Communists withdrew participation from his cabinet over his desire to give POUM clemency.[6][94]
* "September in the Rain" by Guy Lombardo topped the American pop charts.[95]
* War Admiral won the Preakness Stakes, the second race of the American Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing, after winning the Kentucky Derby on May 2.
* Born:
* Madeleine Albright, Czechoslovakian-born American diplomat who served as the U.S. Secretary of State; as Marie Jana Körbelová in Prague (d. 2022)[96]
* Trini Lopez, American musician and actor; in Dallas[97] (d. 2020)
* Died: Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, 72, British Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1924 and from 1929 to 1931[98]

## May 16, 1937 (Sunday)

[edit]

* The murder of Laetitia Toureaux, a crime that was never solved, took place on a Paris Métro train in Paris. The 29-year-old factory worker, who was secretly assigned to infiltrate the far-right terrorist group La Cagoule, entered an occupied train car at the Porte de Charenton station at 6:27 p.m. and, during the 90 seconds before the train arrived at its next stop at the Porte Dorée station, she was stabbed in the neck by an assailant who had performed the homicide and departed the train car while it was in transit.[99]
* Nationalists came within 7 miles (11 km) of the Basque capital of Bilbao, pushing the Republicans out of the village of Gorocica.[100]
* Born:
* Robert B. Wilson, American economist and recipient of the 2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences; in Geneva, Nebraska[101]
* Yvonne Craig, American actress; in Taylorville, Illinois (d. 2015)[102]

## May 17, 1937 (Monday)

[edit]

* Juan Negrín became Prime Minister of Spain after being appointed by President Manuel Azaña.Graham, Helen (1988). "The Spanish Socialist Party in Power and the Government of Juan Negrín, 1937–9". European History Quarterly. 18 (2): 175–206. doi:10.1177/026569148801800203. S2CID 145387965.
* Råsunda Stadium was formally inaugurated in Stockholm. England defeated Sweden in a friendly match, 4-0.[103]
* Born: Hazel R. O'Leary, United States Secretary of Energy from 1993 to 1997; in Newport News, Virginia[104]

## May 18, 1937 (Tuesday)

[edit]

* Sultan al-Atrash, nationalist leader who had led the Great Syrian Revolt against the French trusteeship government in the State of Syria and Greater Lebanon between 1925 and 1927, returned to Damascus.. Atrash, initially sentenced to death in 1927, had escaped a French prison. France issued a comprehensive amnesty of all rebels as part of the Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence of 1936.
* The wedding date for Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, and his recently-divorced fiancee, Wallis Warfield was announced to take place on June 3, 1937 in France at the Château de Candé in Monts, Indre-et-Loire, France.[105]

The 25-cent note

* Canada permanently withdrew its 25-cent banknote from circulation.
* Outgoing British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin made the last significant speech of his time in office, in which he asked the youth of Britain to guard against the threats of fascism and communism and said that the League of Nations was of "doubtful" value.[106]
* Archbishop of Chicago George Mundelein made the paper hanger speech, an anti-Nazi address that condemned the Nazi totalitarianism and spoke about how "a nation of 60 million intelligent people will submit in fear and servitude" to Hitler, whom he called an "alien, an Austrian paper hanger."[107]
* Born:
* Brooks Robinson, American baseball player, inductee to National Baseball Hall of Fame, American League MVP and RBI leader in 1964; in Little Rock, Arkansas (d. 2023)[108]
* Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg from 1984 to 1995 and President of the European Commission from 1995 to 1999; in Wasserbillig

## May 19, 1937 (Wednesday)

[edit]

* The press in Nazi Germany demanded that the Vatican publicly repudiate the Archbishop of Chicago George Mundelein for his remarks comparing Adolf Hitler to a wallpaper hanger. "The cardinal insulted not only the head of the German state and its ministers but the entire German nation", an editorial in Der Angriff stated. "We make the Catholic church responsible if the speech evokes a new wave of anti-German agitation, and we ask the Vatican if it intends to tolerate this speech without protest."[107]
* A constitution for the soon to be independent Republic of Hatay was approved by the League of Nations, to be formed within the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon.
* King Victor Emmanuel III and Queen Elena of Italy made an official visit to Budapest.[109]
* Angry about being called for a balk during the sixth inning of a game against the New York Giants, Dizzy Dean of the St. Louis Cardinals began throwing at Giants batters in the top of the ninth. When Dean went to cover first base on a bunt by Jimmy Ripple, the two got into a fistfight that started a bench-clearing brawl.[110]
* Born: Ali Hamroyev, Soviet Uzbek film producer and director; in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union[111][112]
* Died:
* Marie Selika Williams, African-American opera soprano and the first black entertainer to perform at the White House, appearing before President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1878[113]
* J. Henry Roraback, 67, U.S. politician and political boss who ran the Republican Party in Connecticut, committed suicide with his hunting rifle after returning from a hunt with his son.[114]

