Meuse

River in western Europe

For the French administrative division, see Meuse (department).

Meuse

The Meuse at Dinant

Basin of the Meuse

Native name|

* Meuse (French)
* Moûze (Walloon)
* Maas (Dutch)
* Maos (Limburgish)

Location
Countries|

* France
* Belgium
* Netherlands

Region| Western Europe
Cities|

* Verdun (France)
* Sedan (France)
* Charleville-Mézières (France)
* Namur (Belgium)
* Liège (Belgium)
* Maastricht (Netherlands)
* Venlo (Netherlands)
* Rotterdam (Netherlands)

Physical characteristics
Source|
• location| Pouilly-en-Bassigny, Le Châtelet-sur-Meuse, Haute-Marne, Grand Est, France
• coordinates| 47°59′12″N 5°37′00″E﻿ / ﻿47.9867°N 5.6167°E﻿ / 47.9867; 5.6167
• elevation| 409 m (1,342 ft)
Mouth| North Sea

• location

| Hollands Diep, North Brabant/South Holland, Netherlands

• coordinates

| 51°42′54″N 4°40′04″E﻿ / ﻿51.715°N 4.6678°E﻿ / 51.715; 4.6678

• elevation

| 0 m (0 ft)
Length| 925 km (575 mi)
Basin size| 34,548 km2 (13,339 sq mi)
Discharge|
• average| 350 m3/s (12,000 cu ft/s)
[1]

The Meuse[a] or Maas[b] is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).

## History

[edit]

From 1301, the upper Meuse roughly marked the western border of the Holy Roman Empire with the Kingdom of France, after Count Henry III of Bar had to receive the western part of the County of Bar (Barrois mouvant) as a French fief from the hands of King Philip IV. In 1408, a Burgundian army led by John the Fearless went to the aid of John III against the citizens of Liège, who were in open revolt. After the battle, which saw the men from Liège defeated, John ordered the drowning in the Meuse of burghers and noblemen in Liège whose loyalties he suspected.[6]

The border remained relatively stable until the annexation of the Three Bishoprics Metz, Toul and Verdun by King Henry II in 1552 and the occupation of the Duchy of Lorraine by the forces of King Louis XIII in 1633. Its lower Belgian (Walloon) portion, part of the sillon industriel, was the first fully industrialized area in continental Europe.[7]

The Afgedamde Maas was created in the late Middle Ages, when a major flood made a connection between the Maas and the Merwede at the town of Woudrichem. From that moment on, the current Afgedamde Maas was the main branch of the lower Meuse. The former main branch eventually silted up and is today called the Oude Maasje. In the late 19th century and early 20th century the connection between the Maas and Rhine was closed off and the Maas was given a new, artificial mouth – the Bergse Maas. The resulting separation of the rivers Rhine and Maas reduced the risk of flooding and was considered to be the greatest achievement in Dutch hydraulic engineering before the completion of the Zuiderzee Works and Delta Works.[8][9] The former main branch was, after the dam at its southern inlet was completed in 1904, renamed Afgedamde Maas and no longer receives water from the Maas.

The Meuse and its crossings were a key objective of the Battle of France, the Battle of Sedan and also for the last major German WWII counter-offensive on the Western Front, the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 and January 1945.

The Meuse is represented in the documentary The River People released in 2012 by Xavier Istasse.[10]

In July 2021, the Meuse basin was one of the many regions in Europe to experience catastrophic flooding during the 2021 European floods.[11]

## Etymology

[edit]

The name Meuse is derived from the French name of the river, derived from its Latin name, Mosa, which ultimately derives from the Celtic or Proto-Celtic name *Mosā. This probably derives from the same root as English "maze", referring to the river's twists and turns.[12]

The Dutch name Maas descends from Middle Dutch Mase, which comes from the presumed but unattested Old Dutch form *Masa, from Proto-Germanic *Masō. Modern Dutch and German Maas and Limburgish Maos preserve this Germanic form. Despite the similarity, the Germanic name is not derived from the Celtic name, judging from the change from earlier o into a, which is characteristic of the Germanic languages.[clarification needed]

## Geography

[edit]

The Meuse seen from SPOT satellite. The village in the lower right of the photo is Bogny-sur-Meuse; the village in the upper left is Revin.

The Meuse rises in Pouilly-en-Bassigny, commune of Le Châtelet-sur-Meuse on the Langres plateau in France from where it flows northwards past Sedan (the head of navigation) and Charleville-Mézières into Belgium.[13]

At Namur it is joined by the Sambre. Beyond Namur the Meuse winds eastwards and passes Liège before turning north. The river then forms part of the Belgian-Dutch border, except that at Maastricht the border lies further to the west. In the Netherlands it continues northwards through Venlo closely along the border to Germany, then turns towards the west, where it runs parallel to the Waal and forms part of the extensive Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, together with the Scheldt to its south and the Rhine to the north. The river has been divided near Heusden into the Afgedamde Maas on the right and the Bergse Maas on the left. The Bergse Maas continues under the name of Amer, which is part of De Biesbosch. The Afgedamde Maas joins the Waal, the main stem of the Rhine at Woudrichem, and then flows under the name of Boven Merwede to Hardinxveld-Giessendam, where it splits into Nieuwe Merwede and Beneden Merwede. Near Lage Zwaluwe, the Nieuwe Merwede joins the Amer, forming the Hollands Diep, which splits into Grevelingen and Haringvliet, before finally flowing into the North Sea.

The Meuse is crossed by railway bridges between the following stations (on the left and right banks respectively):

* Belgium:
* Hasselt (Belgium) – Maastricht (Netherlands)
* Netherlands:
* Weert \- Roermond
* Blerick – Venlo
* Cuijk – Mook-Molenhoek
* Ravenstein – Wijchen
* 's-Hertogenbosch – Zaltbommel

There are also numerous road bridges and around 32 ferry crossings.

The Meuse is navigable over a substantial part of its total length: In the Netherlands and Belgium, the river is part of the major inland navigation infrastructure, connecting the Rotterdam-Amsterdam-Antwerp port areas to the industrial areas upstream: 's-Hertogenbosch, Venlo, Maastricht, Liège, Namur. Between Maastricht and Maasbracht, an unnavigable section of the Meuse is bypassed by the 36 km (22.4 mi) Juliana Canal. South of Namur, further upstream, the river can only carry more modest vessels, although a barge as long as 100 m (328 ft). can still reach the French border town of Givet.

From Givet, the river is canalized over a distance of 272 kilometres (169 mi). The canalized Meuse used to be called the "Canal de l'Est — Branche Nord" but was recently rebaptized into "Canal de la Meuse". The waterway can be used by the smallest barges that are still in use commercially almost 40 m (131 ft) long and just over 5 metres (16 ft) wide. Just upstream of the town of Commercy, the Canal de la Meuse connects with the Marne–Rhine Canal by means of a short diversion canal.[14]

The Cretaceous sea reptile Mosasaurus is named after the river Meuse. The first fossils of it were discovered outside Maastricht in 1780.

