Mid-Atlantic (United States)

Region of the United States

Place

Mid-Atlantic

Left to right from top: The Lower Manhattan skyline in New York City, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Assateague Island, the Philadelphia skyline, and the Catskills seen from the Hudson River

Coordinates: 41°N 77°W﻿ / ﻿41°N 77°W﻿ / 41; -77
Composition|

* New York
* New Jersey
* Maryland
* Pennsylvania
* Delaware
* Virginia
* West Virginia
* Washington, D.C.

Metropolitan areas|

* Buffalo–Niagara Falls
* Albany–Schenectady–Troy
* Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington
* New York–Newark–Jersey City
* Allentown–Bethlehem–Easton
* Pittsburgh
* Rochester
* Richmond
* Syracuse
* Washington
* Scranton–Wilkes-Barre
* Harrisburg–York–Lebanon
* Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News
* Baltimore–Columbia–Towson

Largest city| New York
Area

• Total

| 191,299.86 sq mi (495,464.4 km2)
• Land| 174,468.45 sq mi (451,871.2 km2)
• Water| 16,831.41 sq mi (43,593.2 km2)  8.80%
Population

(2020)[1]

• Total

| 60,783,913
• Density| 320/sq mi (120/km2)
GDP (nominal)

[2]

• Q3 2022| $5.233 trillion

The Mid-Atlantic is a region of the United States located in the overlap between the Northeastern and Southeastern states of the United States. Its exact definition differs upon source, but the region typically includes New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, West Virginia, District of Columbia, and Pennsylvania.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Some sources include New York, while others exclude Pennsylvania. When discussing climates, Connecticut is often included with the Middle Atlantic states. However, according the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the states listed above are commonly accepted as the Mid-Atlantic region. The region has its origin in the Middle Colonies of the 18th century when its states were among the Thirteen Colonies of pre-revolutionary British America. As of the 2020 census, the region had a population of 60,783,913, representing slightly over 18% of the nation's population.

The Mid-Atlantic region played an instrumental and historic role in the nation's founding and the development of the nation. Six of the seven states were members of the Thirteen Colonies that sent delegates to the Second Continental Congress, which assembled in Philadelphia and unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence, and formalized the Continental Army under George Washington's command during the American Revolutionary War. Following independence, the states again gathered in Philadelphia at the Constitutional Convention, in 1788, where they ratified the United States Constitution, which remains the oldest and longest-standing written and codified national constitution in force in the world.[10]

The Mid-Atlantic region was settled during the colonial era between the early 17th century and the conclusion of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 by European Americans of primarily Dutch, German, Swedish, English, and other Western European ethnicities. Religious pluralism and freedoms existed in the original Thirteen Colonies and were particularly prevalent in Province of Pennsylvania and the geographic region that ultimately broke from Pennsylvania to form the Delaware Colony. Among the 13 colonies, the Province of Maryland was the only colony with a substantial Catholic population.

Following the American Revolutionary War, the Mid-Atlantic region hosted each of the historic capitals of the United States. The nation's capital was constructed in Washington, D.C. in the late 18th century, and relocated there from Philadelphia in 1800.

In the early part of the 19th century, New York and Pennsylvania overtook Virginia as the nation's two most populous states, and the Mid-Atlantic region overtook New England as the most important trading and industrial center in the nation. During this period, large numbers of German, Irish, Italian, Jewish, Polish, and other immigrants arrived in the region's coastal cities, including Baltimore, Newark, New York City, Philadelphia, and interior cities such as Pittsburgh, and Rochester, Albany, and Buffalo, with their skyscrapers and subways, which emerged as icons of modernity and American economic and cultural power in the 20th century.

In the late 19th century, the region played a vital and historic role in the development of American culture, commerce, trade, and industry sectors. Historian Frederick Jackson Turner labeled it "typically American."[11]

The Northeast Corridor and Interstate 95 in the region link an almost contiguous urban region, which includes large and small cities and their respective suburbs and forms the Northeast megalopolis, one of the world's most important concentrations of finance, media, communications, education, medicine, and technology. The Mid-Atlantic is a relatively affluent region of the nation; nearly half of the nation's 100 highest-income counties based on median household income are located in the Mid-Atlantic, and 33 of the nation's top 100 counties based on per capita income are in the region. Most of the Mid-Atlantic states rank among the 15 highest-income states in the nation by both median household income and per capita income.

