Military order (religious society)

One of a variety of Christian societies of knights

Indications of presence of military orders associated with the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Holy Land during the Crusades (in German). Reconquista of the main towns (per year) (in Spanish). Extent of the Teutonic Order in 1410.

A military order (Latin: militaris ordo) is a Christian religious society of knights. The original military orders were the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, the Order of Saint James, the Order of Calatrava, and the Teutonic Knights. They arose in the Middle Ages in association with the Crusades, in the Holy Land, the Baltics, and the Iberian peninsula; their members being dedicated to the protection of pilgrims and Christians, as well as the defence of the Crusader states. They are the predecessors of chivalric orders.

Most members of military orders were laymen who took religious vows, such as of poverty, chastity, and obedience, according to monastic ideals. The orders owned houses called commanderies all across Europe and had a hierarchical structure of leadership with the grand master at the top.

The Knights Templar, the largest and most influential of the military orders, was suppressed in the early fourteenth century; only a handful of orders were established and recognized afterwards. However, some persisted longer in their original functions, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and the Order of Saint John, the respective Catholic and Protestant successors of the Knights Hospitaller,[1] alongside the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, which remains active under the Pope's sovereignty. Those military orders that survive today have evolved into purely honorific or ceremonial orders or else into charitable foundations.

## History

[edit]

The Hospitallers in the 13th century

In 1053, for the Battle of Civitate, the Knights of Saint Peter (Milites Sancti Petri) was founded as a militia by Pope Leo IX to counter the Normans.[2]

In response to the Islamic conquests of the former Byzantine Empire, numerous Catholic military orders were set up following the First Crusade. The founding of such orders suited the Catholic church's plan of channeling the devotion of the European nobility toward achieving the Church's temporal goals, and it also complemented the Peace and Truce of God.[3] The foundation of the Knights Templar in 1118 provided the first in a series of tightly organized military forces for the purpose of opposing Islamic conquests in the Holy Land and in the Iberian Peninsula — see the Reconquista — as well as Islamic invaders and pagan tribes in Eastern Europe which were perceived as threats to the Church's supremacy.

The first secularized military order was the Order of Saint George, founded in 1326 by King Charles I of Hungary, through which he made all the Hungarian nobility swear loyalty to him. Shortly thereafter, the Order of the "Knights of the Band" was founded in 1332 by King Alfonso XI of Castile. Both orders existed only for about a century.[4]

## Purpose

[edit]

The original features of the military orders were the combination of religious and military ways of life. Some of them, like the Knights Hospitaller, the Knights of Saint Thomas, and the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus also had charitable purposes and cared for the sick and poor. However, they were not purely male institutions, as nuns could attach themselves as convents of the orders. One significant feature of the military orders was that clerical brothers could be subordinate to non-ordained brethren.

In 1818, orientalist Joseph von Hammer compared the Catholic military orders, in particular the Knights Templar, to certain Islamic models such as the Muslim sect of Assassins. In 1820, José Antonio Conde suggested they were modeled on the ribat, a fortified religious institution which brought together a religious or hospital way of life with fighting the enemies of Islam. However popular such views may have become, others have criticized this view, suggesting there were no such ribats around Outremer until after the military orders had been founded.

The role and function of the military orders extended beyond their military exploits in the Holy Land, Prussia, and the Baltics. In fact, they had extensive holdings and staff throughout Western Europe. The majority were laymen. They provided a conduit for cultural and technical innovation, such as the introduction of fulling into England by the Knights Hospitaller, and the banking facilities of the Knights Templar.

### Northern crusades

[edit]

Main article: Northern crusades

Map of the branches of the Teutonic Order in Europe around 1300. Shaded area is sovereign territory, Grand Master HQ in Venice is highlighted

In 1147 Bernard of Clairvaux persuaded Pope Eugenius III that the Germans' and Danes' conflict with the pagan Wends was a holy war analogous to the Reconquista; he urged a crusade until all heathens were baptised or killed. The new crusaders' motivation was primarily economic: the acquisition of new arable lands and serfs; the control of Baltic trade routes; and the abolishment of the Novgorodian merchants' monopoly of the fur trade.[5] From the early 13th century the military orders provided garrisons in Old Livonia and defended the German commercial centre, Riga. The Livonian Brothers of the Sword and the Order of Dobrzyń were established by local bishops. The Sword Brothers were notorious for cruelty to "pagans" and converts alike. The Teutonic Knights were founded during the 1190s in Palestine, but their strong links to Germany diverted efforts from the Holy Land to the Baltic. Between 1229 and 1290, the Teutonic Knights absorbed both the Brothers of the Sword and the Order of Dobrzyń, subjugated most of the Baltic tribes and established a ruthless and exploitative monastic state.[6][7] The Knights invited foreign nobility to join their regular Reisen, or raids, against the last unconquered Baltic people, the Lithuanians. These were fashionable events of chivalric entertainment among young aristocrats. Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, converted to Catholicism and married Queen Jadwiga of Poland resulting in a united Polish–Lithuanian army routing the Knights at Tannenberg in 1410. The Knights' state survived, from 1466 under Polish suzerainty. Prussia was transformed into a secular duchy in 1525, and Livonia in 1562.[8]

## List of military orders

[edit]

These are military orders listed chronologically according to their dates of foundation and extinction, sometimes approximate due to scarce sources, and/or repeated suppressions by Papal or royal authorities. Presently active institutions are listed in consideration with their legitimacy according to the International Commission on Orders of Chivalry.

They are divided into international and national according to their adherence, mission, and enrollment, disregarding the extent of eventual gradual geographical distribution outside of their region of concern.

