Microgenia

Abnormally small chin

Microgenia is the medical term for an unusually small or deformed chin.[1]

The contrasting condition, an enlarged chin, is called "macrogenia".[2][3][4]

There are seven different chin deformities:

* Class I: Macrogenia (chin excess)
* Class II: Microgenia (chin deficiency)
* Class III: Combined excesses and deficiencies
* Class IV: Assymmetric deformity
* Class V: Witch's chin
* Class VI: Pseudomacrogenia
* Class VII: Pseudoretrogenia

Class II microgenia is the most commonly encountered chin deformity, followed by class II macrogenia.[5]

## Causes

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Can occur in anyone, but is often a sign of Down syndrome.[6][7][8]

## References

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1. ^ "microchinia - Definition from Merriam Webster's Medical Dictionary". Retrieved 2009-07-22.
2. ^ Hohl TH, Epker BN (May 1976). "Macrogenia: a study of treatment results, with surgical recommendations". Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 41 (5): 545–67\. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(76)90307-8. PMID 1063958.
3. ^ Guyuron B, Michelow BJ, Willis L (1995). "Practical classification of chin deformities". Aesthetic Plast Surg. 19 (3): 257–64\. doi:10.1007/BF00451101. PMID 7668174. S2CID 25623758.
4. ^ Zide BM, Warren SM, Spector JA (August 2007). "Chin surgery IV: the large chin--key parameters for successful chin reduction". Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 120 (2): 530–7\. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000267636.25672.81. PMID 17632360. S2CID 22341339.
5. ^ Thorne, Charles H.; Sinno, Sammy (2019-04-23). Operative Techniques in Facial Aesthetic Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-1-4963-5043-5.
6. ^ Myron Belfer, M.D. (1980). "Facial Plastic Surgery in Children with Down's Syndrome (preview page, with link to full content on plasreconsurg.com)". Book by Gottfried Lemperie, M.D., and Dorin Radu, M.D. p. 343. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
7. ^ Warren E. Morgan, M.D. (1992-05-28). "Macroglossia". Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-22. Microchinia mentioned among other characteristics of Down's Syndrome about halfway down the page.
8. ^ Meira Weiss (1994). Conditional love: parents' attitudes toward handicapped children. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 94\. ISBN 9780897893244. Retrieved 2009-07-22.

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Congenital malformations and deformations of face and neck

Face|

* jaw: Otocephaly

* mouth: Macrostomia
* Microstomia

* lip: Macrocheilia
* Microcheilia

* chin: Microgenia

* multiple/other: Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
* Branchial cleft cyst

Neck|

* Webbed neck

Ungrouped|

* Preauricular sinus and cyst

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