The region is home to eight of the top 25 ranked universities in the nation: Cornell University in Ithaca, New York; Columbia University and NYU in New York City; Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey; the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia; Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh; Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.; and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia according to U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking.[12][13][14]

## Composition

[edit]

Definitions of the geographic components of the Mid-Atlantic region differ slightly among sources.[15] Generally speaking, the region is inclusive of the states of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, and the federal district of the District of Columbia, with some additional sources including or excluding other areas in parts of the Northeast region and the South Atlantic states, for practical reasons.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

The United States Census Bureau defines the Mid-Atlantic as a sub-region of the Northeast and only includes New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.[5] The Bureau of Labor Statistics excludes New York;[3] the Environmental Protection Agency excludes New York and New Jersey;[7] and the U.S. Department of Transportation \- United States Maritime Administration includes North Carolina.[8] In 2004, the United States Geological Survey within the context of Ground-Water Vulnerability to Nitrate Contamination, defined the region as including Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington, D.C., and parts of New Jersey, New York, and North Carolina.[6]

West Virginia and Virginia are atypical of this region in a few ways. These states both primarily lie within the Southern American dialect region,[16] and the major religious tradition is largely Evangelical Christian, with 30% in Virginia and 39% in West Virginia identifying as evangelicals.[17] Although a few of West Virginia's eastern panhandle counties are considered part of the Washington metropolitan area, the major portion of the state is rural and there are no major or even large cities.[18]

* A USGS fact sheet on the Mid-Atlantic region's groundwater[19]

* An 1897 map displaying a broad definition of the Mid-Atlantic region

* An 1886 Harper's School Geography map showing the region, which excludes Virginia and West Virginia

* The U.S. Census Bureau's geographic definition of the Mid-Atlantic includes three states, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania

## History

[edit]

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|

Shipping containers at Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal in the Port of New York and New Jersey

Shipping and trade have been important to the Mid-Atlantic economy since the beginning of the colonial era. The explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to see the region in 1524. Henry Hudson later extensively explored that region in 1611 and claimed it for the Dutch, who then created a fur-trading post in Albany in 1614. Jamestown, Virginia was the first permanent English colony in North America, it was established seven years earlier in 1607.

From early colonial times, the Mid-Atlantic region was settled by a wider range of European people than in New England or the South. The Dutch New Netherland settlement along the Hudson River in New York City and New Jersey, and for a time, New Sweden along the Delaware River in Delaware, divided the two great bulwarks of English settlement from each other. The original English settlements in the region notably provided refuge to religious minorities, Maryland to Roman Catholics and Pennsylvania to Quakers and Anabaptist Pennsylvania Dutch. In time, all these settlements fell under English colonial control, but the region continued to be a magnet for people of diverse nationalities.

The area that came to be known as the Middle Colonies served as a strategic bridge between the North and South. The New York and New Jersey campaign during the American Revolutionary War saw more battles than any other theater of the conflict. Philadelphia, midway between the northern and southern colonies, was home to the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates who organized the American Revolution. Philadelphia also was the birthplace of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the United States Constitution in 1787, while the United States Bill of Rights was drafted and ratified and the first Supreme Court of the United States sat for the first time, in the first capital under the Constitution of New York.

While early settlers were mostly farmers, traders, and fishermen, the Mid-Atlantic states provided the young United States with heavy industry and served as the "melting pot" of new immigrants from Europe. Cities grew along major ports, shipping routes, and waterways, including New York City and Newark on opposite sides of the Hudson River, Philadelphia on the Delaware River, Allentown on the Lehigh River, and Baltimore on the Chesapeake Bay.

## Major states, cities, and urban areas

[edit]

New York City Philadelphia Baltimore Washington, D.C.

### Metropolitan areas

[edit]

Largest metropolitan statistical areas by population in the Mid-Atlantic Region | MSA | 2020 census | 2010 census

|
|
|

1 | New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA | 20,140,470 | 18,897,109
2 | Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | 6,385,162 | 5,649,540
3 | Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD | 6,245,051 | 5,965,343
4 | Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD | 2,844,510 | 2,710,489
5 | Pittsburgh, PA | 2,370,930 | 2,356,285
6 | Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC | 1,799,674 | 1,713,954
7 | Richmond, VA | 1,314,434 | 1,186,501
8 | Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY | 1,166,902 | 1,135,509
9 | Rochester, NY | 1,090,135 | 1,079,671
10 | Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY | 899,262 | 870,716
Top ten largest cities by population in the Mid-Atlantic Region | City | 2020 census  | Total area

|
|
|

1 | New York, NY | 8,804,190  | 472.43 sq mi
2 | Philadelphia, PA | 1,603,797  | 142.70 sq mi
3 | Washington, D.C. | 689,545  | 68.35 sq mi
4 | Baltimore, MD | 585,708  | 92.05 sq mi
5 | Virginia Beach, VA | 459,470  | 497.50 sq mi
6 | Newark, NJ | 311,549  | 25.88 sq mi
7 | Pittsburgh, PA | 302,971  | 58.35 sq mi
8 | Jersey City, NJ | 292,449  | 21.03 sq mi
9 | Buffalo, NY | 278,349  | 52.48 sq mi
10 | Chesapeake, VA | 249,422  | 350.95 sq mi
Top ten largest towns/townships by population in the Mid-Atlantic region[20] | Township  | 2020 census

|
|

1\.  | Hempstead, NY | 793,409
2\.  | Brookhaven, NY | 485,773
3\.  | Islip, NY | 339,938
4\.  | Oyster Bay, NY | 301,332
5\.  | N. Hempstead, NY | 237,639
6\.  | Babylon, NY | 218,223
7  | Huntington, NY | 204,127
8  | Ramapo, NY | 148,919
9  | Lakewood Township, NJ | 135,158
10\.  | Amherst, NY | 129,595

