Montrose, Angus

Town and former Royal burgh in Scotland

Montrose

Mon Rois (Scottish Gaelic)
Montrose, Munross (Scots)

Town and former Royal burgh

View of Montrose from Ferryden

Flag

Seal

Etymology: The moor by the wood
(from Scottish Gaelic)
Motto(s):

Mare ditat, rosa decorat (Latin)
The sea enriches, the rose adorns

Montrose

Location within Scotland

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Montrose

Location within Europe

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Coordinates: 56°42′29″N 2°28′01″W﻿ / ﻿56.708°N 2.467°W﻿ / 56.708; -2.467
Sovereign State|  United Kingdom
Country|  Scotland
Local authority|  Angus
Lieutenancy area| Angus
First settled| Neolithic period
Royal Charter| 1140
Royal burgh abolished| 1975
Government

• Councillors|

List

* Iain Gall (CON)

* Kenny Braes (SNP)

* Bill Duff (SNP)

* Tommy Stewart (IND)

• MSPs|

List

* Mairi Gougeon (SNP)

• MPs|

List

* Dave Doogan (SNP)

Population

(mid-2020 est.)[1]

• Town| 11,730
• Language(s)

| English
Scots
Demonym(s)| Montrosian
Gable Ender
Postcode|

DD10

Area code| 01674
OS Grid Reference| NO715575

Montrose (/mɒnˈtroʊz/ mon-TROHZ; Scottish Gaelic: Mon Rois [mɔn ˈrˠɔʃ]) is a town and former royal burgh in Angus, Scotland. Situated 28 miles (45 kilometres) north of Dundee and 37 miles (60 kilometres) south of Aberdeen, Montrose lies between the mouths of the North and South Esk rivers. It is the northernmost coastal town in Angus and developed as a natural harbour that traded in skins, hides, and cured salmon in medieval times.

With a population of approximately 12,000, the town functions as a port, but the major employer is GlaxoSmithKline, which was saved from closure in 2006.[2] The skyline of Montrose is dominated by the 220-foot (67 m) steeple of Old and St Andrew's Church, designed by James Gillespie Graham and built between 1832 and 1834.

Montrose is a town with a wealth of architecture, and is a centre for international trade. It is an important commercial port for the oil and gas industry. It is known for its wide thoroughfare and high street,[3] which leads to picturesque closes containing secluded gardens. The town has a view of a tidal lagoon, Montrose Basin, which is considered a nature reserve of international importance. It is the largest inland salt water basin in the UK, and an important habitat for the mute swan. Just outside Montrose is the 18th-century House of Dun, designed by the Scottish architect William Adam and built in 1730 for David Erskine, Lord Dun, 13th Laird of Dun.

## History[edit]

### Toponymy and early history[edit]

Prehistoric elements are found in the vicinity of Montrose, including the Stone of Morphie located to the north.[4] One ancient name for Montrose was Celurca.[5] The place-name is formed from the Scottish Gaelic Moine (meaning moor or peat moss) and Ros (meaning peninsula or promontory), perhaps ultimately of Pictish origin. The first documentary evidence of the existence of Montrose is the burgh charter issued by David I who founded the town around 1140 as Sallorch or Sallork.[6] By 1178 the name had taken the form Munross before becoming Montrose.[7] Folk etymology attributes the origin of the town's name as "Mount of Roses". This is reflected by the motto on the town's seal: Mare ditat, rosa decorat.[8] (English: The sea enriches, the rose adorns)

### Medieval history[edit]

Montrose was visited and plundered in numerous instances by Danes. In the year 980 it was sacked and razed to the ground.[9] It was once believed that a castle existed in Montrose in the 10th century and was destroyed by Kenneth III. However the historicity of this account has been disputed.[10]

In the two proceeding centuries there are no precise dates in its history. During the 1140s it was an important trading town. The trading revenues received from Montrose as well as Forfar and Dundee were acquired by Malcolm IV and contributed to Restenneth Priory.[10] In 1178 William the Lion built a castle nearby in which he would occasionally reside. The ruins have acquired the name Red Castle. The last record of a charter there was in 1198.[11] A convent dedicated to the Virgin Mary is said to have been founded in 1230 by Alan Durward but the precise location is unknown.[10] In 1244 the town succumbed to fire.[11]

In July 1296[12] during the Wars of Independence, Edward I visited the town with 30,000 of his men and stayed at Munros castle for three nights. Some accounts state that it was there that he humiliated Scottish King John de Balliol by publicly stripping him of his royal insignia and status; other accounts claim that this occurred in Brechin.[10] Twelve burgesses of the town swore allegiance to Edward I[11] to protect themselves and the community of the town.[10] The following year the castle, which was manned by an English garrison, was destroyed by William Wallace who is said to have slain all soldiers in sight.[11] The site of the castle, known as Castlestead, is at the southern end of the High Street. David II visited it towards the end of his reign in 1371.[10] The Dukedom of Montrose was created in 1488.