## May 20, 1937 (Thursday)

[edit]

USS New York (BB-34) taking part in the Grand Fleet Review

* King George VI of Britain and the Commonwealth conducted the Coronation Fleet Review at Spithead. The event, described as "the last parade of the Royal Navy as the world's greatest and most prodigious navy"[115] took place eight days after his coronation, and featured 101 warships, 22 submarines and 11 auxiliary reserve vesels, as well as warships from Canada, New Zealand and India, along with one warship apiece from 17 non-Commonwealth nations. A complement of commercial ships allowed to follow.[116] This was the occasion of the famous Thomas Woodrooffe incident, when the BBC Radio commentator went on the air drunk and repeatedly slurred the phrase, "the fleet's lit up."[117]
* The Soviet Union executed 44 people as spies for Japan.[68][118]
* Denny Shute won the 20th PGA Championship, defeating Jug McSpaden in the final of a playoff that had started with eight golfers.[119] The game took place at the Pittsburgh Field Club in Fox Chapel, Pennsylvania.
* Popular U.S. film actress Jean Harlow became seriously ill during the filming of her final movie, Saratoga, which would prove to be the highest-grossing film of the year.[120] She would die 18 days later from kidney failure and cerebral edema.
* Died: Walter Davis, 48, Welsh footballer who had played for the Wales national team, was found dead in London, apparently after drowning while swimming at Bow Creek.[121]

## May 21, 1937 (Friday)

[edit]

* The Soviet Union established North Pole-1, the world's first drifting ice station, on a ice floe in the Arctic Ocean. Mikhail Vodopyanov became the first person to land an airplane at the North Pole, before flying supplies the 12 miles (19 km) distance to the station.[122], the research station was officially opened on June 6, 1937.
* British mountaineers Frederick Chapman and the Sherpa guide Pasang Dawa Lama became the first persons to climb to the top of the 24,035 feet (7,326 m) mountain Jomolhari.[123]
* Almost 4,000 Basque children were evacuated from the port of Santurtzi in Spain, boarding the Cuban ocean liner Habana for transport to the British port of Southampton, where it arrived on May 23.[124]
* Mass arrests were made of former Communist Party officials in the Soviet Union of people accused of "counter-revolutionary activities", with Alexander Abramov-Mirov, AlexeyAksyonov, Kasyan Chaykovsky, Roman Longva, Georgy Potapov, Turar Ryskulov, Ivan Timoshin, Leonty Ugryumov and Konstantin Ukhanov being taken into custody. All nine would be executed within one year.
* The bodies of the 26 German victims of the Hindenburg tragedy arrived in Cuxhaven by ship. A state funeral was held in a local hall.[125][126]
* Born:
* Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1987 as Chairman of the Derg, and as President from 1987 to 1991; in Welayta[127]
* Sofiko Chiaureli, Soviet Georgian actress; in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR (d. 2008)
* John Fairfax, British ocean rower and adventurer known for becoming (in 1969) the first person to row by himself across the Atlantic Ocean; in Rome, Italy (d. 2012)
* Ricardo Alarcón, Foreign Minister of Cuba 1992 to 1993, and Cuban Representative to the United Nations, 1966 to 1978; in Havana (d.2002)
* Died:
* Sir Alexander Grant, 72, Scottish philanthropist, businessman and confectionary manufacturer

Roscoe Jackson prepares to be hanged.

*     * Roscoe Jackson, 36, convicted murderer became the last person in the U.S. to be publicly executed. A gallows was built in Galena, Missouri at the Stone County Courthouse and a crowd of 400 people watched his hanging. Jackson spoke to the crowd and reportedly said, "To ask anyone to forgive me is too much," and closed by saying "If you feel I am paying my debt like a man, I am glad."[128]

## May 22, 1937 (Saturday)

[edit]

* Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum, Emir of Dubai (now part of the United Arab Emirates, signed a major agreement with the British oil company Petroleum Concessions Ltd (PCL) providing exploration and development rights to Dubai's oil fields in a lease that included a requirement that the company would have to provide jobs to Dubai's citizens.[129]
* The New York Times reported, erroneously, that "The Soviet Union claimed the North Pole as its own today to hold forever on the grounds that it was the first to establish a permanent settlement in the vicinity,"[130] although the Associated Press noted only that "Eleven Soviet pioneers of the Arctic air routes" had claimed an ice floe 13 miles (21 km) from the Pole "as a preliminary to the proposed Moscow—San Francisco air line over the roof of the world."[131]. The Times reported the next day the claim was limited to an area "for a inter-continental flight.[132]
* Soviet General Mikhail Tukhachevsky was arrested and charged with conspiring against the government and spying for Nazi Germany.[133]