### States and federal district

[edit]

| State or federal district  | 2020 census  | Total area

|
|
|

1  | New York | 20,201,249  | 54,555 sq mi
2  | Pennsylvania | 13,002,700  | 46,055 sq mi
3  | New Jersey | 9,288,994  | 8,722.58 sq mi
4  | Virginia | 8,631,393  | 42,774.2 sq mi
5  | Maryland | 6,177,224  | 12,407 sq mi
6  | West Virginia | 1,793,716  | 24,230 sq mi
7  | Delaware | 989,948  | 2,489 sq mi
8  | District of Columbia | 689,545  | 68.35 sq mi
Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1790| 2,085,066| | —
1800| 2,702,679| | 29.6%
1810| 3,466,545| | 28.3%
1820| 4,278,349| | 23.4%
1830| 5,362,691| | 25.3%
1840| 6,357,873| | 18.6%
1850| 8,046,649| | 26.6%
1860| 9,929,648| | 23.4%
1870| 11,515,592| | 16.0%
1880| 13,887,075| | 20.6%
1890| 16,566,269| | 19.3%
1900| 19,919,159| | 20.2%
1910| 24,427,360| | 22.6%
1920| 28,144,267| | 15.2%
1930| 32,768,581| | 16.4%
1940| 34,870,074| | 6.4%
1950| 38,951,029| | 11.7%
1960| 44,306,759| | 13.7%
1970| 48,818,784| | 10.2%
1980| 49,532,898| | 1.5%
1990| 51,637,657| | 4.2%
2000| 55,210,865| | 6.9%
2010| 57,999,602| | 5.1%
2020| 60,783,913| | 4.8%
Source:1790–2020[21]

### State capitals and federal district

[edit]

| Capital  | 2020 census  | Total area

|
|
|

1  | Washington, D.C. | 689,545  | 68.35 sq mi
2  | Richmond, Virginia | 226,610  | 62.57 sq mi
3  | Albany, New York | 99,224  | 21.94 sq mi
4  | Trenton, New Jersey | 90,871  | 8.20 sq mi
5  | Harrisburg, Pennsylvania | 50,099  | 11.86 sq mi
6  | Charleston, West Virginia | 48,864  | 32.64 sq mi
7  | Annapolis, Maryland | 40,812  | 8.11 sq mi
8  | Dover, Delaware | 39,403  | 23.97 sq mi

Note: The Mid-Atlantic region is also home to the nation's capital, Washington, D.C.

## In presidential elections

[edit]

Parties

Nonpartisan | Federalist | Democratic-Republican | National Republican | Democratic | Whig | Know Nothing | Republican | Constitutional Union | Progressive

* Bold denotes election winner.

