Micah 3

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An illustration of Micah 1:13: "O thou inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast." (www.ordination.org).

Book| Book of Micah
Category| Nevi'im
Christian Bible part| Old Testament
Order in the Christian part| 33

Micah 3 is the third chapter of the Book of Micah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Micah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.[3][4]

## Text

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The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 12 verses.

### Textual versions

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Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[5][a]

Fragments cumulatively containing all verses of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q82 (4QXIIg; 25 BCE) with extant verses 12;[7][8][9] and Wadi Murabba'at Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75-100 CE) with extant verses 1‑12.[8][10]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B;  G {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A;  G {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q;  G {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} Q; 6th century).[11][b] Some fragments containing parts of this chapter in Greek were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, Naḥal Ḥever 8Ḥev1 (8ḤevXIIgr); late 1st century BCE) with extant verses 5–6.[8][13]

## Unjust leaders and false prophets judged (3:1–8)

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### Verse 2

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Who hate the good,

and love the evil;
who pluck off their skin from off them,

and their flesh from off their bones;[14]

* "'Who hate the good, and love the evil": People love evil for its own sake (Romans 1:32) after losing the sense of right and wrong (John 3:20).[15]
* "Who pluck off their skin from off them": They are not shepherds, but butchers, who mercilessly extort and pillage, as also depicted in the Book of Ezekiel (Ezekiel 34:2–4).[16]
* "Pluck off their skin from off them, and their flesh from off their bones": Rob their fellow countrymen of all their substance (Psalm 14:4; Proverbs 30:14).[17] So the Targum, "seizing on their substance by violence, and their precious mammon they take away."[18]

## Zion's destruction (3:9–12)

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### Verse 12

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Therefore because of you
Zion shall be plowed like a field,
Jerusalem shall become heaps of ruins,
And the mountain of the temple
Like the bare hills of the forest.[19]

* Cros reference: Jeremiah 26:18
* "Temple": literally "house".[20]

In the Masoretic Text there is a note in margin of this verse indicating it as the middle of the "book" (i.e., the Book of the Twelve Prophets).[21]

## See also

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* Israel
* Jacob
* Zion
* Related Bible parts: Psalm 14, Proverbs 30, Jeremiah 20, Jeremiah 26, Ezekiel 34, Ephesians 3

## References

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### Notes

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1. ^ Since 1947 the current text of Aleppo Codex is missing Micah 1:1 to 5:1.[6]
2. ^ Book of Micah is missing in the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[12]

### Citations

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1. ^ Collins 2014.
2. ^ Hayes 2015.
3. ^ Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
4. ^ Keck, Leander E. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.
5. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
6. ^ P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362
7. ^ Ulrich 2010, p. 615.
8. ^ a b c Dead sea scrolls - Micah
9. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 39.
10. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 140–141.
11. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
12. ^ Shepherd 2018, p. 13.
13. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 127.
14. ^ Micah 3:2 KJV
15. ^ Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
16. ^ Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
17. ^ Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
18. ^ John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
19. ^ Micah 3:2 NKJV
20. ^ Notes in New King James Version on Micah 3:12
21. ^ Shepherd 2018, p. 23.

### Sources

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* Collins, John J. (2014). Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451469233.
* Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802862419.
* Hayes, Christine (2015). Introduction to the Bible. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300188271.
* Shepherd, Michael (2018). A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. ISBN 978-0825444593.
* Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.
* Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

## External links

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### Jewish

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* Micah 3 Hebrew with Parallel English
* Micah 3 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary

### Christian

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* Micah 3 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate

* v
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Book of Micah

Bible chapters|

* Micah 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7

Places|

* Adulam
* Achzib
* Assyria
* Bashan
* Bethlehem
* Carmel
* Egypt
* Ephratah
* Euphrates
* Gath
* Gilead
* Gilgal
* Jerusalem
* Judah
* Judea
* Lachish
* Maresha
* Migdal Eder
* Moab
* Samaria
* Shittim
* Zaanan
* Zion

People|

* Aaron
* Abraham
* Ahab
* Ahaz
* Balak
* Balaam son of Beor
* Hezekiah
* Jacob
* Jotham
* Micah
* Miriam
* Moses
* Nimrod
* Omri
* YHWH

Sources|

* Hebrew Bible
* Septuagint
* Latin Vulgate
* Wycliffe Version
* King James Version
* American Standard Version
* World English Version

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