Mirpur, Azad Kashmir

City in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan-administered Kashmir

For other places with the name, see Mirpur (disambiguation).

City administered by Pakistan

Mirpur

میرپور

City administered by Pakistan

New Mirpur City

Clockwise from the top:
Mirpur City, Ramkot Fort, Panoramic view of the city, Tomb of Mian Muhammad Bakhsh,

Nickname:

Little England

Interactive map of Mirpur

A map showing Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir shaded in sage in the disputed Kashmir region[1]

Coordinates: 33°9′N 73°44′E﻿ / ﻿33.150°N 73.733°E﻿ / 33.150; 73.733
Administering country| Pakistan
Territory| Azad Kashmir
Division| Mirpur
District| Mirpur
Government

• Type| Municipal Corporation
• Body| Mirpur Development Authority
• Mayor| Usman Ali Khalid (PTI)
• Deputy Mayor| Ramzan Chughtai (PTI)
• Deputy Commissioner| Ch. Amjad Iqbal BPS-18(PAS)
• District Police Officer| Raja Irfan Salim BPS-18(PSP)
Elevation

| 458 m (1,503 ft)
Population

(2017)[2]

• City

| 124,352
• Rank| 74th, Pakistan
Languages

• Official| Urdu[3][4][note 1]
• Spoken|

* Pahari-Pothwari/Punjabi
* Gojri
* Urdu
* Kashmiri
* English

Time zone| UTC+5 (PKT)
Calling code| 05827
Number of Tehsils| 3
Number of Union councils| 21

Mirpur (Potwari: مرپر [mɪɾˈpəɾᵊ]; Urdu: ميرپور [miːɾˈpuːɾ]), officially known as New Mirpur City (Urdu: نیا میرپر شہر, romanized: nayā mīrpur shèher), is the capital of Mirpur district located in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.[1] It is the second largest city of Azad Kashmir and the 74th largest city in Pakistan.[5]

A significant portion of the population from the district, the Mirpuri diaspora, migrated to the United Kingdom in the mid-to-late 1950s and in the early 1960s, mostly to West Yorkshire, East and West Midlands, Greater Manchester, Birmingham, Luton, Peterborough, Derby, Newcastle, Middlesbrough, Sheffield, East London and other parts of England. Mirpur is thus sometimes known as "Little England".[6] Many British products are found, and many shops in the city accept the pound sterling.[7]

## History

[edit]

The city of Mirpur itself was founded in around 1640 AD or 1050 AH by the local Ghakhar chief Miran Shah Ghazi during Mughal rule. The Imperial Gazetteer of India Provincial Series Kashmir and Jammu (1909) reports that "it is said to have been founded by Miran Shah Ghazi and Sultan Fateh Khan." An alternate view is that the city was founded by Mira Shah Gazi and Gosain Bodhpuri, both regarded as saints. The word 'Mir' was taken from the name of the former and 'Pur’ from the latter.[8]

The area that is now Mirpur has been historically associated with Pothohar region of Northern Punjab, though the modern demarcation of Pothohar devised by the British excludes Mirpur, by using the Jhelum River as its eastern boundary. By the end of the 18th century, Gakhar power in Pothohar had declined. Mirpur had become part of Chibb, which ruled the state of Khari Khariyali with its capital located at Mangla Fort. With the rise of the Sikh power in the Punjab, Maharaja Ranjit Singh established his position and set his eyes to the north on the Chibh states of Bhimber and Khari Khariyali. In 1810, a force was sent against Raja Sultan Khan of Bhimber and was met with fierce resistance causing the Sikhs and their Dogra allies to retreat. However, in 1812 another Sikh army under prince Kharak Singh defeated Raja Sultan Khan, and the Bhimber state was annexed as Jagir of Kharak Singh. Around the same time, Ranjit Singh acquired Gujrat and invaded Khari Khariyali, then ruled by Raja Umar Khan. Exhausted by conflict, Raja Umar Khan made peace with Ranjit Singh; but before a settlement could be made, he died, and the state and Mirpur ultimately became part of Ranjit Singh's territories.[9]

In 1808, Ranjit Singh annexed Jammu state, which was already a tributary since 1780, and in 1820 awarded Jammu to his commander Gulab Singh, who hailed from Jammu and had been under the service of Ranjit Singh for the past eight years. Between 1831 and 1839 Ranjit Singh bestowed on Gulab Singh the royalty of the salt mines in northern Punjab, and the northern Punjab towns including Bhera, Jhelum, Rohtas and Gujrat. Gulab Singh kept on expanding his kingdom, and in 1840 Baltistan was made subject to Jammu while Gilgit fell to a Sikh force from Kashmir in 1842. The state of Kashmir was annexed by Ranjit Singh in 1819. However, the rebellion in Hazara in the beginning of 1846 compelled the country to be transferred to Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu as well.[9]