Presidential electoral votes in the Mid-Atlantic states since 1789

Year | Delaware | District of Columbia | Maryland | New Jersey | New York | Pennsylvania | Virginia | West Virginia
1789 | Washington | No election | Washington | Washington | Gridlocked | Washington | Washington | No election
1792 | Washington | No election | Washington | Washington | Washington | Washington | Washington | No election
1796 | Adams | No election | Adams | Adams | Adams | Jefferson | Jefferson | No election
1800 | Adams | No election | Jefferson | Adams | Jefferson | Jefferson | Jefferson | No election
1804 | Pinckney | No election | Jefferson | Jefferson | Jefferson | Jefferson | Jefferson | No election
1808 | Pinckney | No election | Madison | Madison | Madison | Madison | Madison | No election
1812 | Clinton | No election | Madison | Clinton | Clinton | Madison | Madison | No election
1816 | King | No election | Monroe | Monroe | Monroe | Monroe | Monroe | No election
1820 | Monroe | No election | Monroe | Monroe | Monroe | Monroe | Monroe | No election
1824 | Crawford | No election | Jackson | Jackson | Adams | Jackson | Crawford | No election
1828 | Adams | No election | Adams | Adams | Jackson | Jackson | Jackson | No election
1832 | Clay | No election | Clay | Jackson | Jackson | Jackson | Jackson | No election
1836 | Harrison | No election | Harrison | Harrison | Van Buren | Van Buren | Van Buren | No election
1840 | Harrison | No election | Harrison | Harrison | Harrison | Harrison | Van Buren | No election
1844 | Clay | No election | Clay | Clay | Polk | Polk | Polk | No election
1848 | Taylor | No election | Taylor | Taylor | Taylor | Taylor | Cass | No election
1852 | Pierce | No election | Pierce | Pierce | Pierce | Pierce | Pierce | No election
1856 | Buchanan | No election | Fillmore | Buchanan | Frémont | Buchanan | Buchanan | No election
1860 | Breckinridge | No election | Breckinridge | Lincoln | Lincoln | Lincoln | Bell | No election
1864 | McClellan | No election | Lincoln | McClellan | Lincoln | Lincoln | No election | Lincoln
1868 | Seymour | No election | Seymour | Seymour | Seymour | Grant | No election | Grant
1872 | Grant | No election | Hendricks | Grant | Grant | Grant | Grant | Grant
1876 | Tilden | No election | Tilden | Tilden | Tilden | Hayes | Tilden | Tilden
1880 | Hancock | No election | Hancock | Hancock | Garfield | Garfield | Hancock | Hancock
1884 | Cleveland | No election | Cleveland | Cleveland | Cleveland | Blaine | Cleveland | Cleveland
1888 | Cleveland | No election | Cleveland | Cleveland | Harrison | Harrison | Cleveland | Cleveland
1892 | Cleveland | No election | Cleveland | Cleveland | Cleveland | Harrison | Cleveland | Cleveland
1896 | McKinley | No election | McKinley | McKinley | McKinley | McKinley | Bryan | McKinley
1900 | McKinley | No election | McKinley | McKinley | McKinley | McKinley | Bryan | McKinley
1904 | Roosevelt | No election | Parker | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Parker | Roosevelt
1908 | Taft | No election | Bryan | Taft | Taft | Taft | Bryan | Taft
1912 | Wilson | No election | Wilson | Wilson | Wilson | Roosevelt | Wilson | Wilson
1916 | Hughes | No election | Wilson | Hughes | Hughes | Hughes | Wilson | Hughes
1920 | Harding | No election | Harding | Harding | Harding | Harding | Cox | Harding
1924 | Coolidge | No election | Coolidge | Coolidge | Coolidge | Coolidge | Davis | Coolidge
1928 | Hoover | No election | Hoover | Hoover | Hoover | Hoover | Hoover | Hoover
1932 | Hoover | No election | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Hoover | Roosevelt | Roosevelt
1936 | Roosevelt | No election | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt
1940 | Roosevelt | No election | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt
1944 | Roosevelt | No election | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt | Roosevelt
1948 | Dewey | No election | Dewey | Dewey | Dewey | Dewey | Truman | Truman
1952 | Eisenhower | No election | Eisenhower | Eisenhower | Eisenhower | Eisenhower | Eisenhower | Stevenson
1956 | Eisenhower | No election | Eisenhower | Eisenhower | Eisenhower | Eisenhower | Eisenhower | Eisenhower
1960 | Kennedy | No election | Kennedy | Kennedy | Kennedy | Kennedy | Nixon | Kennedy
1964 | Johnson | Johnson | Johnson | Johnson | Johnson | Johnson | Johnson | Johnson
1968 | Nixon | Humphrey | Humphrey | Nixon | Humphrey | Humphrey | Nixon | Humphrey
1972 | Nixon | McGovern | Nixon | Nixon | Nixon | Nixon | Nixon | Nixon
1976 | Carter | Carter | Carter | Ford | Carter | Carter | Ford | Carter
1980 | Reagan | Carter | Carter | Reagan | Reagan | Reagan | Reagan | Carter
1984 | Reagan | Mondale | Reagan | Reagan | Reagan | Reagan | Reagan | Reagan
1988 | Bush | Dukakis | Bush | Bush | Dukakis | Bush | Bush | Dukakis
1992 | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Bush | Clinton
1996 | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Dole | Clinton
2000 | Gore | Gore | Gore | Gore | Gore | Gore | Bush | Bush
2004 | Kerry | Kerry | Kerry | Kerry | Kerry | Kerry | Bush | Bush
2008 | Obama | Obama | Obama | Obama | Obama | Obama | Obama | McCain
2012 | Obama | Obama | Obama | Obama | Obama | Obama | Obama | Romney
2016 | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Clinton | Trump | Clinton | Trump
2020 | Biden | Biden | Biden | Biden | Biden | Biden | Biden | Trump
2024 | Harris | Harris | Harris | Harris | Harris | Trump | Harris | Trump
Year | Delaware | District of Columbia | Maryland | New Jersey | New York | Pennsylvania | Virginia | West Virginia

## Culture

[edit]

### Sports

[edit]

The Mid-Atlantic is home to 33 professional sports franchises in the five major leagues and the two most prominent women's professional leagues:

| NFL | NHL | MLB | NBA | MLS | WNBA | NWSL

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

New York/New Jersey | Giants
Jets | Devils
Islanders
Rangers | Mets
Yankees | Knicks
Nets | NYC FC
Red Bulls | Liberty | Gotham FC
Washington | Commanders | Capitals | Nationals | Wizards | United | Mystics | Spirit
Philadelphia | Eagles | Flyers | Phillies | 76ers | Union |  |
Pittsburgh | Steelers | Penguins | Pirates |  |  |  |
Baltimore | Ravens |  | Orioles |  |  |  |
Buffalo | Bills | Sabres |  |  |  |  |

Notable golf tournaments in the Mid-Atlantic include the Barclays, Quicken Loans National and Atlantic City LPGA Classic.