A view of the Meuse in the French Ardennes at Laifour

## Basin area

[edit]

The Meuse and the Rochers de Freÿr, in front of the Castle of Freÿr south of Dinant The Meuse at Namur, capital of Belgium's Wallonia The Meuse at Liège, third river port of Europe The Meuse (Maas) at Maastricht Meuse near Gennep Meuse near Grave Meuse near Appeltern

An international agreement was signed in 2002 in Ghent, Belgium, about the management of the river amongst France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Also participating in the agreement were the Belgian regional governments of Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels (which is not in the basin of the Meuse but pumps running water into the Meuse).

Most of the basin area (approximately 36,000 km2) is in Wallonia (12,000 km2), followed by France (9,000 km2), the Netherlands (8,000 km2), Germany (2,000 km2), Flanders (2,000 km2) and Luxembourg (a few km2).

An International Commission on the Meuse has the responsibility of the implementation of the treaty.

The costs of this Commission are met by all these countries, in proportion of their own territory in the basin of the Meuse: Netherlands 30%, Wallonia 30%, France 15%, Germany 14.5%, Flanders 5%, Brussels 4.5%, Kingdom of Belgium 0.5%, and Luxembourg 0.5%.

The map of the basin area of Meuse was joined to the text of the treaty.[15]

As for culture, as a major communication route the River Meuse is the origin of Mosan art, principally (Wallonia and France).

The first landscape painted in the Renaissance was the landscape of Meuse by Joachim Patinir.[16] He was likely the uncle of Henri Blès, who is sometimes defined as a Mosan landscape painter active during the second third of the 16th century (i.e. second generation of landscape painters).[17]

### Tributaries

[edit]

The main tributaries of the Meuse are listed below in downstream-upstream order, with the town where the tributary meets the river:

* Dieze (near 's-Hertogenbosch)
* Aa (in 's-Hertogenbosch)
* Binnendieze (in 's-Hertogenbosch)
* Dommel (in 's-Hertogenbosch)
* Gender (in Eindhoven)
* Raam (in Grave)
* Niers (in Gennep)
* Swalm (in Swalmen)
* Rur/Roer (in Roermond)
* Wurm (in Heinsberg, Germany)
* Merzbach (in Linnich, Germany)
* Inde (in Jülich, Germany)
* Kingbeek (near Illikhoven)
* Geleenbeek (near Maasbracht)
* Geul (near Meerssen)
* Geer/Jeker (in Maastricht)
* Yerne (in Lens-sur-Geer)
* Voer/Fouron (in Eijsden)
* Berwinne/Berwijn (near Moelingen, part of Voeren)
* Ourthe (in Liège)
* Weser/Vesdre (near Liège)
* Amel/Amblève (in Comblain-au-Pont)
* Salm (in Trois-Ponts)
* Warche (near Malmedy)
* Hoyoux (in Huy)
* Mehaigne (in Wanze)
* Sambre (in Namur)
* Houyoux (in Namur)
* Bocq (in Yvoir)
* Molignée (in Anhée)
* Lesse (in Anseremme, part of Dinant)
* Viroin (in Vireux-Molhain)
* Faux (in Revin)
* Semois or Semoy (in Monthermé)
* Sormonne (in Warcq)
* Bar (near Dom-le-Mesnil)
* Chiers (in Bazeilles)
* Othain (in Montmédy)
* Vair (in Maxey-sur-Meuse)
* Mouzon (in Neufchâteau, Vosges)
* Saônelle (in Coussey)

## Distributaries

[edit]

Main articles: Bergse Maas, Afgedamde Maas, Oude Maas, and Nieuwe Maas

The lower part of the Rhine-Meuse Delta

The mean annual discharge rate of the Meuse has been relatively stable over the last few thousand years. One recent study estimates that average flow has increased by about 10% since 2000 BC.[18] The hydrological distribution of the Meuse changed during the later Middle Ages, when a major flood forced it to shift its main course northwards towards the river Merwede. From then on several stretches of the original Merwede were renamed "Maas" (i.e. Meuse) and served as the primary outflow of that river. Those branches are currently known as the Nieuwe Maas and Oude Maas.

However during another series of severe floods the Meuse found an additional path towards the sea, resulting in the creation of the Biesbosch wetlands and Hollands Diep estuaries. Thereafter the Meuse split near Heusden into two main distributaries, one flowing north to join the Merwede and one flowing direct to the sea. The branch of the Meuse leading direct to the sea eventually silted up (and now forms the Oude Maasje stream), but in 1904 the canalised Bergse Maas was dug to take over the functions of the silted-up branch. At the same time the branch leading to the Merwede was dammed at Heusden (and has since been known as the Afgedamde Maas) so that little water from the Meuse entered the old Maas courses or the Rhine distributaries. The resulting separation of the rivers Rhine and Meuse is considered to be the greatest achievement in Dutch hydraulic engineering before the completion of the Zuiderzee Works and Delta Works.[8][9] In 1970 the Haringvlietdam has been finished. Since then the reunited Rhine and Meuse waters have reached the North Sea either at this site or, during times of lower discharges of the Rhine, at Hook of Holland.[19]

A 2008 study[20] notes that the difference between summer and winter flow volumes has increased significantly in the last 100–200 years. It points out that the frequency of serious floods (i.e. flows > 1000% of normal) has increased markedly. They predict that winter flooding of the Meuse may become a recurring problem in the coming decades.

## Départements, provinces and towns

[edit]

The Meuse flows through the following departments of France, provinces of Belgium, provinces of the Netherlands and towns:

* Haute-Marne
* Vosges: Neufchâteau
* Meuse: Commercy, Saint-Mihiel, Verdun, Stenay
* Ardennes: Sedan, Charleville-Mézières, Givet
* Namur: Dinant, Namur
* Liège: Huy, Liège, Visé
* Limburg: Eijsden, Maastricht, Stein, Maasbracht, Roermond, Venlo, Gennep
* Limburg: Stokkem, Maaseik (between Stein and Maasbracht)
* North Brabant: Boxmeer, Cuijk, Grave, Ravenstein, Lith, Heusden, Aalburg, Woudrichem
* Gelderland: Maasdriel
* South Holland: Dordrecht, Maassluis, Rotterdam

## Detailed route

[edit]

Main cities and tributaries will be in bold.

