Menander (general)

Menander (Ancient Greek: Μένανδρος; fl. 4th century BC) was an officer in the service of Alexander the Great. He was one of those called etairoi, but he held the command of a body of mercenaries. He was appointed by Alexander to the government of Lydia, during the settlement of the affairs of Asia made by Alexander when at Tyre (331 BC). Menander appears to have remained at that post until the year 323 BC, when he was commissioned to lead a reinforcement of troops to Alexander at Babylon -- he arrived there just before the king's last illness.[1] In the division of the provinces, after the death of Alexander, Menander received his former government of Lydia, of which he was quick to take possession. [2]

He appears soon to have attached himself to the party of Antigonus and was the first to give Antigonus information about the ambitious schemes of Perdiccas for marrying Cleopatra.[3] In the new distribution of the provinces at Triparadisus (321 BC) he lost the government of Lydia, which was given to Cleitus;[3] but this was probably only in order that he might liaise more easily with Antigonus, as illustrated by him commanding a part of Antigonus's army in the first campaign against Eumenes (320 BC). The following year, Menander learnt of the escape of Eumenes from Nora, and advanced with an army into Cappadocia to attack him, forcing him to take refuge in Cilicia.[4] After this, there is no further records about Menander.

## Notes

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1. ^ Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri, iii. 6, vii. 23
2. ^ Photius, Bibliotheca, cod. 82, cod. 92; Justin, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus, xiii. 4[usurped]; Curtius Rufus, Historiae Alexandri Magni, x. 10; Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca, xviii. 3
3. ^ a b Photius, cod. 92
4. ^ Plutarch, Parallel Lives, "Eumenes", 9; Diodorus, xviii. 59

## References

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* Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Menander (1)"[usurped], Boston, (1867)
* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)

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Alexander the Great's Generals

Philip II's Generals|

* Attalus
* Parmenion
* Antipater
* Eumenes

The Somatophylakes
(Alexander's bodyguards)|

* Aristonous (to 323 BC)
* Arybbas (to 332 BC)
* Balacrus (to 333 BC)
* Demetrius (to 331 BC)
* Lysimachus (to 323 BC)
* Ptolemy (son of Seleucus) (to 333 BC)
* Peithon (to 323 BC)
* Hephaestion (to 324 BC)
* Menes (to 330 BC)
* Leonnatus (to 323 BC)
* Perdiccas (to 323 BC)
* Ptolemy (to 323 BC)
* Peucestas (to 323 BC)

Satraps at the
Partition of Babylon
(323 BC)|

* Antipater (Macedon and Greece)
* Philo (Illyria)
* Lysimachus (Thrace)
* Leonnatus (Hellespontine Phrygia)
* Antigonus (Phrygia)
* Asander (Caria)
* Nearchus (Lycia and Pamphylia)
* Menander (Lydia)
* Philotas(3) (Cilicia)
* Eumenes (Cappadocia and Paphlagonia)
* Ptolemy (Egypt)
* Laomedon of Mytilene (Syria)
* Neoptolemus (Armenia)
* Peucestas (Babylonia)
* Arcesilaus (Mesopotamia)
* Peithon (Media)
* Tlepolemus (Persia)
* Nicanor(2) (Parthia)
* Antigenes (Susiana)
* Archon (Pelasgia)
* Philip (Hyrcania)
* Stasanor (Aria and Drangiana)
* Sibyrtius (Arachosia and Gedrosia)
* Amyntas (Bactria)
* Scythaeus (Sogdiana)

Satraps at the
Partition of Triparadisus
(321 BC)|

* Antipater (Macedon and Greece)
* Lysimachus (Thrace)
* Arrhidaeus (Hellespontine Phrygia)
* Antigonus (Phrygia, Lycia and Pamphylia)
* Cassander (Caria)
* Cleitus the White (Lydia)
* Philoxenus (Cilicia)
* Nicanor(2) (Cappadocia and Paphlagonia)
* Ptolemy (Egypt)
* Laomedon of Mytilene (Syria)
* Peucestas (Persia)
* Amphimachus (Mesopotamia)
* Peithon (Media)
* Tlepolemus (Carmania)
* Philip (Parthia)
* Antigenes (Susiana)
* Seleucus (Babylonia)
* Stasanor (Bactria and Sogdiana)
* Stasander (Aria and Drangiana)
* Sibyrtius (Arachosia and Gedrosia)

Cavalry Generals|

* Perdiccas
* Hephaestion
* Philotas(4)
* Ptolemy
* Cleitus the Black
* Antigonus
* Lysimachus
* Menander
* Leonnatus
* Laomedon of Mytilene
* Neoptolemus
* Erigyius
* Aretes
* Ariston of Paionia

Infantry Generals|

* Meleager
* Craterus
* Seleucus
* Polyperchon
* Antigenes
* Coenus
* Ptolemy (son of Seleucus)