Two high-level professional tennis tournaments are held in the region. The US Open, held in New York, is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, whereas the Washington Open is part of the ATP Tour 500 series and WTA 250 series.

Notable motorsports tracks include Watkins Glen International, Dover Motor Speedway and Pocono Raceway, which have hosted Formula One, IndyCar, NASCAR, World Sportscar Championship and IMSA races. Also, the Englishtown and Reading drag strips such have hosted NHRA national events. Pimlico Race Course at Baltimore and Belmont Park at New York host the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes horse races, which are part of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing.

## Economy

[edit]

With a GDP nominal of over $5.2 trillion, the Mid-Atlantic economy would be third-largest in the world if calculated separately, only behind the remaining United States and China and nearly $1 trillion larger than next place Japan. This economic prosperity is buoyed by a significant financial services and banking sector, healthcare and chemicals industry, and telecommunications and entertainment conglomerates.

According to the Global Financial Centres Index,[22] the Mid-Atlantic region is home to the leading financial center in the world (New York) at #1, with Washington also present at #15.

Notable companies (over $100 billion market cap) headquartered in the region include:

Company  | Headquarters  | Market cap ($ billions)  | Global rank

|
|
|

Chase | New York, New York | $447.91  | 13
Johnson and Johnson | New Brunswick, New Jersey | $430.06  | 15
Mastercard | Harrison, New York | $364.48  | 22
Pfizer | New York, New York | $272.39  | 29
PepsiCo | Harrison, New York | $232.01  | 40
Verizon Communications | New York, New York | $225.96  | 45
Comcast-NBC | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | $211.42  | 50
Merck | Kenilworth, New Jersey | $192.90  | 60
Danaher | Washington, District of Columbia | $190.74  | 61
Morgan Stanley | New York, New York | $169.08  | 73
American Express | New York, New York | $147.98  | 89
Bristol Myers Squibb | New York, New York | $147.23  | 91
Citigroup | New York, New York | $127.27  | 105
Goldman Sachs | New York, New York | $115.43  | 118
BlackRock | New York, New York | $114.67  | 120
International Business Machines | North Castle, New York | $111.45  | 124
Estee Lauder | New York, New York | $108.67  | 130
Lockheed Martin | Bethesda, Maryland | $105.24  | 137

## See also

[edit]

* List of regions of the United States

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "2020 Census Apportionment Results". The United States Census Bureau.
2. ^ "GDP by State | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)" (PDF).
3. ^ a b c "Mid-Atlantic Home : Mid–Atlantic Information Office : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". www.bls.gov. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
4. ^ a b Schultz, Alex. "7 Beautiful Mid-Atlantic States". Touropia. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
5. ^ a b c "Census Regions and Divisions of the United States" (PDF). United States Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, United States Census Bureau, Geography Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2013.
6. ^ a b c Earl A. Greene et al. "Ground-Water Vulnerability to Nitrate Contamination in the Mid-Atlantic Region". Archived November 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine USGS Fact Sheet FS 2004-3067. 2005. Retrieved April 25, 2013. Note: Although the locator map appears to exclude part of northwestern Pennsylvania, other more detailed maps in this article include all of the state. Often, when discussing climate, southern Connecticut is included with the Middle Atlantic.
7. ^ a b c EPA Region 3 (Mid-Atlantic) | Serving Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia and 7 federally recognized tribes. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (n.d.). https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/epa-region-3-mid-atlantic
8. ^ a b c Mid-Atlantic Gateway (Washington, DC). Mid-Atlantic Gateway (Washington, DC) | MARAD. (n.d.). https://www.maritime.dot.gov/about-us/gateway-offices/mid-atlantic-gateway-office-washington-dc
9. ^ a b U.S. Department of Defense - Office of Small Business Programs. "Mid-Atlantic Regional Council". business.defense.gov. Retrieved 2024-01-14. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
10. ^ Goodlatte says U.S. has the oldest working national constitution, Politifact Virginia website, September 22, 2014.
11. ^ "United States". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Retrieved April 9, 2009.
12. ^ "National University Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
13. ^ "Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
14. ^ "U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
15. ^ "Merriam-Webster". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
16. ^ Labov, William, Sharon Ash and Charles Boberg, Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change, Mouton de Gruyter, 2005 Southern Regional Map Archived June 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
17. ^ "Religious Landscape Study". Religions.pewforum.org. May 11, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
18. ^ "U.S. Census 2000 Report" (PDF). Census.gov. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
19. ^ Earl A. Greene et al. "Ground-Water Vulnerability to Nitrate Contamination in the Mid-Atlantic Region" Archived 2017-11-17 at the Wayback Machine. USGS Fact Sheet FS 2004-3067. 2005. Retrieved 25 April 2013. Note: Although the locator map appears to exclude part of northwestern Pennsylvania, other more detailed maps in this article include all of the state.
20. ^ "The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas". statisticalatlas.com. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
21. ^ "Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020)". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
22. ^ "The Global Financial Centres Index 30" (PDF). Retrieved February 21, 2022.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Bodle, Wayne, "The Mid-Atlantic and the American Revolution", Pennsylvania History 82 (Summer 2015), 282–99.
* Heineman, Kenneth J., "The Only Things You Will Find in the Middle of the Road are Double Yellow Lines, Dead Frogs, and Electoral Leverage: Mid-Atlantic Political Culture and Influence across the Centuries", Pennsylvania History, 82 (Summer 2015), 300–13.
* Landsman, Ned C. Crossroads of Empire: The Middle Colonies in British North America (2010)
* Longhurst, James. "'Typically American': Trends in the History of Environmental Politics and Policy in the Mid-Atlantic Region". Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 79.4 (2012): 409–427.
* Magoc, Chris J., "In Search of a Useable—and Hopeful—Environmental Narrative in the Mid-Atlantic", Pennsylvania History, 82 (Summer 2015), 314–28.
* Mancall, Peter C., Joshua L. Rosenbloom, and Thomas Weiss. "Exports from the Colonies and States of the Middle Atlantic Region 1720–1800". Research in Economic History 29 (2013): 257–305.
* Marzec, Robert. The Mid-Atlantic Region: The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures (2004)
* Richter, Daniel K, "Mid-Atlantic Colonies, R.I.P.", Pennsylvania History, 82 (Summer 2015), 257–81.
* Rosenbloom, Joshua L., and Thomas Weiss. "Economic growth in the Mid-Atlantic region: Conjectural estimates for 1720 to 1800". Explorations in Economic History 51 (2014): 41–59.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Mid-Atlantic.

