Miatsum

Concept and slogan

Graffiti in Yerevan with the outline of a united Armenia and Republic of Artsakh, with text in Armenian saying "Liberated, not occupied"

Miatsum (Armenian: Միացում, romanized: Unification)[1] was a concept and a slogan[2][3] used during the Karabakh movement in the late 1980s and early 1990s, which led to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1992–1994.[4]

The idea originated in an era of realignment among the Armenians who were unhappy that the area inhabited predominantly by an Armenian population has remained under the jurisdiction of Azerbaijan. From the 1970s, with the support of the first secretary of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Azerbaijan SSR, Heydar Aliyev, a policy of settling NKAO by Azerbaijanis was being implemented. The Armenian pogroms in Sumgait and Baku only exacerbated these trends, which led to military clashes between troops of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the forces of the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army (Artsakh).[5]

## See also[edit]

* Enosis
* United Armenia
* Republic of Artsakh
* First Nagorno-Karabakh War
* Lachin corridor
* History of Nagorno-Karabakh

## References[edit]

1. ^ Nodia, Ghia (Winter 1997–1998). "Causes and Visions of Conflict in Abkhazia". University of California, Berkeley. p. 15\. "Mountainous Karabakh should not be part of Azerbaijan not because Artsakh (the Armenian name for Karabakh) is an ancient Armenian land and Miatsum (unification) is a legitimate Armenian project, but because Azerbaijan allegedly mistreats its minorities."
2. ^ "Nagorno-Karabakh: Viewing the Conflict from the Ground". International Crisis Group. 14 September 2005. p. 4\. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. "The 1988 Karabakh movement started with the slogan "Miatsum" ("Unification" in Armenian)."
3. ^ Toal, Gerard; O'Loughlin, John (1 April 2013). "Land for Peace in Nagorny Karabakh? Political Geographies and Public Attitudes Inside a Contested De Facto State". Territory, Politics, Governance. 1 (2): 158–182. doi:10.1080/21622671.2013.842184. S2CID 54576963. "Unity with Armenia, after all, had been the proclaimed goal previous to this (the slogan of the early phases of the Karabakh movement was miatsum, 'unification'), and an annexationist policy endorsed by the Soviet Armenian parliament."
4. ^ "Miatsum (From 1987 to 1989) - History of Armenia". www.hayastan.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
5. ^ "Aliyev admits Azerbaijan worked to boost number of Azeris in Artsakh". horizonweekly.ca. 22 November 2019. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.

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Armenian nationalism

Ideology|

* United Armenia
* Tseghakronism
* Miatsum

Organizations|

Active political parties
Adequate Party
Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (Ramgavar)
Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnak)
Hosank
National Agenda Party
National Revival of Artsakh
Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party
Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (Hunchak)

Defunct parties
Armenakan Party
National United Party

Defunct militant organizations
Armenian fedayi
Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
Army of Independence
New Armenian Resistance Group
Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
Armenian Revolutionary Army

People|

Thinkers
Khachatur Abovian
Mikayel Nalbandian
Raffi
Mkrtich Khrimian
Shahan Natalie
Garegin Nzhdeh
Siamanto
Avetis Aharonian
Hayk Asatryan
Kevork Ajemian
Silva Kaputikyan
Rafayel Ishkhanian
Monte Melkonian

Militants and commanders
Arabo
Aghbiur Serob
Kevork Chavush
Andranik
Aram Manukian
Armen Garo
Garegin Nzhdeh
Hagop Hagopian
Movses Gorgisyan
Monte Melkonian
Vazgen Sargsyan
Jirair Sefilian

History|

* Armenian national awakening
* Armenian national movement
* Occupation of the Ottoman Bank
* Yıldız assassination attempt
* Battle of Sardarabad
* February Uprising
* Karabakh movement
* First Nagorno-Karabakh War
* Khojaly massacre
* Turkish consulate attack in Paris
* Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack
* 1983 Orly Airport attack

Political entities|

* Provisional Republic of Van
* First Republic of Armenia
* Republic of Mountainous Armenia
* Republic of Armenia
* Republic of Artsakh

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Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Background|