During the 15th century, the inhabitants of the town found themselves increasingly under heel of the Lairds of Dun who ransacked and took possession of property and cattle. The lairds are said to have arrived in the middle of one night on horseback heavily armed. The burghesses of the town immediately sent out an appeal to the Duke of Montrose for protection but the messenger was purportedly murdered before the appeal arrived. It was then that James IV of Scotland intervened and settled the matter.[11]

### Modern history[edit]

Montrose and the steeple

From its early inception as a port Montrose had traded in skins, hides and cured salmon but in the 17th century began to export wheat and barley in regular trading transactions with the Hanseatic League. The town imported flax and timber from the Baltic; salt, fruit and wine from France and Portugal.[6] The wealth this brought to the town is demonstrated in the surviving houses built by landowning and merchant families as well as local street names of "America Street", "California Street", "Baltic Street" and "India Street" evidencing its trading heritage.

The site of the castle, now known as Castlestead was the birthplace of the famous James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose. Graham signed the National Covenant against Charles I's reorganisation of the Kirk in Scotland, fighting in the ensuing Bishops' Wars, but later switched to the King's side only to be captured and executed in Edinburgh in the year 1650.

Between 1677 and the summer of 1678 a dyke which was begun across the Montrose Basin, designed to drain and reclaim the northern half, by Dronner, a Dutch engineer.[13][14] It was destroyed shortly after in a storm. One of the most vocal objectors to the scheme was the elderly Meggie Cowie, who was said to have made blasphemous comments to those who were involved. She was tried, found guilty of witchcraft, and was burnt at the stake on 14 January 1679.[15][16][17]

Park in Montrose

The final chapter of the ill-fated 1715 Jacobite rebellion was also played out in Montrose. Towards the end of the uprising (which had lasted nearly six months, from September 1715 to February 1716) James Francis Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender; formerly James, Prince of Wales) arrived in Montrose, where he spent his last night in Scotland, on 4 February 1716. He sailed from Montrose to exile in France. The town was held for his son, Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie; the Young Pretender), 30 years later and in February 1746 the largest naval battle of the war was fought in Montrose Harbour.

During the 18th century the town was a major smuggling centre. It profited from the slave trade but only for a brief time. The wealth accrued by trade was substantial. Wealthy merchants in the 18th and 19th centuries dominated the town and built their houses gable to gable. Hence Montrosians have inherited the sobriquet, "gable-enders".[18] A statistical account taken between 1791 and 1799 estimates the population in the 1750s as 4248; in 1776 as 4465; in 1784 as 4866 and in 1790 as 5194. Contemporaries expected that many would emigrate at the conclusion of the American Revolutionary War but those that did leave were few.[19]

Montrose Town House

Samuel Johnson made a tour of the town on his visit to Scotland in the 1770s. He said of it:

> "...we travelled on to Montrose, which we surveyed in the morning and found it well-built, airy, and clean. The town house is a handsome fabrick with a portico. We then went to view the English chapel, and found it a small church, clean to a degree unknown in any other part of Scotland, with commodious galleries, and what was yet less expected, with an organ.".[20]

View of the town in 1838 Montrose by Sir George Reid, 1888 Montrose High Street during the 1870s

Alexander Christie (c. 1721–1794) was provost in the town during the 1760s and 1780s and oversaw the establishment of Scotland's first lunatic asylum in Montrose in 1781[21] which eventually became known as Sunnyside Royal Hospital. The asylum, initially called Montrose Lunatic Asylum, Infirmary and Dispensary was founded by Susan Carnegie of Charleton to treat both paupers and private patients and was originally situated on Montrose Links. It was granted a royal charter in 1810. In 1858 it moved to Sunnyside farm at the nearby village of Hillside. Its facilities were expanded several in the next few decades and it underwent various changes in name, finally becoming Sunnyside Royal Hospital in 1962. Sunnyside remained in use for the treatment of people with mental illnesses until its final closure in 2011 when many of its patients and functions moved to the Susan Carnegie Centre at Stracathro Hospital.[22]