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* Western
* Arabian Peninsula
* Caucasus
* South Caucasus
* Greater Iran
* Iranian plateau
* Levant
* Dead Sea
* Levantine Sea
* Middle East
* Mashriq
* Middle East and North Africa
* Near East

Europe|

* Central
* Eastern
* Balkans
* Caucasus
* North Caucasus
* South Caucasus
* Southern Russia
* European Russia
* Southeastern
* Northern
* Baltic
* British Isles
* Nordic
* Northwestern
* Scandinavia
* Scandinavian Peninsula
* Southern
* Mediterranean
* Middle East
* Italy
* Italian Peninsula
* South-eastern
* Balkan Peninsula
* South-western
* Iberian Peninsula
* Western
* Atlantic
* Low Countries
* Northwestern
* Celtic
* Germanic
* Romance
* Slavic

North America|

* Aridoamerica
* Caribbean
* Central
* Mesoamerica
* Middle
* Northern
* Appalachia
* Bible Belt
* East Coast
* Great Lakes
* Mid-Atlantic
* Midwest
* Mountain states
* New England
* Northeastern United States
* Pacific Northwest
* Southern United States
* Southwest
* West Coast
* West South Central United States
* Western United States
* Atlantic Canada
* Canadian Prairies
* Central Canada
* Eastern Canada
* Northern Canada
* Western Canada
* Northern Mexico
* West Indies
* Anglo
* French
* Latin
* Ibero
* Hispanic
* Portuguese
* Latin America and the Caribbean

Oceania|

* Australasia
* Australia
* Mainland Australia
* New Guinea
* Tasmania
* Zealandia
* Melanesia
* Island Melanesia
* Micronesia
* Near Oceania
* Polynesia
* Remote Oceania

South America|

* Amazon Plain
* Amazon Basin
* Amazon Rainforest
* Andean States
* Brazilian Highlands
* Caribbean South America
* The Guianas
* Latin America and the Caribbean
* Southern Cone
* Patagonia

Islands|

| By continent|

* Africa
* America
* North America
* Caribbean
* Central America
* South America
* Antarctica
* Asia
* Europe
* by area
* by population
* Oceania
* Australia
* New Zealand

|

By ocean|

* Arctic Ocean
* Atlantic Ocean
* Baltic Sea
* Black Sea
* Caribbean Sea
* Irish Sea
* Mediterranean Sea
* Adriatic Sea
* Aegean Sea
* Ionian Sea
* Indian Ocean
* Persian Gulf
* Pacific Ocean
* East China Sea
* South China Sea
* Southern Ocean

Oceans|

* Antarctic/Southern Ocean
* Antarctic Convergence
* Arctic Ocean
* Atlantic Ocean
* Indian Ocean
* Pacific Ocean
* Great Barrier Reef
* Mariana Trench
* Ring of Fire
* World Ocean

Other waterbodies|

* Lakes
* lists
* Rivers
* Seas

Rim|

* Atlantic Rim
* Indo-Mediterranean
* Indian Ocean Rim
* Mediterranean Rim
* Pacific Rim

Polar|

* Antarctic
* Arctic

Global|

* Global East
* Global Heartland
* Global North
* Global Northeast
* Global Northwest
* Global South
* Global Southeast
* Global Southwest
* Global West

