Minister for Defence (Australia)

Australian cabinet position

Minister for Defence

Commonwealth Coat of Arms

Minister for Defence Pennant

Incumbent
Richard Marles
since 1 June 2022

Department of Defence
Style| The Honourable (formal)
Minister (spoken)
Member of| Parliament
Cabinet
Federal Executive Council
National Security Committee
Reports to| Prime Minister
Seat| Canberra
Nominator| Prime Minister
Appointer| Governor-General
on the recommendation of the Prime Minister
Term length| At the Governor-General's pleasure
Constituting instrument| Section 64, Constitution of Australia
Formation| 1 January 1901
First holder| James Dickson
Salary| $364,406 (AUD)[1]
Website| www.minister.defence.gov.au/current-ministers/2022-06/richard-marles

The minister for Defence, also known as the Defence minister, is the minister of state of the Commonwealth of Australia charged with overseeing the organisation, implementation, and formulation of strategic policy in defence and military matters as the head of the Department of Defence. The Defence minister directs the government’s approach to the Australian Defence Organisation and the Australian Defence Force.[2] The current Defence minister is Richard Marles, who is concurrently serving as deputy prime minister of Australia, he was appointed by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in May 2022 following the 2022 Australian federal election.[3]

As the Minister for Defence is responsible for the executive management of Australia's defence and military forces and the portfolio's accountability to the Parliament, the Secretary of Defence is required under section 63(1) of the Public Service Act 1999 and the Requirements for Annual Reports from the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Public Accounts and Audit to submit a report to the responsible ministers on the activities of the Department of Defence after the end of each financial year for presentation to the Parliament.[4][5]

It is one of only four ministerial positions (along with Prime Minister, Attorney-General and Treasurer) that have existed since Federation.[6]

## Defence policy[edit]

The primary function of the Minister for Defence is to direct the formulation of the government's defence policy relating to the universal conduct of any entity of the Australian Government, or working on behalf of the Australian Government, and the agencies and personnel of the Australian Defence Organisation as a whole. The Australian Government operates three principal entities responsible for creating and maintaining defence policy within the 'Defence' superstructure: the Air Power Development Centre, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, and Sea Power Centre - Australia.[7] Additionally, the Australian Government, often at the direct request of the Prime Minister, will expend extensive introspective resources for the publication of Defence white papers so as to assess the current extent of Australia's defence capabilities and infrastructure and investigate the best manner of improving Defence in such a way that will positively inform the government's policy.[8]

The most recent white paper publication is the 2016 Defence White Paper that includes three elements: the 2016 Defence White Paper itself, 2016 Integrated Investment Program, and 2016 Defence Industry Policy Statement. Presented on 24 February 2016 and published the same day, it is the eighth defence whitepaper since 1976 and defined three key strategic objectives that the defence portfolios and governments of both parties have had little debate over. Recent Ministers for Defence for both political parties have typically formed their policy around the strict and professional advice of Australia's leading policy experts and senior military personnel and has generally caused little controversy.

## Composition of the defence portfolio[edit]

Over the years there have been a number of ministers with a variety of functions involved in the defence portfolio; in the period November 1939 to April 1942, there was no position named "Minister of Defence". Instead, several ministers were responsible for the various tasks and duties that are presently under the purview of the Minister for Defence.

Previous governments have included ministers with titles using one or more of the following terms:

* Air
* Aircraft production
* Army
* Defence
* Defence Coordination
* Defence Industry
* Defence Materiel
* Defence Personnel
* Defence Production
* Defence Science
* Defence Support
* Development
* Munitions[9]
* Navy
* Repatriation
* Shipping
* Supply
* Veterans' Affairs

## List of ministers for defence[edit]

There was a Minister for Defence from 1 January 1901 until 13 November 1939, with the exception of two small breaks. Robert Menzies, the Prime Minister, abolished the position on the outbreak of World War II and created separate Ministers for the Navy, the Army and the Air, with himself as Minister for Defence Coordination in his first ministry. He retained this position until the fall of his government, and then held the post in the brief government of Arthur Fadden. John Curtin initially followed the same arrangement as Menzies in his ministry until 14 April 1942, when he took the title of Minister for Defence. The separate titles of Ministers for the Navy, the Army and the Air were abolished in the second Whitlam Ministry on 30 November 1973, when the separate departments of Navy, Army and Air were also abolished. There had also been a separate Navy portfolio between 1915 and 1921.