Region  | Municipality on the left bank  | Municipality on the right bank  | Route

|
|
|

France

Grand Est Region

Haute-Marne Department

| Le Châtelet-sur-Meuse | Le Châtelet-sur-Meuse | Source near Pouilly-en-Bassigny

Le Châtelet-sur-Meuse

Premier pont de la Meuse

Dammartin-sur-Meuse | Dammartin-sur-Meuse |  Malroy

Pont de Malroy

Pont du Pâtis des Vannees

Ruisseau de Pré Chatenay

Val-de-Meuse | Val-de-Meuse |  Meuse

Pont de Meuse (D429 Val-de-Meuse \- Dombrot-le-Sec)

Ruisseau d'Avrecourt

Railway bridge Culmont-Chalindrey \- Toul line

Ru d'Ouette

Ru des Fossés

Ruisseau de Bocheret

Provenchères-sur-Meuse

Pont de Val-de-Meuse (D189)

Ruisseau des Aimeguenons

Pont de l'A31 (A31 Nancy \- Dijon)

Ruisseau de Joncourt

Pont de D132

Ruisseau de l'Étange

Ruisseau du Grand Étange

Lavilleneuve | Val-de-Meuse |  Ruisseau de Rangecourt

Pont de Lavilleneuve (D132)

Le Viau

Val-de-Meuse |  Lénizeul

Pont de D228

Bassoncourt | Bassoncourt |  Ruisseau du Soilleron

Pont de Bassin Court sur la Meuse (D33)

Breuvannes-en-Bassigny | Breuvannes-en-Bassigny |  Ruisseau des Noues

Meuvy

Pont de Meuvy (D220)

Clefmont | Clefmont | /
Audeloncourt | Audeloncourt |  Ruisseau du Grand Pré
Levécourt | Levécourt |  Ruisseau de la Hourie

Levécourt

Pont de Levécourt (D131)

Huilliécourt | Doncourt-sur-Meuse | /
Hâcourt | Hâcourt |  Pont de Hâcourt
Bourg-Sainte-Marie |  Hâcourt

Ruisseau de Piot

Brainville-sur-Meuse |  Pont de Bourg-Sainte-Marie (D119)
Bourmont-entre-Meuse-et-Mouzon | Bourmont-entre-Meuse-et-Mouzon |  Bourmont
Saint-Thiébault |  Saint-Thiébault

Pont de Saint-Thiébault (D16)

Ruisseau d'Illoud

Bourmont-entre-Meuse-et-Mouzon |  Pont de Gonaincourt (D119)

Gonaincourt

Le Mordé

Pont de Bourmont sur la Meuse (D148)

Goncourt

Harréville-les-Chanteurs | Harréville-les-Chanteurs |  Railway bridges Culmont-Chalindrey \- Toul line (2x)

Harréville-les-Chanteurs

Pont de Harréville-les-Chanteurs (D202)

France

Grand Est Region

Vosges Department

| Bazoilles-sur-Meuse | Bazoilles-sur-Meuse |  Railway bridges Culmont-Chalindrey \- Toul line (2x)

Pont de Bazoilles-sur-Meuse (D74 Langres \- Neufchâteau)

Bazoilles-sur-Meuse

Neufchâteau | Neufchâteau |  Railway bridge Culmont-Chalindrey \- Toul line

Neufchâteau

Pont de Neufchâteau (D674 Chaumont \- Neufchâteau)

Mouzon

Railway bridge at Neufchâteau railway station

Pont All. Charles Péguy

Frebécourt | Frebécourt |  Pont de Frebécourt

Frebécourt

La Saônelle

Coussey | Coussey |  Coussey

Pont de Coussey (D3)

Domrémy-la-Pucelle | Domrémy-la-Pucelle |  Pont de Domrémy-la-Pucelle (D164 Neufchâteau \- Greux)

Domrémy-la-Pucelle

Greux | Maxey-sur-Meuse |  Vair
Maxey-sur-Meuse |  Maxey-sur-Meuse

Pont de D19

France

Grand Est Region

Meuse Department

| Brixey-aux-Chanoines | Brixey-aux-Chanoines |  Pont de Brixey-aux-Chanoines
Sauvigny | Sauvigny |  Ruisseau de Ruppes

Sauvigny

Pont de Sauvigny

Montbras | /
Sauvigny |  Pont de Traveron

Traveron

Pagny-la-Blanche-Côte | Pagny-la-Blanche-Côte |  Rivière de Chêtre

Pont de Pagny-la-Blanche-Côte (D32)

Rivière de Chêtre

Montbras | Champougny | /
Taillancourt |  La Haute Meuse
Champougny |  Champougny

Pont de Champougny

Maxey-sur-Vaise | Maxey-sur-Vaise | /
Burey-en-Vaux | Sepvigny | /
Sepvigny |  Pont de Sepvigny (D145)
Neuville-lès-Vaucouleurs | Neuville-lès-Vaucouleurs | /
Vaucouleurs | Chalaines |  Chalaines

Pont de Chalaines (D960 Toul \- Bure)

La Haute Meuse

Ugny-sur-Meuse | Rigny-la-Salle |  Le Goulot de Meuse

Ugny-sur-Meuse

Saint-Germain-sur-Meuse |  Pont de Ugny-sur-Meuse (D36)

Saint-Germain-sur-Meuse

Pont de Saint-Germain-sur-Meuse (D144A)

Ugny-sur-Meuse | Ourches-sur-Meuse |  Ourches-sur-Meuse

Pont de D144

Pagny-sur-Meuse | Pagny-sur-Meuse |  Pont de Pagny-sur-Meuse (N4 Paris \- Strasbourg)

Pagny-sur-Meuse

Pont de D36

Troussey | Troussey |  Troussey

Pont de D36C

Marne–Rhine Canal

Pont de Troussey (D36)

Void-Vacon | Sorcy-Saint-Martin |  Ruisseau de Frasne

Le Vidus

Sorcy-Saint-Martin |  Pont de Sorcy-Saint-Martin (D10)

Sorcy-Saint-Martin

Pont de D144

Sorcy-Saint-Martin | Euville |  Railway bridge Paris-Est–Strasbourg-Ville line

Issey

Pont d'Euville (D144)

Canal de l'Est

Commercy | Commercy |  Canal de l'Est

Pont de D36

Ruisseau de la Noue

Vignot | Vignot |  Ruisseau d'Aulnois

Pont de Vignot (D958 Commercy \- Pont-à-Mousson)

Vignot

Commercy | Commercy |  Pont de Rte de Boncourt (D8A)

Canal de l'Est

Lérouville | Commercy |  Canal de l'Est
Boncourt-sur-Meuse | Boncourt-sur-Meuse |  Railway bridge Lérouville \- Metz line

Pont de Boncourt-sur-Meuse

Pont-sur-Meuse | Pont-sur-Meuse |  Pont-sur-Meuse

Pont de Pont-sur-Meuse (D12)

Ruisseau de Chonville

Vadonville | /
Mécrin | Mécrin |  Pont de Mécrin (D12A)

