Menora (dance)

Thailand theatrical performance

For other uses, see Menora (disambiguation), Manora (disambiguation), and Nora (disambiguation).

Manora

Native name| Manora (Thai)
Etymology| Thai: มโนราห์, romanized: Manora
Instrument(s)| drums, gongs, cymbals and wooden clappers
Inventor| Siamese
Origin| Southern Thailand
Nora, dance drama in southern Thailand

UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage

Country| Thailand
Domains| Oral traditions and expressions, performing arts, social practices, traditional craftsmanship
Criteria| R.1, R.2, R.3, R.4, R.5
Reference| 1587
Region| Asia and the Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription| 2021 (16th session)
List| Representative

Menora or Manora (มโนราห์, pronounced [mā.nōː.rāː]), sometimes shortened as Nora (โนรา, pronounced [nōː.rāː]) is traditional Siamese theatrical, musical, and acrobatic dance performance originated from the southern regions of Thailand.[1] Having similar plots adopted from Jataka tales of Manohara, this kind of performance is related to the Lakhon chatri (ละครชาตรี), another Siamese arts performance originating from central Thailand. Over five hundred years old, Nora is performed in Thailand's local community centres and at temple fairs and cultural events, and is passed on through training by masters in homes, community organizations and educational institutions.[1] In Malaysia, the practice of Menora has significantly declined since it has been banned by the government of Kelantan, which considers this kind of cultural performance as haram (lit. ‘forbidden’)[2] for being involved with polytheism.[3]

In 2021, Nora was officially recognized by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.[1]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "Nora, dance drama in southern Thailand". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 2021.
2. ^ Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi (26 March 2016). The Laws of Islam (PDF). Enlight Press. ISBN 978-0994240989. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
3. ^ New Straits Times (26 January 2020). "Kelantan has no plans to lift ban on Menora". New Straits Times.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Ginsburg, Henry D. (1972). "The Menora dance-drama: an introduction" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 60 (2): 169–181.
* Hemmet, Christine (1992). "Le Nora du sud de la Thaïlande: un culte aux ancêtres". Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient. 79 (2): 261–282. doi:10.3406/befeo.1992.1881. JSTOR 43731384.
* Kershaw, Roger (1982). "A Little Drama of Ethnicity: Some Sociological Aspects of the Kelantan Manora". Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science. 10 (1): 69–95. doi:10.1163/156853182X00056. JSTOR 24490909.
* "CORRIGENDA: A Little Drama of Ethnicity: Some Sociological Aspects of the Kelantan Manora". Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science. 10 (2): 118. 1982. doi:10.1163/156853182X00191. JSTOR 24490818.
* Plowright, Poh Sim (November 1998). "The Art of Manora: an Ancient Tale of Feminine Power Preserved in South-East Asian Theatre". New Theatre Quarterly. 14 (56): 373–394. doi:10.1017/S0266464X00012458. S2CID 193245274.
* Sheppard, Mubin (1973). "MANORA in KELANTAN". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 46 (1 (223)): 160–170. JSTOR 41492072.
* Simmonds, E. H. S. (1967). "'Mahōrasop' in a Thai Manōrā Manuscript". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 30 (2): 391–403. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00062297. JSTOR 611002. S2CID 177913499.
* Simmonds, E. H. S. (1971). "'Mahōrasop' II: The Thai National Library Manuscript". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 34 (1): 119–131. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00141618. JSTOR 614627. S2CID 162819400.
* Sooi-Beng, Tan (1988). "The Thai 'Menora' in Malaysia: Adapting to the Penang Chinese Community". Asian Folklore Studies. 47 (1): 19–34. doi:10.2307/1178249. JSTOR 1178249.

* v
* t
* e

UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage: Representative List

Africa|

* Aka music
* Chopi timbila
* Garifuna culture
* Afounkaha Gbofe
* Gẹlẹdẹ
* Gule Wamkulu
* Ifá
* Ijele Masquerade
* Kamablon re-roofing
* Kankurang
* Manden Charter
* Mauritian Sega
* Mbende Jerusarema
* Ritual dance of the royal drum
* Sega tambour of Rodrigues Island
* Sosso Bala
* Ugandan barkcloth making
* Vimbuza healing dance
* Yaaral and Degal
* Zafimaniry woodcrafting
* Zambian Makishi Festival

Arab States|

* Ahellil
* Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah
* Bedu culture at Petra and Wadi Rum
* Iraqi maqam
* Jemaa el-Fnaa
* Palestinian hikaye
* Shashmaqam
* Song of Sana'a
* Taghribat Bani Hilal
* Tan-Tan Moussem