* Nagorno-Karabakh
* History
* Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
* Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia
* Dissolution of the Soviet Union
* Karabakh movement
* Miatsum
* Armenians in Azerbaijan
* Armenians in Baku
* Azerbaijanis in Armenia
* Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan
* Armenia–Azerbaijan relations

First war (1988–1994)|

* Çardaqlı clash
* Askeran clash
* Sumgait pogrom
* Gugark pogrom
* Zvartnots Airport clash
* Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms
* Kirovabad pogrom
* Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988)
* Baku pogrom
* Black January
* Bağanis Ayrum
* 1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing
* Operation Ring
* Voskepar massacre
* Battle of Togh
* 1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
* Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
* Siege of Stepanakert
* Operation Dashalty
* 1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
* Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli
* Capture of Garadaghly
* Khojaly massacre
* Maraga massacre
* Capture of Shusha
* Capture of Artsvashen
* Operation Goranboy
* Mardakert and Martuni Offensives
* Operation Həsənqaya
* Battle of Lachin
* Operation Qazançı
* 1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état
* Battle of Kalbajar
* Battle of Aghdam
* 1993 Summer Offensives
* Operation Geghamasar
* Operation Horadiz
* Operation Kalbajar
* 1994 Baku Metro bombings
* 1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown
* 1994 Bagratashen bombing
* Refugees in Azerbaijan

Interwar clashes|

* 2008 Mardakert clashes
* January 2009 Agdam military incident
* September 2009 Agdam military incident
* 2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes
* 2010 Mardakert clashes
* 2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes
* 2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
* 2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown
* 2016 Odundağ clashes
* 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
* 2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
* Shelling of Alxanlı
* 2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
* 2019 clash near Chinari
* July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
* Incidents
* Protests in Azerbaijan
* Reactions

Second war (2020)|

* Timeline
* Casualties
* International reactions
* Allegations of third-party involvement
* Madagiz offensive
* Aras Valley campaign
* Bombardments (Barda, Ganja, Ghazanchetsots Cathedral, Martuni, Stepanakert, Tartar)
* Battle of Hadrut
* Lachin offensive
* Battle of Shusha
* Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown
* War crimes
* Treatment of Armenian POWs

Post-ceasefire events|

* Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas
* 2020–2021 Armenian protests
* Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher
* Border crisis
* September 2022 escalation
* Susuzluq
* Shusha
* Farukh
* 2022 Armenian protests
* Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh
* 2023 Azerbaijani offensive
* Protests in Armenia
* Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians
* Berkadzor fuel depot explosion

Main locations|

* Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh
* Stepanakert
* Askeran Province
* Hadrut Province
* Kashatagh Province
* Martakert Province
* Martuni Province
* Shahumyan Province
* Shushi Province
* Armenian-occupied territories
* Aghdam District
* Fuzuli District
* Jabrayil District
* Kalbajar District
* Lachin District
* Lachin corridor
* Qubadli District
* Zangilan District

Political leaders|

* Armenia
* Levon Ter-Petrosyan
* Robert Kocharyan
* Serzh Sargsyan
* Nikol Pashinyan

* Republic of Artsakh
* Artur Mkrtchyan
* Robert Kocharyan
* Leonard Petrosyan
* Arkadi Ghukasyan
* Bako Sahakyan
* Arayik Harutyunyan
* Samvel Shahramanyan

* Azerbaijan
* Ayaz Mutallibov
* Abulfaz Elchibey
* Heydar Aliyev
* Ilham Aliyev
* Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh
* Bayram Safarov
* Nizami Bahmanov
* Tural Ganjaliyev

* Russia
* Mikhail Gorbachev
* Boris Yeltsin
* Vladimir Putin

* Turkey
* Turgut Özal
* Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Military leaders|

* Armenia
* Vazgen Sargsyan
* Gurgen Dalibaltayan
* Norat Ter-Grigoryants
* Jirair Sefilian
* Tiran Khachatryan
* Seyran Ohanyan

* Republic of Artsakh
* Samvel Babayan
* Kristapor Ivanyan
* Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan
* Monte Melkonian
* Jalal Harutyunyan
* Mikael Arzumanyan

