Monal

Genus of birds

Not to be confused with Monale.

Monal

Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Aves
Order:  | Galliformes
Family:  | Phasianidae
Tribe:  | Lophophorini
Genus:  | Lophophorus
Temminck, 1813
Type species
Lophophorus refulgens[1] = Phasianus impejanus

Temminck, 1813

Species

* Lophophorus impejanus
* Lophophorus lhuysii
* Lophophorus sclateri

A monal is a bird of genus Lophophorus of the pheasant family, Phasianidae.

## Description

[edit]

The males all have colorful, iridescent plumage. Their physique is rather plump, and their diet consists of plants such as roots and bulbs and insects. During mating, the males are polygamous and mate with several females. The females in turn only mate with the selected male and enter into a monogamous relationship. Due to habitat destruction and hunting, they have become rare and their population is endangered.[2]

## Species

[edit]

There are three species and several subspecies:

Genus Lophophorus  – Temminck, 1813 – three species  Common name  | Scientific name and subspecies  | Range  | Size and ecology  | IUCN status and estimated population

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Himalayan monal

Male

Female

| Lophophorus impejanus
(Latham, 1790) | Afghanistan and Pakistan through the Himalayas in India, Nepal, southern Tibet, and Bhutan.
| Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  LC

Sclater's monal

Female

| Lophophorus sclateri
Jerdon, 1870

Three subspecies

* L. s. arunachalensis (Kumar & Singh, 2004)
* L. s. orientalis (Davison G.W.H., 1974)
* L. s. sclateri (Jerdon, 1870)

| northeast India, southeast Tibet and northern Burma  | Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  VU

Chinese monal

Male

| Lophophorus lhuysii
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, A, 1866 | central China  | Size:

Habitat:

Diet:  |  VU

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Phasianidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-08-05.
2. ^ Hoyo, Josep (1992). Handbook of the birds of the world. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-15-6. OCLC 861071869.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Lophophorus at Wikimedia Commons
* Data related to Lophophorus at Wikispecies

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Phasianidae

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Aves
* Order: Galliformes

Subfamily Phasianinae

| Tribe Lerwini|

| Lerwa|

* Snow partridge (L. lerwa)

|

Tribe Ithaginini|

| Ithaginis|

* Blood pheasant (I. cruentus)

|

Tribe Lophophorini|

| Tragopan|

* Blyth's tragopan (T. blythii)
* Cabot's tragopan (T. caboti)
* Western tragopan (T. melanocephalus)
* Satyr tragopan (T. satyra)
* Temminck's tragopan (T. temminckii)

|

Tetraophasis|

* Verreaux's monal-partridge (T. obscurus)
* Szechenyi's monal-partridge (T. szechenyii)

Lophophorus|

* Himalayan monal (L. impejanus)
* Sclater's monal (L. sclateri)
* Chinese monal (L. lhuysii)

Tribe Pucrasiini|

| Pucrasia|

* Koklass pheasant (P. macrolopha)

|

Tribe Meleagridini|

| Meleagris|

* Wild turkey (M. gallopavo)
* Ocellated turkey (M. ocellata)
* † Californian turkey (M. californica)

|

Tribe Tetraonini
Grouse|

| Canachites|

* Spruce grouse (C. canadensis)
* Franklin's grouse (C. canadensis franklinii)

|

Falcipennis|

* Siberian grouse (F. falcipennis)

Dendragapus|

* Dusky grouse (D. obscurus)
* Sooty grouse (D. fuliginosus)

Lagopus|

* Willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus)
* Red grouse (L. l. scotica)
* Rock ptarmigan (L. muta)
* White-tailed ptarmigan (L. leucura)

Tetrao|

* Western capercaillie (T. urogallus)
* Cantabrian capercaillie (T. u. cantabricus)
* Black-billed capercaillie (T. urogalloides)

Lyrurus|

* Black grouse (L. tetrix)
* Caucasian grouse (L. mlokosiewiczi)

Tetrastes|

* Hazel grouse (T. bonasia)
* Chinese grouse (T. sewerzowi)

Bonasa|

* Ruffed grouse (B. umbellus)

Centrocercus|

* Greater sage-grouse (C. urophasianus)
* Gunnison grouse (C. minimus)

