Microsoft POSIX subsystem

Subsystem shipped with the first versions of Windows NT

Microsoft POSIX subsystem

Developer(s)| Microsoft
Initial release| July 27, 1993; 31 years ago (1993-07-27)
Operating system| Microsoft Windows
Platform| IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC
Successor| Windows Services for UNIX
Standard(s)| POSIX.1 standard
(IEEE Std 1003.1-1990 / ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990)
Type| Compatibility layer

Microsoft POSIX subsystem is one of four subsystems shipped with the first versions of Windows NT, the other three being the Win32 subsystem which provided the primary API for Windows NT, plus the OS/2 and security subsystems.

## Features

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The subsystem only implements the POSIX.1 standard – also known as IEEE Std 1003.1-1990 or ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 – primarily covering the kernel and C library programming interfaces which allowed a program written for other POSIX.1-compliant operating systems to be compiled and run under Windows NT. The Windows NT POSIX subsystem did not provide the interactive user environment parts of POSIX, originally standardized as POSIX.2. That is, Windows NT did not provide a POSIX shell nor any Unix commands out of the box, except for pax. The NT POSIX subsystem also did not provide any of the POSIX extensions that postdated the creation of Windows NT 3.1, such as those for POSIX Threads or POSIX IPC.

## Background

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The POSIX subsystem shown next to the Win32 and OS/2 subsystem in the architecture of Windows NT.

The NT POSIX subsystem was included with the first versions of Windows NT because of 1980s US federal government requirements listed in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 151-2.[1] This standard required that certain types of government purchases be POSIX-compliant, so that if Windows NT had not included this subsystem, computing systems based on it would not have been eligible for some government contracts. Windows NT versions 3.5, 3.51 and 4.0 were certified as compliant with FIPS 151-2.

The runtime environment of the subsystem is provided by two files: psxss.exe and psxdll.dll. A POSIX application uses psxdll.dll to communicate with the subsystem while communicating with posix.exe to provide display capabilities on the Windows desktop.

## Update

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The POSIX subsystem was replaced in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 by "Windows Services for UNIX",[2] (SFU) which is based in part on OpenBSD code and other technology developed by Interix, a company later purchased by Microsoft.[3][4][5][6] SFU was removed from later versions of Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012. SFU is logically, though not formally, replaced by the Windows Subsystem for Linux[7] (WSL) in the Windows 10 Anniversary Update and Windows Server 2016 Version 1709[8][9] respectively.

## See also

[edit]

* MKS Toolkit
* UWIN
* Cygwin
* UnxUtils
* Windows Subsystem for Linux

## References

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1. ^ "Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 151-2". Archived from the original on 2014-02-20. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
2. ^ "POSIX and OS/2 are not supported in Windows XP or in Windows Server 2003". Archived from the original on 2013-03-28.
3. ^ Dohnert, Roberto J. (2004-01-21), "Review of Windows Services for UNIX 3.5", OSNews, David Adams, archived from the original on 2008-02-11
4. ^ Reiter, Brian (2010-01-26). "WONTFIX: select(2) in SUA 5.2 ignores timeout". brianreiter.org.
5. ^ "Microsoft Acquires Softway Systems To Strengthen Future Customer Interoperability Solutions", Microsoft News Center, Microsoft, 1999-09-17
6. ^ "Milltech Consulting Inc". 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-09-18. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
7. ^ Hammons, Jack (22 April 2016). "Windows Subsystem for Linux Overview". Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN). Microsoft. Retrieved 21 December 2016.)
8. ^ Turner, Rich (9 August 2017). "WSL arrives on Windows Server!". Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN). Rich Turner of Microsoft. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
9. ^ Cooley, Sarah. "Install the Linux Subsystem on Windows Server". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. Retrieved 8 March 2018.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Russinovich, Mark; David Solomon (December 8, 2004). Microsoft Windows Internals ((Fourth Edition) ed.). Microsoft Press. ISBN 0-7356-1917-4.
* Compiling Executables for the Classic POSIX Subsystem on Windows, a guide by Markus Gaasedelen

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