Ranjit Singh had given Poonch, Mirpur and Bhimber as a Jagir to Gulab Singh's younger brother Dhian Singh. However, in 1843 Dhian Singh died and Gulab Singh considered these areas now part of his territory. Though he wasn't able to establish full control due to resistances.[10] As an aftermath of the First Anglo-Sikh War and the Treaty of Lahore, The Treaty of Amritsar was signed between the British East India company and Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu on March 16, 1846. The British Government sold Kashmir to the Raja of Jammu for 75 lakhs Nanak Shahi Rupees. This treaty transferred him all the hill states between Ravi and Indus. The transfer included Kashmir, Hazara and the southern hill states including the former Khari Khariyali, thus sealing the fate of Mirpur with the new state of Jammu and Kashmir.[9]

### Early Mirpur

[edit]

Since Mirpur lies in between where the Jhelum River meets the heavily forested foothills of the Pir Panjal mountains and above the plains of the largely treeless Punjab, it was an ideal spot for the construction of the boats used to carry goods from the Himalayas down the five rivers of the Punjab to the Indus River and onto the seaports in the Indus delta. Traders have been operating from there across the Indian Ocean for over three thousand years. Most of the crew on the boats trading up and down the Punjab and Indus River system were drawn from Mirpur, as training as a boat-builder was a necessary prerequisite for becoming a boatman.[11]

### British Dominion

[edit]

During the modern period of the Dogra principality, a British dominion, the thriving river trade diminished due to the construction of railway lines from Bombay and Karachi into the interior of the Punjab.[12]

### Independence and War

[edit]

The city was part of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir led by Maharaja Hari Singh, which chose to remain independent after the Partition of India. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 Mirpur was captured by the local rebels and tribal forces along with local intervention on 25 November 1947 and became part of Azad Kashmir.

## Geography

[edit]

Mirpur lies at the foothills of the Himalayas mountain range of an altitude of 648 metres or 2,126 feet above sea level and is linked with the main Peshawar-Lahore Grand Trunk Road at Dina Tehsil. It is the headquarters of Mirpur District, which has two subdivisions: Mirpur and Dudial.[13]

## Climate

[edit]

Mirpur has a humid subtropical climate.[14] The average annual temperature is 25.1 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1,380 millimetres or 54.3 inches. Since it is in the extreme south of Jammu and Kashmir, the city has a climate that is extremely hot during summer, making it very similar to the Pakistani areas of Jehlum and Gujar Khan.

Climate data for Mirpur, Azad Kashmir

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 18.8
(65.8)  | 21.4
(70.5)  | 27.8
(82.0)  | 33.9
(93.0)  | 39.2
(102.6)  | 41.0
(105.8)  | 37.0
(98.6)  | 34.5
(94.1)  | 34.3
(93.7)  | 31.4
(88.5)  | 26.8
(80.2)  | 21.1
(70.0)  | 30.6
(87.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 3.9
(39.0)  | 6.1
(43.0)  | 10.1
(50.2)  | 13.8
(56.8)  | 19.4
(66.9)  | 23.4
(74.1)  | 27.4
(81.3)  | 27.6
(81.7)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 18.5
(65.3)  | 10.3
(50.5)  | 4.2
(39.6)  | 15.9
(60.7)
Average rainfall mm (inches)  | 78
(3.1)  | 142
(5.6)  | 139
(5.5)  | 98
(3.9)  | 44
(1.7)  | 98
(3.9)  | 281
(11.1)  | 270
(10.6)  | 104
(4.1)  | 38
(1.5)  | 36
(1.4)  | 48
(1.9)  | 1,376
(54.3)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5  | 7  | 8  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 19  | 20  | 11  | 4  | 2  | 3  | 103
Average relative humidity (%)  | 66  | 64  | 57  | 45  | 35  | 43  | 71  | 78  | 70  | 57  | 58  | 62  | 59
Source 1: [15]
Source 2: [16]

## Industry

[edit]

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The government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir has successfully developed Mirpur industrially and promoted private investment in a diverse economy: foam, polypropylene, synthetic yarn, motorbikes and scooter, textile, vegetable oil (ghee), wood and sawmills, soap, cosmetics, marble, ready-made garments, matches and rosin, turpentine. The economy of Mirpur generated economy of Azad Kashmir. However, much of the infrastructure still needs improvement so that high-quality products can be obtained.