Tympanuchus|

* Sharp-tailed grouse (T. phasianellus)
* Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (T. p. columbianus)
* Greater prairie-chicken (T. cupido)
* Heath hen (extinct)
* Attwater's prairie-chicken (T. c. attwateri)
* Lesser prairie-chicken (T. pallidicinctus)

Tribe Rhizotherini|

| Rhizothera|

* Long-billed partridge (R. longirostris)
* Dulit partridge (R. dulitensis)

|

Tribe Phasianini|

| Perdix|

* Grey partridge (P. perdix)
* Daurian partridge (P. dauurica)
* Tibetan partridge (P. hodgsoniae)

|

Syrmaticus|

* Elliot's pheasant (S. ellioti)
* Mrs. Hume's pheasant (S. humiae)
* Mikado pheasant (S. mikado)
* Copper pheasant (S. soemmerringi)
* Reeve's pheasant (S. reevesi)

Chrysolophus|

* Lady Amherst's pheasant (C. amherstiae)
* Golden pheasant (C. pictus)

Phasianus|

* Common pheasant (P. colchicus)
* Green pheasant (P. versicolor)

Catreus|

* Cheer pheasant (Catreus wallichi)

Crossoptilon|

* Blue eared pheasant (C. auritum)
* White eared pheasant (C. crossoptilon)
* Tibetan eared pheasant (C. harmani)
* Brown eared pheasant (C.mantchuricum)

Lophura|

* Bulwer's pheasant (L. bulweri)
* Siamese fireback (L. diardi)
* Edward's pheasant (L. edwardsi)
* Crestless fireback (L. erythrophthalma)
* Vietnamese pheasant (L. hatinhensis)
* Crested fireback (L. ignita)
* Imperial pheasant (L. imperialis)
* Salvadori's pheasant (L. inornata)
* Hoogerwerf's pheasant (L. i. hoogerwerfi)
* Kalij pheasant (L. leucomelanos)
* Silver pheasant (L. nycthemera)
* Swinhoe's pheasant (L. swinhoii)

Subfamily Rollulinae

| Xenoperdix|

* Rubeho forest partridge (X. obscuratus)
* Udzungwa forest partridge (X. udzungwensis)

|

Caloperdix|

* Ferruginous partridge (C. oculeus)

Rollulus|

* Crested partridge (R. rouloul)

Melanoperdix|

* Black partridge (M. niger)

Arborophila|

* Hill partridge (A. torqueola)
* Sichuan partridge (A. rufipectus)
* Chestnut-breasted partridge (A. mandellii)
* White-necklaced partridge (A. gingica)
* Rufous-throated partridge (A. rufogularis)
* Red-billed partridge (A.a rubrirostris)
* Siamese partridge (A. diversa)
* Chestnut-headed partridge (A. cambodiana)
* Hainan partridge (A. ardens)
* Taiwan partridge (A. crudigularis)
* White-cheeked partridge (A. atrogularis)
* Bar-backed partridge (A. brunneopectus)
* Orange-necked partridge (A. davidi)
* Red-breasted partridge (A. hyperythra)
* Malayan partridge (A. campbelli)
* Roll's partridge (A. rolli)
* Sumatran partridge (A. sumatrana)
* Chestnut-bellied partridge (A. javanica)
* Grey-breasted partridge (A. orientalis)

Subfamily Pavoninae

| Tribe Pavonini|

| Rheinardia|

* Vietnamese crested argus (R. ocellata)
* Malayan crested argus (R. nigrescens)

|

Argusianus|

* Great argus (A. argus)

Afropavo|

* Congo peafowl (A. congensis)

Pavo|

* Indian peafowl (P. cristatus)
* Green peafowl (P. muticus)

Tropicoperdix|

* Chestnut-necklaced partridge (T. charltonii)
* Green-legged partridge (T. chloropus)

Tribe Polyplectronini|

| Haematortyx|

* Crimson-headed partridge (H. sanguiniceps)

|

Galloperdix|

* Red spurfowl (G. spadicea)
* Painted spurfowl (G. lunulata)
* Sri Lanka spurfowl (G. bicalcarata)

Polyplectron|

* Grey peacock-pheasant (P. bicalcaratum)
* Bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant (P. chalcurum)
* Palawan peacock-pheasant (P. emphanum)
* Germain's peacock-pheasant (P. germaini)
* Mountain peacock-pheasant (P. inopinatum)
* Hainan peacock-pheasant (P. katsumatae)
* Malayan peacock-pheasant (P. malacense)
* Bornean peacock-pheasant (P. schleiermacheri)