The following have served as Minister for Defence:[10]

Order  | Minister  | Party  | Prime Minister  | Term start  | Term end  | Term in office

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | Sir James Dickson KCMG MP |  | Protectionist | Barton | 1 January 1901  | 10 January 1901  | 9 days
2  | John Forrest CMG MP |  | Protectionist | Barton | 17 January 1901  | 10 August 1903  | 2 years, 205 days
3  | Senator James Drake | 10 August 1903  | 24 September 1903  | 45 days
4  | Austin Chapman MP | Deakin | 24 September 1903  | 27 April 1904  | 216 days
5  | Senator Anderson Dawson |  | Labor | Watson | 27 April 1904  | 18 August 1904  | 113 days
6  | James McCay MP |  | Protectionist | Reid | 18 August 1904  | 5 July 1905  | 321 days
7  | Senator Thomas Playford | Deakin | 5 July 1905  | 24 January 1907  | 1 year, 203 days
8  | Sir Thomas Ewing KCMG MP | 24 January 1907  | 13 November 1908  | 1 year, 294 days
9  | Senator George Pearce[n 1] |  | Labor | Fisher | 13 November 1908  | 2 June 1909  | 201 days
10  | Joseph Cook MP |  | Liberal | Deakin | 2 June 1909  | 29 April 1910  | 331 days
(9)  | Senator George Pearce[n 1] |  | Labor | Fisher | 29 April 1910  | 24 June 1913  | 3 years, 56 days
11  | Senator Edward Millen |  | Liberal  | Cook | 24 June 1913  | 17 September 1914  | 1 year, 85 days
(9)  | Senator George Pearce[n 1] |  | Labor | Fisher | 17 September 1914  | 27 October 1915  | 7 years, 95 days
Hughes | 27 October 1915  | 14 November 1916
| National Labor | 14 November 1916  | 13 June 1917[n 2]
| Nationalist | 13 June 1917  | 21 December 1921
12  | Walter Massy-Greene MP[n 3] | 21 December 1921  | 9 February 1923  | 1 year, 50 days
13  | Eric Bowden MP | Bruce | 9 February 1923  | 16 January 1925  | 1 year, 342 days
14  | Sir Neville Howse VC KCB KCMG MP | 16 January 1925  | 2 April 1927  | 2 years, 76 days
15  | Senator Sir William Glasgow KCB CMG DSO VD | 2 April 1927  | 22 October 1929  | 2 years, 203 days
16  | Albert Green MP |  | Labor | Scullin | 22 October 1929  | 4 February 1931  | 1 year, 105 days
17  | Senator John Daly | 4 February 1931  | 3 March 1931  | 27 days
18  | Ben Chifley MP | 3 March 1931  | 6 January 1932  | 309 days
(9)  | Senator Sir George Pearce KCVO[n 1] |  | United
Australia | Lyons | 6 January 1932  | 12 October 1934  | 2 years, 279 days
19  | Sir Archdale Parkhill KCMG MP | 12 October 1934  | 20 November 1937  | 3 years, 39 days
20  | Joseph Lyons CH MP | 20 November 1937  | 29 November 1937  | 9 days
21  | Harold Thorby MP |  | Country | 29 November 1937  | 7 November 1938  | 343 days
22  | Geoffrey Street MC MP |  | United
Australia | 7 November 1938  | 7 April 1939  | 1 year, 6 days
Page | 7 April 1939  | 26 April 1939
Menzies | 26 April 1939  | 13 November 1939
23  | Robert Menzies MP[n 4] | 13 November 1939  | 29 August 1941  | 1 year, 328 days
Fadden | 29 August 1941  | 7 October 1941
24  | John Curtin MP[n 4] |  | Labor | Curtin | 7 October 1941  | 6 July 1945  | 3 years, 272 days
25  | Jack Beasley MP | Forde | 6 July 1945  | 13 July 1945  | 1 year, 39 days
Chifley | 13 July 1945  | 14 August 1946