Other or unknown
command|

* Alcetas
* Amphimachus
* Amyntas
* Arcesilas
* Archon
* Asander
* Cleitus the White
* Nearchus
* Nicanor(1)
* Nicanor(2)
* Peithon
* Peucestas
* Philip
* Philo
* Philotas(3)
* Philoxenus
* Scythaeus
* Sibyrtius
* Stasanor
* Stasander
* Tlepolemus

(1) Son of Parmenion, d. 330 BC; to be distinguished from (2)

(2) Satrap at Partition of Babylon; possibly Nicanor of Stageira
(3) Satrap at Partition of Babylon

(4) Son of Parmenion, d. 330 BC; to be distinguished from (3)

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Hellenistic satraps

Satraps under Alexander the Great
(334-323 BC)|

* Ada (Queen of Caria)
* Asander, Menander (Lydia)
* Calas, Demarchus (Hellespontine Phrygia)
* Antigonus (Greater Phrygia)
* Balakros, Menes (Cilicia)
* Abistamenes (Cappadocia)
* Abdalonymus (Sidon)
* Mithrenes (Armenia)
* Mazaeus, Stamenes (Babylon)
* Mazakes (Mesopotamia)
* Abulites (Susiana)
* Oxydates, Atropates (Media)
* Phrasaortes, Oxines, Peucestas (Persis)
* Cleomenes of Naucratis (Egypt)
* Satibarzanes (Aria)
* Sibyrtius (Carmania)
* Autophradates (Tapuri, Mardi)
* Andragoras (Parthia)
* Amminapes, Phrataphernes, Pharismanes (Hyrcania and Parthia)
* Artabazos, Cleitus the Black, Amyntas (Bactria)
* Oxyartes (Paropamisia)
* Philip, Eudemus (India)
* Peithon, son of Agenor (Gandhara)
* Taxiles (Punjab)
* Porus (Indus)

Satraps at the
Partition of Babylon
(323 BC)|

* Antipater (Macedon and Greece)
* Philo (Illyria)
* Lysimachus (Thrace)
* Leonnatus (Hellespontine Phrygia)
* Antigonus (Phrygia)
* Asander (Caria)
* Nearchus (Lycia and Pamphylia)
* Menander (Lydia)
* Philotas (Cilicia)
* Eumenes (Cappadocia and Paphlagonia)
* Ptolemy (Egypt)
* Laomedon of Mytilene (Syria)
* Neoptolemus (Armenia)
* Peucestas (Persis)
* Arcesilaus (Mesopotamia)
* Peithon (Greater Media)
* Atropates (Lesser Media)
* Scynus (Susiana)
* Tlepolemus (Persia)
* Nicanor (Parthia)
* Phrataphernes (Armenia, Parthia)
* Antigenes (Susiana)
* Archon (Pelasgia)
* Philip (Hyrcania)
* Stasanor (Aria and Drangiana)
* Sibyrtius (Arachosia and Gedrosia)
* Amyntas (Bactria)
* Scythaeus (Sogdiana)
* Oxyartes (Paropamisia)
* Taxiles (Punjab)
* Peithon, son of Agenor (Gandhara)
* Porus (Indus)

Satraps at the
Partition of Triparadisus
(321 BC)|

* Antipater (Macedon and Greece)
* Lysimachus (Thrace)
* Arrhidaeus (Hellespontine Phrygia)
* Antigonus (Phrygia, Lycia and Pamphylia)
* Cassander (Caria)
* Cleitus the White (Lydia)
* Philoxenus (Cilicia)
* Nicanor (Cappadocia and Paphlagonia)
* Ptolemy (Egypt)
* Laomedon of Mytilene (Syria)
* Peucestas (Persis)
* Amphimachus (Mesopotamia)
* Peithon (Media)
* Tlepolemus (Carmania)
* Philip (Parthia)
* Antigenes (Susiana)
* Seleucus (Babylonia)
* Stasanor (Bactria and Sogdiana)
* Stasander (Aria and Drangiana)
* Sibyrtius (Arachosia and Gedrosia)
* Oxyartes (Paropamisia)
* Taxiles (Punjab)
* Peithon, son of Agenor (Gandhara)
* Porus (Indus)

Later Satraps|

* Peithon, son of Agenor (Babylon)
* Sibyrtius (Arachosia, Drangiana)
* Eudemus (Indus)
* Bagadates, Ardakhshir I, Wahbarz, Vadfradad I, Vadfradad II, Alexander c. 220 BC (Persis)
* Andragoras (Parthia)
* Demodamas (Bactria, Sogdiana)
* Diodotus (Bactria)
* Alexander (Lydia)
* Molon c. 220 BC, Timarchus, c. 175 BC (Media)
* Apollodorus (Susiana)
* Ptolemaeus (Commagene)
* Noumenios, Hyspaosines c. 150 BC (Characene)

Hellenistic satraps were preceded by Achaemenid rulers, and followed or ruled by Hellenistic rulers
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