Miguna Miguna

Canada-based Kenyan attorney and politician

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Miguna Miguna

Senior Adviser to the Prime Minister on Coalition Affairs and Constitutional Affairs
In office
6 July 2009 – 4 August 2011
Prime Minister| Raila Amolo Odinga
Personal details
Born|

Miguna

1962
Magina, Kenya
Political party| ODM (2007–2011) NRM-Ke(2017)
Alma mater| University of Toronto (BA)
Osgoode, York Uni. (JD), (LL.M)
Notable work(s)| Peeling Back The Mask
Kidneys for the King
Treason: The Case Against Tyrants & Renegades

Miguna Miguna is an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya. He practices law as an attorney, a barrister and solicitor in Toronto, Canada. Miguna served as a senior adviser to former Kenyan Prime Minister Raila Amollo Odinga from 2009 to 2011.[1][2]

## Early life and career

[edit]

Miguna was born in Magina, Kenya.[citation needed] He attended Apondos Primary School in Magina Village-Nyando before proceeding to the prestigious Njiiri School in Murang'a for his high school and then the University of Nairobi, where he became a student leader in 1986 and 1987.[3][4] He was detained by the Moi regime and expelled from the university in 1987 for championing multi-party democracy in Kenya.[3][4] Upon his release, he fled to the neighbouring Tanzania on foot where he was granted asylum by the UNHCR, staying there briefly before being granted asylum in the Kingdom of Swaziland. Subsequently, he was granted permanent political asylum in Canada in 1988,[3] where he continued to pursue his higher education. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts in political science and philosophy from the University of Toronto in 1990 and thereafter studied law at Osgoode Hall Law School of York University in Toronto, obtaining a Juris Doctor degree in 1993.[3] He was admitted to the Ontario Bar in 1995. He obtained a Masters of Laws (LLM) from the Osgoode Hall Law School of York University in 2001.

Miguna served as the Coordinator for the Committee for Democracy in Kenya (CDK) from 1988 to 1994.[4]

He articled at the civil rights law firm of Charles Roach (Roach, Schwartz and Associates) in Toronto setting up his law practice where he stayed until 2007 when he returned to Kenya.[5] He was admitted to the Kenyan Bar in 2008.[6][5]

## Political career

[edit]

Upon his return to Kenya, he contested in the primaries of the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM)'s nomination for Nyando Constituency, but lost to Frederick Outa Otieno.[7] He was part of the ODM's campaign team during the 2007 general election. In March 2009, he was appointed as Prime Minister Raila Odinga's senior adviser on coalition affairs[5] and concurrently served alongside Kivutha Kibwana as the Joint-secretary to the Permanent Committee on the Management of the Grand Coalition Affairs. In August 2011, he was accused of gross misconduct and was thereby suspended without pay.[8] The suspension was lifted on 29 December 2011 but Miguna rejected his reinstatement.[9][10]

In 2010, some members from the Party of National Unity side of the coalition accused him of being a foreigner for holding a Canadian passport, as Kenyan law didn't recognise dual citizenship at the time he acquired Canadian citizenship, although the Kenyan constitution was changed in 2010 to allow for it.[11][12] They wrote, "While Mr. Miguna Miguna was born in Kenya, he has since become a citizen of Canada. Like all other expatriates working in the country, our laws require that Mr Miguna apply for and obtain the relevant permits to live and work in Kenya."[13] Miguna responded that he was a Kenyan citizen by birth and that he had never renounced his citizenship.[13] However, he did acquire Canadian citizenship at some point while in exile.[3][14][15] Miguna justified his actions by saying at the time, "When fleeing a dictatorial regime, one uses any means and even Mr. Odinga once used a Tanzanian passport."[12][13]

River Nyando

On 14 July 2012, he launched his first memoir titled Peeling Back the Mask: A Quest for Justice in Kenya.[16][17] The book was very critical of Raila Odinga and purported to expose him as a charlatan. It sparked protests from Odinga's supporters in Ahero who burned Miguna's effigy and mock coffin and thereafter sprinkled its ashes into River Nyando.[18] He was attacked whilst promoting his book at a hotel in Mombasa and had to be rescued by the police.[19][20]

In September 2012, he terminated his life membership from ODM and announced his candidacy for Governor of Nairobi County in the 2013 gubernatorial election as an independent candidate.[21] He later on cancelled his candidacy.[22] He launched a sequel to his memoir in February 2013 titled Kidneys for the King: Deforming the Status Quo in Kenya.[23][24] Odinga, on his part, has declined to answer to the claims made in Miguna's books and did not sue Miguna for defamation, although since Odinga has been widely viewed in Kenya as a leading proponent of political reforms, his image could be badly sullied if the claims made in Miguna's book were accepted as true.