### International

[edit]

Symbol  | Name  | Founded  | Founder  | Origin  | Recognition  | Protection  | Extinction  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Knights Hospitaller
(Sovereign Military Order of Malta and the Order of Saint John)  | c. 1099 | Gerard Thom | Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem | 1113 by Pope Paschal II | Grand Master (1113-),
Prince (1607-),
Cardinal (1630-)  |  | One of the oldest institutions of Western and Christian civilisation, founded in Jerusalem in the 11th century, with a long history of service to the vulnerable and the sick. Since 1834 the Order of Malta's government seat has been in Rome, where it is guaranteed extraterritorial rights. A lay religious order of the Catholic Church since 1113 and a subject of international law, the Sovereign Order of Malta has diplomatic relations with over 100 states and the European Union, and permanent observer status at the United Nations. Recognizes a Protestant successor, the Order of Saint John. There are only five legitimate and mutually recognized Orders of St. John that continue to carry on the historic work of the Knights Hospitaller. These are the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (The Order of Malta), Die Balley Brandenburg des Ritterlichen Ordens Sankt Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem, commonly known as the Johanniter Orden (Germany), Johanniter Orde in Nederland (Netherland), Johanniterorden I Sverige (Sweden), and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (Order of St. John, sometimes referred to as the Most Venerable Order). In 1961, an alliance was formed between the Most Venerable Order, the Johanniter ORden, Johanniter Orde in Nederland, and Johanniterorden I Sverige; these four orders compromise the Alliance of the Orders of St. John.
| Order of the Holy Sepulchre
(Militi Sancti Sepulcri)  | c. 1099 | Godfrey of Bouillon | Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem | 1103 by Baldwin I of Jerusalem
1113 by Pope Paschal II | Kingdom of Jerusalem to 1291,
Custos of the Holy Land: 1230–1489,
Pope: 1489-  |  | Originally an "association" of knights who guarded the Church of the Holy Sepulchre under the jurisdiction of the kings of Jerusalem. In 1113, they became consubstantial with the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre after their recognition by Pope Paschal II, as a military branch, Militi Sancti Sepulcri; after 1291, the Knighthood was awarded to prominent pilgrims by the Custos of the Holy Land.[9] Reorganised as Sacred and Military Order of the Holy Sepulchre in 1496 by Pope Alexander VI. Reorganised by Pope Pius IX with the residential restoration of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem in 1847.[10] Known as the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem since 1931.
| Knights Templar
(Supreme Order of Christ)
(Order Of Christ)  | c. 1118 – c. 1312 | Bernard of Clairvaux,
Hugues de Payens | Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem | 1129 by Pope Honorius II
until 1312 by Pope Clement V | Pope: 1129–1312  | 1312  | The Knights Templar order was reconstituted in Portugal after the Templars were abolished on 22 March 1312 by the papal bull, Vox in excelso, issued by Pope Clement V.[11][12] King Dinis I of Portugal created the Order of Christ (Portugal) in 1317 for those knights who survived their trials throughout Europe and was officially founded in 1319,[13][14][15] The property of the Templars was transferred to the Knights Hospitaller except in the Kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, and Portugal. In effect, causing the dissolution of the Templars by the rival order.[16][17]

Thus when being recognized, the Pope allowing only the "Order Of Christ" a Portuguese order and its Papal branch Supreme Order of Christ can claim to have any descent from the Templars, which is now used for Honorary State merits in Portugal and preserved as such.[16][18][19]

| Order of Saint Lazarus
(Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus)  | c. 1118 – c. 1608 |  | Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem | 1255 by Pope Alexander IV
until 1489 by Pope Innocent VIII | King Fulk of Jerusalem: 1142
Pope: c. 1255-1572
House of Savoy: 1572-
House of France: 1609–1830.  | 1489,
1572,
1609,
1830
(1856)  | Italian branch merged 1572 with the Order of Saint Maurice to form the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus under the Royal House of Savoy, still extant.

In 1609, King Henry IV of France linked it in France administratively to the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel to form the Royal Military and Hospitaller Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem united, which remained listed as of royal protection in the French Royal Almanac until 1830.[20]

| Teutonic Knights | c. 1192 |  | Acre,
Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem |  |  |  | The main stem of the Teutonic Knights converted into a purely Catholic religious order in 1929.
The Bailiwick of Utrecht of the Teutonic Order separated from the Roman Catholic mainstem during the time of the Reformation and continues as a Protestant chivalric order.[21]

### National

[edit]

Symbol  | Name  | Founded  | Founder  | Origin  | Recognition  | Protection  | Extinction  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Order of Saint James of Altopascio | 1075
(1084)  | Matilda of Tuscany | Altopascio, Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire | 1239–1459,
but mentioned in a Papal bull 1198 of Pope Innocent III | Properties of the hospice of "Altopassus" in Italy confirmed in 1244 by Emperor Frederick II | 1459,
1587,
1672  | Primarily provided safety and protection to Italian pilgrims to the Holy Land and Camino de Santiago. Merged with the Order of Saint Stephen in 1587 by Pope Sixtus V at request of Grand Duke of Tuscany. In France absorbed into the Order of Saint Lazarus in 1672.
| Order of Aviz | 1146
(1128)  |  | Avis, Portugal |  | Received a grant in 1129 by Theresa, Countess of Portugal
House of Aviz: 1385–1580  | 1789  | Secularised 1789. Statutes revised repeatedly together with the other Portuguese orders of merit, during the First Republic (1910–1926), then in 1962, and again in 1986.
| Order of Saint Michael of the Wing | 1147
(1171)
(1828/
1848/
1986)  | King Afonso I of Portugal | Santarém, Portugal | First statutes approved in 1171 by Pope Alexander III | House of Braganza: 2001-  | 1732  | Abandoned by 1732,[22] restored[23] by King Miguel I in 1828[24] during his brief rule before losing the Liberal Wars to his brother King Pedro IV,[25] revived 1848[23]/1986 [26]
| Order of Calatrava | 1158  | Raymond of Fitero | Calatrava la Vieja, Kingdom of Castile, Spain | 1164 by Pope Alexander III | House of Bourbon | 1838 by secularisation  | King Charles III of Spain requested old orders to contribute to his new order in his name (1775), which led to dissolution. Confiscated by King Joseph (1808), re-established by Ferdinand VII at the Restoration (1814). Secularised in 1838.
| Order of the Holy Ghost | 1161  | Guy de Montpellier | Provence, France | ca. 1161–June 16, 1216 by Pope Innocent III in Santo Spirito in Sassia, Rome |  | 1692/
1700/
20th century  | Historically both religious and chivalric. In 1692 in France, King Louis XIV merged it with his own Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. The remaining organisation was edicted in 1700 as purely religious order.[27] Offshoots of the order in France survived into the 20th century.
| Order of Aubrac | 1162  |  | Aubrac, France |  |  | 18th century  | Disappeared during the French Revolution in late in the 18th century.
| Order of Santiago | 1170  |  | León or Uclés in Castile, Spain | By Papal bull 5 July 1175 by Pope Alexander III | House of Bourbon |  |
| Order of Alcántara | 1177  |  | Alcántara, Extremadura, Spain |  |  |  |
| Order of Mountjoy | 1180  |  | Holy Land |  |  | 1221  | Merged into the Order of Calatrava.
| Order of Truxillo | before 1188  |  | Trujillo, Cáceres |  |  | 1195  |
| Hospitallers of Saint Thomas of Canterbury at Acre | 1191  | William, Chaplain to the Dean | Acre, and

