Monacha cartusiana

Species of gastropod

Monacha cartusiana

Two live individuals of Monacha cartusiana on a human hand

Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  |

Animalia

Phylum:  |

Mollusca

Class:  |

Gastropoda

(unranked):  |

clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
informal group Sigmurethra

Superfamily:  |

Helicoidea

Family:  |

Hygromiidae

Subfamily:  |

Monachainae

Genus:  |

Monacha

Species:  |

M. cartusiana

Binomial name
Monacha cartusiana

(O. F. Müller, 1774)[2]

Synonyms

* Helix (Fruticicola) cartusiana O. F. Müller, 1774 (unaccepted combination)
* Helix (Zenobia) bimarginata Gray, 1821 (junior synonym)
* Helix cartusiana Müller, 1774
* Helix cartusiana var. depressa Caziot, 1909 (invalid; preoccupied)
* Monacha (Monacha) cartusiana (O. F. Müller, 1774)· accepted, alternate representation

Monacha cartusiana is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.[3]

This is the type species of the genus Monacha.

## Distribution[edit]

Monacha cartusiana

The native distribution of this species is Atlantic-Mediterranean.[4] It lives in various areas including:

* Great Britain. This species was fully protected in the United Kingdom under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 from 1981 to 1988.[5]
* Ukraine[6]

This species has been accidentally introduced and naturalized in:

* United States - Newcastle County, Delaware[7]

## Life cycle[edit]

The size of the egg is 1.8 mm.[8]

## References[edit]

1. ^ Neubert, E. (2011). "Monacha cartusiana". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2011: e.T157222A5056149. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T157222A5056149.en.
2. ^ Müller, O. F. 1774. Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volumen alterum. pp. I-XXVI [= 1-36], 1-214, [1-10]. Havniae & Lipsiae. (Heineck & Faber).
3. ^ Helix cartusiana var. depressa Caziot, 1909 (invalid; preoccupied) Monacha (Monacha) cartusiana (O. F. Müller, 1774)· accepted, alternate representation
4. ^ (in Slovak) Lisický M. J. (1991). Mollusca Slovenska [The Slovak molluscs]. VEDA vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava, 344 pp.
5. ^ Protection for wild animals on Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981. website accessed 7 August 2009.
6. ^ Balashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. 2012. An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine. Journal of Conchology. 41 (1): 91-109.
7. ^ Robinson, D.G. & J. Slapcinsky. 2005. Recent introductions of alien land snails into North America. American Malacological Bulletin 20:89-93.
8. ^ Heller J.: Life History Strategies. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited page: 428.

* Provoost, S.; Bonte, D. (Ed.) (2004). Animated dunes: a view of biodiversity at the Flemish coast [Levende duinen: een overzicht van de biodiversiteit aan de Vlaamse kust]. Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Natuurbehoud, 22. Instituut voor Natuurbehoud: Brussel, Belgium. ISBN 90-403-0205-7. 416, ill., appendices pp.
* Sysoev, A. V. & Schileyko, A. A. (2009). Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. Sofia/Moskva (Pensoft). 312 pp., 142 plates.
* Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A. (2018). A new genus Zenobiellina for Helix subrufescens Miller, 1822 (Hygromiidae), with description of a new congeneric species from northern Spain. Iberus. 36 (2): 133-147

## External links[edit]

* Müller, O. F. (1774). Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusorium, Helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. vol 2: I-XXXVI, 1-214, 10 unnumbered pages. Havniae et Lipsiae, apud Heineck et Faber, ex officina Molleriana
* Gray, J. E. (1821). A natural arrangement of Mollusca, according to their internal structure. London Medical Repository. 15 (87): 229–239
* Caziot, E. (1909). Description d'espèces nouvelles de mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du département des Alpes-Maritimes. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France. 34: 87-95, 99-104.

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q1734674
* BioLib: 2914
* BOLD: 404685
* CoL: 43ZGN
* EoL: 4906121
* EPPO: MNACCA
* EUNIS: 291693
* Fauna Europaea: 428148
* Fauna Europaea (new): abe22a53-0587-40ee-a60a-78b26a49a08c
* GBIF: 5780449
* iNaturalist: 105970
* IRMNG: 11703968
* IUCN: 157222
* NatureServe: 2.785398
* NCBI: 225461
* uBio: 5507888
* WoRMS: 426408

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