As part of the relief/compensation package in the wake of Mangla Dam, a new city is being developed along the southeastern outskirts of Mirpur, with the main city of Mirpur being doubled. Much construction is occurring around the whole district by Pakistani and Chinese contractors, raising the dam. Four towns in the district have been planned near the new city to resettle the population affected by the project.

## Education

[edit]

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English is common in educational institutes.[citation needed] Previously, the University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir was the only institution for higher studies but there have been significant changes in the educational infrastructure. The Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), the Akson College of Health Science and the Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College have been formed.

The AJK Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Mirpur is responsible for the studies at lower levels. In addition to the state-run schools and colleges, Mirpur has a well-developed private sector providing the education to all sections of the society:

Other notable colleges and schools include:

* The City School
* Mohi ud Din Islamic Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
* Punjab College, Mirpur
* Roots Millennium Schools
* Beaconhouse School System

## Sport

[edit]

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Football, cricket and volleyball are popular in Mirpur. Mirpur has a cricket stadium, Quaid-e-Azam Stadium.

There are registered sports clubs: Al-Fatah Cricket Club is one of the top clubs in the city which is among the top 10 Clubs of Pakistan. Other clubs include Eagle star Cricket Club, South Asia Cricket Club. Notable cricketers include Zaman Khan who plays for Lahore Qalandars in Pakistan Super League, Hassan Raza who has represented Pakistan in U-19 world Cup and Shadab Khan who is also playing for Northerns in Quiad Azam Trophy.

Pilot Football Club, Youth Football Club and Kashmir National FC. The district football team of Mirpur take part in the All Azad Jammu and Kashmir football championships.

## Transport

[edit]

Auto rickshaws are very popular mode of transport for short routes within the city. The city's transport system links it to a number of destinations in Azad Kashmir notably Bhimber, Jatlan, Chakswari, Dadyal, Kotli and Khoi Ratta and to major cities in Pakistan as well as including services to Gujrat, Jhelum, Kharian, Gujranwala, Lahore and Rawalpindi.

There is no railway station in Mirpur. The closest station is in Dina. The promise of a rail extension to Mirpur has not been fulfilled.[17][self-published source?]

Islamabad Airport, which services the Mirpur region, is 130 km away. Sialkot International Airport is 110 kilometres away. An international airport has been planned. The location of the airport has not been determined, but possible locations near Mirpur are Mangla, Jatlan and Bhalwhara.[citation needed] In August 2013, the National Assembly and the prime minister approved the airport. It was determined that the airport would be constructed in two years after funding.[18]

## Demographics

[edit]

According to the 2017 census, Mirpur had a population of 124,352.[19] Mirpur's original population comprises different tribes similar to that of Punjab. However, since 1947, residents from the neighbouring Rajouri and Poonch districts of the Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir have largely settled in the Mirpur city and the surrounding areas. The bulk of the Mirpuri diaspora resides in England.[20]

### Hindu and Sikh communities

[edit]

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Main article: 1947 Mirpur Massacre

Before the Kashmir War in 1947, the Mirpur District had about 75,000 Hindu and Sikhs, who made the majority population of Mirpur city and amounted upto 20 percent of the population of the district.[21] A great majority of them lived in the principal towns of Mirpur, Kotli and Bhimber. Many Hindu and Sikh refugees from the Potohar region of Northern Punjab had taken refuge in Mirpur town, causing the non-Muslim population to increase by 25,000. On 25 November 1947, during the 1947 Jammu massacres tribesmen and Pakistani military members attacked and seized the city. Of the minority population, only about 2,500 Hindus or Sikhs escaped to the Jammu and Kashmir along with the State Forces. The remainder were marched to Alibeg, where a gurdwara was converted into a prison camp, but the raiders killed 20,000 of the captives along the way and abducted 5,000 women. Only about 5,000 made it to Alibeg, but they continued to be killed at a gradual pace by the captors. In March 1948, the ICRC rescued 1,600 of the survivors from Alibeg, who were resettled to Jammu and other areas of India.[22][23][24][25][26][self-published source?]