Mécrin

Sampigny | Han-sur-Meuse |  Rivière de Mont
Han-sur-Meuse |  Brasseitte

Pont du Moulin Blussot (D183)

Ally-sur-Meuse

Han-sur-Meuse

Saint-Mihiel |  Pont de Han-sur-Meuse (D7A)
Kœur-la-Petite | Bislée |  Pont de D964 (Commercy \- Verdun)

Canal de l'Est

Kœur-la-Grande |  Pont de Bislée (D171)

Bislée

Chauvoncourt |  Canal de l'Est
Chauvoncourt |  Menonville
Saint-Mihiel | Saint-Mihiel |  Canal de l'Est

Saint-Mihiel

Pont de Saint-Mihiel (D901 Saint-Mihiel \- Rumont)

Les Paroches | Maizey |  Le Rehaut

Canal de l'Est

Maizey |  Maizy
Dompcevrin |  Pont de Maizy (D101)

Dompcevrin

Le Hamboquin

Bannoncourt | Rouvrois-sur-Meuse | /
Bannoncourt |  La Petite Meuse

Pont de Bannoncourt (D109)

Bannoncourt

Railway bridge LGV Est high speed line (Paris \- Strasbourg)

Ruisseau de Rompierre

Lacroix-sur-Meuse |  La Prêle
Woimbey | /
Troyon | Troyon |  Pont de Troyon

Troyon

Bouquemont | /
Tilly-sur-Meuse | /
Tilly-sur-Meuse |  Pont de Tilly-sur-Meuse

Tilly-sur-Meuse

Ambly-sur-Meuse |  Ruisseau de Récourt
Villers-sur-Meuse | Villers-sur-Meuse |  Villers-sur-Meuse

Pont de Villers-sur-Meuse (D21)

Les Monthairons | Les Monthairons |  Pont de Rue du Lavoir

Les Monthairons

Le Petit Monthairon

Dieue-sur-Meuse | Dieue-sur-Meuse |  Le Clair Fossé

Ruisseau de la Dieue

La Petite Meuse

Pont de Dieue-sur-Meuse (D159)

Dieue-sur-Meuse

Ruisseau de Billonneau

Ruisseau de la Dieue

Dugny-sur-Meuse | Haudainville |  Pont de l'Autoroute A4 (Paris \- Strasbourg)

Ruisseau du Franc Ban

Belleray | Belleray |  Pont de Belleray (D301)

Belleray

Canal de l'Est

Verdun | Verdun |  Saint Vanne

Pont de D330

Pont de Rued'Anthouard

Verdun

Saint Vanne

Pont Fernand Legay

Canal du Puty

Pont Chaussée

Pont de D603 (Verdun \- Metz)

Belleville-sur-Meuse | Thierville-sur-Meuse |  Railway bridge St-Hilaire-au-Temple-Hagondange line (Verdun-Metz)

Canal de l'Est

La Scance

Pont de D302B

Charny-sur-Meuse | Bras-sur-Meuse |  Charny-sur-Meuse

Pont de Bras-sur-Meuse (D115)

Vacherauville | Vacherauville |  Vacherauville
Marre | Champneuville |  Ruisseau de la Claire
Chattancourt | /
Champneuville |  Pont de Champneuville (D214)
Cumières-le-Mort-Homme | /
Regnéville-sur-Meuse | Samogneux |  Regnéville-sur-Meuse

Pont de Samogneux

Samogneux

Forges-sur-Meuse | Brabant-sur-Meuse |  Ruisseau de Forges
Consenvoye | Consenvoye |  Pont de Consenvoye

Consenvoye

Dannevoux | Sivry-sur-Meuse |  Canal de l'Est

Ruisseau de Guénoville

Le Butel

Pont de Dannevoux

Ruisseau de Brouzel

Vilosnes-Haraumont | Vilosnes-Haraumont |  Canal de l'Est

Canal de l'Est

Vilosnes-Haraumont

Pont de Vilosnes-Haraumont (D123B)

Brieulles-sur-Meuse | Brieulles-sur-Meuse |  Ruisseau de Domfontaine

Brieulles-sur-Meuse

Le Wassieu

Cléry-le-Petit | Liny-devant-Dun |  Le Doua

La Tranchée

Dun-sur-Meuse |  Canal de l'Est
Doulcon |  Dun-sur-Meuse

Pont de Dun-sur-Meuse (D998)

Doulcon

L'Andon

Sassey-sur-Meuse | Milly-sur-Bradon |  Ruisseau de Bradon

Canal de l'Est

Sassey-sur-Meuse |  Sassey-sur-Meuse

Pont de Sassey-sur-Meuse (D30)

Ruisseau des Gaules

Mont-devant-Sassey |  Ruisseau de Mont

Ruisseau de Longvaux

Saulmory-Villefranche | Mouzay |  Ruisseau de Froide Fontaine

Le Grand Mohat

Le Petit Mohat

Wiseppe | /
Stenay |  Canal de l'Est
Stenay |  Pont de Stenay (D947 Stenay \- Montmédy)

Stenay

Canal de l'Est

La Wiseppe

Ruisseau de Cervizy

Martincourt-sur-Meuse | Martincourt-sur-Meuse |  Pont de Martincourt-sur-Meuse

Martincourt-sur-Meuse

Luzy-Saint-Martin | Inor |  Ruisseau de Cesse

Pont de Luz

Inor

Canal de l'Est

Pouilly-sur-Meuse |  Ruisseau du Fond de Noue
Pouilly-sur-Meuse |  Pont de Pouilly-sur-Meuse

Pouilly-sur-Meuse

France

Grand Est Region

Ardennes Department / Meuse Department

| Létanne | Pouilly-sur-Meuse |  La Wame

Létanne

France

Grand Est Region

Ardennes Department

| Létanne | Mouzon |  Le Bras de Vincy

Canal de l'Est

Canal de l'Est

Mouzon |  Mouzon

Pont de D19

Autrecourt-et-Pourron |  Yoncq

Autrecourt

Ruisseau de Brouhan

Villers-devant-Mouzon |  Villers-devant-Mouzon

Ruisseau de la Vignette

Ruisseau des Trois Fontaines

Coupure de Remilly

Remilly-Aillicourt | Douzy | /
Remilly-Aillicourt |  Petit Remilly

Pont de Remilly-Aillicourt (D4)

Remilly

Bazeilles |  Chiers

Aillicourt

Pont de Bazeilles (D129)

Coupure de Remilly

Noyers-Pont-Maugis |  Ruisseau de Thélonne

Railway bridge Mohon-Thionville line (Sedan \- Thionville)