In 1785 a subscription library for learned men was formed.[23]

Before World War I the Royal Flying Corps established a base at Montrose (later RAF Montrose). On 26 February 1913, it became the first operational military aerodrome to be established in the United Kingdom.[24]

Between the wars, Montrose was a focus for key figures of the Scottish Renaissance.[25] In 1920, a young Christopher Murray Grieve (later Hugh MacDiarmid) was employed as a reporter on the Montrose Review. By 1922 he had been elected as an Independent Labour Party councillor. The poet and novelist Violet Jacob was brought up at the nearby House of Dun and spent time in Angus during the 'twenties. The sculptor William Lamb was born in Montrose and returned to the town in 1924.

Another native of Montrose, the writer Tom MacDonald (Fionn MacColla) returned to Montrose in 1929, as did his friend the painter Edward Baird. Willa and Edwin Muir lived at her mother's house in Montrose at various times during the 1920s. The poet Helen Cruickshank attended Montrose Academy, though she had moved to Edinburgh by the 1920s. She was a key figure in maintaining the network of contacts between writers and artists of Scotland's inter-war cultural renaissance.[26]

During World War II Montrose became a hub for a constant stream of international pilots from all over the Commonwealth, Poland, Czechoslovakia, America, Russia, France and other allied nations. As well as a training base RAF Montrose was also an operational airfield for Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire squadrons, which flew sorties over Norway and were a part of the air defences for Edinburgh. Of course, this also made the town a target for German aircraft and it was bombed on more than one occasion. Despite its coastal location presenting a danger however, large numbers of children and young mothers from Dundee were evacuated there during the period of the Phoney War. Initially numbers totalled around 2,000 but in a second wave around 1,200 more were sent.[27] As was the case in many other receiving areas, the local population was concerned by the condition of the urban poor and impetigo and vermin were found on some of those evacuated. By June 1940 Montrose could no longer provide shelter.[27]

Montrose was a royal burgh until 1975.[28]

### Bamse[edit]

Statue of Bamse at Montrose Harbour Montrose high street, circa 1980

Bamse (meaning 'teddybear' in Norwegian), a St Bernard dog famed for his exploits and popular in local imagination, is buried in the town. Bamse the Norwegian Sea Dog arrived in Montrose on the Royal Norwegian Navy minesweeper Thorodd during World War II with Captain Erling Hafto, his owner, who registered him as a crew member. He saved the life of Lieutenant Commander Olav Nilsen at Dundee Docks and generally protected his fellow sailors. In stories Bamse is said to have got up on his hind legs and, at over 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, clamped his great paws on assailants to end any fight. On his death in July 1944 Montrose schools were closed and 800 children lined the route to his graveside funeral.

The Bamse Project raised £50,000 to erect a larger than life-size bronze statue of Bamse at Montrose Harbour. Half the donations came from Norway. The statue was created by internationally known sculptor Alan Herriot, and was unveiled by The Duke of York in October 2007.

## Governance[edit]

The footpath to the high street is known as the Kirky Steps.

Montrose is represented within Angus Council by the Montrose & District Ward, from which four councillors are elected. The members elected from this ward are, as of 2022: Bill Duff (Scottish National Party), Tommy Stewart (Independent), Kenny Braes (Scottish National Party) and Iain Gall (Conservative).[29]

The town is part of the Angus constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which returns a Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons, at Westminster. The constituency's MP is Dave Doogan of the Scottish National Party who has been the MP since 2019.

Montrose is also part of the Angus North and Mearns constituency of the Scottish Parliament that elects a single MSP and also part of the North East Scotland electoral region which elects seven additional Members of the Scottish Parliament. The constituency's MSP is currently Mairi Gougeon of the Scottish National Party who was first elected in 2016 as Mairi Evans.

## Geography and natural features[edit]

The Bridge of Dun near Montrose is surrounded by scenic greenery and secluded spots. View towards Montrose from Ferryden

Montrose occupies a position on the North Bank of Montrose Basin at the mouth of the River South Esk on the East Coast of Scotland, 11 miles (18 km) NNE of Arbroath,[30] 19 miles (31 km) SW of Stonehaven,[30] and 7.2 miles (12 km) ESE of Brechin.[30] The town lies 62.2 miles (100 km) NNE of Edinburgh,[31] and 373.2 miles (601 km) NNW of London.[32] The built-up area occupies a roughly rectangular shape 2 miles (3 km) long by 0.75 miles (1 km) wide, aligned in a north–south orientation. The land is relatively flat, rising gradually to around 15m elevation to the North of the town.[30]