## May 23, 1937 (Sunday)

[edit]

* A group of 3,886 Basque children evacuated from Spain during the Spanish Civil War arrived in Southampton, along with 96 teachers, 118 assistants and 16 Catholic priests.[134]. The group was then taken to a large refugee camp in North Stoneham, Eastleigh, Hampshire.[135]
* From his exile in Mexico City, former Soviet Communist Party official Leon Trotsky outlined a "Fourth International" to offer an alternative to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's plans regarding the growth of Communist International (Comintern). Trotsky, Stalin and Lenin had been co-founders of Comintern in 1919.[136] No Fourth International would ever be held, and Trotsky would be assassinated in 1940 on Stalin's orders, after which Stalin would dissolve Comintern in 1943.
* The National Synarchist Union was founded in Mexico by José Antonio Urquiza at a meeting in Guanajuato with 137 other people, with a goal of creating a pro-Catholic theocracy to govern Mexico.[137]
* Amelia Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, landed in Miami for a five-and-a-half week preparation period in advance of their departure on flying around the world. Because of a navigation error, Earhart's Lockheed Electra arrived at the wrong airport on 36th Street before departing again for the Miami Municipal Airport.[138]
* Born: Irina Odagescu, Romanian symphonic composer; in Bucharest[139]
* Died:
* John D. Rockefeller, 97, American business magnate, multimillionaire and philanthropist known for founding the Standard Oil Company that held a monopoly on oil production, refining and sales in the United States during the 19th century, died at his home in Florida.[140]
* Pete Knight, 34, Canadian rodeo bronc rider and winner of the 1931 World Series of Rodeo, was killed when he was thrown from a horse and trampled at a rodeo in the U.S. at Hayward, California.[141]
* Pelham Horton Box, 39, British historian, died of Streptococcus pneumoniae.[142]

## May 24, 1937 (Monday)

[edit]

* Soviet Latvian politician Jānis Rudzutaks, one of the 15 full members of the Communist Party's ruling Politburo since 1926, was expelled after being accused of Trotskyism and espionage for Nazi Germany. The next day, he became the first Politburo member to be arrested, and the highest-ranking Soviet official to become a victim of the Great Purge started by Joseph Stalin. He would be executed on July 29, 1938.[143]
* The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Social Security Act of 1935 in two different decisions. In Helvering v. Davis, the Court ruled, 7 to 2, that taxing employers to support old-age social security was part of the power of the U.S. Congress "to provide for the general welfare" as part of the Taxing and Spending Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, and superseded the Tenth Amendment to the Bill of Rights providing that "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."[144] The Court also ruled in Steward Machine Co. v. Davis, 5 to 4, that federal unemployment insurance was permissible under the General Welfare clause.[145]
* Born: Roger Peterson, pilot of the aircraft that crashed, killing Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. Richardson on "The Day the Music Died"; in Alta, Iowa (d. 1959)
* Died: Luis F. Álvarez, 84, Spanish American physician

## May 25, 1937 (Tuesday)

[edit]

* The Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (International Exposition dedicated to Art and Technology in Modern Life) opened in Paris.
* Detroit Tigers star Mickey Cochrane suffered a career-ending, near-fatal injury when he was hit by a beanball pitched by Bump Hadley of the New York Yankees.[146]
* An editorial in Mussolini's Il Popolo d'Italia warned the Jews of Italy to cease making criticisms of Germany, because such opposition was "irreconcilable with the friendship that binds us to Germany and which has objectives far more vast and fundamental than the Jewish question."[147]
* Born: Mark Shields, American journalist and political commentator (d. 2022)
* Died: Henry Ossawa Tanner, 77, African-American artist

## May 26, 1937 (Wednesday)

[edit]

* Egypt joined the League of Nations. This would prove to be the last country to do so.[70]
* The Little Steel strike began in the United States.
* The London bus strike ended.[68]
* The boxing film Kid Galahad starring Edward G. Robinson, Bette Davis, Humphrey Bogart, and newcomer Wayne Morris in the title role was released.