England

|  |  | 1538  |
| Order of Monfragüe | 1196  |  |  |  |  | 1221  | Merged into the Order of Calatrava.
| Order of Sant Jordi d'Alfama | 1201  |  |  |  |  | 15th century  | Early 15th century, merged into the Order of Montesa.
| Livonian Brothers of the Sword | 1202  |  |  |  |  | 1236  | Merged into the Teutonic Order as the Order of Livonia, disbanded 1561.
| Order of Dobrzyń | 1216  |  | Dobrzyń Land, Poland |  |  | 1240  | Small number, maximum 35 knights. Battled by the Prussians, around 1235 most knights joined the Teutonic Order. In 1237 the rest of the brothers reinforced Drohiczyn by order of Konrad. Last mentioned when Drohiczyn was captured by Prince Daniel of Kiev in 1240.
| Militia of the Faith of Jesus Christ | 1221  |  |  |  |  | 1285  | Note: Symbol that of the Dominican Order. Merged into the Third Order of Saint Dominic.
| Military Order of Monreal [es] | 1231  | King Alfonso the Battler | Monreal del Campo, Aragon |  |  | 1143
1150  |
| Order of the Faith and Peace | 1231  |  |  |  |  | 1273  |
| Knights of the Cross with the Red Star | 1233  | Agnes of Bohemia | Bohemia | 1237 by Pope Gregory IX
Confirmed 1292 by ambassador of Pope Nicholas IV |  |  | Mainly hospitals, in Bohemia still existing.
| Militia of Jesus Christ | 1233  | Bartolomeo da Vicenza | Parma | 22 December 1234 by Pope Gregory IX.  |  | 1250s  | Disappeared mid-13th century.
| Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary | 1261  | Loderingo degli Andalò, Catalano dei Malavolti, Ugolino Lambertini  | Bologna | 23 December 1261 by Pope Urban IV |  | 1556  |
| Order of Saint Mary of Spain | 1270  |  |  |  |  | 1280  | Merged into the Order of Santiago.
| Order of Montesa | 1317  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Order of the Knights of Our Lord Jesus Christ
(Knights Templar)  | 1317
1917  |  | Portugal |  |  | 1789
1910  | Secularized 1789.
| Order of the Dragon | 1408  | Sigismund of Luxemburg | Hungary |  |  | 1475s  | Active throughout the 15th century in the Balkans[28]
| Order of Saint Maurice | 1434  | Amedeo VIII of Savoy | Château de Ripaille, Thonon-les-Bains, Savoy |  |  | 1572  | Merged with the Order of Saint Lazarus in Italy in 1572 by Pope Gregory XIII into Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, considered the legitimate successor of both by the ICOC.
| Order of the Tower and Sword | 1459  | King Afonso V of Portugal | Portugal |  |  |  | Revived 1808 by Prince Regent John, later John VI of Portugal. Since the end of the monarchy in 1910, all military orders abolished except the Order of the Tower and Sword, with President of Portugal ex officio its Grand Master.
| Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem | 1459  | Pope Pius II | Lemnos, Byzantine Empire | 18 January 1459 by Pope Pius II |  | 1460  | Founded in 1453 by Pope Pius II after the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire, to defend the island of Lemnos, soon recaptured by the Turks, thus rendered useless and suppressed almost as soon as founded.[29][30]
| Order of Saint George of Carinthia | 1469  | Emperor Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor |  | In 1469 by Pope Paul II |  | Abolished 26 July 1598
(1732?)  |
| Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George | 1522–1545
(1520?)(1550?)  | Angeli Comneni family  |  | Addressed in 1550 by Pope Julius III
Cardinal protector in 1910 by Pope Pius X | Decrees by King Philip III of Spain, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor on 7 November 1630  |  | Appears to have been established between 1520 and 1545, with certain statutes dated 1522 by the Angeli Comneni family. Its Grand Master Andrea Angelo Flavio Comneno was addressed first in 1550 by Papal bull Quod Aliasla by Pope Julius III.
| Order of Saint Stephen Pope and Martyr | 15 March 1561  | Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany | Tuscany | 1 October 1561 by Pope Pius IV |  |  | Founded as Benedictine order by Cosimo I de' Medici,.[31][32] dedicated to the martyred Pope Stephen I and the victories at the Battle of Montemurlo in 1537 and the Battle of Marciano (Scannagallo) in 1554. Fought the Ottoman Turks and pirates in the Mediterranean Sea. Abolished in 1859 by the annexation of Tuscany to the Kingdom of Sardinia.[33] Present, Catholic continuation claimed by Archduke Sigismund, Grand Duke of Tuscany.[34][35]

### Other

[edit]

Chivalric and/or military orders that could qualify depending on definition.