26  | Frank Forde MP | 15 August 1946  | 1 November 1946  | 79 days
27  | John Dedman MP | 1 November 1946  | 19 December 1949  | 3 years, 48 days
28  | Eric Harrison MP |  | Liberal | Menzies | 19 December 1949  | 24 October 1950  | 309 days
29  | Sir Philip McBride KCMG MP | 24 October 1950  | 10 December 1958  | 8 years, 47 days
30  | Athol Townley MP | 10 December 1958  | 18 December 1963  | 5 years, 8 days
31  | Paul Hasluck MP | 18 December 1963  | 24 April 1964  | 128 days
32  | Senator Sir Shane Paltridge KBE | 24 April 1964  | 19 January 1966  | 1 year, 270 days
33  | Allen Fairhall MP | Holt | 26 January 1966  | 12 December 1967  | 3 years, 297 days
McEwen | 12 December 1967  | 10 January 1968
Gorton | 10 January 1968  | 12 November 1969
34  | Malcolm Fraser MP | 12 November 1969  | 8 March 1971  | 1 year, 116 days
35  | John Gorton CH MP | McMahon | 19 March 1971  | 13 August 1971  | 147 days
36  | David Fairbairn DFC MP | 13 August 1971  | 5 December 1972  | 1 year, 114 days
37  | Lance Barnard MP |  | Labor | Whitlam | 5 December 1972  | 6 June 1975  | 2 years, 183 days
38  | Bill Morrison MP | 6 June 1975  | 11 November 1975  | 158 days
39  | Sir James Killen KCMG MP |  | Liberal | Fraser | 12 November 1975  | 7 May 1982  | 6 years, 176 days
40  | Ian Sinclair MP |  | National Country | 7 May 1982  | 16 October 1982  | 308 days
| National | 16 October 1982  | 11 March 1983
41  | Gordon Scholes MP |  | Labor | Hawke | 11 March 1983  | 13 December 1984  | 1 year, 277 days
42  | Kim Beazley MP | 13 December 1984  | 4 April 1990  | 5 years, 112 days
43  | Senator Robert Ray | 4 April 1990  | 20 December 1991  | 5 years, 342 days
Keating | 20 December 1991  | 11 March 1996
44  | Ian McLachlan AO MP |  | Liberal | Howard | 11 March 1996  | 21 October 1998  | 2 years, 224 days
45  | John Moore MP | 21 October 1998  | 30 January 2001  | 2 years, 101 days
46  | Peter Reith MP | 30 January 2001  | 26 November 2001  | 300 days
47  | Senator Robert Hill | 26 November 2001  | 20 January 2006  | 4 years, 55 days
48  | Brendan Nelson MP | 20 January 2006  | 3 December 2007  | 1 year, 317 days
49  | Joel Fitzgibbon MP |  | Labor | Rudd | 3 December 2007  | 9 June 2009  | 1 year, 188 days
50  | Senator John Faulkner | 9 June 2009  | 24 June 2010  | 1 year, 97 days
Gillard | 24 June 2010  | 14 September 2010
51  | Stephen Smith MP | 14 September 2010  | 27 June 2013  | 3 years, 4 days
Rudd | 27 June 2013  | 18 September 2013
52  | Senator David Johnston |  | Liberal | Abbott | 18 September 2013  | 23 December 2014  | 1 year, 96 days
53  | Kevin Andrews MP | 23 December 2014  | 15 September 2015  | 272 days
Turnbull | 15 September 2015  | 21 September 2015
54  | Senator Marise Payne | 21 September 2015  | 24 August 2018  | 2 years, 341 days
Morrison | 24 August 2018  | 28 August 2018
55  | Christopher Pyne MP | 28 August 2018  | 26 May 2019  | 271 days
56  | Senator Linda Reynolds CSC | 29 May 2019  | 30 March 2021  | 1 year, 305 days
57  | Peter Dutton MP | 30 March 2021  | 23 May 2022  | 1 year, 54 days
58  | Richard Marles MP |  | Labor  | Albanese | 1 June 2022  | Incumbent  | 1 year, 274 days