## May 27, 1937 (Thursday)

[edit]

* The Golden Gate Bridge opened in San Francisco.
* The Gestapo ordered 200 German Catholic newspapers to shut down for publishing articles critical of Nazi institutions.[148]
* The Minseito and Seiyukai parties jointly demanded the Japanese cabinet's resignation.[149]

## May 28, 1937 (Friday)

[edit]

* Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom when Stanley Baldwin retired. Chamberlain signalled an intention to continue Baldwin's policies by making very few changes to the cabinet.[68]
* In the final act of the Baldwin government, The London Gazette announced that Wallis Warfield would not be elevated to royal status upon her marriage to the Duke of Windsor, and would only be entitled to be addressed in the forms appropriate to a woman who was married to a duke but was not of royal blood. The ruling also applied to any children she might have with the Duke.[150]
* The Volkswagen company was founded.
* Born: Robert Chrisman, American poet, scholar and publisher; in Yuma, Arizona (d. 2013)
* Died: Alfred Adler, 67, Austrian medical doctor and psychotherapist

## May 29, 1937 (Saturday)

[edit]

* Deutschland incident: Republican planes bombed the German cruiser Deutschland.[70]
* Several Hong Kong Chinese newspapers published an identical leading article, appealing to Britain not to enter into negotiations with Japan. The article stated that China would maintain her sovereignty at all costs.[151][152]

## May 30, 1937 (Sunday)

[edit]

* Memorial Day massacre: In Chicago, police fired on marching union members at the Republic Steel plant, killing 10.[70]
* The steamship Ciudad de Barcelona carrying volunteers of the International Brigades was torpedoed and sunk by an Italian submarine off the coast of Malgrat de Mar.[153]

## May 31, 1937 (Monday)

[edit]