## Landmarks

[edit]

There are the following places of interest:

* Khari Sharif Darbar
* Mangla Dam
* Mangla Fort
* Ramkot Fort

## Notable people

[edit]

* Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed – former Member of the British House of Lords[27]
* Rehman Chisti, Member of British Parliament.
* Khalid Mahmood, Member of British Parliament
* Mohammad Yasin MP – British Member of Parliament for Bedford
* Mian Muhammad Bakhsh – Sufi saint, Poet
* Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry – politician, President of Azad Kashmir since 2021
* Zaman Khan – cricketer
* Chaudhry Abdul Majid – politician who served as the Prime Minister of Azad Jammu and Kashmir from 2011 to 2016
* Afaq Raheem – first-class Pakistani cricketer
* Baba Shadi Shaheed – Sufi saint
* Jamil Rahmat Vance – Retired Two Star General of Pakistan Army
* Krishan Dev Sethi\- Social Leader, Political Leader, Activist for Abolition of Interest based lending in Jammu & Kashmir

## Friendship cities

[edit]

Mirpur has friendly relations with:

* Birmingham, England, United Kingdom[28]
* Bradford, England, United Kingdom[29]
*   *   * London, England, United Kingdom[30]

## See also

[edit]

* British Mirpuri community
* Chowk Shaheedan
* Maqbool Butt
* Mirpur Development Authority (MDA)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Snedden (2013, p. 176): On p. 29, the census report states that Urdu is the official language of the government of Azad Kashmir, with Kashmiri, Pahari, Gojri, Punjabi, Kohistani, Pushto, and Sheena 'frequently spoken in Azad Kashmir'. When surveyed about their 'mother tongue', Azad Kashmiris' choices were limited to selecting from Pakistan's major languages: Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushto, Balochi, and 'others'; 2.18 million of Azad Kashmir's 2.97 million people chose 'others'.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (e), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (j) below).
(a) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";
(b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
(c) "Kashmir", Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6 C. E Bosworth, the University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";
(d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
(e) Talbot, Ian (2016), A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas, Yale University Press, pp. 28–29, ISBN 978-0-300-19694-828-29&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-300-19694-8&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNg_CwAAQBAJ&pg;=PA28&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Mirpur,+Azad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"> Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";
(f) Skutsch, Carl (2015) [2007], "China: Border War with India, 1962", in Ciment, James (ed.), Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II (2nd ed.), London and New York: Routledge, p. 573, ISBN 978-0-7656-8005-1, "The situation between the two nations was complicated by the 1957–1959 uprising by Tibetans against Chinese rule. Refugees poured across the Indian border, and the Indian public was outraged. Any compromise with China on the border issue became impossible. Similarly, China was offended that India had given political asylum to the Dalai Lama when he fled across the border in March 1959. In late 1959, there were shots fired between border patrols operating along both the ill-defined McMahon Line and in the Aksai Chin."
(g) Clary, Christopher (2022), The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 109, ISBN 9780197638408, "Territorial Dispute: The situation along the Sino-Indian frontier continued to worsen. In late July (1959), an Indian reconnaissance patrol was blocked, "apprehended," and eventually expelled after three weeks in custody at the hands of a larger Chinese force near Khurnak Fort in Aksai Chin. ... Circumstances worsened further in October 1959, when a major class at Kongka Pass in eastern Ladakh led to nine dead and ten captured Indian border personnel, making it by far the most serious Sino-Indian class since India's independence."
(h) Bose, Sumantra (2009), Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, pp. 294, 291, 293, ISBN 978-0-674-02855-5 Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."
(i) Fisher, Michael H. (2018), An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, p. 166, ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2 Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";
(j) Snedden, Christopher (2015), Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Oxford University Press, p. 10, ISBN 978-1-84904-621-3 Quote:"Some politicised terms also used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'."
2. ^ "Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Districts, Cities & Towns – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
3. ^ "Kashmir". 5 June 2024.
4. ^ Rahman 1996, p. 226.