In an act of rejection of his former political boss, Miguna endorsed Uhuru Kenyatta, Odinga's rival, in the 2013 presidential election. Kenyatta went on to win the poll, albeit amid accusations made by Odinga that the election was marred by poll fraud.[25]

In March 2016, Miguna declared that he would be vying for the position of Governor for Nairobi as an independent candidate. He unveiled a manifesto in August 2016. The manifesto promised visionary leadership based on integrity, clear and progressive transformative policies, programs and a commitment for service delivery, job creation and infrastructure development. Although he came in fourth in the 2017 Nairobi gubernatorial elections held on 8 August 2017, Miguna refused to concede defeat.[26][27]

In the August 2017 presidential election, Odinga and his supporters alleged that Kenyatta's election victory was a fraud.[14][12] The Supreme Court of Kenya nullified the declaration of Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto as validly elected president and Deputy President, respectively.[28][29] The Supreme Court also held that the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) had committed numerous illegalities and irregularities and failed to conduct the 8 August 2017 presidential election in strict adherence to the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 and other applicable statues. The Court ordered the election repeated within sixty days.[30] But it also ordered the IEBC to open its servers and KIEMS kits for a forensic audit before the repeat election.

High Court of Kenya ruled that the election was not procedurally valid, and another election was held in October. Mr. Odinga boycotted that election, saying it would not be conducted fairly and credibly.

Kenyatta was declared the winner with 98% of the vote, although the election was marred by irregularities, and people in some areas were not allowed to vote.[31][32]

In a dramatic reversal of stance, Miguna became one of Odinga's most outspoken advocates after the 2017 presidential election; he also emerged to become one of the sternest critics of the Kenyatta administration, accusing it of despotism and rigging itself into power.

Miguna is the leader of the National Resistance Movement, an opposition group for civil disobedience activities that supported Odinga.[12] On 30 January 2018, the Kenyan government declared the National Resistance Movement to be an organised crime group.[12]

On 30 January 2018, in a mock swearing in ceremony, Miguna administered an oath of office to Raila Odinga, where Odinga proclaimed himself "the people's president".[14][12] The government reacted by shutting down all television and radio broadcasts and arresting Miguna and another lawyer (T J Kajwang') who had witnessed the ceremony (but did not arrest Odinga, since that would further inflame his supporters).[12][15] Miguna was taken to court and charged with "being present and consenting to the administration of an oath to commit a capital offence, namely treason".[12] The High Court ordered that Miguna be released on bail and that television broadcasts be permitted, but the government disobeyed the orders.[12][15] Chief justice David Maraga criticised the actions of the officials, saying: "Disobeying court orders is inimical to the rule of law."[15] Miguna's Kenyan passport was seized and he was forced out of the country.[14] Interior Cabinet Secretary Fred Matiang'i said that the reason his passport had been seized is that it had been issued irregularly and fraudulently.[33] Government officials said that Miguna did not disclose his Canadian citizenship when he applied for a Kenyan passport in 2009, so his application was not valid.[12] Miguna countered that "The constitution is crystal clear: no one can invalidate or purport to cancel the citizenship of a Kenyan born citizen."[12] The government also declared the National Resistance Movement to be organised crime group.[12]