* German warships bombarded the city of Almería in retaliation for the Deutschland incident.
* The Republicans launched the Segovia Offensive.
* Italy and Germany decided to withdraw from the non-intervention cordon around Spain.[68]
* Senjūrō Hayashi resigned as Prime Minister of Japan.[154]
* Wilbur Shaw won the Indianapolis 500.
* Born: Louis Hayes, American jazz drummer; in Detroit, Michigan
* Died: Yan Gamarnik, 42, Soviet military commander, died by suicide.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Walter M. Hudson, Army Diplomacy: American Military Occupation and Foreign Policy After World War II (University Press of Kentucky, 2015)
2. ^ Kevin Spicer, Hitler's Priests: Catholic Clergy and National Socialism (Cornell University Press, 2008)
3. ^ Frauke Lachenmann; Rüdiger Wolfrum (2017). The Law of Armed Conflict and the Use of Force: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford UP. p. 176\. ISBN 9780198784623.
4. ^ Kennedy, David M. (1999). Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-503834-7.
5. ^ Frauke Lachenmann; Rüdiger Wolfrum (2017). The Law of Armed Conflict and the Use of Force: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford University Press. p. 176\. ISBN 9780198784623.
6. ^ a b c Cortada, James W., ed. (1982). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 507–508. ISBN 0-313-22054-9.
7. ^ Wendel, Marcus. "Holders of the Grand Cross of the Order of the German Eagle in Gold". Axis History Factbook. Retrieved 2017-08-12.
8. ^ Darrah, David (May 1, 1937). "Strike Ties Up London Buses; 26,000 Men Out". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
9. ^ "Burlesque Shows of City Are Shut as Public Menace; Moss Refuses Licenses to All, Declaring Their Displays of Nudity Are Disgraceful", The New York Times, May 2, 1937, p.1
10. ^ Davis, Andrew, Baggy Pants Comedy: Burlesque and the Oral Tradition(Palgrave Macmillan, 2011) pp. 6, 34, 49, 55, 86, 124. ISBN 978-1-137-37872-9
11. ^ "La Guardia Backs Ban on Burlesque; Pledges 'Fight to Finish' to Prevent Reopening of Houses Accused of Glorifying 'Filth'". The New York Times. May 3, 1937. p. 1.
12. ^ "Clean-Up Offer - Owner's Bid to Save Burlesque". New York Daily News. 4 May 1937. Retrieved 2014-05-24.
13. ^ "Football League 1936-37". England Football Online
14. ^ "Renowned Composer Agim Krajka Passes Away". Albania Daily News. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
15. ^ Moreau, Jordan (November 23, 2020). "Robert Garland, 'No Way Out' and 'The Electric Horseman' Writer, Dies at 83". Variety. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
16. ^ "Comedian Paid Last Tribute". Los Angeles Times. May 4, 1937. Retrieved 2024-02-11 - via Newspapers.com.
17. ^ "Marc, Fanny". Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Oxford University Press. 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00116202. ISBN 978-0-19-989991-3. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
18. ^ Eubank, Keith (2004). The Origins of World War II (Third ed.). Harlan Davidson, Inc. p. 87\. ISBN 978-1-118-81875-6.
19. ^ Denny, Harold (May 3, 1937). "50,000 in Moscow at Easter Service; Rites in 25 Churches Carried On in Face of Stern Anti-Religious Campaign". The New York Times. p. 6.
20. ^ Phillips, J. D. (May 3, 1937). "Menocal Presses for Shift in Cuba; Regime's Hold on Congress Is Threatened as Ex-President Quits Democratic Party". The New York Times. p. 5.
21. ^ "Freighter Alecto Sinks After Collision in Heavy Fog". The New York Times. May 3, 1937. p. 3.
22. ^ Christine Künzel (Hrsg.): Die letzte Kommunistin. Texte zu Gisela Elsner. konkret Literatur Verlag, Hamburg 2009. p. 22
23. ^ "Lorenzo Music – Actor, 64". The New York Times. Associated Press. August 8, 2001.
24. ^ "Wally Wins Absolute Divorce; Duke Ruses To Join Her in France— Ex-King, American-Born Woman Are Free To Marry Whenever They Choose; Date Is Secret", The Capital Times (Madison WI), May 3, 1937, p.1
25. ^ "Armed Revolt Threatens Stalin, Declare Rumors— Intenification of Of Purge Threatens Stalin, Declare Rumors", Deseret News (Salt Lake City UT), June 9, 1937, p.18
26. ^ "Envoy to Turkey Recalled by Russia", The Republican (Springfield MA), April 26, 1937, p.13
27. ^ "Soviets Slay Eight Former High Leaders— Leon Karakhan, One-Time Envoy To Turkey, Is Among Victims", United Press report in El Paso (TX) Times, December 20, 1937, p.12
28. ^ Peter Gnoss, Gurlitt's Wozzeck (Vienna: Universal Edition, 2004), available online Archived 2014-03-08 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 7 March 2014
29. ^ "Hans Cieslarczyk". National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
30. ^ Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell F.; Alegi, Gregory (1997). Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. London, UK: Grub Street. p. 155\. ISBN 978-1-898697-56-5.
31. ^ "Sudden Death – Passing of Mr P. W. Pilcher". The Boston (England) Guardian. May 7, 1937. p. 10. Retrieved October 2, 2022 - via British Newspaper Archive.
32. ^ Taylor, Edmond (May 5, 1937). "Edward Gives Wally a Ring". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
33. ^ Rachel Swatman (January 7, 2016). "Ron Carter earns world record as the most recorded jazz bassist in history". Guinness Book of World Records. Retrieved August 2, 2016.
34. ^ Feather, Leonard; Gitler, Ira (1999). "Carter, Ron (Ronald Levin)". The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 115.
35. ^ "Dick Dale Obituary". The Guardian. March 18, 2019. Archived from the original on September 16, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