5. ^ Snedden, Christopher (2017), Zutshi, Chitralekha (ed.), "Azad Kashmir: Integral to India, Integrated into Pakistan, Lacking Integrity as an Autonomous Entity", Kashmir: History, Politics, Representation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 113–131, ISBN 978-1-107-18197-7, retrieved 2024-01-17113-131&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-107-18197-7&rft.aulast=Snedden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/kashmir/azad-kashmir-integral-to-india-integrated-into-pakistan-lacking-integrity-as-an-autonomous-entity/50A9E61924200181B83B888C901A3A0F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Mirpur,+Azad+Kashmir" class="Z3988">
6. ^ Maqbool, Aleem (March 5, 2012). "How city of Mirpur became 'Little England'". BBC News. "The city of Mirpur, in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, is known as "Little England" due to its large British Pakistani community."
7. ^ "Inside Pakistan's 'Little Britain' as overseas nationals get vote". BBC News. 4 March 2012.
8. ^ "Azad Kashmir – Kashmiri Development Foundation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2014-01-17.
9. ^ a b c History of Panjab Hill States, Hutchison, Vogel 1933
10. ^ Lone, Fauzia. "Dr". BBC News اردو. BBC. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
11. ^ Ballard, Roger (2003), "The South Asian presence in Britain and its transnational connections" (PDF), Culture and economy in the Indian diaspora, pp. 197–222197-222&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Ballard&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http://crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/250/1/southasianbritain.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Mirpur,+Azad+Kashmir" class="Z3988">
12. ^ Halder, Tamoghna. "Kashmir's struggle did not start in 1947 and will not end today". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
13. ^ "AJ&K Map - Government of the State of Azad Jammu & Kashmir". ajk.gov.pk. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
14. ^ Peel, M.C.; Finlayson, B.L.; McMahon, T.A. (2007-10-11). "Updated Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11: 1633–1644\. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. S2CID 9654551.1633-1644&rft.date=2007-10-11&rft_id=info:doi/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9654551#id-name=S2CID&rft.aulast=Peel&rft.aufirst=M.C.&rft.au=Finlayson,+B.L.&rft.au=McMahon,+T.A.&rft_id=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Mirpur,+Azad+Kashmir" class="Z3988">
15. ^ "Mirpur climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Mirpur weather averages - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org.
16. ^ "Climate chart of Chiniot". My Weather. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
17. ^ Choudhry, Dr Shabir (2017-01-18). Kashmir Dispute, Pakistan and the Un Resolutions. AuthorHouse. ISBN 9781524667818.[self-published source]
18. ^ "AJK: International Airport to be constructed in Mirpur, says Majeed". GlobalPost. 2013-04-09. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-13.
19. ^ "Statistical Year Book 2019" (PDF). Statistics Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
20. ^ Moss, Paul (30 November 2006). "The limits to integration". BBC News. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
21. ^ Snedden 2013, p. 28.
22. ^ Snedden 2013, p. 56.
23. ^ Puri, Across the Line of Control 2013, p. 30.
24. ^ Hassan, Khalid (16 March 2007). "Mirpur 1947 – the untold story". Khalid Hasan Online. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved 2015-08-13.
25. ^ Gupta, Prakriiti (8 May 2010). "Horrific Tales: Over 3,00,000 Hindus, Sikhs from PoK still fighting for their acceptance". Uday India. Archived from the original on September 8, 2011. Retrieved 2015-08-13.
26. ^ Bhagotra, Raj Kumar (2013), "Escape from death seven times", in Bal K. Gupta (ed.), Forgotten Atrocities: Memoirs of a Survivor of the 1947 Partition of India, Lulu.com, pp. 123–125, ISBN 978-1-257-91419-7123-125&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-257-91419-7&rft.aulast=Bhagotra&rft.aufirst=Raj+Kumar&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2BIAwAAQBAJ&pg;=PA123&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Mirpur,+Azad+Kashmir" class="Z3988">[self-published source]
27. ^ "Pak Backer In UK Parliament Allegedly Had Sex With Women Who Sought Help". NDTV.com.
28. ^ Partner Cities – Birmingham City Council Archived 2010-09-18 at the Wayback Machine. Birmingham.gov.uk (2009-08-13). Retrieved on 2011-12-17.
29. ^ Life in the Community. Bradford Metropolitan District Council
30. ^ [1] Waltham Forest – Town Twinning.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Puri, Luv (2013), Across the Line of Control: Inside Azad Kashmir, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-80084-6
* Rahman, Tariq (1996). Language and politics in Pakistan. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-577692-8.
* Snedden, Christopher (2013) [first published as The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir, 2012], Kashmir: The Unwritten History, HarperCollins India, ISBN 978-9350298985

## External links

[edit]

* Government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
* BBC News: Inside Pakistan's 'Little Britain'

* v
* t
* e

Azad Kashmir topics

Capital: Muzaffarabad

History|

* History of Kashmir
* History of Azad Kashmir
* Dynasties of ancient Kashmir
* Sayyid Dynasty
* Mughal Empire
* Durrani Empire
* Sikh Empire