## List of assistant ministers for defence[edit]

The following individuals have been appointed as Assistant Minister for Defence, or any of its precedent titles:[10]

Order  | Minister  | Party  | Prime Minister  | Title  | Term start  | Term end  | Term in office

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | Granville Ryrie MP[n 5] |  | Nationalist | Hughes | Assistant Minister for Defence  | 4 February 1920 (1920-02-04) | 5 February 1923 (1923-02-05) | 3 years, 1 day
2  | Josiah Francis |  | United Australia | Lyons | Assistant Minister for Defence  | 6 January 1932 (1932-01-06) | 12 October 1934 (1934-10-12) | 2 years, 279 days
3  | Reg Bishop |  | Labor  | Whitlam | Minister assisting the Minister for Defence  | 19 December 1972  | 12 June 1974  | 1 year, 175 days
4  | John McLeay |  | Liberal | Fraser | Minister assisting the Minister for Defence  | 22 December 1975  | 3 November 1980  | 4 years, 317 days
5  | Kevin Newman | 3 November 1980  | 7 May 1982  | 1 year, 185 days
6  | Bruce Scott |  | National | Howard | Minister assisting the Minister for Defence  | 21 October 1998  | 26 November 2001  | 3 years, 36 days
7  | Danna Vale |  | Liberal | 26 November 2001  | 7 October 2003  | 1 year, 315 days
8  | Mal Brough | 7 October 2003  | 18 July 2004  | 285 days
9  | Fran Bailey | 18 July 2004  | 22 October 2004  | 285 days
10  | De-Anne Kelly |  | National | 22 October 2004  | 27 January 2006  | 1 year, 97 days
11  | Bruce Billson |  | Liberal | 27 January 2006  | 3 December 2007  | 1 year, 310 days
12  | Stuart Robert |  | Liberal | Abbott | Assistant Minister for Defence  | 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) | 15 September 2015 (2015-09-15) | 2 years, 3 days
Turnbull | 15 September 2015 (2015-09-15) | 21 September 2015 (2015-09-21)
13  | Darren Chester |  | National | 21 September 2015 (2015-09-21) | 18 February 2016 (2016-02-18) | 150 days
14  | Michael McCormack | 18 February 2016 (2016-02-18) | 19 July 2016 (2016-07-19) | 152 days
15  | David Fawcett |  | Liberal | Morrison | Assistant Minister for Defence  | 26 August 2018 (2018-08-26) | 29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) | 276 days
16  | Alex Hawke | 29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) | 22 December 2020 (2020-12-22) | 1 year, 207 days
16  | Andrew Hastie | 22 December 2020 (2020-12-22) | 23 May 2022 (2022-05-23) | 1 year, 152 days
17  | Matt Thistlethwaite |  | Labor  | Albanese | 1 June 2022 (2022-06-01) | Incumbent | 1 year, 274 days

## Individual service branch ministers[edit]

### Ministers for the Navy[edit]

The following served as Minister for the Navy:[10]

Order  | Minister  | Party  | Prime Minister  | Term start  | Term end  | Term in office

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | Jens Jensen MP |  | Labor | Fisher | 12 July 1915  | 27 October 1915  | 1 year, 220 days
Hughes | 27 October 1915  | 14 November 1916
| National Labor | 14 November 1916  | 17 February 1917
2  | Joseph Cook MP |  | Commonwealth
Liberal[n 2] | 17 February 1917  | 13 June 1917  | 3 years, 162 days
| Nationalist | 13 June 1917  | 28 July 1920
3  | William Laird Smith MP | 28 July 1920  | 21 December 1921  | 1 year, 146 days
4  | Frederick Stewart MP |  | United
Australia | Menzies | 13 November 1939  | 14 March 1940  | 122 days
5  | Archie Cameron MP |  | Country | 14 March 1940  | 28 October 1940  | 228 days
6  | Billy Hughes MP |  | United
Australia | 28 October 1940  | 29 August 1941  | 344 days
Fadden | 29 August 1941  | 7 October 1941
7  | Norman Makin MP |  | Labor | Curtin | 7 October 1941  | 6 July 1945  | 4 years, 312 days
Forde | 6 July 1945  | 13 July 1945
Chifley | 13 July 1945  | 15 August 1946
8  | Arthur Drakeford MP | 15 August 1946  | 1 November 1946  | 78 days
9  | Bill Riordan MP | 1 November 1946  | 19 December 1949  | 3 years, 48 days
10  | Josiah Francis MP |  | Liberal | Menzies | 19 December 1949  | 11 May 1951  | 1 year, 143 days
11  | Philip McBride MP | 11 May 1951  | 17 July 1951  | 67 days
12  | William McMahon MP | 17 July 1951  | 9 July 1954  | 2 years, 357 days
(10)  | Josiah Francis MP | 9 July 1954  | 11 July 1955  | 1 year, 2 days
13  | Eric Harrison MP | 11 July 1955  | 11 January 1956  | 184 days
14  | Senator Neil O'Sullivan | 11 January 1956  | 24 October 1956  | 287 days
15  | Charles Davidson MP |  | Country | 24 October 1956  | 10 December 1958  | 2 years, 47 days
16  | Senator John Gorton |  | Liberal | 10 December 1958  | 18 December 1963  | 5 years, 8 days
17  | Jim Forbes MP | 18 December 1963  | 4 March 1964  | 77 days
18  | Fred Chaney, Sr. MP | 4 March 1964  | 26 January 1966  | 2 years, 285 days
Holt | 26 January 1966  | 14 December 1966
19  | Don Chipp MP | 14 December 1966  | 19 December 1967  | 1 year, 76 days
McEwen | 19 December 1967  | 10 January 1968
Gorton | 10 January 1968  | 28 February 1968
20  | Bert Kelly MP | 28 February 1968  | 12 November 1969  | 1 year, 257 days
21  | James Killen MP | 12 November 1969  | 10 March 1971  | 1 year, 130 days
McMahon | 10 March 1971  | 22 March 1971
22  | Malcolm Mackay MP | 22 March 1971  | 5 December 1972  | 1 year, 258 days
23  | Lance Barnard MP |  | Labor | Whitlam | 5 December 1972  | 30 November 1973  | 360 days