36. ^ Samella S. Lewis, African American Art and Artists, University of California Press, 2003, p. 210. ISBN 0-520-23935-0
37. ^ Lisa S. Weitzman, "Edwards, Melvin 1937–", encyclopedia.com
38. ^ Aron Prujanski. Отечественные певцы. 1750—1917: Словарь. — Изд. 2-е испр. и доп., электронное. —М., 2008. // Петров Василий Родионович
39. ^ Досье личности // ПЕТРОВ Василий Родионович
40. ^ Netsaber.com.br. "Biografia de Noel Rosa". Retrieved November 30, 2012.
41. ^ McCann, Bryan (Summer 2001). "Noel Rosa's Nationalist Logic". Luso-Brazilian Review. 38 (1): 1–16. JSTOR 3513674.
42. ^ a b "North Pole Crossed by 11 Soviet Flyers; Nearby Landing Made". The Sun (Baltimore MD). Associated Press. May 22, 1937. p. 1.
43. ^ "Air Expedition of Soviets Flew Over North Pole; Landed Safely On An Ice Floe 13 Miles From the Pole, Agency Reports". Standard Sentinel (Hazleton PA). Associated Press. May 22, 1937. p. 1.
44. ^ Simkin, John (2014). "Spanish Civil War: Chronology". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
45. ^ "Calls a Truce Labor's Finest Gift to Empire". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 5, 1937. p. 1.
46. ^ "Tran Duc Long", in Historical Dictionary of Vietnam, ed. by Bruce M. Lockhart and William J. Duiker (Scarecrow Press, 2006) p. 371
47. ^ Lane, A. Thomas (1995). "Berneri, Camillo Luigi". Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders. 1: 141–142. ISBN 0-313-29899-8.
48. ^ a b Childers, Scott (2008). Chicago's WLS Radio (Images of America: Illinois). Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 40\. ISBN 9780738561943.
49. ^ Nicholas, Dean. "The Hindenburg Disaster and the End of the Airship Era". History Today. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
50. ^ "Herb Morrison – Hindenburg Disaster, 1937". Archives.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
51. ^ "Inaugurou se hontem a Sociedade Bandeirante de Radio Diffusão (Radio Society Diffusion of Bandeirante inaugurated)". Folha da Manhã (Sao Paulo). May 7, 1937.
52. ^ Burt, Elizabeth V., ed. (2000). Women's Press Organizations, 1881-1999. Greenwood. ISBN 9780313306617.
53. ^ McLaughlin, Eliott C. "Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter still fighting long after boxing days pass". CNN. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
54. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (May 8, 1937). "Rush New German Airliner". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
55. ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 1872\. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5.
56. ^ "Shall We Dance". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
57. ^ Obituary: Ryszard S. Michalski (1937–2007), by Adam Borkowski, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Science (2007)
58. ^ "Rolf Tibblin". silverpilen.net. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
59. ^ "Injuries Fatal to War Hero". The Pittsburgh Press. May 8, 1937. pp. 1, 8. Retrieved February 23, 2014.
60. ^ "George Topârceanu". www.georgetoparceanu.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved September 4, 2003.
61. ^ a b "Italian Flyer Sets World Height Mark; Goes to 51,361 feet". Chicago Sunday Tribune. May 9, 1937. p. 1\. "ROME, May 8.—(AP) Col. Mario Pezzi bettered the world record for airplanes today by flying to an indicated height of 15,655 meters [51,361 feet]."
62. ^ "British Hoots at Italian Valor Roil Mussolini". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 9, 1937. p. 1.
63. ^ "War Admiral Wins Kentucky Derby". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 9, 1937. p. 1.
64. ^ "Season in Review: 1936–37". Widnes RLFC. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
65. ^ "The Prince and the Pauper". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
66. ^ Wade, Mark. "ARS". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2014-05-08.
67. ^ "Franco Bars Evacuation of Bilbao", The Citizen (Gloucester, England), May 10, 1937, p.1
68. ^ a b c d e f Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 482\. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
69. ^ "50 Hurt in Riots at French Fete to Joan of Arc". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 19, 1937. p. 3.
70. ^ a b c d "1937". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
71. ^ "Cook, George Bradford". Lincoln Journal Star. September 7, 2014. Retrieved June 15, 2020
72. ^ ""September Morn" Creator Dies After Long Illness". Logansport Pharos-Tribune. May 11, 1937. p. 3. Retrieved September 17, 2014 - via Newspapers.com.
73. ^ Decreto No. 105433/1937, 28 May 1937, B.O., (12862), 6645 (in Spanish); prom.: 11 May 1937
74. ^ Ray, Beverly (7 August 2010). "Analyzing Political Art to Get at Historical Fact: Guernica and the Spanish Civil War". The Social Studies. 97 (4): 168–171. doi:10.3200/TSSS.97.4.168-171 - via Taylor & Francis Online.
75. ^ "Colines Vow Allegiance to New Monarch". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 11, 1937. pp. 1, 3.
76. ^ a b On the fate of Pulkovo astronomers (in Russian)
77. ^ "Pir Mehr Ali Shah". spiritualfoundation.net. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
78. ^ "King Edward VIII never had a coronation but you can still buy souvenirs"
79. ^ "A photographer in hiding", by Bryan Sage, New Scientist, 27 September 1979, pp. 954–957; here]
80. ^ Sullivan, James (2010). Seven Dirty Words: The Life and Crimes of George Carlin. Da Capo Press. ISBN 9780306818295. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
81. ^ "Government expresses condolences on the passing of Mário Viegas Carrascalão". Government of East Timor. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