Modern history|

* British East India Company
* Princely state of Jammu and Kashmir
* Poonch jagir
* British Raj
* Kashmir Committee
* 1931 agitation
* Partition of India
* 1947 Poonch Rebellion
* First Kashmir War
* Kashmir conflict
* Timeline of the Kashmir conflict
* Indo-Pakistani wars
* Line of Control
* Shaksgam tract
* Simla Agreement
* Kashmir insurgency
* Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
* Hizbul Mujahideen
* Kashmir Solidarity Day
* Kashmir earthquake

Government and politics|

* Karachi Agreement
* Interim Constitution
* Presidents
* Prime Ministers
* Ministry of Kashmir Affairs
* Legislative Assembly
* Flag
* Anthem
* Seal

Culture and places|

* Kashmiris (List)
* Language
* Cuisine
* Music
* Literature
* Ethnic groups of Azad Kashmir
* Diaspora
* Kashmiriyat

Geography|

* Districts
* Cities
* Pothohar Plateau
* Poonch River
* Neelum River
* Chicken's Neck (Pakistan)
* Line of Control

Districts|

* Bhimber
* Kotli
* Mirpur
* Muzaffarabad
* Hattian Bala
* Neelam
* Poonch
* Haveli
* Bagh
* Sudhanoti

Cities & Town|

* Muzaffarabad
* Mirpur
* Rawalakot
* Bagh
* Kotli
* Pallandri
* Bhimber
* Hattian Bala
* Alibeg

Economy|

* Mangla Dam
* Remittances to Azad Kashmir
* Japan International Cooperation Agency

Education|

* Mirpur University of Science and Technology
* University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir
* University of Poonch
* Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh
* Al-Khair University
* Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University

Sport|

* Quaid-e-Azam Stadium
* Bagh stadium

Others|

* Mughal Road
* Human rights abuses
* UN mediation of Kashmir

* v
* t
* e

Major cities in Pakistan

Islamabad Capital Territory|

* Islamabad*

Punjab|

* Attock
* Bahawalpur
* Burewala
* Chakwal
* Chiniot
* Dera Ghazi Khan
* Faisalabad
* Gujar Khan
* Gujranwala
* Gujrat
* Jhang
* Jhelum
* Kasur
* Khanewal
* Kharian
* Lahore**
* Mandi Bahauddin
* Mianwali
* Multan
* Murree
* Okara
* Rahim Yar Khan
* Rawalpindi
* Sadiqabad
* Sahiwal
* Sargodha
* Sheikhupura
* Sialkot
* Taxila
* Toba Tek Singh
* Talagang

Sindh|

* Badin
* Hyderabad
* Jacobabad
* Karachi**
* Khairpur
* Kotri
* Larkana
* Mirpur Khas
* Nawabshah
* Sukkur
* Thatta

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|

* Abbottabad
* Bannu
* Battagram
* Chitral
* Charsadda
* D.I.Khan
* Haripur
* Kohat
* Mansehra
* Mardan
* Nowshera
* Peshawar**
* Swat
* Swabi
* Timergara
* Tank

Balochistan|

* Chaman
* Gwadar
* Khuzdar
* Quetta**
* Ziarat

Azad Kashmir|

* Bagh
* Bhimber
* Kotli
* Mirpur
* Muzaffarabad**
* Rawalakot

Gilgit-Baltistan|

* Gilgit**
* Skardu

*Federal capital **Provincial/Territorial capitals

* v
* t
* e

Tehsils of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Mirpur|

| Bhimber District|

* Bhimber
* Barnala
* Samahni

|

Kotli|

* Kotli
* Khuiratta
* Fatehpur Thakiala (Nakyal)
* Sehnsa
* Charhoi

|

Mirpur|

* Dadyal
* Mirpur
* Tehsil Chakswari

|

Muzaffarabad|

| Jhelum Valley District|

* Hattian Bala
* Chikkar
* Leepa

|

Muzaffarabad|

* Muzaffarabad
* Patehka (Nasirabad)
* Garhi Dopatta

|

Neelum Valley|

* Athmuqam
* Sharda

|

Poonch|

| Bagh|

* Bagh
* Dhirkot
* Hari Gehal

|

Haveli|

* Haveli (Forward Kahuta)
* Khurshid Abad
* Mumtazabad

|

Poonch|

* Abbaspur
* Hajira
* Rawalakot
* Thorar

|

Sudhnoti|

* Baloch
* Mang
* Pallandri
* Tarar Khel

|

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