On 26 March 2018, Miguna tried to return to Kenya. He arrived at the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi on a flight from Dubai, and when he demanded to be granted entry pursuant to multiple valid court orders, agents of the Uhuru Kenyatta regime refused to allow him into the country, insisting that he should enter as a "tourist" or "visitor," which he refused to do. Miguna argued, rightly, that if he entered as a visitor or tourist, he would have surrendered his rights and the regime could arrest him when he participated in political activities. He also argued that because the courts had ruled his removal illegal and ordered the state to facilitate his return and return unconditionally, the conditions being demanded were further contempt of court order.[34] On the day he arrived, state security agents physically assaulted him, tore his clothes and tried to force him into a KLM flight to Amsterdam that was preparing to depart, but he loudly resisted. The heavily armed security agents tore Miguna's clothes and detained him at the airport despite further orders directing his unconditional release. Video footage of the incident was circulated widely on the internet.[15] He was detained at the airport incommunicado for 2–3 days, tortured,[clarification needed] and was forcibly returned to Dubai.[34][11] He had smuggled his Canadian passport out of the airport in order to thwart his second illegal and forceful removal[33][35] and presented only his Kenyan national ID card when requesting entry to the country, which was refused as an improper document for use when entering the country from Dubai. He did not have a Kenyan passport because it had been seized by government officials when he was expelled from the country the previous month. He said his refusal to provide the Canadian document was "because I arrived in Kenya on March 26 as a Kenyan born citizen".[35] One of his attorneys said in an affidavit that Miguna's Canadian passport had been seized by Kenyan officials, but Miguna and the Kenyan authorities both later contradicted that statement, and once Miguna was returned to Dubai he was able to proceed to Canada from there – presumably by producing the Canadian passport.[33] During his incommunicado detention, several court order were issued directing the Kenyan authorities to release him, not to remove him from the jurisdiction of the court and when the government officials refused, The Honourable Justice George Odinga of the High Court in Nairobi convicted the Minister for Interior, Fred Matiang'i, the Principal Secretary for Immigration, Gordon Kihalangwa, the Director General of Police, Boinett and the head of the CID, George Kinoti for contempt of court and fined them. In defiance of court orders, the Kenyan authorities had insisted that Miguna must complete forms to "regularise" his Kenyan citizenship, but he refused to fill out the forms and tore them up, saying that he was a citizen by birth who never lost and could not lose his citizenship and should not need to apply for restoration of his citizenship.

On 28 March 2018, Human Rights Watch issued a statement calling for Miguna's release. Otsieno Namwaya of Human Rights watch said "Kenyan authorities should urgently obey the numerous court orders to either release or produce Miguna in court. Holding him at the airport without any form of judicial review, in violation of court orders, is a blatant example of arbitrary detention."[36]

On 28 March, just hours before Miguna was forcefully removed from the country by the despotic regime of Uhuru Kenyatta in violation of his constitutional and birth rights, High Court judge George Odunga declared the interior minister, the national police chief, and the head of immigration to be in contempt of court for their actions in defying a court order to release Miguna, and fined them US$2000 (UK£1,400) each.[15]

Miguna said that he had been physically assaulted, tortured and forcibly drugged with an intravenous sedative before being put on the plane back to Dubai, and was unconscious on the journey.[33][15] He released a photograph of an injury to his hand that he said had been inflicted by the injection of the sedative. A number of journalists covering the story said they had been assaulted by government officials.[15][37] In a Facebook post, Miguna said "I was dragged, assaulted, drugged and forcefully flown to Dubai" and "I'm sick. My ribs and body is hurting all over. This is a travesty of justice."[15]

On 29 March, Irungu Houghton, the executive director of Amnesty International for Kenya, released a statement calling for authorities to allow Miguna to enter the country to participate in judicial proceedings, saying "The way Miguna was treated showed blatant disregard for his human rights, after the High Court ordered that he be allowed to re-enter the country. The Kenyan government must also respect and protect the right to freedom of expression and allow journalists to freely report on the case without harassment, intimidation or attacks."[38] Amnesty said "The continuous disregard for court orders and attacks on the media is steadily eroding the rule of law and weakening human rights safeguards in the country," and requested to "also launch a thorough, independent and impartial investigation into the unlawful use of force by the police to prevent journalists from doing their job".[38] On 12 April 2018, former Kenyan Chief Justice Dr Willy Mutunga is reported to have called Miguna's treatment inhumane and unconstitutional in an interview with John Githongo, He is quoted as stating that "It is nauseating. It is very painful."[39]

On 14 December 2018, the High court of Kenya released a landmark judgment in which it strongly indicted the state for having grossly violated Miguna's constitutional and fundamental rights such as his right to citizenship by birth which it ruled he did not lose and the state could not terminate. The Court also held that Miguna was a citizen entitled to a Kenyan Passport and ordered the State to issue him with a new and valid passport. The Court held that the destruction of Miguna's house, his arrest, incommunicado detention and forceful removal from Kenya were illegal and inhumane; that they constituted physical, emotional and psychological torture. Justice Enoch Chacha Mwita awarded Dr Miguna Miguna Sh7 million as damages for the violation of his rights during his rights and Kshs. 270,000 as special damages for the destruction of his house in Runda by the state. The court ordered the state officers who had been sued to pay the damages personally.[40]