Pont-Maugis

Balan |  Ruisseau de Batelotte
Wadelincourt |  Wadelincourt
Sedan |  Pont de Sedan (N43 Sedan \- Charleville-Mézières)
Sedan |  Pont de l'Avenue Philippoteaux (D8043A)

Canal de l'Est Pont du Boulevard Fabert

Sedan

Pont de Meuse

Passerelle Saint-Vincent de Paul

Canal de l'Est

Pont-Neuf de Sedan

Glaire | Floing |  Ruz de Glaire

Floing

Glaire

Tour à Glaire (Glaire)

Ruisseau de Floing

Igles (Glaire)

Saint-Menges |  Ruisseau du Bas Caillou

Saint-Menges

Donchery |  Ruisseau de la Falizette

Villette (Glaire)

Pont de Glaire (A34 Sedan \- Charleville-Mézières)

Railway bridge Mohon-Thionville line (Charleville-Mézières \- Sedan)

Sedan |  Frénois (Sedan)
Donchery |  Pont de Donchery (D24)

Donchery

Villers-sur-Bar |  Vrigne
Vrigne-Meuse |  Vrigne-Meuse

Bar

Dom-le-Mesnil |  Canal des Ardennes
Nouvion-sur-Meuse |  Nouvion-sur-Meuse

Pont de Nouvion-sur-Meuse (D33)

Flize |  Ruisseau des Trois Fontaines

Flize

Ruisseau de Boutancourt

Chalandry-Elaire |  Elaire (Chalandry-Elaire)
Les Ayvelles | Lumes |  Lumes
Lumes |  Railway bridge Mohon-Thionville line (Charleville-Mézières \- Sedan)
Villers-Semeuse |  Pont de Lumes (A34 Sedan \- Charleville-Mézières)

Ruisseau de la Truie

Dérivation de Romery

Saint-Laurent |  Dérivation de Romery
Charleville-Mézières |  Le Theux (Charleville-Mézières)
Charleville-Mézières |  Vence

Railway bridge Soissons \- Givet line (Charleville-Mézières \- Reims)

Mohon (Charleville-Mézières)

Canal de l'Est

Pont de la Victoire (D8043A)

Mézières (Charleville-Mézières)

Pont de Pierre

Saint-Julien (Charleville-Mézières)

Prix-lès-Mézières |  Pont de Manchester (N43 Charleville-Mézières \- Sedan)

Ruisseau du Marbay

Manchester (Charleville-Mézières)

Prix-lès-Mézières

Ruisseau des Rejets

Ruisseau de Praëlle

Warcq |  Warcq

Pont de Warcq (D16)

Sormonne

Charleville-Mézières |  Pont de N43 (Charleville-Mézières \- Sedan)

Passerelle Bayard

Pont d'Arches (D8043A)

Canal de l'Est

Railway bridge Soissons \- Givet line (Charleville-Mézières \- Reims)

Railway bridge Soissons \- Givet line (Charleville-Mézières \- Givet)

Canal de l'Est

Charleville-Mézières

Pont de Mocy (D58)

Montcy-Saint-Pierre (Charleville-Mézières)

Passerelle du Mont Olympe

Montcy-Notre-Dame |  Ruisseau de la Fontaine du Prince

Ruisseau de Soiru

Montcy-Notre-Dame

Pont de Montcy-Notre-Dame (D58A)

Canal de l'Est

Aiglemont | /
Nouzonville | /
Nouzonville |  Nouzonville

La Goutelle

Ruisseau du Pré Allard

Pont de Nouzonville (D13)

Joigny-sur-Meuse | Joigny-sur-Meuse |  Pont de Joigny-sur-Meuse (D1A)

Joigny-sur-Meuse

Bogny-sur-Meuse | Bogny-sur-Meuse |  Braux

Pont Jean-Rogissart (D1)

Levrézy

Bogny-sur-Meuse

Pont Rue Jourde (D1C)

Château Regnault

Monthermé |  Railway bridge Soissons \- Givet line (Charleville-Mézières \- Givet)
Monthermé |  Semois

Monthermé

Pont de Monthermé (D989)

Deville |  Deville

Ruisseau de Mairupt

Laifour |  Ruisseau de la Lambrèque
Revin |  Ruisseau de la Grande Commune

Ruisseau de la Petite Commune

Laifour

Railway bridge Soissons \- Givet line (Charleville-Mézières \- Givet)

Pont de Laifour (D1)

Les Mazures | /
Anchamps |  Railway bridge Soissons \- Givet line (Charleville-Mézières \- Givet)

Anchamps Pont d'Anchamps (D1B)

Ru de la Pille

Ruisseau des Meurtriers

Revin |  Orzy

Pont d'Orzy

Railway bridge Soissons \- Givet line (Charleville-Mézières \- Givet)

Revin

Pont de la Bouverie (D988 Charleville-Mézières \- Givet)

Sartnizon

Rocroi |  Pont de Saint-Nicolas

Saint-Nicolas (Rocroi)

Faux

Ruisseau de Falières

Revin |  Pont de Fumay (D988 Charleville-Mézières \- Givet)

Ruisseau des Cochons

Fumay |  Ruisseau de Come
Fumay |  Ruisseau des Manises

Railway bridge Soissons \- Givet line (Charleville-Mézières \- Givet)

Ruisseau de la Folie

Haybes |  Fumay

Pont de Fumay (D7)

Ri d'Alyse

Haybes |  Pont de la Guerre (D7B)

Haybes

Ruisseau de Mohron

Fépin |  Ruisseau d'Hargnies

Fépin

Montigny-sur-Meuse | Vireux-Wallerand |  Risdoux

Fond de la Mènerie

Montigny-sur-Meuse

Vireux-Molhain |  Vireux-Molhain

Vireux-Wallerand

Pont de Vireux (D989)

Hierges |  Viroin
Aubrives | Aubrives |  Aubrives
Ham-sur-Meuse |  Ham-sur-Meuse

Pont de Ham (D46DB)

Chooz |  Chooz Nuclear Power Plant
Chooz |  Pont de Chemin de Mission

Chooz

Pont de Chooz

Rancennes |  Le Fond des Vaux

Les Trois Fontaines (Chooz)

Givet | /
Givet |  Ruisseau de Rancennes

Givet

Pont des Américains (D949)

Houille

/ / /

France / Belgium

Grand Est Region / Wallonia Region

Ardennes Department / Namur Province

| Givet | Hastière |  Ruisseau de Mon Idée

Heer (Hastière)

Belgium

Wallonia Region

Namur Province

| Hastière | Hastière |  Heer-Agimont

Pont de N909

Hermeton-sur-Meuse

Hermeton

Ruisseau de Féron

Hastière-Lavaux

Hastière-par-delà

Pont de Hastière-Lavaux (N915)

Fond des Vaux

Ruisseau de Bonsoy

Ruisseau de la Roule

Waulsort

Ruisseau du Chestia

Dinant |  Freÿr (Hastière)