### Ministers for the Army[edit]

The following served as Minister for the Army:[10]

Order  | Minister  | Party  | Prime Minister  | Term start  | Term end  | Term in office

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | Geoffrey Street MP |  | United
Australia | Menzies | 13 November 1939  | 28 October 1940  | 350 days
2  | Senator Percy Spender | 28 October 1940  | 29 August 1941  | 344 days
Fadden | 29 August 1941  | 7 October 1941
3  | Frank Forde MP |  | Labor | Curtin | 7 October 1941  | 6 July 1945  | 5 years, 25 days
Forde | 6 July 1945  | 13 July 1945
Chifley | 13 July 1945  | 1 November 1946
4  | Cyril Chambers MP | 1 November 1946  | 19 December 1949  | 3 years, 48 days
5  | Josiah Francis MP |  | Liberal | Menzies | 19 December 1949  | 7 November 1955  | 5 years, 323 days
6  | Eric Harrison MP | 7 November 1955  | 28 February 1956  | 113 days
7  | John Cramer MP | 28 February 1956  | 18 December 1963  | 7 years, 293 days
8  | Jim Forbes MP | 18 December 1963  | 26 January 1966  | 2 years, 39 days
9  | Malcolm Fraser MP | Holt | 26 January 1966  | 19 December 1967  | 2 years, 33 days
McEwen | 19 December 1967  | 10 January 1968
Gorton | 10 January 1968  | 28 February 1968
10  | Phillip Lynch MP | 28 February 1968  | 12 November 1969  | 1 year, 257 days
11  | Andrew Peacock MP | 12 November 1969  | 10 March 1971  | 2 years, 82 days
McMahon | 10 March 1971  | 2 February 1972
12  | Bob Katter, Sr. MP |  | Country | 2 February 1972  | 5 December 1972  | 309 days
13  | Lance Barnard MP |  | Labor | Whitlam | 5 December 1972  | 30 November 1973  | 360 days

### Ministers for Air[edit]

The following served as Minister for Air:[10]

Order  | Minister  | Party  | Prime Minister  | Term start  | Term end  | Term in office

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | James Fairbairn MP |  | United
Australia | Menzies | 13 November 1939  | 13 August 1940  | 274 days
2  | Arthur Fadden MP |  | Country | 14 August 1940  | 28 October 1940  | 75 days
3  | John McEwen MP | 28 October 1940  | 29 August 1941  | 344 days
Fadden | 29 August 1941  | 7 October 1941
4  | Arthur Drakeford MP |  | Labor | Curtin | 7 October 1941  | 6 July 1945  | 8 years, 73 days
Forde | 6 July 1945  | 13 July 1945
Chifley | 13 July 1945  | 19 December 1949
5  | Thomas White MP |  | Liberal | Menzies | 19 December 1949  | 11 May 1951  | 1 year, 143 days
6  | Philip McBride MP | 11 May 1951  | 17 July 1951  | 67 days
7  | William McMahon MP | 17 July 1951  | 9 July 1954  | 2 years, 357 days
8  | Athol Townley MP | 9 July 1954  | 24 October 1956  | 2 years, 107 days
9  | Frederick Osborne MP | 24 October 1956  | 29 December 1960  | 4 years, 66 days
10  | Senator Harrie Wade | 29 December 1960  | 22 December 1961  | 358 days
11  | Les Bury MP | 22 December 1961  | 27 July 1962  | 217 days
12  | David Fairbairn MP | 27 July 1962  | 10 June 1964  | 1 year, 319 days
13  | Peter Howson MP | 10 June 1964  | 26 January 1966  | 3 years, 263 days
Holt | 26 January 1966  | 19 December 1967
McEwen | 19 December 1967  | 10 January 1968
Gorton | 10 January 1968  | 28 February 1968
14  | Gordon Freeth MP | 28 February 1968  | 13 February 1969  | 351 days
15  | Dudley Erwin MP | 13 February 1969  | 12 November 1969  | 272 days
16  | Senator Tom Drake-Brockman |  | Country | 12 November 1969  | 10 March 1971  | 3 years, 23 days
McMahon | 10 March 1971  | 5 December 1972
17  | Lance Barnard MP |  | Labor | Whitlam | 5 December 1972  | 30 November 1973  | 360 days