* Confraternity of Belchite, "experimental" confraternity of knights founded in 1122 by King Alfonso the Battler of Aragon
* Order of Saint Blaise, founded in the 12th century in Armenia to defend the country against the attacks of the Muslims
* Knights of the Band, early honorific military order founded c. 1330 by King Alfonso XI of Castile
* Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, military order founded in 1350 by Duke Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, the first called the Order of the True Lover's Knots in memory of a bracelet of hair presented to the founder by a lady, but upon the election of Amadeus VIII to the pontificate in 1439, it changed its name for that of the Annunciation of angel Gabriel
* Order of the Dove, short-lived (one year) and controversial order founded in 1379 by King Juan I of Castile
* Order of Saint Anthony (Bavaria), Bavarian military order founded in 1382 by Duke Albert I, Duke of Bavaria
* Military Order of Cross-bearers with the Red Star on a Blue Field, hospitaller and/military order active from the 12th century until suppressed in 1656 by Pope Alexander VII.
* Order of Saint Hubert, early honorific military order founded in 1444 or 1445 by Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg
* Blood of Jesus Christ (military order), founded in Mantua, Italy, by Vincenzo I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, approved on 25 May 1608 by Pope Paul V
* Order of the Knights of Concórdia [es], founded in 1261 by King Ferdinand III of Castile[36]
* Order of the Hatchet female spanish military order during the middle ages.

## Modern development

[edit]

A few of the institutions survived into honorific and/or charitable organizations, including the papal orders of knighthood.

While other contemporary Catholic societies may share some military organizational features and ideology, such as the Society of Jesus,[37] they differ from the medieval military orders in the absence of military purposes or potential.

Modern orders may still be founded explicitly as a military order; the Military Order of Loyalty (Spanish: Orden Militar de la Constancia) was founded in 1946 by the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. Awarded to both Spanish and Moroccan military officers and soldiers, the single-class order was abolished in 1956.

## See also

[edit]

* Spanish knights orders
* Chivalric order
* Order (honour)

* Warrior monk

## References

[edit]

1. ^ McCreery, Christopher (2008). The Maple Leaf and the White Cross: A History of St. John Ambulance and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Canada. Dundurn. p. 187\. ISBN 9781770702806. "there are only five legitimate and mutually recognized Orders of St. John that continue to carry on the historic work of the Knights Hospitaller. These are the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (The Order of Malta), Die Balley Brandenburg des Ritterlichen Ordens Sankt Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem, commonly known as the Johanniter Orden (Germany), Johanniter Orde in Nederland (Netherland), Johanniterorden I Sverige (Sweden), and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (Order of St. John, sometimes referred to as the Most Venerable Order). In 1961, an alliance was formed between the Most Venerable Order, the Johanniter ORden, Johanniter Orde in Nederland, and Johanniterorden I Sverige; these four orders compromise the Alliance of the Orders of St. John."
2. ^ Demurger, Alain (2005). Les Templiers. Une chevalerie chrétienne au Moyen Age. Paris: Éditions du Seuil. ISBN 9782021008340. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
3. ^ Crawford, Paul (1996). "The Military Orders: Introduction". The ORB: On-line Reference Book for Medieval Studies. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
4. ^ Michael Jones ed., The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 6: c. 1300 - c. 1415, (Cambridge, 1998), p. 209.
5. ^ Jotischky 2004, pp. 199–205.
6. ^ Jotischky 2004, pp. 202–203.
7. ^ Tyerman 2019, pp. 315–327.
8. ^ Tyerman 2019, pp. 328–333.
9. ^ D'Assemani, Michael H Abraham,The Cross on the Sword, A History of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem ,1944.
10. ^ "Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem". Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
11. ^ Robert Ferguson (26 August 2011). The Knights Templar and Scotland. History Press Limited. p. 39\. ISBN 978-0-7524-6977-5.
12. ^ Jochen Burgtorf; Paul F. Crawford; Helen J. Nicholson (28 June 2013). The Debate on the Trial of the Templars (1307–1314). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 298\. ISBN 978-1-4094-8102-7.
13. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Order of the Knights of Christ" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
14. ^ Matthew Anthony Fitzsimons; Jean Bécarud (1969). The Catholic Church today: Western Europe. University of Notre Dame Press. p. 159.
15. ^ Helen J. Nicholson (1 January 2004). The Crusades. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-313-32685-1.
16. ^ a b José Vicente de Bragança, The Military Order of Christ and the Papal Croce di Cristo
17. ^ Martin, pp. 140–142.
18. ^ "Note of Clarification from the Secretariat of State". news.va. Pontifical Council for Social Communication. 16 October 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2012. "Vatican City,(VIS)-"
19. ^ Noonan, Jr., James-Charles (1996). The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church. Viking. p. 196. ISBN 0-670-86745-4.
20. ^ Moeller, Charles. "The Military Orders." The Catholic Encyclopedia Archived 2017-07-15 at the Wayback Machine Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 22 Jun. 2015
21. ^ Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher (1999). The Oxford History of the Crusades. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192853646. "Teutonic knights are still to be found only in another interesting survival, Ridderlijke Duitse Orde Balije van Utrecht (The Bailiwick of Utrecht of the Teutonic Order). Like the Hospitaller Bailiwick of Brandenburg, this commandery turned itself into a noble Protestant confraternity at the time of the Reformation."
22. ^ Anderson, James (1732). Royal genealogies: or, The genealogical tables of emperors, kings and princes, from Adam to these times; in two parts. London: James Bettenham. pp. ix. Retrieved 9 December 2011. "St Michael's Wing in Portugal founded by the said King Alphonse 1165 or 1171 after his obtaining a notable Victory over Moors and Alberto King of Seville in which Battle MICHAEL the Arch Angel is said to appear on the right Side of Alphonse and fight against them. This Order is now out of use. (1732)"
23. ^ a b Almeida, Gomes Abrunhosa Marques de and Manuel Ângelo (2007). Precedentes histórico-teóricos dos regionalismos dos Açores e da Galiza. Santiago de Compostela: Univ Santiago de Compostela. p. 187.
24. ^ Cheke, Marcus (1969). Carlota Joaquina, queen of Portugal (Reprinted. ed.). Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press. p. 195\. ISBN 978-0-8369-5040-3.
25. ^ Jenks, George C (1911). Monarchs in Exile, The Bookman vol. 32. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co. p. 273.
26. ^ Sainty, Guy Stair (2006-11-22). "Royal Order of Saint Michael of the Wing". rec.heraldry. Archived from the original on 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2011-01-21. "While the Duke of Braganza is the unquestioned heir and successor of Dom Miguel, the institution of the Royal Brotherhood of St Michael of the Wing is better seen as a modern memorial revival of the original institution than any kind of continuation of the Miguelist award."
27. ^ Orders of the Holy Ghost Archived 2019-08-30 at the Wayback Machine \- Catholic Encyclopedia article
28. ^ Von Luxemburg, Sigismund; Curtin, D. P. (January 2024). Charter of the Order of the Dragon. ISBN 9798869346247.
29. ^ Besse, Jean. "Bethlehemites." The Catholic Encyclopedia Archived 2023-06-21 at the Wayback Machine Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 23 Jun. 2015
30. ^ Trollope, Thomas Anthony. An encyclopædia ecclesiastica, 1834
31. ^ Villari, Pasquale (1911). "Medici" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–41.31-41&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Villari&rft.aufirst=Pasquale&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Military+order+(religious+society)" class="Z3988">
32. ^ Woodhouse, Frederick Charles (1879). The military religious orders of the Middle Ages: the Hospitallers, the Templars, the Teutonic knights, and others. With an appendix of other orders of knighthood: legendary, honorary, and modern. New York: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. p. 338. "The members followed the rule of St Benedict and the Popes granted them the same privileges as those enjoyed by the Knights Hospitallers"
33. ^ Carmichael, Montgomery (1901). In Tuscany: Tuscan Towns, Tuscan Types and the Tuscan Tongue. New York: E P Dutton. p. 173. "The Order was swept away by the French Revolution but was revived again in a modified form in 1817. The Italian Revolution once more swept it away beyond hope of revival on 16 November 1859 and its Church and property became the property of the State. Alas that modern Italy should not be a little more tender of the memories of her past glories."
34. ^ Bernardini, Rodolfo (1990). Il Sacro Militare Ordine di Santo Stefano Papa e Martire (in Italian). Pisa: Familiare della Casa Asburgo Lorena.
35. ^ Cardinale, Hyginus Eugene (1983). Orders of knighthood awards and the Holy See. Gerrards Cross: Van Duren. p. 157\. ISBN 978-0-905715-13-1.
36. ^ Nicolás, Bruno Rigalt y (1858). Diccionario histórico de las Ordenes de Caballería religiosas,civiles y militares de todas las naciones del mundo,desde los primeros tiempos hasta nuestros dias. [...] (in Spanish). Narciso Ramirez. p. 55.
37. ^ Harro Höpfl (2004), Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State, c. 1540–1630, Cambridge; p. 25

