Military ranks of the Kingdom of Romania

The Military ranks of the Kingdom of Romania were the military insignia used by the Kingdom of Romania. Following the abolition of the monarchy, the ranks were replaced with those of the Socialist Republic of Romania.

## Army

[edit]

See also: Romanian Land Forces

### Commissioned officer ranks

[edit]

The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers

|
|
|

1846
[1] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General inspector |  |  | Polcovnic |  | Maior | Căpitan | Porucic | Praporșcic
1861
[2] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General primar | General de divizie | General de brigadă | Colonel | Locotenent-colonel | Maior | Căpitan | Locotenent | Sublocotenent
1912
[3][4][a] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General de corp de armată | General de divizie | General de brigadă | Colonel | Locotenent-colonel | Maior | Căpitan | Locotenent | Sublocotenent
1916
[5] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General de corp de armată | General de divizie | General de brigadă | Colonel | Locotenent-colonel | Maior | Căpitan | Locotenent | Sublocotenent
1931
[6][7] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mareșal | General de armată | General de corp de armată | General de divizie | General de brigadă | Colonel | Locotenent-colonel | Maior | Căpitan | Locotenent | Sublocotenent
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers

### Other ranks

[edit]

The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.

Rank group  | Senior NCOs  | Junior NCOs  | Enlisted

|
|
|

1846
[8] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Feldfebel |  | Caporal-Subofițer | Subofițer | Caporal-efreitor | Soldat
1912
[3][4] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plutonier maior | Plutonier | Sergent | Caporal | Fruntaș | Soldat
1931
[6][9] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plutonier adjutant | Plutonier maior | Plutonier | Sergent maior | Sergent | Caporal | Fruntaș | Soldat

## Navy

[edit]

See also: Romanian Naval Forces

### Commissioned officer ranks

[edit]

The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers

|
|
|

[10] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mareșal | Amiral | Viceamiral | Contraamiral | Contraamiral de flotilă | Comandor | Căpitan-comandor | Locotenent-comandor | Căpitan | Locotenent | Aspirant

### Other ranks

[edit]

The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.

Rank group  | Senior NCOs  | Junior NCOs  | Enlisted

|
|
|

[11] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Plutonier maior | Plutonier | Sergent maior | Sergent | Caporal | Marinar fruntaș | Marinar

## Air force

[edit]

See also: Royal Romanian Air Force

### Commissioned officer ranks

[edit]

The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers

|
|
|

1931
[12][13] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General inspector | General comandant | General de escadră aeriană | Comandor | Căpitan-comandor | Locotenent-comandor | Căpitan | Locotenent | Sublocotenent
Late World War 2
[12][14][15][13] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mareșal[16] |  | General inspector | General comandant | General de escadră aeriană | Comandor | Căpitan-comandor | Locotenent-comandor | Căpitan | Locotenent | Sublocotenent
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers

### Other ranks

[edit]

The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.

Rank group  | Senior NCOs  | Junior NCOs  | Enlisted

|
|
|

1931
[12] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjutant șef | Adjutant major | Adjutant | Adjutant stagiar | Sergent | Caporal | Fruntaș | Soldat
Late World War 2
[12][14][15][17] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjutant șef | Adjutant major | Adjutant/(ground staff)  | Adjutant stagiar | Sergent | Caporal | Fruntaș | Soldat
Rank group  | Senior NCOs  | Junior NCOs  | Enlisted

## See also

[edit]

* Military ranks of the Socialist Republic of Romania
* Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia

## Footnotes

[edit]

1. ^ Color for the infantry service branch and generals shown. Each service branch as well as the ten Roșiori regiments had distinct colors for the rank insignia.

## References

[edit]

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ Muzeul Militar Național 1930, p. 9, 11–12.
2. ^ Muzeul Militar Național 1930, p. 30.
3. ^ a b Thomas & Babac 2001, p. 46.
4. ^ a b Muzeul Militar Național 1930, p. 57.
5. ^ Muzeul Militar Național 1930, p. 58.
6. ^ a b Littlejohn 1994b, p. 95-96.
7. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 203.
8. ^ Muzeul Militar Național 1930, p. 9.
9. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 203, 306.
10. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 206.
11. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 206, 306.
12. ^ a b c d Tod Rathbone. "Romanian Air Force". rathbonemuseum.com.
13. ^ a b Moroșanu & Melinte 2010, p. 189.
14. ^ a b Littlejohn 1994b, p. 98-99.
15. ^ a b Rosignoli 1983, Plate 76.
16. ^ "Centenarul nașterii Regelui Mihai I al României. Uniforma regală de aviație". glasulcetatii.ro (in Romanian). 12 October 2021.
17. ^ Moroșanu & Melinte 2010, p. 188.