Moniat (Hastière)

Dinant |  Anseremme

Noyon Pré

Railway bridge line 166 Libramont \- Bertrix \- Dinant

Lesse

Viaduc Charlemagne (N97 Ciney \- Philippeville)

Neffe

Saint-Paul

Dinant

Pont Charles de Gaulle (N936)

Leffe

Ruisseau de Leffe

Bouvignes-sur-Meuse

Yvoir | /
Anhée |  Houx (Yvoir)

Railway bridge line 154 Dinant \- Namur

Anhée

Molignée

Pont d'Anhée (N92 Namur \- Dinant)

Yvoir

BocqBocq

Hun (Anhée)

Rouillon (Anhée)

Pont de Rouillon (N947a)

Profondeville |  Godinne (Yvoir)

Rivière (Profondeville)

Profondeville |  Burnot

Burnot

Pont de Lustin (N947)

Profondeville

Tailfer

Ruisseau de Tailfer

Namur |  Boreuville (Namur)
Namur |  Pont de Wépion

Grand Ry

Dave

Ruisseau de Dave

Wépion

Marlagne

La Plante

Pont de Jambes

Jambes

Passerelle l'Enjambée

Sambre

Namur

Pont des Ardennes (N90 Namur \- Liège)

Houyoux

Railway bridge 'Pont de Luxembourg' line 154 Dinant \- Namur

Bouge

Pont des Grands Malades (N905)

Viaduc du Beez (E411 Namur \- Arlon)

Beez

Lives-sur-Meuse

Brumagne

Gelbresse

Marche-les-Dames

Andenne | Andenne |  Samson

Samson

Pont de Namêche (N942)

Namêche

Sclayn

Pont de N968

Ruisseau de la Loysse

Seilles

Andenne

Pont d'Andenne (N921)

Andenelle

Belgium

Wallonia Region

Liège Province

| Wanze | Huy |  Gisves (Huy)

Java (Wanze)

Ben (Huy)

Bas-Oha (Wanze)

Solière

Pont Père Pire (N643)

Wanze

Mehaigne

Huy |  Anhin

Railway bridge

Pont Roi Baudouin (N64 Tienen \- Huy)

Huy

Hoyoux

Pont de l'Europe

Amay |  Tihange Nuclear Power Station

Tihange (Huy)

Pont d'Ampsin (N684)

Ampsin (Amay)

Neuville-sous-Huy (Huy)

Amay |  Pont d'Ombret (N696)

Amay

Ombret-Rawsa

Engis |  Ruisseau d'Oxhe

Flône (Amay)

Saint-Georges-sur-Meuse |  Pont de Hermalle

Hermalle-sous-Huy (Engis)

Mallieue (Saint-Georges-sur-Meuse)

Engis |  Engis

Pont d'Engis (N639)

Flémalle | Flémalle |  Ramioul

Ramet

Chokier

Ivoz

Pont barrage d'Ivoz-Ramet (N677)

Flémalle

Seraing |  Ruisseau de Ville en Cour

Railway bridge line 125A (Liers \- Liège \- Flémalle-Haute)

Val

Seraing |  Troque

Jemeppe-sur-Meuse

Seraing

Pont de Seraing (A604 highway Liège Airport \- Seraing)

Saint-Nicolas |  Tilleur (Saint-Nicolas)
Liège |  Ougrée (Seraing)

Sclessin (Liège)

Pont d'Ougrée (N63 Liège \- Marche-en-Famenne)

Railway bridge cargo line

Liège |  Kinkempois

Pont de Liège (E25 highway Liège \- Luxembourg City )

Railway bridge high speed line 3 (Liège \- Aachen )

Angleur

Canal de l'Ourthe

Pont de Fragnée

Ourthe

Passerelle la Belle Liègeoise

Pont du Roi Albert 1er (N30)

Pont Kennedy

Passerelle Saucy

Liège

Pont des Arches (N3 Liège – Germany )

Pont Maghin

Pont Atlas

Bressoux

Jupille-sur-Meuse

Albert Canal

Pont - Barrage de Monsin

Monsin Island

Canal de Monsin

Herstal |  Herstal

Wandre (Liège)

Pont de Wandre (N667)

Pont d'Autorute E40 (Liège \- Aachen )

Oupeye | Visé |  Cheratte (Visé)

Argenteau (Visé)

Julienne

Hermalle-sous-Argenteau (Oupeye)

Pont de Hermalle-sous-Argenteau

Richelle (Visé)

Pont Trilogiport

Visé |  Visé

Pont de Visé (N618)

Canal de Haccourt - Visé

Railway bridge 'Pont des Allemands'

Pont et barrage de Lixhe (N602)

/ /

Belgium

Wallonia Region / Flanders Region

Liège Province / Limburg Province

| Visé | Voeren |  Lixhe (Visé)

Berwinne

Nivelle (Visé)

/ / Belgium / Netherlands

Wallonia Region / Limburg Province

Liège Province

| Visé | Eijsden-Margraten |  Voer

Eijsden (Eijsden-Margraten)

Lanaye (Visé)

Bike ferry service Lanaye \- Eijsden

Canal de Lanaye

Petit Lanaye (Visé)

Netherlands

Limburg Province

| Maastricht | Maastricht |  Maastricht

John F. Kennedybrug N278 (Maastricht \- Aachen )

JekerJeker

Pedestrial bridge 'Hoge Brug'

Pedestrial bridge 'Sint-Servaasbrug'

Wilhelminabrug

Railway bridge Maastricht

Noorderbrug

Zuid-Willemsvaart

Juliana Canal

Borgharen

/ / Belgium / Netherlands

Flanders Region / Limburg Province

Limburg

| Lanaken | Maastricht |  Smeermaas (Lanaken)

Itteren (Maastricht)

Neerharen (Lanaken)

Maasmechelen | Meerssen |  Geul

Uikhoven (Maasmechelen)

Bike ferry service Uikhoven - Geulle aan de Maas

Geulle aan de Maas (Meerssen)

Oude Broekgraaf

Stein |  Kotem

Elsloo

Scharbergbrug (E314 / A76 Genk \- Heerlen \- Aachen )

Stein

Meers

Maasmechelen

Kirkbeek

Maasband

Leut (Maasmechelen)

Urmond (Stein)

Berg aan de Maas (Stein)

Car ferry service Meeswijk \- Berg aan de Maas

Dilsen-Stokkem | Sittard-Geleen |  Obbicht (Sittard-Geleen)

Boyen (Dilsen-Stokkem)

Vrietselbeek

Bike ferry service Rotem - Grevenbicht

Grevenbicht (Sittard-Geleen)

Kogbeek

Kingbeek

Echt-Susteren |  Illikhoven (Sittard-Geleen)

