Mediterranean horseshoe bat

Species of bat

Mediterranean horseshoe bat

Conservation status

Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)[1]

Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Mammalia
Order:  | Chiroptera
Family:  | Rhinolophidae
Genus:  | Rhinolophus
Species:  |

R. euryale

Binomial name
Rhinolophus euryale

Blasius, 1853

Mediterranean horseshoe bat range

The Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale) is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in the Mediterranean region and Balkan peninsula, as well as parts of Italy.

## Physical characteristics

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The head and body are normally between 43 and 58 millimetres (1.7 and 2.3 in), with a 22–30 millimetres (0.87–1.18 in) tail. The wingspan of R. euryale is between 30 and 32 centimetres (12 and 13 in), with a standard weight between 8 and 17.5 grams (0.28 and 0.62 oz). The upper connecting process is pointed and slightly bent downwards, and is distinctly longer than the lower connecting process, which is broadly rounded when seen from below.

The fur is fluffy, with a light grey base. The dorsal side is grey-brown, with sometimes a slight reddish tinge, while the ventral side is grey-white or yellow-white.[2]

## Biology and behaviour

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There is little known information about the Mediterranean horseshoe bat's reproductive cycle. Nurseries normally hold between 50 and 400 females, with males sometimes present. The colonies in the summer and winter are very large and they are surrounded by small satellite colonies. The main colonies are in caves and can include over 5,000 animals, the satellite colonies include dozens to hundreds of animals. In the summer, colonies are mixed with other species. In Bulgaria the Mediterranean Horseshoe bat is living with the Blasius's horseshoe bat and the Mehely's horseshoe bat. The species is very sensitive to disturbance. The birth occurs from mid-June or July. At the age of four weeks, the young become independent. Females give their first birth at the age of 2–3 years. Mating takes place in the Autumn in caves, but may continue in the winter roosts.[3]

## Conservation

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As of 2016, the Mediterranean Horseshoe bat is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List with reports of general population decline in the last 27 years.[4] The general population decline is attributed to the increase in agriculture and urbanization causing the loss of vegetation R. euryale uses to forage for insects.[4] R. euryale mainly roost in caves and underground shelters, making them prone to disturbances from caving or cave tourism. Protecting their roosting sites is considered an important long term conservation strategy.[5]

## References

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1. ^ Juste, J.; Alcaldé, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus euryale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19516A21971185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19516A21971185.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
2. ^ Schober, Wilfried; Eckard Grimmberger (1989). Dr. Robert E. Stebbings (ed.). A Guide to Bats of Britain and Europe (1st ed.). UK: Hamlyn Publishing Group. ISBN 0-600-56424-X.
3. ^ "Rhinolophus euryale", Science for Nature Foundation
4. ^ a b IUCN (2016-04-25). "Rhinolophus euryale: Juste, J. & Alcaldé, J.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T19516A21971185". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t19516a21971185.en. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
5. ^ Russo, Danilo; Jones, Gareth; Migliozzi, Antonello (September 2002). "Habitat selection by the Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in a rural area of southern Italy and implications for conservation". Biological Conservation. 107 (1): 71–81\. Bibcode:2002BCons.107...71R. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00047-2.71-81&rft.date=2002-09&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00047-2&rft_id=info:bibcode/2002BCons.107...71R&rft.aulast=Russo&rft.aufirst=Danilo&rft.au=Jones,+Gareth&rft.au=Migliozzi,+Antonello&rft_id=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320702000472&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Mediterranean+horseshoe+bat" class="Z3988">

* v
* t
* e

Extant species of family Rhinolophidae

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Infraclass: Eutheria
* Superorder: Laurasiatheria
* Order: Chiroptera