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Jotischky, Andrew (2004). Crusading and the Crusader States. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-582-41851-6.
* Nicholson, Helen J. The Knights Hospitaller (2001).
* Riley-Smith, Jonathan. Hospitallers: The History of the Order of St John (1999).
* Morten, Nicholas Edward. The Teutonic Knights in the Holy Land 1190-1291 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2009)
* Forey, Alan John. The Military Orders: From the Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Centuries. *(Basingstoke: Macmillan Education, 1992)
* Tyerman, Christopher (2019). The World of the Crusades. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-21739-1.

* v
* t
* e

Phaleristics

Auxiliary science of history and numismatics about orders, decorations, and medals

Distinctions
(Lists)|

| By conferee|

| Founts of honour*|

* States
* and their national/public/official authorities
* Dynasties
* heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families

|

Private|

* Ecclesiastical
* Organisations
* Commercial
* (Self-styled order)

By type|

| Orders|

* Order of chivalry
* Military order
* Colonial order
* Order of merit
* Royal family order

| Titles
(Styles,
Post-nominal)|

| By function|

* Grand master
* Chancellor
* Treasurer
* Assessor
* Bailiff
* Prior
* Chaplain
* Master of ceremonies

|

* Grand Cross/Grand Cordon
* Commander
* Officer
* Hospitaller
* Knight/Dame
* Postulant
* Squire
* Page

Jurisdictions|

* Charter
* Bailiwick
* Chapter
* Commandery
* Obedience
* Grand Lodge
* Lodge

Others,
by field|

| Military
(List)|

* List of highest
* Campaign medal
* Law enforcement

|

Civilian
(List)|

| Society|

* Peace
* Intellectual freedom
* Human rights
* Law
* Humanitarianism
* Politics
* Volunteer

|

Culture|

* Architecture
* Art
* Film
* History
* Literature
* Music
* Philosophy
* Poetry
* Theatre

* Science
* Religion-related
* Ecclesiastical
* Sports
* Scouting
* Beauty

By insignia
(Named after
people)|

| For wearing
(decorations)|

| Formal|

* Collar
* Grand Cross/Grand Cordon
* with sash
* Medal
* Necklet
* Medal bar
* Medal ribbon

|

Other|

* Rosette
* Award pin
* Lapel pin
* Collar pin
* Tie pin
* Badge
* Heraldic
* Pilgrim
* Epaulette
* Ribbon
* Ring
* Button
* Campaign
* Service
* Shoulder mark

Prizes|

* Trophy
* War
* Plaquette
* Rosette
* Money
* Prizes known as the Nobel of a field

Ceremonies
and events|

* Accolade
* Vigil
* Feoffment
* Passage fee
* Festival
* Vow
* Collar day

Related
organisations|

* Fraternity
* Confraternity
* Fraternal order
* Fraternities and sororities
* Secret society
* Guild
* Syndicate
* Learned society
* Fellowship
* Honor society
* Hereditary society
* Club
* Gentlemen's club
* International Commission for Orders of Chivalry
* Magical organization
* Religious order

Related
concepts|

* Chivalry
* Numismatics
* Heraldry
* Vexillology
* Service flag
* Battle honour
* Campaign streamer
* Nobility
* Order of precedence
* Honorary degree
* Devotional medal
* Awareness ribbon
* Code of conduct
* Code of honor
* High society