Visserweert (Sittard-Geleen)

Maaseik |  Heppeneert (Maaseik)

Kokkelert (Sittard-Geleen)

Zanderbeek

Maaseik

Pater Sangersbrug (N761  / N296  Maaseik \- Susteren )

Maasgouw |  Ohé en Laak (Maasgouw)

Bosbeek

Aldeneik (Maaseik)

Kinrooi |  Ophoven (Kinrooi)

Bike ferry service Ophoven - Ohé en Laak

Albeek

Stevensweert (Maasgouw)

Netherlands

Limburg Province

| Maasgouw | Maasgouw |  Maasbracht

Wessem

Bike ferry service Thorn \- Wessem

Bike ferry service Maasbracht \- Wessem

Maasbrug bij Wessem (A2 Eindhoven \- Maastricht)

Juliana Canal

Wessem-Nederweert Canal

Linne-Buggenum Canal

Roermond |  Vlootbeek

Linne (Maasgouw)

Roermond |  Merum

Bike ferry service Ool - Oolderhuuske

Ool

Herten

Roermond

Rur

Louis Raemaekersbrug (N280 Roermond \- Weert)

Maasnielderbeek

Railway bridge Buggenum (Iron Rhine Weert \- Roermond)

Leudal |  Linne-Buggenum Canal

Buggenum (Leudal)

Neerbeek

Swalm

Beesel |  Bike ferry service Neer - Rijkel

Rijkel (Beesel)

Neer (Leudal)

Peel en Maas |  Beesel

Kessel-Eik (Peel en Maas)

Huilbeek  Kessel (Peel en Maas)

Car ferry service Kessel \- Beesel

Tasbeek

Reuver (Beesel)

Scheikensbeek

Venlo |  Oijen (Peel en Maas)

Belfeld (Venlo)

Aalsbeek

Steyl (Venlo)

Car ferry service Baarlo \- Steyl

Venlo |  Engerbeek

Tegelen

Springbeek

Zuiderbrug (A73 Nijmegen \- Venlo)

Wijlderbeek

Blerick

Stadsbrug Venlo (N556)

Railway bridge Venlo (Venlo–Eindhoven and Nijmegen–Venlo lines)

Venlo

Rijnbeek

Stepkensbeek

Noorderbrug (A67 Venlo \- Duisburg )

Horst aan de Maas |  Stopbeek

Baarsdonk

Everlose Beek

Vorstermolenbeek

Grubbenvorst (Horst aan de Maas)

Velden (Venlo)

Car ferry service Grubbenvorst \- Velden

Latbeek

Hasselt (Venlo)

Salderbeek

Houthuizen (Horst aan de Maas)

Molenbeek van Lotum

Lomm (Venlo)

Wielder (Horst aan de Maas)

Tassbeek

Lottum (Horst aan de Maas)

Car ferry service Lottum \- Lomm

Pedestrian ferry service Lottum \- Arcen

Arcen (Venlo)

Aarsbeek

Broekhuizen (Horst aan de Maas)

Car ferry service Broekhuizen \- Arcen

Molenbeek

Broekhuizenvorst (Horst aan de Maas)

Rode Beek

Bergen |  Geldernsch-Nierkanaal
Venray |  Wellerlooi (Bergen)

Blitterswijck (Venray)

Bike ferry service Blitterswijck \- Wellerlooi

Sohr

Koninginnebrug N270 (Venray \- Eindhoven)

Well (Bergen)

Wanssum (Venray)

Grote Molenbeek

Oostrumsche Beek

Geijsteren (Venray)

Netherlands

Limburg Province / North Brabant province

| Land van Cuijk | Bergen |  Maashees

Ayensebeek

Aijen (Bergen)

Vierlingsbeek (Land van Cuijk)

Car ferry service Vierlingsbeek \- Bergen

Bergen

Molenbeek

Heukelomsebeek

Heukelom (Bergen)

Eckeltse Beek

Rekgraaf

Afferden (Bergen)

Car ferry service Sambeek \- Afferden

Sint-Jansbeek

Sambeek (Land van Cuijk)

Gennep |  Boxmeer (Land van Cuijk)

Maasbrug van Boxmeer (A77 Boxmeer \- Cologne )

Heijen (Gennep)

Gennep

Maasbrug van Gennep (N264 Gennep \- Veghel)

Niers

Oeffeltsche Raam

Milsbeek (Gennep)

Tielebeek

Mook en Middelaar |  Sint-Agatha (Land van Cuijk)

Middelaar (Mook en Middelaar)

Virdsche Graaf

Cuijk (Land van Cuijk)

Car ferry service Cuijk \- Middelaar

Mooks Kanaal

Mook (Mook en Middelaar)

Katwijk (Land van Cuijk)

Railway bridge Mook (Nijmegen–Venlo line)

Molenhoek (Mook en Middelaar)

Netherlands

Gelderland / North Brabant province

| Heumen |  Maas–Waal Canal

Heumen

Maasbrug van Heumen (A73 Nijmegen \- Venlo)

Overasselt (Heumen)

Tochtsloot

Grave (Land van Cuijk)

John S. Thompsonbrug (N324 Grave \- Nijmegen)

Nederasselt (Heumen)

Raam

Wijchen |  Balgoij (Wijchen)
Oss |  Keent (Oss)

Neerloon (Oss)

Niftrik (Wijchen)

Maasbrug van Ravenstein (A50 Nijmegen \- Eindhoven)

Ravenstein (Oss)

Bike ferry service Ravenstein \- Niftrik

Railway bridge 'Edithbrug' (Tilburg-Nijmegen line)

Neerlangel (Oss)

Demen (Oss)

Batenburg (Wijchen)

Bike ferry service Demen - Batenburg

Dieden (Oss)

West Maas en Waal |  Nieuwe Wetering

Appeltern (West Maas en Waal)

De Vliet

Car ferry service Appeltern \- Megen

Megen (Oss)

Car ferry service Maasbommel \- Megen-West

Maasbommel (West Maas en Waal)

Burgemeester Delenkanaal

Boveneind (Oss)

Berghuizen (West Maas en Waal)

Oijen (Oss)

Car ferry service Oijen - Nieuwe Schans

Greffeling (West Maas en Waal)

Alphen (West Maas en Waal)

Lithoijen (Oss)

Lith (Oss)

Moordhuizen (West Maas en Waal)

Car ferry service Lith \- Moordhuizen

Maasdriel |  Voorne (Maasdriel)

Heerewaarden (Maasdriel)

Bike ferry service Heerewaarden \- Lithse Ham

Maren-Kessel (Oss)

Sint Andries canal

Car ferry service Alem - Maren-Kessel

't Wild (Oss)

Kerkdriel (Maasdriel)