Rhinolophus|

* Acuminate horseshoe bat (R. acuminatus)
* Adam's horseshoe bat (R. adami)
* Intermediate horseshoe bat (R. affinis)
* Halcyon horseshoe bat (R. alcyone)
* Arcuate horseshoe bat (R. arcuatus)
* Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (R. beddomei)
* R. belligerator
* Blasius's horseshoe bat (R. blasii)
* Bokhara horseshoe bat (R. bocharicus)
* Bornean horseshoe bat (R. borneensis)
* Canut's horseshoe bat(R. canuti)
* Cohen's horseshoe bat (R. cohenae)
* Cape horseshoe bat (R. capensis)
* Sulawesi horseshoe bat (R. celebensis)
* Chiewkwee's horseshoe bat (R. chiewkweeae)
* Geoffroy's horseshoe bat (R. clivosus)
* Croslet horseshoe bat (R. coelophyllus)
* Andaman horseshoe bat (R. cognatus)
* Convex horseshoe bat (R. convexus)
* Little Japanese horseshoe bat (R. cornutus)
* Creagh's horseshoe bat (R. creaghi)
* Darling's horseshoe bat (R. darlingi)
* Decken's horseshoe bat (R. deckenii)
* Dent's horseshoe bat (R. denti)
* Eloquent horseshoe bat (R. eloquens)
* Mediterranean horseshoe bat (R. euryale)
* Broad-eared horseshoe bat (R. euryotis)
* Greater horseshoe bat (R. ferrumequinum)
* Formosan woolly horseshoe bat (R. formosae)
* Rüppell's horseshoe bat (R. fumigatus)
* Guinean horseshoe bat (R. guineensis)
* Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat (R. hildebrandti)
* R. hilli
* R. hillorum
* Lesser horseshoe bat (R. hipposideros)
* R. huananus
* Imaizumi's horseshoe bat (R. imaizumii)
* R. indorouxii
* Philippine forest horseshoe bat (R. inops)
* Insular horseshoe bat (R. keyensis)
* Lander's horseshoe bat (R. landeri)
* Blyth's horseshoe bat (R. lepidus)
* Woolly horseshoe bat (R. luctus)
* Mount Mabu horseshoe bat (R. mabuensis)
* Maclaud's horseshoe bat (R. maclaudi)
* Big-eared horseshoe bat (R. macrotis)
* Madura horseshoe bat (R. madurensis)
* Maendeleo horseshoe bat (R. maendeleo)
* Malayan horseshoe bat (R. malayanus)
* Marshall's horseshoe bat (R. marshalli)
* R. mcintyrei
* Smaller horseshoe bat (R. megaphyllus)
* Mehely's horseshoe bat (R. mehelyi)
* R. microglobosus
* Mitred horseshoe bat (R. mitratus)
* Formosan lesser horseshoe bat (R. monoceros)
* Timorese horseshoe bat (R. montanus)
* Mozambican horseshoe bat (R. mossambicus)
* Neriad horseshoe bat (R. nereis)
* Osgood's horseshoe bat (R. osgoodi)
* Bourret's horseshoe bat (R. paradoxolophus)
* Pearson's horseshoe bat (R. pearsonii)
* Large-eared horseshoe bat (R. philippinensis)
* R. proconsulis
* Least horseshoe bat (R. pusillus)
* King horseshoe bat (R. rex)
* Peninsular horseshoe bat (R. robinsoni)
* Rufous horseshoe bat (R. rouxii)
* Large rufous horseshoe bat (R. rufus)
* Ruwenzori horseshoe bat (R. ruwenzorii)
* Sakeji horseshoe bat (R. sakejiensis)
* Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (R. sedulus)
* Shamel's horseshoe bat (R. shameli)
* Shortridge's horseshoe bat (R. shortridgei)
* Thai horseshoe bat (R. siamensis)
* Forest horseshoe bat (R. silvestris)
* Bushveld horseshoe bat (R. simulator)
* Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (R. sinicus)
* Smithers's horseshoe bat (R. smithersi)
* Lesser brown horseshoe bat (R. stheno)
* Little Nepalese horseshoe bat (R. subbadius)
* Small rufous horseshoe bat (R. subrufus)
* Swinny's horseshoe bat (R. swinnyi)
* R. tatar
* R. thailandensis
* Thomas's horseshoe bat (R. thomasi)
* Trefoil horseshoe bat (R. trifoliatus)
* Yellow-faced horseshoe bat (R. virgo)
* R. xinanzhongguoensis
* Dobson's horseshoe bat (R. yunanensis)
* Ziama horseshoe bat (R. ziama)

Taxon identifiers

Rhinolophus euryale|

* Wikidata: Q282863
* Wikispecies: Rhinolophus euryale
* ARKive: rhinolophus-euryale
* BioLib: 2253
* BOLD: 84658
* CoL: 4S977
* CMS: rhinolophus-euryale
* EoL: 328769
* EPPO: RHLPEU
* Fauna Europaea: 305386
* Fauna Europaea (new): a5c3e378-0ebb-40fc-b33b-9b4123d78132
* GBIF: 2432621
* iNaturalist: 40677
* IRMNG: 10233939
* ITIS: 631428
* IUCN: 19516
* MDD: 1004682
* MSW: 13800525
* NBN: NHMSYS0000377177
* NCBI: 109476
* Observation.org: 87191
* Open Tree of Life: 353435
* Paleobiology Database: 94476
* WoRMS: 1049411
* Xeno-canto: Rhinolophus-euryale

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