In December 2019, Miguna Miguna made public his intention to return to Kenya through his Twitter account in what would be his third attempt. Citing protection from a court order issued in December 2018 to allow his return, he stated that his flight would land in Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta International Airport on the morning of 11 January 2020.[41] However, his return aborted when both Lufthansa and Air France airlines denied him admission to their flights citing red alerts that had been issued by the Kenyan government over his intended trip[42][43]

On 6 January 2020, Kenyan high court Judge Justice Weldon Korir ordered the government to facilitate the entry of Dr Miguna back to the country, and that the registrar should release Miguna's Kenyan passport which was currently under custody.[44][45]

> An order be and is hereby issued, that pending and following the inter-parties hearing of the Application, compelling the Respondents to facilitate entry of the Petitioner into Kenya on January 7, 2020 or any other date appointed by the Petitioner on the basis of his identification through the use of his National Identity Card, or his Kenya Passport in the form and state it was delivered by the Respondents to the High Court Registry pursuant to this Court's Order

> — Justice Weldon Korir.

Kenyan Justice John Mativo summoned the Kenyan Attorney General Mr Paul Kihara Kariuki to appear in court on 13 January 2020, to explain why orders allowing lawyer Miguna Miguna's return to Kenya had not been obeyed.[46] The Attorney General did not appear in court and instead sent a team of lawyers to appear in court on his behalf, prompting protest from Miguna Miguna's lawyers, who said that the state was treating the matter casually.[47][48][49]

## Works

[edit]