* * = Direct or indirect reference to fount of honour is the accepted criterion for official distinctions
* Category:Orders, decorations, and medals
* Wikipedia:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals
* Wikipedia:WikiProject Awards

* v
* t
* e

Crusader sites

Sorted by modern states, with crusader names in parentheses ()

Cyprus|

* More

Egypt|

* More

Greece|

* More

Israel|

* Abu Ghosh (Fontenoid)
* Achziv (Casal Imbertia)
* Acre (Saint Jean d'Acre)
* Apollonia–Arsuf (Arsur)
* Ascalon
* Ateret Fortress (siege)
* Yazur
* Bayt 'Itab (Bethaatap)
* Bayt Jibrin (Beth Gibelin)
* Beit She'an (Bethsan)
* Belvoir Fortress
* Burgata
* Caesarea Maritima
* Cafarlet
* Château Pèlerin
* Destroit
* Castle Arnold
* Ein Hemed
* Jerusalem
* Haifa (Caypha)
* Jaffa
* Latrun (Toron)
* Hunin (Château Neuf)
* Mi'ilya (Castellum Regis)
* Migdal Afek (Mirabel)
* Montfort
* Qalansawe (Calanson)
* Qaqun (Caco)
* Qastal (Beauverium)
* Qula
* Safed (Saphet)
* Taibe
* Tel Afek
* Tel Hanaton
* Tell es-Safi (Blanche Garde)
* Tel Tanninim (Torin Selin)
* Suba (Belmont)
* Tel Yokneam (Caymont)
* Yavne (Ibelin)
* Tiberias
* Sepphoris (La Sephorie)
* Umm Khalid
* Khirbat Jiddin (Judin)

Jordan|

* Ajloun Castle
* Kerak Castle
* Montreal
* Tafilah
* Vaux Moise

Lebanon|

* Arqa
* Batroun
* Beaufort Castle
* Beirut Castle
* Belhacem
* Byblos Castle
* Citadel of Tripoli
* Dubay Castle
* Gibelacar
* Coliath
* Deir Kifa Castle
* Hasbaya Castle
* Moinetre
* Puy du Connétable, Castrum Constabularii
* Nephin
* Saint Louis Castle
* Scandelion Castle
* Sidon Sea Castle
* Toron

Syria|

* More

Turkey|

* More

Associations
Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
Knights Hospitaller
Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Knights Templar
Order of Saint Lazarus
Teutonic Order

* Catholicism portal

* v
* t
* e

Crusader states

List of Crusader states

Levant|

* Kingdom of Jerusalem
* vassals
* Principality of Antioch
* Antioch
* County of Edessa
* Marash
* County of Tripoli
* Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
* Kingdom of Cyprus

Greece|

* Latin Empire of Constantinople
* Duchy of Philippopolis
* Kingdom of Thessalonica
* Principality of Achaea
* Duchy of Athens
* Duchy of Neopatras
* Duchy of the Archipelago
* Triarchy of Negroponte
* County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
* Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
* Venetian Stato da Màr
* Knights Hospitaller
* Hospitaller Rhodes
* Genoese colonies

Prussia
and Livonia|

* State of the Teutonic Order*
* Teutonic Order
* Livonian Order
* Livonian Brothers of the Sword*
* Archbishopric of Riga
* Bishopric of Courland
* Bishopric of Dorpat
* Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
* Dobrzyń Land
* Order of Dobrzyń
* Free City of Riga

* Military orders
* Crusading movement
* Crusades

* v
* t
* e

Latin Church

Patriarchates
(by order of precedence)|

| Current|

* Rome ('Patriarch of the West'): Pope Francis (with cathedra in Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran)

* Jerusalem: Pierbattista Pizzaballa
* East Indies: Filipe Neri Ferrão
* Lisbon: Rui Valério
* Venice: Francesco Moraglia

|

Defunct|

* Carthage (?−1964)
* Alexandria (1276–1964)
* Antioch (1098–1964)
* Constantinople (1204–1964)
* West Indies (1524–1963)
* Aquileia (560–1751)
* Ethiopia (1555–1663)
* Grado (560–1451)

History|

* Apostolic succession
* History of the papacy
* Papal primacy
* Historical development
* First Martyrs
* Great Church
* Early African church
* Vulgate
* East–West Schism
* Scholasticism
* Crusades
* Western Schism
* Age of Discovery
* Humanism
* Protestant Reformation
* Council of Trent
* Counter-Reformation
* Vatican I
* Vatican II
* 1983 Code of Canon Law

| Apostolic sees|

* Rome
* Peter
* Paul
* Syracuse
* Peter
* Malta
* Paul
* Milan
* Barnabas
* Santiago de Compostela
* James

|

Church Fathers|

* Tertullian
* Cyprian
* Hilary of Poitiers*
* Ambrose*
* Pope Damasus I
* Jerome*
* Augustine of Hippo*
* Pope Gregory I*
* Isidore of Seville*

Language|

* Ecclesiastical Latin
* Liturgical use of Latin

Liturgical rites
Liturgical days|

| Current|

* Ambrosian Rite
* Rite of Braga
* Mozarabic Rite
* Roman Rite
* Mass of Paul VI (Ordinary form)
* Tridentine Mass
* Extraordinary form
* Anglican Use
* Zaire Use

| Orders|

* Benedictine Rite
* Carmelite Rite
* Carthusian Rite
* Cistercian Rite
* Dominican Rite
* Norbertine Rite

|

Defunct|

* African Rite
* Aquileian Rite
* British
* Celtic Rite
* Durham Rite
* Hereford Use
* Sarum Use
* York Use
* Gallican Rite
* Missa Nautica
* Missa sicca
* Missa Venatoria
* Pre-Tridentine Mass

See also|

* Latin cross
* Latin Church in the Middle East
* Latins
* Turkey
* Titular sees
* Eastern Catholic Churches
* Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions
* Western Rite Orthodoxy

* * also Doctors of the Church
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See