* Continents of Earth / List of seas / Physical Earth

* v
* t
* e

Regions of the United States

Administrative|

| Units|

* U.S. state
* District of Columbia
* Territory
* Insular area
* Minor Outlying Island
* Tribal domestic dependent nations
* Maritime territory

|

Time zones|

* Chamorro
* Samoa
* Hawaii–Aleutian
* Alaska
* Pacific
* Mountain
* Central
* Eastern
* Atlantic

Census|

* West
* Pacific
* Mountain
* Midwest
* E N Central
* W N Central
* Northeast
* New England
* Middle Atlantic
* South
* S Atlantic
* E S Central
* W S Central

Courts of
appeals

* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th
* 8th
* 9th
* 10th
* 11th

Physical|

| Physiographic|

* Pacific Mountain
* Intermontane Plateaus
* Rocky Mountains
* Laurentian Upland
* Interior Plains
* Interior Highlands
* Appalachian Highlands
* Atlantic Plain
* Tidewater

|

Coastal|

* Arctic
* West
* Great Lakes
* Gulf
* East

Historical|

Acquisitions

* Thirteen Colonies
* Northwest Territory
* Southwest Territory
* Louisiana Purchase
* Gadsden Purchase
* Treaty of 1818
* Adams–Onís Treaty
* Texas annexation
* Oregon Treaty
* Mexican Cession
* Alaska Purchase
* Newlands Resolution
* Acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam
* Cession of Tutuila
* Cession of Manu'a
* Annexation of the Indian Territory
* Treaty of the Danish West Indies
* Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands

|

Civil War|

* Union
* Border states
* Confederacy
* Old South
* Dixie
* Slave states and free states

Divided|

* Atlantic Northeast
* The Californias
* Columbia District
* Oregon Country
* Pacific Northwest
* Prairie Pothole
* Samoan Islands
* Sonoran Desert
* Virgin Islands

Other|

* Appalachia
* Central
* Eastern
* Four Corners
* Great Plains
* High Plains
* Intermountain
* International border states
* Mariana Islands
* Northern
* Northwestern
* Cascadia
* Red states and blue states
* Southeastern
* Southern
* Deep
* Mid
* New
* Solid
* Upland
* Southwestern
* Upper Midwest

* List
* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

United States articles

History|

| By period|

* 1776–1789
* 1789–1815
* 1815–1849
* 1849–1865
* 1865–1917
* 1917–1945
* 1945–1964
* 1964–1980
* 1980–1991
* 1991–2008
* 2008–present

|

By event|

* Pre-colonial era
* Colonial era
* Stamp Act Congress
* Thirteen Colonies
* Continental Congress
* Continental Association
* United Colonies
* military history
* Founding Fathers
* Halifax Resolves
* Lee Resolution
* Declaration of Independence
* American Revolution
* War
* Treaty of Paris
* Articles of Confederation
* Perpetual Union
* Confederation period
* American frontier
* Constitution
* drafting and ratification
* Bill of Rights
* Federalist Era
* War of 1812
* Territorial evolution
* Mexican–American War
* Civil War
* Reconstruction era
* Indian Wars
* Native genocide
* Gilded Age
* Progressive Era
* Women's suffrage
* Civil rights movement
* 1865–1896
* 1896–1954
* 1954–1968
* Spanish–American War
* Imperialism
* World War I
* Roaring Twenties
* Great Depression
* World War II
* home front
* American Century
* Cold War
* Korean War
* Space Race
* Feminist Movement
* LGBT Movement
* Vietnam War
* Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
* September 11 attacks
* War on Terror
* War in Afghanistan
* Iraq War
* Great Recession
* COVID-19 pandemic

By topic|

* Outline of U.S. history
* Demographic
* Discoveries
* Economic
* Inventions
* Military
* Postal
* Technological and industrial

Geography|

* Territory
* Contiguous United States
* counties
* federal district
* federal enclaves
* Indian reservations
* insular zones
* minor outlying islands
* populated places
* states
* Earthquakes
* Extreme points
* Islands
* Mountains
* peaks
* ranges
* Appalachian
* Rocky
* Sierra Nevada
* National Park Service
* National Parks
* Regions
* East Coast
* West Coast
* Great Plains
* Gulf
* Mid-Atlantic
* Midwestern
* New England
* Pacific
* Central
* Eastern
* Northern
* Northeastern
* Northwestern
* Southern
* Southeastern
* Southwestern
* Western
* Longest rivers
* Arkansas
* Colorado
* Columbia
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Red (South)
* Rio Grande
* Yukon
* Time
* Water supply and sanitation
* World Heritage Sites

