Monarchy of Greece

Ruling sovereigns of Greece from 1832 to 1924 and 1935 to 1973

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King of the Hellenes

* Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων (since George I)
* Βασιλεὺς τῆς Ἑλλάδος (Otto)

Coat of arms of Greece

Details
Style| His Majesty
First monarch| Otto
Last monarch| Constantine II
Formation| 27 May 1832
Abolition| 1 June 1973
Residence|

* New Royal Palace
* (after 1897)
* Old Royal Palace
* (before 1897)

Pretender(s)| Pavlos

Monarchy of Greece (Greek: Μοναρχία της Ελλάδας, romanized: Monarchía tis Elládas) or Greek monarchy (Greek: Ελληνική Μοναρχία, romanized: Ellinikí Monarchía) is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign (Basileus) reigns as the head of state of Greece. Monarchy in Greece lasted from 1832 to 1924 and from 1935 to 1973.[1]

## History

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The monarchy of Greece was created by the London Conference of 1832 at which the First Hellenic Republic was abolished.[citation needed] The Greek crown was originally offered to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha but he declined, later being elected the king of the Belgians.

In 1832, Prince Otto of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach was styled "His Majesty Otto I, King of Greece", over which he reigned for 30 years until he was deposed in 1862.[2] After Otto's deposition as king, the crown was offered to many others, including the novelist and former British colonial secretary Edward Bulwer-Lytton.[3]

A head of state referendum was held in 1862 to name a new king. The vast majority of Greek people wanted Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, to be their new king.[4][5] He won the referendum by 230,016 against the Duke of Leuchtenberg. Alfred declined to be king, and so did every candidate until Prince Vilhelm of Denmark of the House of Glücksburg, who had received only six votes. Vilhelm was elected unanimously by the Greek Assembly, and became "His Majesty George I, King of the Hellenes".

There was a referendum in 1920 to restore Constantine I as monarch, but four years later the Second Hellenic Republic was established and the monarchy was abolished following a referendum in 1924. Then in 1935 the monarchy was restored after a referendum and maintained after a referendum in 1946.

In July 1973 the Greek military junta called a referendum, which abolished the monarchy for the second time in Greek history. Then in 1974, the democratically elected prime minister, Konstantinos Karamanlis, called a referendum which legitimately confirmed the abolition.

## Residences

[edit]

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Tatoi was the private residence and 10,000-acre estate outside of Athens originally bought by King George I in the 1870s. The property was seized by the Republic following the 1974 referendum and has long been a contentious issue between the former royal family and the Greek state.

The Old Royal Palace (Greek: Παλαιά Ανάκτορα, romanized: Palaiá Anáktora) is the first royal palace of modern Greece, completed in 1843. It has housed the Hellenic Parliament since 1934. The Old Palace is situated at the heart of modern Athens, facing onto Syntagma Square.

## Kings of Greece

[edit]

Main article: List of kings of Greece

## Royal consorts

[edit]

Main article: List of Greek royal consorts

## Regents of Greece

[edit]

Main article: List of regents of Greece

## Insignia

[edit]

* Monogram of Otto I

* Monogram of George I

* Monogram of Constantine I

* Monogram of Alexander I

* Monogram of George II

* Monogram of Paul I

* Monogram of Constantine II

## See also

[edit]

* Basileus
* Greek crown jewels
* Greek royal family
* List of heads of state of Greece
* List of heirs to the Greek throne

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Lakritz, Talia. "10 countries that abolished their own monarchies". Insider. Retrieved 2023-06-29.
2. ^ "Otto | king of Greece | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-05-28. Retrieved 2023-06-29.
3. ^ Conliffe, Ciaran. "Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Writer And Politician". headstuff.org.
4. ^ Boston, Greek (2020-05-06). "Get to Know Prince Alfred Ernest Albert". www.greekboston.com. Retrieved 2023-06-29.
5. ^ "Which other European royals is Prince Philip related to?". South China Morning Post. 2021-03-21. Retrieved 2023-06-29. "Most of the Greeks wanted Prince Alfred – the second son of Queen Victoria and Albert – to be king, but he declined."

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Greek monarchy.

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Kingdom of Greece

Kings|

* House of Wittelsbach: Otto
* House of Glücksburg: George I
* Constantine I
* Alexander
* George II
* Paul
* Constantine II

History|

* 3 September 1843 Revolution
* Greek Constitution of 1844
* 23 October 1862 Revolution
* 1862 head of state referendum
* Greek Constitution of 1864
* 1896 Summer Olympics
* Greco-Turkish War (1897)
* Macedonian Struggle
* Goudi coup
* Greek Constitution of 1911
* Balkan Wars
* National Schism
* Greece in WWI
* Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
* 1920 referendum
* Great fire of Smyrna
* 11 September 1922 Revolution
* 1924 republic referendum
* 1935 monarchy referendum
* 4th of August Regime
* Greece in WWII
* 1946 monarchy referendum
* Greek Civil War
* 1967 Greek coup d'état
* Greek junta
* Greek Constitution of 1968
* 1973 republic referendum
* 1974 republic referendum

Notable politicians|

* Josef Ludwig von Armansperg
* Ioannis Kolettis
* Alexandros Koumoundouros
* Epameinondas Deligeorgis
* Charilaos Trikoupis
* Theodoros Diligiannis
* Eleftherios Venizelos
* Dimitrios Gounaris
* Ioannis Metaxas
* Georgios Papandreou
* Nikolaos Plastiras
* Alexandros Papagos
* Konstantinos Karamanlis
* Georgios Papadopoulos (coup d'état)

Orders|

* Order of the Redeemer
* Order of St. George & Constantine
* Order of St. Olga & Sophia
* Order of George I
* Order of the Phoenix
* Order of Beneficence

Structures|

* Panathenaic Stadium
* Municipal Theatre of Corfu
* Royal Theatre
* National Theatre of Northern Greece

Establishments|

* Hellenic State Railways
* Hellenic Gendarmerie
* Cities Police
* Greek Military Police
* Hellenic Airlines
* School of Higher Industrial Studies
* Athens Festival
* Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema

Related|

* Monarchy of Greece
* Basileus
* Kings
* Royal consorts
* Regents
* Crown Prince
* Duke of Sparta
* Crown jewels
* Royal family
* Crown Council of Greece
* Old Royal Palace
* New Royal Palace
* Tatoi Palace

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Monarchy of Europe

Sovereign states|

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States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
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* South Ossetia
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Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
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