82. ^ Anette Nyqvist (2018). "The Travelling Story of Pettersson in the Pacific". In Stefan Helgesson; et al. (eds.). World Literatures. Exploring the Cosmopolitan-Vernacular Exchange. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. p. 267\. doi:10.16993/bat.v. ISBN 978-91-7635-076-8. S2CID 188612485.
83. ^ "Blast Damages British Warship Off Spain; 8 Die". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 14, 1937. p. 6.
84. ^ "Jews Attacked, Shops Wrecked in Polish Riots". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 15, 1937. p. 8.
85. ^ Chani, Samuel H. (2000). "A Town with four names: Recollections of life in Poland prior to World War II". JewishGen. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
86. ^ Pringle, David (21 June 1995). "Obituary: Roger Zelazny". People. The Independent. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
87. ^ The International Who's Who 2004. Psychology Press. 2003. p. 782\. ISBN 978-1-85743-217-6.
88. ^ "Julie Blake".
89. ^ "BAYLIS, Trevor Grayham". Who's Who. Vol. 2015 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
90. ^ "Trevor Baylis: Wind-up radio inventor dies aged 80". BBC News. 5 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
91. ^ "Howard L. Resnikoff". Boston Globe. May 13, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
92. ^ "Famed 'Drummer Boy of Chikcamauga' Dies— Maj.-Gen. John Lincoln Clem Last Civil War Veteran on Army'a Active List", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 14, 1937, p.3E
93. ^ "Porto Rico Sterilization Bill Signed by Governor". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 15, 1937. p. 2.
94. ^ "Tageseinträge für 15. Mai 1937". chroniknet. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
95. ^ Kowal, Barry (November 26, 2014). "Your Hit Parade (USA) Weekly Single Charts From 1937". Hits of All Decades. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
96. ^ "Biography at The Washington Post". The Washington Post. December 15, 1999. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2009.
97. ^ Farber, Jim (August 11, 2020). "Trini Lopez, Singing Star Who Mixed Musical Styles, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
98. ^ Laybourn, Keith; James, David (1987). Keith Laybourn; David James (eds.). Philip Snowden: The First Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer. Bradford Arts, Museums and Libraries Service.
99. ^ Brunelle, Gayle K.; Finley-Croswhite, Annette (2016). Murder in the Métro. ISBN 9780807145616. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
100. ^ "Spanish Crisis Grows as Reds Block Cabinet". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 17, 1937. p. 2.
101. ^ "Curriculum Vitae of Robert B. Wilson" (PDF). Stanford University. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
102. ^ Rogers, Katie (August 19, 2015). "Yvonne Craig, Actress Who Played Batgirl, Is Dead at 78". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
103. ^ Dutt, Sujay (August 16, 2012). "Sweden's farewell to the Råsunda". UEFA. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
104. ^ Finkelman, Paul, ed. (2009). Encyclopedia of African American History Volume 4. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 11.
105. ^ "Edward Sets June 3 For Wedding to Wally". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 18, 1937. p. 1.
106. ^ Darrah, David (May 19, 1937). "Have No Faith in League, Baldwin Advises Britain". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
107. ^ a b Schultz, Sigrid (May 20, 1937). "Nazis Angered by Mundelein's Blow at Hitler". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 11.
108. ^ Moritz, Charles (1974). Current Biography Yearbook: 1973. H. W. Wilson Company. p. 363.
109. ^ "Tageseinträge für 19. Mai 1937". chroniknet. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
110. ^ Forrester, Wade (May 19, 2014). "May 19, 1937: The Battle at Sportsman's Park". On This Day in Cardinal Nation. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
111. ^ Peter Rollberg (2009). Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema. US: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 336–337. ISBN 978-0-8108-6072-8.
112. ^ "Hamroyev Ali Ergashevich". Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (in Uzbek). Toshkent. 2000–2005.`{{cite encyclopedia}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
113. ^ Lewis, Ellistine P. (1994). "Selika, Marie Smith (c. 1849–1937)". Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 1022–1023. ISBN 0-253-32774-1.
114. ^ "J. Henry Roraback Suicide: Found Shot To Death Outside Of His Home". The Meriden Daily Journal. Meriden, Connecticut. Associated Press (AP). May 19, 1937. p. 1. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
115. ^ Willmott, H. P. (2010) The Last Century of Sea Power: From Washington to Tokyo, 1922–1945, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-35214-9 pp. 24–25
116. ^ Brewer, Sam (May 21, 1937). "New 'Sailor King' Reviews Might of British Fleet". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
117. ^ "Joy of Six: Broadcasting under the influence". The Guardian. June 16, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
118. ^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1937-05-20). "Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, May 20, 1937, Image 4". p. 4\. ISSN 1072-9283. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
119. ^ "The 1937 Champion: Denny Shute", PGA Media Guide