Tribe Gallini|

| Bambusicola|

* Mountain bamboo partridge (B. fytchii)
* Chinese bamboo partridge (B. thoracicus)
* Taiwan bamboo partridge (B. sonorivox)

|

Gallus|

* Red junglefowl (G. gallus)
* Sri Lankan junglefowl (G. lafayetii)
* Grey junglefowl (G. sonneratii)
* Green junglefowl (G. varius)

Peliperdix|

* Latham's francolin (P. lathami)

Ortygornis|

* Crested francolin (O. sephaena)
* Grey francolin (O. pondicerianus)
* Swamp francolin (O. gularis)

Francolinus|

* Black francolin (F. francolinus)
* Painted francolin (F. pictus)
* Chinese francolin (F. pintadeanus)

Campocolinus|

* Coqui francolin (C. coqui)
* White-throated francolin, (C. albogularis)
* Schlegel's francolin (C. schlegelii)

Scleroptila|

* Ring-necked francolin (S. streptophora)
* Red-winged francolin (S. levaillantii)
* Finsch's francolin (S. finschi)
* Moorland francolin (S. psilolaema)
* Grey-winged francolin (S. afra)
* Orange River francolin (S. gutturalis)
* Shelley's francolin (S. shelleyi)

Tribe Coturnicini|

| Tetraogallus|

* Caucasian snowcock (T. caucasicus)
* Caspian snowcock (T. caspius)
* Himalayan snowcock (T. himalayensis)
* Tibetan snowcock (T. tibetanus)
* Altai snowcock (T. altaicus)

|

Ammoperdix|

* See-see partridge (A. griseogularis)
* Sand partridge (A. heyi)

Synoicus|

* Brown quail (S. ypsilophorus)
* Snow Mountain quail (S. monorthonyx)
* Blue quail (S. adansonii)
* King quail (S. chinensis)

Margaroperdix|

* Madagascar partridge (M. madagarensis)

Coturnix|

* Rain quail (C. coromandelica)
* Harlequin quail (C. delegorguei)
* Common quail (C. coturnix)
* Japanese quail (C. japonica)
* Stubble quail (C. pectoralis)

Alectoris|

* Arabian partridge (A. melanocephala)
* Przevalski's partridge (A. magna)
* Rock partridge (A. graeca)
* Chukar partridge (A. chukar)
* Philby's partridge (A. philbyi)
* Barbary partridge (A. barbara)
* Red-legged partridge (A. rufa)

Perdicula|

* Jungle bush quail (P. asiatica)
* Rock bush quail (P. argoondah)
* Painted bush quail (P. erythrorhyncha)
* Manipur bush quail (P. manipurensis)

Ophrysia|

* Himalayan quail (O. superciliosa) (possibly extinct)

Pternistis|

* Hartlaub's spurfowl (P. hartlaubi)
* Mount Cameroon spurfowl (P. camerunensis)
* Handsome spurfowl (P. nobilis)
* Chestnut-naped spurfowl (P. castaneicollis)
* Black-fronted spurfowl (P. atrifrons)
* Erckel's spurfowl (P. erckelii)
* Djibouti spurfowl (P. ochropectus)
* Swierstra's spurfowl (P. swierstrai)
* Ahanta spurfowl (P. ahantensis)
* Grey-striped spurfowl (P. griseostriatus)
* Jackson's spurfowl (P. jacksoni)
* Red-billed spurfowl (P. adspersus)
* Cape spurfowl (P. capensis)
* Natal spurfowl (P. natalensis)
* Hildebrandt's spurfowl (P. hildebrandti)
* Double-spurred spurfowl (P. bicalcaratus)
* Scaly spurfowl (P. squamatus)
* Heuglin's spurfowl (P. icterorhynchus)
* Clapperton's spurfowl (P. clappertoni)
* Harwood's spurfowl (P. harwoodi)
* Swainson's spurfowl (P. swainsonii)
* Yellow-necked spurfowl (P. leucoscepus)
* Grey-breasted spurfowl (P. rufopictus)
* Red-necked spurfowl (P. afer)

185 living species in 32 genera

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* t
* e

Genera of landfowl and their extinct allies

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Aves
* Superorder: Galloanserae
* Clade: Pangalliformes