Hertogswetering

Hoefgraaf

's-Hertogenbosch |  Gewande ('s-Hertogenbosch)

Hoenzadriel (Maasdriel)

Máxima Canal

Empel ('s-Hertogenbosch)

Maasbrug van Empel (A2 's-Hertogenbosch \- Utrecht)

's-Hertogenbosch

Railway bridge 'Hedelse spoorbrug' (Utrecht–Boxtel line)

Prinses Irenebrigadebrug

Hedel (Maasdriel)

Oude Dieze

Dieze

Bokhoven ('s-Hertogenbosch)

Ammerzoden (Maasdriel)

Heusden |  Well (Maasdriel)

Zooislagen Buitendijkse Loop

Zaltbommel |  Car ferry service Bern - Herpt

Bern (Zaltbommel)

Heusden

Heusden Canal

Netherlands

North Brabant province

| Heusden | Altena |  Maasbrug van Heusden (N267 Heusden \- Giessen)

Heesbeen (Heusden)

Genderen (Altena)

Doeveren (Heusden)

Waalwijk |  Afwateringskanaal 's-Hertogenbosch - Drongelen

Drongelen (Altena)

Waalwijk

Car ferry service Drongelen \- Waalwijk

Car ferry service Dussen \- Capelle

Dussen (Altena)

Geertruidenberg |  Peerenboom (Altena)

Keizersveerbrug (A27 Breda \- Utrecht)

Raamsdonksveer (Geertruidenberg)

Geertruidenberg

Nieuwe Merwede

Mouth into the North Sea

## Mention in patriotic songs

[edit]

The Meuse (Maas) is mentioned in the first stanza of Germany's old national anthem, the Deutschlandlied. However, since its re-adoption as national anthem in 1952, only the third stanza of the Deutschlandlied has been sung as the German national anthem, the first and second stanzas being omitted. This was confirmed after German reunification in 1991 when only the third stanza was defined as the official anthem. The lyrics written in 1841 describe a then–disunited Germany with the river as its western boundary, where King William I of the Netherlands had joined the German Confederation with his Duchy of Limburg in 1839. Though the duchy's territory officially became an integral part of the Netherlands by the 1867 Treaty of London, the text passage remained unchanged when the Deutschlandlied was declared the national anthem of the Weimar Republic in 1922.

The name of the rivers also forms part of the title of "Le Régiment de Sambre et Meuse", written after the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, and a popular patriotic song for the rest of the 19th century and into the 20th.

## See also

[edit]

* 1930 Meuse Valley fog
* Moulin de Rouvres
* Rida (River)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ English: /mjuːz/ MEWZ, UK also /mɜːz/, US also /mɜːrz, mʌz/ MU(R)Z,[2][3][4] French: [møz] ⓘ; Walloon: Moûze [muːs].
2. ^ English: /mɑːs/ MAHSS,[2][4][5] Dutch: [maːs] ⓘ; Limburgish: Maos [mɔːs] or Maas [maːs].

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Marcel de Wit, Robert Leander, Adri Buishand: Extreme discharges in the Meuse basin Archived 2014-01-06 at the Wayback Machine, p. 2
(The frequently mentioned figure of 250 m3/s refers to the Borgharen gauge near the frontier between Belgium and the Netherlands representing two thirds of the basin.)
2. ^ a b "Meuse". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
3. ^ "Meuse" (US) and "Meuse". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-02-09.
4. ^ a b "Meuse". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
5. ^ "Maas". Lexico US English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-02-26.
6. ^ Loo, Bart van (2021). "Let Them All Die". The Burgundians: A Vanished Empire: A History of 1111 Years and One Day. London. ISBN 978-1-78954-343-8. OCLC 1264400332. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2022-09-16.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
7. ^ "Wallonie : une région en Europe" (in French). Ministère de la Région wallonne. Archived from the original on May 31, 2013. Retrieved September 29, 2007.
8. ^ a b Van der Aalst & De Jongh (2004). Honderd Jaar Bergse Maas (in Dutch). Pictures Publishing. ISBN 90-73187-50-8.
9. ^ a b Wols, Rien (2011). "De Uitvoering van de Maasmondingswerken". Brabants Historisch Informatie Centrum (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2014-11-03. Retrieved 2014-10-26.
10. ^ "Presentation of The River People on Eurochannel". Archived from the original on 2014-10-29. Retrieved 2014-10-28.
11. ^ Barneveld, Hermjan; Hoitink, A. J. F.; Frings, R. M. (2022). "Massive morphological changes during the 2021 summer flood in the River Meuse" (PDF). hkv.nl. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
12. ^ Ferguson, Robert (1862). The River-Names of Europe. London: Williams & Norgate. p. 142\. OCLC 1811056.
13. ^ (in French) Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - La Meuse (B
0000)".
14. ^ NoorderSoft Waterways database
15. ^ "Accord international sur la Meuse". Archived from the original on 2022-05-23. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
16. ^ French: Les rochers par lesquels l'art gothique suggère conventionnellement un site sauvage et désertique, sont présents. Comme d'aucuns l'ont remarqué, ces pics rocheux qui vont devenir chez Patinier, indissociables de l'évocation d'un paysage ressemblent à ceux qu'il a pu voir dans la région dinantaise (...) Mais il va de soi que les paysages représentés ne sont jamais dans leur ensemble la transposition de sites existants. L'espace tel que le conçoit Patinier est d'un autre ordre que celui qui s'offre au spectateur dans la réalité. in 'L'essor du paysage' in Jacques Stiennon, Jean-Patrick Duchesne, Yves Randaxhe, Cinq siècles de peinture en Wallonie, Les éditeurs d'art associés, Bruxelles, 1988, p. 67-72. The landscape of the Mosan valley is the inspiration of Patinier but the result of this inspiration was not a painting of this landscape.
17. ^ Fraiture, Pascale (2002). "Contribution of scientific methods to the understanding of the work of the 16th century painter, Henri Bles". Dendrochronologia. 20 (3): 285–299\. doi:10.1078/1125-7865-00022.
18. ^ Ward PJ, H Renssen, JCJH Aerts, RT van Balen & J Vandenberghe (2008), "Strong increases in flood frequency and discharge of the River Meuse over the Late Holocene: impacts of long-term anthropogenic land use change and climate variability". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 12: 159-175. http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/12/159/2008/hess-12-159-2008.pdf Archived 2020-02-17 at the Wayback Machine [Ward et al., 2008]
19. ^ Rijkswaterstaat: Water Management in the Netherlands, 2011
20. ^ Ward et al., 2008

## External links

[edit]

* Site of the Walloon regional archives. flooding of the Meuse in 1993.
* Site of the Walloon regional archives. Flooding of the Meuse in January 1995.

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Meuse River.

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Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta

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Former distributaries
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Meuse|

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