* Azerbaijan
* Isgandar Hamidov
* Rahim Gaziyev
* Surat Huseynov
* Valeh Barshadly
* Mais Barkhudarov
* Hikmat Mirzayev
* Hikmat Hasanov

* Russia
* Viktor Polyanichko
* Pavel Grachev
* Rustam Muradov

* Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
* Shamil Basayev

* Afghanistan
* Gulbuddin Hekmatyar

Peace process|

* Baker rules
* Bishkek Protocol
* Tehran Communiqué
* Zheleznovodsk Communiqué
* OSCE Minsk Group
* Prague Process
* Madrid Principles
* 2020 ceasefire agreement
* 2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping
* Russia
* OSCE
* EU
* EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022
* EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023
* EUMA Feb 2023–present
* 2023 ceasefire agreement

International documents|

* Astrakhan Declaration
* Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration
* NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration
* OIC Resolution 10/11
* OIC Resolution 10/37
* PACE Resolution 1416
* PACE Resolution 2085
* UNGA Resolution 48/114
* UNGA Resolution 60/285
* UNGA Resolution 62/243
* UNSC resolutions
* 822
* 853
* 874
* 884

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Irredentism

Africa|

* Azawagh
* East African Federation
* Kongo
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Western Sahara
* Somalia
* South Africa

North America|

* Canada
* Guatemala
* Mexico
* United States
* movement for the annexation of Canada
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Martin

South America|

* Argentina
* Gran La Plata
* Bolivia
* Acre and Pando
* Chile
* Tricontinental
* Colombia
* Jaén and Maynas
* Ecuador
* Peru
* Bolivia
* Suriname

Western Asia|

* Armenia
* Artsakh
* Javakheti
* Western Armenia
* Assyria
* Azerbaijan
* Western Azerbaijan
* Southern Azerbaijan
* Lezgistan
* Cyprus
* Kurdistan
* Iraqi Kurdistan
* Iranian Kurdistan
* Turkish Kurdistan
* Syrian Kurdistan
* Iran
* Iraq
* Kuwait
* Israel
* Lebanon
* Palestine
* Saudi Arabia
* Syria
* Hatay
* Turkey
* Cyprus
* Pan-Turkism
* Yemen

Southern Asia|

* India
* Nepal
* Pashtunistan
* Tamil Nadu

Central Asia|

* Tajikistan

Eastern and Southeastern Asia|

* Cambodia
* China
* Diaoyu
* Taiwan
* Korea
* Daemado
* Gando
* Nokdundo
* Indonesia
* Malaysia
* Japan
* Chishima
* Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
* Takeshima
* Mongolia
* Philippines
* Sabah
* Thailand
* Timor
* Vietnam

Central and Eastern Europe|

* Belarus
* Belastok Region
* Vilnius Region
* Smolensk Governorate
* Czechoslovakia
* Carpathian Ruthenia
* Kłodzko
* Hungary
* Moldova
* Bessarabia
* Ossetia
* North Ossetia
* South Ossetia
* Poland
* Kresy
* Trans-Olza
* Danzig
* Western Borderlands
* Romania
* Moldova
* Russia
* Slovenia
* Ukraine

Southern Europe|

* Albania
* Kosovo
* North Macedonia
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Bosnia
* Galicia
* Greece
* Cyprus
* Italy
* Corfu
* Corsica
* Dalmatia
* Istria
* Italian Grisons
* Malta
* Nice
* Savoy
* Ticino
* North Macedonia
* Serbia
* Kosovo
* Republika Srpska
* Spain
* Gibraltar
* Portugal
* Yugoslavia

Northern Europe|

* Denmark
* Finland
* Karelia
* Iceland
* Latvia
* Abrene
* Ruhnu
* Lithuania
* Norway
* Sweden

Western Europe|

* Belgium
* Celtics
* South Tyrol and Austria
* France
* Wallonia
* Germany
* Austria
* Annexation of Austria
* Greater Germanic Reich
* Lebensraum
* Ireland
* Netherlands
* Switzerland

Oceania|

* Australia
* Kiribati
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Vanuatu

Related concepts: Border changes since 1914 · Partitionism · Reunification · Revanchism · Revisionism · Rump state

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