Asia and Pacific|

* Acupuncture and Moxibustion
* Ainu dance
* Akiu no Taue Odori
* Akyn
* Angklung
* "Arirang"
* Bakhshi music
* Batik
* Baul tradition of Bangladesh
* Beijing opera
* Bokator
* Boysun District
* Bunraku
* Cantonese opera
* Ca trù
* Chakkirako
* Cheoyongmu
* Chhau dance
* Chinese architecture
* Chinese block printing
* Chinese calligraphy
* Chinese paper cutting
* Chinese seal engraving
* Chinese shadow puppetry
* Daemokjang
* Daimokutate
* Dainichido Bugaku
* Darangen Epic
* Dragon Boat Festival
* Drametse Ngacham
* Durga Puja in Kolkata
* Epic of King Gesar
* Gagaku
* Gagok
* Ganggangsullae
* Gangneung Danoje Festival
* Gimjang
* Gióng Festival
* Gong culture
* Grand Song
* Guqin
* Guqin music
* Haenyeo
* Hansan Mosi
* Hayachine Kagura
* Hitachi Furyumono
* Hua'er
* Hudhud Chants
* Indonesian kris
* Jamdani
* Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut
* Jultagi
* Kabuki
* Kalbelia
* Kashan rug
* Katta Ashula
* Khon
* Khoomei
* Koshikijima no Toshidon
* Kumbh Mela
* Kumiodori
* Kunqu
* Koodiyattam
* Ladkah Buddhist chantings
* Lakalaka
* Lenj boats
* Lhamo
* Longquan celadon
* Mak yong
* Manipuri Sankirtana
* Mangal Shobhajatra
* Mazu belief
* Meshrep
* Mibu no Hana Taue
* Morin khuur
* Mosie ramie
* Mudiyett
* Muqam
* Naadam
* Namsadang Nori
* Nanyin
* Naqqāli
* Nhã nhạc
* Noh
* Nora
* Nowruz
* Afghan
* Uzbekistani
* Nuad Thai
* Oku-noto no Aenokoto
* Pencak silat
* Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals
* Pansori
* Pinisi
* Pungmul
* Quan họ
* Radif
* Ramlila
* Ramman
* Royal ballet of Cambodia
* Regong arts
* Royal Ancestral Ritual
* Sada Shin Noh
* Saman dance
* Sand drawing
* Sbek Toch
* Sekishu-Banshi
* Shiraz rug
* Songkran in Thailand
* Ssireum
* Taekkyeon
* Ta'zīye
* Thathera utensil craft
* Tugging rituals and games
* Urtiin Duu
* Vedic chantings
* Wayang
* Xi'an ensemble
* Xuan paper
* Yamahoko
* Yeondeunghoe
* Yeongsanjae
* Yoga
* Yūki-tsumugi
* Yunjin

Europe and
North America|

* Albanian iso-polyphony
* Ashiqs of Azerbaijan
* Ashik
* Aubusson tapestry
* Azerbaijani carpet
* weaving
* Azerbaijani tar
* Baltic song and dance celebrations
* Bećarac
* Busójárás
* Călușari
* Cante Alentejano
* Cantu a tenore
* Carnival of Binche
* Castell
* Chovgan
* Christmas Tsars
* Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia and Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia
* Copper craftsmanship of Lahij
* Croatian lacemaking
* Daina
* Dancing procession of Echternach
* Daredevils of Sassoun
* Doina
* Duduk
* Fado
* Falconry
* Falles of the Pyrenees
* La Mare de Déu de la Salut Festival
* Festivity of Saint Blaise
* Flamenco
* French timber framing scribing
* Fujara
* Georgian vocal polyphony
* Horezu ceramics
* Houtem Jaarmarkt
* Istrian scale
* Jem
* Karagöz and Hacivat
* Kelaghayi
* Keşkek
* Khachkar
* Kihnu culture
* Kırkpınar
* Klapa
* Lithuanian cross crafting
* Kvevri wine
* La Patum
* Lefkaritika
* Licitar
* Ljelje/Kraljice
* Makishi Festival
* Moldovan Christmas Carols
* Maloya
* Manas
* Meddah
* Mediterranean diet
* Mesir Macunu
* Mugham
* Mystery Play of Elche
* Nestinarstvo
* Nijemo Kolo
* Nowruz
* Azerbaijani
* Turkish
* Ojkanje
* Olonkho
* Opera dei Pupi
* Petrykivka decorative painting
* Procession of the Holy Blood
* Sama
* Sauna culture in Finland
* Semeiskie culture
* Seto leelo
* Silbo Gomero
* Sinjska alka
* Slovácko Verbuňk
* Turkish Sohbet
* The Song of the Sibyl
* Suiti Cultural Space
* Sutartinės
* Táncház
* Turkish coffee
* Violins craftsmanship of Cremona
* Wajãpi culture
* Wooden toys of Hrvatsko Zagorje
* Za križen
* Zvončari

Caribbean and
Latin America|

* Carnaval de Barranquilla
* Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella
* Candombe
* Carnaval de Negros y Blancos
* Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão
* Carnaval de Oruro
* Ceviche
* Círio de Nazaré
* Cocolo
* Costa Rican oxherding
* Dancing Devils of Yare
* Danza de los Voladores
* Danza de tijeras
* Frevo
* Garifuna culture
* Gióng Festival
* Harakmbut
* Huaconada
* Indigenous Day of the Dead
* Kallawaya culture
* Mexican cuisine
* Moore Town's Maroon Heritage
* Panama hat
* Parachico
* Peña de Bernal
* Pirekua
* Popayán Holy Week processions
* Pütchipü'ü
* Quyllurit'i
* Rabinal Achí
* Samba de Roda
* San Basilio de Palenque
* South Pacific Colombian marimba
* Tango
* Taquile textiles
* Tumba francesa
* Vallenato
* Wajãpi culture
* Yaokwa
* Záparo culture

*[lit.]: literal translation
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template