Politics|

| Federal|

| Executive|

* President of the United States
* powers
* Executive Office
* Vice President
* Cabinet
* Executive departments
* Independent agencies
* Intelligence Community
* Director of National Intelligence
* Central Intelligence Agency
* National Security Agency
* National Reconnaissance Office
* Law enforcement
* ATF
* CBP
* Diplomatic Security
* DEA
* FBI
* ICE
* Marshals
* Secret Service
* TSA
* Inspector generals
* Civil service
* Public policy

|

Legislative|

* House of Representatives
* current members
* Speaker
* Senate
* current members
* President pro tempore
* President
* Capitol Police
* Library of Congress
* Congressional Budget Office
* Government Accountability Office
* Government Publishing Office

Judicial|

* Supreme Court
* Chief Justice
* Associate Justices
* list
* Courts of appeals
* list of judges
* District courts/Territorial courts
* list of courts
* list of judges
* Other tribunals
* U.S. attorney

Law|

* Bill of Rights
* civil liberties
* Code of Federal Regulations
* Constitution
* federalism
* preemption
* separation of powers
* civil rights
* United States Code

Uniformed|

* Armed Forces
* Army
* Marine Corps
* Navy
* Air Force
* Space Force
* Coast Guard
* National Guard
* NOAA Corps
* Public Health Service Corps

State,
Federal District,
and Territorial|

| Executive|

* Governor
* list
* Lieutenant governor
* list
* Secretary of state
* Attorney general
* Treasurer
* Auditor/Comptroller
* Agriculture commissioner
* Insurance commissioner
* Public utilities commission
* State police
* list

|

Legislative|

* List of legislatures
* List of legislators

Judicial|

* Supreme courts
* Chief justices
* District attorney
* list

Law|

* State constitutions
* Statutory codes
* Uniform act
* Comparison of governments

Tribal|

* Tribal sovereignty
* Native American recognition in the United States
* Federally recognized tribes
* Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
* State-recognized tribes
* Indian reservation
* list
* Hawaiian home land

Local|

| County|

* List of counties and county equivalents
* County executive
* Sheriff
* Clerk

|

Cities|

* Consolidated city-county
* Independent city
* Coterminous municipality
* Charter
* Mayor–council government
* Council–manager government
* City commission government
* Mayor
* City manager
* City council

Minor divisions|

* Township
* Town meeting

Special district|

* School district
* list

* Corruption
* Elections
* Electoral College
* Red states and blue states
* Foreign relations
* foreign policy
* Imperial presidency
* Ideologies
* Anti-Americanism
* exceptionalism
* nationalism
* Parties
* Democratic
* Republican
* Third parties
* Scandals

Economy|

* By sector
* Agriculture
* Banking
* Communications
* Companies
* Energy
* Insurance
* Manufacturing
* Mining
* Science and technology
* Tourism
* Trade
* by state
* Currency
* Exports
* Federal budget
* Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
* Federal Reserve System
* Financial position
* Labor unions
* Public debt
* Social welfare programs
* Taxation
* Unemployment
* Wall Street

Transport|

* Aviation
* Driving
* Public transportation
* Rail transportation
* Transportation policy
* Transportation safety
* Trucking industry

Society|

| Culture|

* Americana
* Architecture
* Cinema
* Crime
* Cuisine
* Dance
* Demographics
* Economic issues
* affluence
* eviction
* homeownership
* household income
* income inequality
* middle class
* personal income
* poverty
* standard of living
* wealth
* working class
* Education
* attainment
* literacy
* Family
* Fashion
* Flag
* list
* Folklore
* Holidays
* Federal holidays
* Homelessness
* Housing
* Human rights
* Languages
* American English
* Indigenous languages
* ASL
* Literature
* Media
* journalism
* internet
* newspapers
* radio
* television
* Music
* Names
* National anthem
* National symbols
* Columbia
* Mount Rushmore
* Statue of Liberty
* Uncle Sam
* People
* Philosophy
* Political ideologies
* Race
* Religion
* Sexuality
* Social class
* Society
* Sports
* Theater
* Transportation
* Video games
* Visual art

|

Social class|

* Affluence
* American Dream
* Educational attainment
* Homelessness
* Homeownership
* Household income
* Income inequality
* Middle class
* Personal income
* Poverty
* Standard of living

Health|

* Aging
* Healthcare
* Abortion
* Birth control
* Prenatal care
* Hospice care
* Immigrant health care
* Rationing
* Health care finance
* Health insurance costs
* Health care prices
* Prescription drug prices
* Disability
* Health insurance
* Food safety
* Physician shortage
* Poverty and health
* Race and health
* Obesity
* Medical deserts
* Women's reproductive health
* Life expectancy

Issues|

* Capital punishment
* Crime
* incarceration
* Criticism of government
* Discrimination
* affirmative action
* antisemitism
* intersex rights
* Islamophobia
* LGBT rights
* racism
* Native American
* African American
* Energy policy
* Environmental issues
* Environmental movement
* Climate change
* Gun politics
* Mass shootings
* Hunger
* Smoking
* Human rights
* Immigration
* illegal
* National security
* Terrorism
* Opioid epidemic
* Separation of church and state
* Xenophobia

* Outline
* Index

* Category
* Portal

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* United States
* Israel

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