### Bibliography

[edit]

* Littlejohn, David (1994b). Foreign Legions of the Third Reich. Volume 4 (2nd ed.). United States of America: R. James Publishing. ISBN 0-912138-36-X.
* Mollo, Andrew (1981). The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, insignia, and organization. New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0-517-54478-4. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
* Moroșanu, Teodor Liviu; Melinte, Dan (2010). Romanian Fighter Colours 1941-1945. MMPBooks. ISBN 978-83-89450-90-6.
* Muzeul Militar Național (1930). Uniformele Armatei Române 1830-1930 (PDF) (in Romanian). Bucharest: Atelierele Marvan. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
* Rosignoli, Guido (1983). Badges and insignia of World War II: Air Force, Naval, Marine. Blandford Colour Series. New York: Blandford Press Ltd. ISBN 0-671-06008-2.
* Thomas, Nigel; Babac, Dusan (2001). Armies in the Balkans 1914–18. Men-at-Arms. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1841761947.

## External links

[edit]

* "Romania 1881-1947 (Kingdom)". uniforminsignia.org. The International Encyclopedia of Uniform Insignia. Retrieved 11 August 2021.

* v
* t
* e

Military ranks and insignia by country

* List of comparative military ranks

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* DR Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

States with
limited recognition|

* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland

Former|

* People's Republic of Angola
* Biafra
* Bophuthatswana
* Ciskei
* Kingdom of Egypt
* Ethiopian Empire
* Katanga
* People's Republic of Mozambique
* Rhodesia
* South West Africa
* Transkei
* Venda
* Zaire

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Apartheid States in Southern Africa

Americas|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Argentina
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* Officers:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Enlisted:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Other:
* Marine Corps
* Space Force
* Warrant officer
* Opposing forces
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Former|

* Canada (pre-Unification)
* Confederate States of America
* Union
* Army
* Navy
* Costa Rica
* Republic of Cuba
* Empire of Brazil
* Panama
* Republic of Texas
* Army
* Navy
* United States Army enlisted
* World War I
* World War II

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* PR of China
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Rocket Force
* Armed Police
* India
* Army
* Air Force
* Navy
* Coast Guard
* Border Roads Organisation
* Paramilitary forces
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Korea
* North
* South
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Marines
* Civil Armed Forces
* Maritime Security Agency
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan (Republic of China)

Former|

* Artsakh
* China
* Empire
* Republic (1912–1949)
* Dutch East Indies
* East Turkestan (Second Republic)
* People's Republic of Kampuchea
* Imperial Iran
* Imperial Japan
* Army
* Navy
* Korea
* Empire
* Liberation Army
* Kingdom of Laos
* Manchukuo
* Mengjiang
* Mongolian People's Republic
* Vietnam
* State
* South
* South Yemen
* Tibet
* Tuva

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Europe|

* Albania
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Home Guard
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Army
* Navy
* Gendarmerie
* Air and Space Force
* Foresters
* Germany
* Georgia
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Land Forces
* Coast Guard
* Ireland
* Italy
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Carabinieri
* Finance Guard
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* North Macedonia
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Cossacks
* Between 1994 and 2010
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Officers:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Other:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Vatican

States with
limited recognition|

* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* Transnistria

Former|

* Albania
* Kingdom
* People's Socialist Republic
* Austria–Hungary
* Army
* Navy
* Bulgaria
* Kingdom
* People's Republic
* Independent State of Croatia
* Czechoslovakia
* German Empire
* Weimar Republic
* Nazi Germany
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* East Germany
* Kingdom of Greece
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* France
* Napoleonic Grand Army
* Hungary
* Kingdom
* People's Republic
* Italy
* Kingdom
* Social Republic
* Ottoman Empire
* Polish People's Republic
* Republika Srpska
* Romania
* Kingdom
* Socialist Republic
* Russian Empire
* White Movement
* Slovakia (First Republic)
* Soviet Union
* 1918–35
* 1935–40
* 1940–43
* 1943–55
* 1955–91
* Spain
* 2nd Republic
* State
* Yugoslavia
* Kingdom
* Socialist Federal Republic
* Federal Republic

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea
* Tonga
* Vanuatu

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Language|

| Anglophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

|

Arabophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Francophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Gendarmerie
* Officers
* Enlisted

Hispanophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Lusophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Military police
* Officers
* Enlisted

Post-Soviet states|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Commonwealth of Nations|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

European Union|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

NATO|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air Force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Comparative ranks of

* Star ranking
* WWI
* Officers
* WWII
* Officers
* Women's services
* Marine forces
* Space forces
* Gendarmeries
* UK and US

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