Monoamine neurotoxin

Compounds that damage or destroy monoaminergic neurons

Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine), a selective dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotoxin.

A monoamine neurotoxin, or monoaminergic neurotoxin, is a drug that selectively damages or destroys monoaminergic neurons.[1] Monoaminergic neurons are neurons that signal via stimulation by monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.[1] Examples of monoamine neurotoxins include the serotonergic neurotoxins para-chloroamphetamine (PCA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA), and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT);[2] the dopaminergic neurotoxins oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine), MPTP, and methamphetamine; and the noradrenergic neurotoxins oxidopamine and DSP-4.[1] Dopaminergic neurotoxins can induce a Parkinson's disease-like condition in animals and humans.[1][3] Serotonergic neurotoxins have been associated with cognitive and memory deficits and psychiatric changes.[4][5][6][7]

## List of monoamine neurotoxins

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### Serotonergic neurotoxins

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#### Phenethylamines

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* 2,4-Dichloroamphetamine (2,4-DCA)[8]
* 3-Chloroamphetamine (3-CA)[8][9]
* 3,4-Dichloroamphetamine (3,4-DCA)[8]
* 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)[1][10][2]
* 3,4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA)[10][11]
* 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)[1][2][12][13]
* 4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine (4-CAB; 4-chloro-α-desmethyl-α-ethylamphetamine; α-ethyl-PCA)[10]
* para-Bromoamphetamine (PBA; 4-bromoamphetamine; 4-BA)[14]
* para-Chloroamphetamine (PCA; 4-chloroamphetamine; 4-CA)[1][2][11]
* para-Chloromethamphetamine (PCMA; 4-chloromethamphetamine; 4-PCMA)[8]
* para-Iodoamphetamine (PIA; 4-iodoamphetamine; 4-IA)[10][15]
* α-Methyldopamine (3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine; 3,4-DHA)[2]
* α,N-Dimethyldopamine (3,4-dihydroxy-N-methylamphetamine; 3,4-DHMA)[2]
* Fenfluramine[1][16][17][18]
* Methamphetamine[1][13]
* Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB)[10][11]
* Norfenfluramine[18][19]

#### Tryptamines

[edit]

* 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT)[1][2]
* 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT)[1][2]
* α-Ethyltryptamine (αET)[11]

#### 2-Aminoindans

[edit]

* 5-Iodo-2-aminoindan (5-IAI) (weak)[20][11][10]
* 5-Methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindane (MMAI) (with amphetamine)[21][22]
* 5,6-Methylenedioxy-2-aminoindan (MDAI) (weak; alone and with amphetamine)[23][10][24]

#### MPTP-related

[edit]

* 2'-Amino-MPTP[1]
* Haloperidol[1][25]
* HPP+ (haloperidol pyridinium)[1][25]

### Dopaminergic neurotoxins

[edit]

#### Phenethylamines

[edit]

* 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (in mice but not in humans)[13][6]
* Amphetamine[1]
* Methamphetamine[1][12][13]
* N-Methylnorsalsolinol[26]
* Norsalsolinol[26]
* Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine; 6-OHDA)[27][28][29]
* Salsolinol[26][30]

#### Tryptamines

[edit]

* 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT)[31]

#### MPTP-related

[edit]

* Haloperidol[1][25]
* HPP+ (haloperidol pyridinium)[1][25]
* MPP+ (cyperquat)[32][33]
* MPTP[32]

#### Pesticides

[edit]

* Fenpropathrin[34][35][36]
* Mancozeb[37]
* Maneb[37]
* Paraquat[34][37][38]
* Rotenone[1][34][37]

### Noradrenergic neurotoxins

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#### Phenethylamines and related

[edit]

* 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT)[31]
* 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT)[31]
* 6-Hydroxydopa[1]
* DSP-4[39][40]
* Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine; 6-OHDA)[27][29]
* Xylamine[1]

#### Others

[edit]

* 2'-Amino-MPTP[1]

### Unsorted or unknown

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* RHPP+[41][42]
* RHPTP[43][44][45][46]

## See also

[edit]

* Monoamine-depleting agent

## References

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* v
* t
* e

Monoaminergic neurotoxins

Dopaminergic|

* 5,6-DHT
* Amphetamine
* Fenpropathrin
* Haloperidol
* HPP+
* HPTP
* Mancozeb
* Maneb
* Methamphetamine
* MPP+ (cyperquat)
* MPTP
* N-Methylnorsalsolinol
* Norsalsolinol
* Oxidopamine (6-OHDA)
* Paraquat
* Rotenone
* Salsolinol

Noradrenergic|

* 2'-Amino-MPTP
* 5,6-DHT
* 5,7-DHT
* 6-Hydroxydopa
* DSP-4
* Oxidopamine (6-OHDA)
* Xylamine

Serotonergic|

* 2'-Amino-MPTP
* 2,4-DCA
* 3-CA
* 3,4-DCA
* 4-CAB (α-ethyl-PCA)
* 5-IAI
* 5,6-DHT
* 5,7-DHT
* α-Me-DA (3,4-DHA)
* α,N-Dimethyldopamine
* αET
* DCA
* Fenfluramine
* Haloperidol
* HPP+
* HPTP
* MBDB
* MDA (tenamfetamine)
* MDAI
* MDEA
* MDMA (midomafetamine)
* Methamphetamine
* MMAI
* Norfenfluramine
* PBA
* PCA
* PCMA
* PIA

Unsorted|

* RHPP+
* RHPTP

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Adrenergics • Dopaminergics • Melatonergics • Serotonergics • Monoamine reuptake inhibitors • Monoamine releasing agents • Monoamine metabolism modulators
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