## See also[edit]

* Australia portal
* Politics portal

* Department of Defence (Australia)
* Department of Munitions (11 June 1940 — April 1948)
* Minister for Defence Industry
* Minister for Defence Personnel
* Minister for Veterans' Affairs (Australia)
* Defence Estate and Infrastructure Group

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Although McBride served the longest continuously, Pearce had the longest combined service at more than 13 years, and as a member of four parties (Labor, National Labor, Nationalist, and UAP).
2. ^ a b The Liberal and National Labor parties approved a coalition agreement on 13 February 1917,[11] and the new ministry was sworn on 17 February 1917.[12] The parties co-ordinated their campaign against Labor at the 1917 election,[13] and while there was some discussion of the two parties remaining separate,[14] they formally merged on 13 June 1917.[15]
3. ^ The Parliamentary Handbook erroneously records Massy-Greene as Assistant Minister for Defence from 1921 to 1923. He was in fact the Minister for Defence.[16] He retained responsibility for Health, which he had held as Minister for Trade and Customs,[17] and was consequently titled Minister for Defence and Health.[18]
4. ^ a b On 13 November 1939, early in the Second World War, Menzies divided the Defence portfolio into separate Army, Navy and Air portfolios and appointed himself Minister for Defence Coordination to oversee them.[10] Curtin retained this arrangement, but he reverted to the title Minister for Defence on 21 September 1943.[10]
5. ^ The Parliamentary Handbook erroneously records that Ryrie ceased to be Assistant Minister for Defence, being replaced by Massy-Greene. In fact, Massy-Greene was appointed Minister for Defence, and Ryrie remained in post.[18][19]

## References[edit]

1. ^ "2018 Parliamentary remuneration and business resources: a quick guide". Parliament of Australia. 6 September 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
2. ^ Ministers, Department of Defence (19 April 2019). "Department of Defence Ministers". www.minister.defence.gov.au. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
3. ^ PMC, AG. "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act". www.legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
4. ^ "Requirements for Annual Reports" (PDF). Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
5. ^ "Federal Register of Legislation - Australian Government". www.legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
6. ^ Elder, DR; Fowler, PE, eds. (June 2018). "Chapter 2: The Ministry". House of Representatives Practice (7th ed.). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. ISBN 978-1-74366-656-2. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
7. ^ "Defence policy". www.australia.gov.au. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
8. ^ "2016 Defence White Paper". Australian Government, Department of Defence. 2016.
9. ^ The Department of Munitions was created during World War II, and existed between 11 June 1940 and April 1948.
10. ^ a b c d e f g Australian Parliamentary Library. "Ministries and Cabinets". Parliamentary Handbook (32nd ed.). Retrieved 6 September 2013.
11. ^ "The National Government: Agreement Reached". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 14 February 1917. p. 7. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
12. ^ "'Win the War' Party". Morning Bulletin. Rockhampton, Qld. 7 April 1917. p. 9. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
13. ^ "'Fusion' Campaign: Joint Committee to Fight Labor". Daily Herald. Adelaide. 4 April 1917. p. 5. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
14. ^ "Fawkner's New Member, Mr. Maxwell's Resolution". The Argus. Melbourne. 13 June 1917. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
15. ^ "'Straight Ahead' for Nationalists". The Daily News. Perth. 14 June 1917. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
16. ^ "The Federal Cabinet". Geraldton Guardian. Geraldton, WA. 22 December 1921. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
17. ^ "Reconstructed Cabinet: Mr Massy Greene's Responsibilities". Daily Herald. Adelaide. 26 December 1921. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
18. ^ a b Billy Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia (28 June 1922). "Parliamentary Debate". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Commonwealth of Australia: House of Representatives.
19. ^ "Federal Reshuffle". The Brisbane Courier. 23 December 1921. p. 3. Retrieved 25 September 2013.

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