* Disgraceful Osgoode and Other Essays. Toronto: Av Publications. 1994. ISBN 0969822812.
* Songs of Fire. Toronto: Av Publications. 1994. OCLC 31781822.
* Afrika's Volcanic Song. Toronto: Av Publications. 1995. ISBN 0969822820.
* Toes Have Tales. Toronto: Av Publications. 1995. ISBN 0969822839.
* Peeling Back the Mask: A Quest for Justice in Kenya. London: Gilgamesh Africa. 2012. ISBN 9781908531216.
* Kidneys for the King: Deforming the Status Quo in Kenya. Ontario: Integrity Books. 2013. ISBN 9780991796205.
* Treason: The Case Against Tyrants & Renegades. Ontario: Integrity Books. 2019. ISBN 9780991796229.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ McKiernan, Michael (25 July 2012). "Miguna causing stir in native Kenya". canadianlawyermag.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
2. ^ Murua, James (16 July 2012). "Miguna Miguna peels back the mask". The Star (Kenya). Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
3. ^ a b c d e "Miguna Miguna: Who's this man with twin names?". Daily Nation. 7 February 2018. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
4. ^ a b c Ngina, Fay (8 February 2018). "Seven interesting things you did not know about Miguna Miguna". URreport—Citizen Journalism. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
5. ^ a b c Gray, Jeff (27 July 2012). "Ex-Toronto lawyer takes on Kenya's PM". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
6. ^ "Miguna's book on Raila to be launched in Kenya". The Standard. 28 June 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
7. ^ Bonnie, Jim (25 February 2014). "What Miguna Miguna won't tell you in his War on Raila". Kenya Today. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
8. ^ Namunane, Bernard (4 August 2011). "Raila kicks out key aide". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
9. ^ "Miguna back as PM Odinga's advisor". Daily Nation. 28 December 2011. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
10. ^ Leftie, Peter (31 December 2011). "Miguna declines job recall". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
11. ^ a b Wanjohi, John (27 March 2018). "More Drama at JKIA as Miguna Miguna Tears Papers Meant to 'Regularize' His Citizenship". Mwakilishi. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Kenya deports Miguna Miguna over Odinga 'swearing-in'". BBC News. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
13. ^ a b c "Raila adviser denies being a foreigner". Daily Nation. 11 January 2010. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
14. ^ a b c d "Kenyan Opposition Politician Deported Again". VOA News. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
15. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Miguna Miguna: Kenya opposition figure deported again". BBC News. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
16. ^ Oloo, Onyango (13 July 2012). "Book Review: Peeling Back the Mask: A Quest for Justice". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
17. ^ Mwangi, Paul (26 July 2012). "Raila says he will not sue Miguna over book". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
18. ^ Anyuor, Nicholas (18 July 2012). "Villagers burn Miguna's effigy". The Standard. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
19. ^ "Miguna Roughed Up in Mombasa". Citizen TV. 25 August 2012. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
20. ^ "Mombasa Youth Attack Miguna Miguna". Citizen TV. 25 August 2012. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
21. ^ Miguna, Miguna (21 September 2012). "Miguna's 10-point promise as Nairobi Governor". Capital FM. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
22. ^ Sige, Julius (16 February 2013). "Miguna launches new book on Saturday Governor". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
23. ^ Ndonga, Wambui (16 February 2013). "Miguna unveils new book with more attacks on Raila". Capital FM. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
24. ^ "Miguna does it again with 'Kidneys for the King'". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
25. ^ Wekesa, Chrispinus (18 February 2013). "Miguna endorses Uhuru at book launch, predicts defeat for Raila". The Star (Kenya). Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
26. ^ Muchiri, Marikio (10 August 2017). "Miguna Miguna Refuses to Concede Defeat After Losing Gubernatorial Race". Kenyans.co.ke. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
27. ^ "IEBC publishes governor, senator election results". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 24 July 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
28. ^ de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (1 September 2017). "Kenya Supreme Court Nullifies Presidential Election". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
29. ^ Smith-Spark, Laura; Sevenzo, Farai (2 September 2017). "Kenya Supreme Court nullifies presidential election, orders new vote". CNN. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
30. ^ "Uhuru's re-election nullified". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
31. ^ "Uhuru Kenyatta Is Declared Winner of Kenya's Repeat Election". The New York Times. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
32. ^ "Kenya election: Kenyatta re-elected in disputed poll". BBC News. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
33. ^ a b c d Ngirachu, John (3 April 2018). "Biased judges soiling Judiciary, says CS Matiang'i". Daily Nation. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
34. ^ a b Wanjala, Emmanuel (3 April 2018). "Miguna was never in police custody, was not deported – Matiang'i". The Star. Archived from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
35. ^ a b Lang'at, Patrick; Ngirachu, John (3 April 2018). "Kenya: Queries Abound on Miguna Miguna's Canadian Passport". Daily Nation. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
36. ^ "Kenya: Stop Arbitrary Detention of Lawyer at Airport". Human Rights Watch. 28 March 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
37. ^ "Miguna Standoff: TV Reporter Injured as Police Drive People out of JKIA". KTN News. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
38. ^ a b Houghton, Urungu (29 March 2018). "Allow Miguna Miguna back into Kenya to attend judicial proceedings". Amnesty International. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
39. ^ Lang'at, Patrick (12 April 2018). "Mutunga: Miguna ejection nauseating". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
40. ^ "Constitutional Petition 51 of 2018 - Kenya Law". kenyalaw.org. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
41. ^ "Miguna Miguna: Lawyer announces he's returning to Kenya". The Star. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
42. ^ "Miguna Miguna: I'm fine". Nairobi News. 10 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
43. ^ "Kenyan political exile Miguna Miguna denied the right to return". The Africa Report.com. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
44. ^ Ogila, Japeth. "Immigration Department to facilitate entry of Miguna Miguna". The Standard. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
45. ^ Walter, Dzuya (6 January 2020). "Court orders Gov't to allow Miguna Miguna entry into Kenya tomorrow". Citizen Digital. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
46. ^ Njung’e, Faith Karanja and George. "AG summoned over state's disobedience on Miguna order". The Standard. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
47. ^ Njeru, Betty. "Miguna's case: AG to appear in court". The Standard. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
48. ^ "Court summons AG Kariuki over disobedience of orders on Miguna's return". Capital News. 10 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
49. ^ Miguna woes: Court summons AG - VIDEO, archived from the original on 16 January 2020, retrieved 19 January 2020

## External links

[edit]

Miguna Miguna at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Media from Commons
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Data from Wikidata

* Miguna's Column on the Star
* Newsmakers: Miguna Miguna on YouTube
* Miguna Raila Ohangla – on the XYZ Show on YouTube

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* United States
* Netherlands