120. ^ Pinals, Robert S.; Golden, Eve (March 2012). "A Hollywood Mystery: The Untimely Death of Jean Harlow" (PDF). Journal of Clinical Rheumatology. 18 (2): 106–108. doi:10.1097/RHU.0b013e3182480247. PMID 22367693.
121. ^ Davies, Gareth; Garland, Ian (1991). Who's Who of Welsh International Soccer Players. Bridge Books. p. 47\. ISBN 1-872424-11-2.
122. ^ "North Pole Drifting Stations (1930s-1980s)". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 2011-08-17. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
123. ^ F. Spencer Chapman, Helvellyn to Himalaya: Including an Account of the First Ascent of Chomolhari (London: Chatto & Windus, 1940)
124. ^ "Refugee Children", Southampton Stories
125. ^ "Cuxhaven in Black for Hindenburg Dead". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. May 22, 1937. p. 1.
126. ^ "Tageseinträge für 21. Mai 1937". chroniknet. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
127. ^ "Profile: Mengistu Haile Mariam". 2006-12-12. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
128. ^ "Murderer Dies on Gallows at Galena Today". Carthage Evening Press. May 21, 1937. p. 1\. Archived from the original on 2024-07-01. Retrieved 2024-06-24 - via Newspapers.com.
129. ^ Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates:a society in transition. London: Motivate. p. 252\. ISBN 1860631673. OCLC 64689681.
130. ^ "North Pole Claim Is Made by Soviet as Tent City Rises; But Washington Doubts Rights Where There Is No Land, Only International Waters", by Harold Denny, The New York Times, May 23, 1937, p.1
131. ^ "Russians Settle North Pole As Air Base on U.S. Route", AP report in The Atlanta Constitution, May 22, 1937, p.1
132. ^ "Levanevsky on Soviet-U. S. Flight To Be First to Use New Polar Base", The New York Times, May 24, 1937, p.1
133. ^ Rosefielde, Steven (2010). Red Holocaust. Routledge. p. 266\. ISBN 978-1-135-19518-2.
134. ^ "Memories of Southampton's Spanish children will be saved". University of Southampton. January 7, 2009. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
135. ^ Hoare, Gerald (23 February 2017). "Passengers on the 'Habana'".
136. ^ "Trotsky Describes 4th International; 'Tens of Thousands' Enrolled in 30 Nations in Loosely Knit Group, He Asserts", The New York Times, May 24, 1937, p.1
137. ^ Hernandez Garcia de Leon, Hector (1990). The Sinarquista Movement with special reference to the period 1934-1944. London School of Economics and Political Science (phd). London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
138. ^ [http://the305.com/2013/09/01/1937-amelia-earharts-plane-landing-in-miami-at-opa-locka-airport/ "1937: Amelia Earhart's Plane Landing in Miami", September 1, 2013, The305.com
139. ^ Tyrrell, John (2001). The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians: Volume 19. ISBN 9780195170672. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
140. ^ "John D. Rockefeller Dies at 97 in His Florida Home; Succumbs in Sleep; Suffers Heart Attack Suddenly After Brief Period in Coma", The New York Times, May 24, 1937, p.1
141. ^ "Pete Knight, World's Best Bronk Rider, Killed By Horse in Front of Wife Two Seconds Before Ride Due to End; Was Bucked Off and Trampled in Stampede", The Calgary Daily Herald, May 24, 1937, p.1
142. ^ Lind, L.R. (1997). "Pelham Horton Box, Modern Historian (1898-1937)". Classical and Modern Literature: A Quarterly. 18. Terre Haute: CML: 108.
143. ^ J. Arch Getty and Oleg V. Naumov, The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932-1939 (Yale University Press, 2010) pp.448–449
144. ^ Levy, Robert A.; Mellor, William H. (2008). "Promoting the General Welfare". The Dirty Dozen: How Twelve Supreme Court Cases Radically Expanded Government and Eroded Freedom. New York: Sentinel. pp. 19–36. ISBN 978-1-59523-050-8.
145. ^ "Social Security History".
146. ^ Jaffe, Chris (May 25, 2012). "75th anniversary: Mickey Cochrane gets beaned". Hardball Times. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
147. ^ "Join Fascists or Quit Italy, Duce to Jews". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 26, 1937. p. 1.
148. ^ "Nazis Order 200 Catholic Papers to Cease Issue". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 28, 1937. p. 11.
149. ^ "HAYASHI GROUP IS DENOUNCED Major Japanese Parties Demand That Cabinet Quit—Battle Looms". Tribune. Philippines. Associated Press. 29 May 1937. Page 1, column 7. Retrieved 7 May 2024 - via Trove.
150. ^ Darrah, David (May 29, 1937). "King Forbids Wally Title of 'Your Highness'". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
151. ^ "CHINA TO JAPAN". Townsville Daily Bulletin. 1937-06-01. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
152. ^ "OPPOSED BY CHINA". Northern Miner. 1937-05-31. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
153. ^ "Ciudad de Barcelona - 30th May 1937". Ciudad de Barcelona 1937. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
154. ^ "Tageseinträge für 31. Mai 1937". chroniknet. Retrieved September 9, 2015.

* v
* t
* e

Events by month

1941|

* Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec

1940|

* Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec

1939|

* Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec

1938|

* Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec

1937|

* Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec

1936|

* Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec

1935|

* Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec

1934|

* Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec

1933|

* Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec

1932|

* Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template