Orders
of the Holy See|

* Supreme Order of Christ
* Order of the Golden Spur
* Order of Pope Pius IX
* Order of St. Gregory the Great
* Order of St. Sylvester

Orders
under protection
of the Holy See
(with distinctions)|

* Order of the Holy Sepulchre
* Palm of Jerusalem
* Pilgrim Shell
* Cross of Merit
* Sovereign Military Order of Malta
* Order pro Merito Melitensi
* Medal of the Order pro Merito Melitensi

Other distinctions|

* Golden Rose
* Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice
* Benemerenti medal
* Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross

Defunct/dormant
distinctions
(selection)|

* Order of Saint John of the Lateran
* Order of Saint Cecilia (1870)
* Order of the Moor (1870)
* Order of Saint Sylvester and the Militia Aurata (1905)
* Advocates of Saint Peter (1909)
* Blessed sword and hat (1823)
* Pro Petri Sede (1860)
* Fidei et Virtuti (1867)
* Lauretan Cross (c. 1980s)
* Papal Lateran Cross (1977)

See also|

* Papal household
* Papal nobility
* Black nobility
* Pontifical academies
* Swiss Guard
* Other Catholic orders of chivaly

* Vatican City portal
* Catholicism portal

* v
* t
* e

History of the Catholic Church

General|

* History of the Catholic Church
* By country or region
* Ecclesiastical history
* Timeline
* Papacy
* Papal primacy
* Catholic ecumenical councils
* First seven
* Catholic Bible
* Biblical canon
* Vulgate
* Crusading movement
* History of the Roman Curia
* Religious institutes
* Christian monasticism
* Catholic culture
* Art
* Role in civilization
* Vatican City
* Papal States
* Latin Church
* Eastern Catholic Churches

Early Church
(30–325/476)|

| Origins and
Apostolic Age (30–100)|

* Jesus
* Ministry
* Crucifixion
* Resurrection
* Great Commission
* Holy Spirit
* Mary
* John the Baptist
* Apostles in the New Testament
* Commissioning
* Peter
* John
* Paul
* Stephen
* Council of Jerusalem
* Split with Judaism
* New Testament
* Background
* Gospels
* Acts
* Pauline epistles
* General epistles
* Revelation

|

Ante-Nicene period (100–325)|

* Persecution
* Church Fathers
* Apostolic Fathers
* Pope Clement I
* Polycarp
* Ignatius
* Irenaeus
* Justin Martyr
* Canon
* Tertullian
* Origen

Late antiquity
(313–476)|

| Great Church
(180–451)
Roman
state church
(380–451)|

* Constantine the Great
* Christianity
* Arian controversy
* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
* Old St. Peter's Basilica
* First Council of Nicaea
* Pope Sylvester I
* First Council of Constantinople
* Biblical canon
* Jerome
* Vulgate
* Council of Ephesus
* Council of Chalcedon

|

Early Middle Ages|

* Benedict of Nursia
* Monasticism
* Second Council of Constantinople
* Pope Gregory I
* Gregorian chant
* Third Council of Constantinople
* Saint Boniface
* Byzantine Iconoclasm
* Second Council of Nicaea
* Charlemagne
* Pope Leo III
* Fourth Council of Constantinople
* East–West Schism

High Middle Ages|

* Pope Urban II
* Investiture Controversy
* Clash against the empire
* Crusades
* Universities
* Scholasticism
* First Council of the Lateran
* Second Council of the Lateran
* Third Council of the Lateran
* Pope Innocent III
* Latin Empire
* Francis of Assisi
* Fourth Council of the Lateran
* Inquisition
* First Council of Lyon
* Second Council of Lyon
* Bernard of Clairvaux

Late Middle Ages|

* Thomas Aquinas
* Pope Boniface VIII
* Western Schism
* Avignon Papacy
* Pope Clement V
* Council of Vienne
* Knights Templar
* Catherine of Siena
* Pope Alexander VI
* Age of Discovery

Protestant Reformation
Counter-Reformation

* Protestant Reformation
* Catholic Counter-Reformation
* Exsurge Domine
* Dissolution of the monasteries
* Council of Trent
* Thomas More
* Pope Leo X
* Society of Jesus
* Ignatius of Loyola
* Francis Xavier
* Pope Pius V
* Tridentine Mass
* Teresa of Ávila
* John of the Cross
* Peter Canisius
* Philip Neri
* Robert Bellarmine
* European wars of religion
* Thirty Years' War

Baroque period to the
French Revolution

* Pope Innocent XI
* Pope Benedict XIV
* Suppression of the Society of Jesus
* Age of Enlightenment
* Anti-clericalism
* Pope Pius VI
* Shimabara Rebellion
* Edict of Nantes
* Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

19th century|

* Pope Pius VII
* Pope Pius IX
* United States
* Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
* Our Lady of La Salette
* Our Lady of Lourdes
* First Vatican Council
* Papal infallibility
* Pope Leo XIII
* Mary of the Divine Heart
* Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
* Rerum novarum

20th century|

* Pope Pius X
* Our Lady of Fátima
* Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
* Pope Pius XII
* Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
* Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
* Lateran Treaty
* Nazism
* Mit brennender Sorge
* Pope John XXIII
* Pacem in terris
* Second Vatican Council
* Ecumenism
* Judaism
* Pope Paul VI (coronation)
* Pope John Paul I
* Mother Teresa
* Communism
* Pope John Paul II
* HIV/AIDS
* World Youth Day
* 1995

21st century|

* Sexual abuse scandal
* Islam
* World Youth Day
* 2000
* 2002
* 2005
* 2008
* 2011
* 2013
* 2016
* 2019
* 2023
* Pope Benedict XVI
* Pope Francis
* Laudato si'
* Patriarch Kirill
* COVID-19 pandemic

* Vatican City portal
* Catholicism portal

* v
* t
* e

Catholic Church

* Index
* Outline
* Glossary
* Lists of Catholics

History
Timeline
Ecclesiastical
Legal|

| Early Church|

* Jesus Christ
* Ministry
* Crucifixion
* Resurrection
* Great Commission
* Apostles
* Succession
* Petrine primacy
* Church fathers
* Apostolic fathers
* History of the papacy
* Primacy

|

Great Church|

* Ante-Nicene period
* Constantine
* First seven ecumenical councils
* Nicaea I
* Chalcedon
* Late antiquity
* Biblical canon
* Monasticism