Pangalliformes

| incertae sedis|

* †Anisolornis?
* †Archaeophasianus?
* †Argillipes?
* †Austinornis?
* †Chambiortyx
* †Coturnipes?
* †"Gigantibis"?
* †Litoripes?
* †Percolinus?
* †Tegulavis?

|

†Gallinuloididae|

* Gallinuloides
* Paraortygoides

†Paraortygidae|

* Paraortyx
* Pirortyx
* Scopelortyx
* Xorazmortyx

†Quercymegapodiidae|

* Ameripodius
* Quercymegapodius
* Taubacrex

†Sylviornithidae|

* Megavitiornis
* Sylviornis

Galliformes|

*     * See below ↓

Galliformes

Galliformes

* †Amitabha
* †Bumbanipodius
* †Bumbanortyx
* †Linquornis
* †Namaortyx
* †Palaeoalectoris
* †Procrax
* †Sobniogallus
* †Taoperdix

Megapodiidae|

* †Garrdimalga?
* †Mwalau
* †Ngawupodius

Alecturini|

* Aepypodius
* Alectura
* †Latagallina
* Leipoa
* †Progura
* Talegalla

Megapodiini|

* Eulipoa
* Macrocephalon
* Megapodius

Cracidae|

* †Archaealectrornis
* †Boreortalis
* †Palaeonossax
* †Procrax

Penelopinae|

* Aburria
* Chamaepetes
* Penelope
* Penelopina
* Pipile

Cracinae|

* Oreophasis
* Ortalis

Cracini|

* Crax
* Mitu
* Nothocrax
* Pauxi

Phasianoidea|

*     * See below ↓

Phasianoidea

| Numididae|

* Acryllium
* Agelastes
* Guttera
* Numida
* †Telecrex

|

Odontophoridae|

* †Miortyx
* †Nanortyx
* †Neortyx

Ptilopachinae|

* Ptilopachus

Odontophorinae|

* Callipepla
* Colinus
* Cyrtonyx
* Dactylortyx
* Dendrortyx
* Odontophorus
* Oreortyx
* Philortyx
* Rhynchortyx

Phasianidae|

*     * See below ↓

Phasianidae

Phasianidae

* †Bantamyx
* †Centuriavis
* †Diangallus
* †Eurobambusicola
* †Lophogallus
* †Megalocoturnix
* †Miogallus
* †Mioryaba
* †Palaeocryptonyx
* †Palaeortyx
* †Panraogallus
* †Pliogallus
* †Plioperdix
* †Rustaviornis
* †Schaubortyx
* †Shandongornis
* †Shanxiornis
* †Titanoperdix
* †Tologuica

Rollulinae|

* Arborophila
* Caloperdix
* Melanoperdix
* Rhizothera
* Rollulus
* Xenoperdix

Pavoninae|

* Tropicoperdix

Coturnicini|

* Alectoris
* Ammoperdix
* Coturnix
* Margaroperdix
* †?Ophrysia
* Perdicula
* Pternistis
* Synoicus
* Tetraogallus

Gallini|

* Bambusicola
* Campocolinus
* Francolinus
* Gallus
* Ortygornis
* Peliperdix
* Scleroptila

Pavonini|

* Afropavo
* Argusianus
* Pavo
* Rheinardia

Polyplectronini|

* Galloperdix
* Haematortyx
* Polyplectron

Phasianinae|

* †Chauvireria
* Ithaginis
* Lerwa

Lophophorini|

* Lophophorus
* Tetraophasis
* Tragopan

Phasianini|

* Catreus
* Chrysolophus
* Crossoptilon
* Lophura
* Perdix
* Phasianus
* Syrmaticus

Tetraonini|

* Bonasa
* Canachites
* Centrocercus
* Dendragapus
* Falcipennis
* Lagopus
* Lyrurus
* Meleagris
* †Palaealectoris
* †Proagriocharis
* Pucrasia
* †Rhegminornis
* Tetrao
* Tetrastes
* Tympanuchus

Taxon identifiers

Lophophorus|

* Wikidata: Q569957
* Wikispecies: Lophophorus
* ADW: Lophophorus
* BOLD: 113331
* CoL: 5GMP
* GBIF: 2473469
* iNaturalist: 1174
* ITIS: 176066
* NCBI: 9039
* Open Tree of Life: 153576
* WoRMS: 347431

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