Middle Ages|

* Islamic conquests
* Pope Gregory I
* Papal States
* Schism (1054)
* Investiture Controversy
* Crusades
* Schism (1378)
* Inquisition
* Universities
* Scholasticism
* Age of Discovery

Modern era|

* Protestantism
* Protestant Reformation
* Catholic Reformation
* Trent
* Thirty Years' War
* Enlightenment
* French Revolution
* Nazism
* Vatican II
* Communism
* Sexual abuse scandal
* Islam
* COVID-19 pandemic

Theology
Bible
Tradition
Catechism|

| General|

* God
* Trinity
* Kingdom
* Body and soul
* Divine grace
* Dogma
* Nicene Creed
* Original sin
* Saints
* Salvation
* Sermon on the Mount
* Ten Commandments
* Vulgate
* Official Bible
* Sixtine Vulgate
* Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
* Nova Vulgata
* Worship

|

Ecclesiology|

* Communitas perfecta
* Councils
* Ecumenism
* Four marks
* One true church
* Catholic
* Infallibility
* Mystici Corporis Christi
* People of God
* Three states
* Subsistit in
* In canon law

Sacraments|

* Baptism
* Confirmation
* Eucharist
* Penance
* Anointing of the Sick
* Last rites
* Holy orders
* Matrimony

Mariology|

* Assumption
* History
* Immaculate Conception
* Mariology of the popes
* Mariology of the saints
* Mother of God
* Perpetual virginity
* Veneration
* See also:
* Josephology

Philosophy|

* Natural law
* Moral theology
* Personalism
* Social teaching
* Philosophers
* Philosophy of canon law
* See also:
* Science
* Evolution
* Separation of church and state
* Relations
* Politics

Saints|

* Holy Family
* Mary
* Joseph
* Patriarchs
* Prophets
* Archangels
* Martyrs
* Doctors of the Church
* Evangelists
* Confessors
* Disciples
* Virgins

Organisation
Hierarchy
Canon law
Laity
Precedence
By country|

| Holy See
(List of popes)|

* Pope Francis
* Ecumenical councils
* College of Cardinals
* List
* Advisers
* Roman Curia
* Dicasteries
* Synod of Bishops
* Properties

|

Vatican City|

* Index
* Outline
* Apostolic Palace
* Lateran Treaty
* Roman Rota
* St. Peter's Basilica
* Swiss Guard
* Vatican Museums

Polity (Holy orders)|

* Diocese
* Episcopal conference
* Eparchy
* Bishop
* Patriarch
* Major
* Primate
* Metropolitan
* Archbishop
* Diocesan
* Coadjutor
* Auxiliary
* Titular
* Emeritus
* Parish
* Priest
* Deacon

Consecrated life|

* Religious:
* Superior
* Abbot, Abbess
* General
* Provincial
* Prior, Prioress
* Grand master
* Brother
* Friar
* Monk
* Sister
* Nun
* Hermit
* Novice
* Master
* Oblate
* Postulant

Particular churches
sui iuris|

* Latin Church
* Eastern Catholic Churches
* Albanian
* Armenian
* Belarusian
* Bulgarian
* Chaldean
* Coptic
* Croatian and Serbian
* Eritrean
* Ethiopian
* Georgian
* Greek
* Hungarian
* Italo-Albanian
* Macedonian
* Maronite
* Melkite
* Romanian
* Russian
* Ruthenian
* Slovak
* Syriac
* Syro-Malabar
* Syro-Malankara
* Ukrainian

Catholic liturgy|

* Eastern Catholic liturgy
* Alexandrian
* Antiochian
* Armenian
* Byzantine
* East Syriac
* West Syriac
* Malankara
* Latin
* Ambrosian
* Braga
* Mozarabic
* Roman
* Paul VI
* Tridentine
* Anglican
* Zaire

Culture|

* Art
* Marian
* Artists
* Writers
* Church buildings
* Altarpieces
* Folk
* Library
* Museums
* Music
* Distinctions
* Role in civilisation
* See also:
* Criticism of the Catholic Church
* Anti-Catholicism

Media|

* Holy See Press Office
* Vatican Media
* Vatican News
* Vatican Television Center
* Vatican Radio
* Vatican Polyglot Press
* L'Osservatore Romano
* Acta Apostolicae Sedis
* Annuario Pontificio

Religious orders,
institutes, societies|

* Assumptionists
* Annonciades
* Augustinians
* Basilians
* Benedictines
* Bethlehemites
* Blue nuns
* Camaldoleses
* Camillians
* Carmelites
* Carthusians
* Cistercians
* Clarisses
* Conceptionists
* Crosiers
* Dominicans
* Franciscans
* Good Shepherd Sisters
* Hieronymites
* Jesuits
* Legionaries
* Mercedarians
* Minims
* Olivetans
* Oratorians
* Piarists
* Premonstratensians
* Redemptoristines
* Servites
* Theatines
* Trappists
* Trinitarians
* Visitandines

Associations
of the faithful|

* Confraternities
* Lay
* Marian
* Youth
* Workers
* Third orders
* Saint Dominic
* Lay Carmelites
* Discalced
* Saint Francis
* Secular
* Military orders
* Fimcap
* Catholic Action
* Charismatic Renewal
* Communion and Liberation
* Sant'Egidio
* Focolare
* International Alliance of Catholic Knights
* Scouting
* Legion of Mary
* Neocatechumenal Way
* Opus Dei
* Schoenstatt

Charities|

* Aid to the Church in Need
* Caritas
* Catholic Charities USA
* Home Missions
* Relief Services
* CIDSE
* Pax Christi
* Society of Saint Vincent de Paul

* See also:
* Health care
* Schools
* Universities

* Catholic Church portal
* Category

*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template