The expanse of the town extends to the villages on its fringes; Hillside and Ferryden. It lies close to the hamlets of Lunan and St Cyrus. The rural location ensures that the air quality is good, with low levels of nitrogen dioxide and PM10.[33]

### Montrose Basin[edit]

Montrose Basin

Main article: Montrose Basin

The Montrose Basin is a shallow estuary approximately three miles in diameter.[34] It is situated where the River South Esk meets the North Sea. During the 16th century, local landowners desiring more arable land considered reducing its size, but their plans were never carried out.[35]

In 1981 the Montrose Basin Nature Reserve was created.[36] The Scottish Wildlife Trust operates a modern, purpose-built wildlife centre at Rossie Braes, which offers good telescopic and televisual views of the area, and of the thousands of migratory birds which pass through the area in all seasons.

In summer, one might see the osprey which hunts along the length of the Basin, or a kingfisher flitting past. The artificial sand martin bank is a hive of activity all spring and early summer. One can watch the blue tits and barn swallows inside their nests, and take in the panoramic vista of the rolling Angus countryside and hills.

In October and November there are 38,000 birds using the basin.[36] In winter, 20,000 pink-footed geese take up residence on the mudflats, feeding in the nearby fields by day, and returning to the safety of the Basin in the evening. The haunting fluting of their calls are beloved of local people, for whom the sound marks the turning of the seasons. The many feeders attract brightly coloured field and garden birds, and the occasional woodpecker.

In recent years research published by Scottish Natural Heritage claimed that the population of greylag geese has fallen as a result of climate change.[37]

### Montrose Beach[edit]

Montrose Beach Dunes at Kinnaber, Montrose

The 3-mile-long (4.8 km) sandy beach has been awarded a Blue Flag for its eco credentials.[38] The surrounding Traill Pavilion and Seafront Splash! facilities with an arcade, a playground, a café and an ice-cream stall is popular amongst locals and visitors alike. North of the town the River North Esk enters the North Sea across the beach.

The Save our Sands Campaign (SOS) was set up on 26 March 2009[39] to raise awareness amidst concerns over the erosion of Montrose beach, caused by the "one million tonnes of sand, swept by the tide into the harbour...removed from the local area over the past 25 years".[40] In 2006 150,000 tonnes was shipped to Aberdeen to fortify its dwindling beach. This was met with opposition from Montrose Golf Links who believed that the golf course built on top of the dunes, as one of the oldest in the world, should be protected.[41] The sand dunes are becoming unstable due to increasing tides which has forced the Montrose Golf Links to consider moving elements of the golf course more inland. A major scheme of engineered coastal protection was discouraged by Scottish Natural Heritage on the grounds that it would be unsustainable and could impact a protected coastal site at St Cyrus.[42]

A film made by local broadcaster Anthony Baxter in January 2009 highlighted the issue and was designed to attract attention for urgent action and put pressure on local politicians. The group are concerned that Angus Council are not acting efficiently to halt the effects of erosion and believe a full study should be carried out. The film won the best short film category in the BFFS Community Cinema Festival in 2009. Since 2009 a team from the University of Dundee has begun assessing the coastline around Montrose in a two-year study to decide the best way of managing coastal erosion.[40] The film titled "SOS Montrose Dredging" has been posted on YouTube.[43]

## Demography[edit]

The 2001 census gave Montrose's total resident population as 10,845. This makes it the third largest town in Angus, after Arbroath (22,785) and Forfar (14,048) with Carnoustie in fourth place (10,561).[44]

Since the Second World War the population of Montrose has increased. The presence of Dundee families in Montrose during wartime convinced a number to settle there.[27] This altered the demographics of the town and led to the building of housing estates in the 1960s. A number of people from the Polish community who had served with the British forces at RAF Montrose also settled.

There is an increasing elderly population which is reflected in the profusion of nursing and residential homes and in recent plans to extend provision for sheltered housing.[45] Data published by Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics in 2008 records the population of Montrose & District as 15,013 which is around 18% of the population of Angus as a whole. Of this total 17.6% are children, 60% are of working age and 22% are pensioners. Around 12% of those who live in the town are unemployed and 14.1% of households are "income deprived".[46]

Historic population of Montrose, Angus[nb 1]

Year  | 1801  | 1811  | 1821  | 1831  | 1841  | 1851  | 1861  | 1871  | 1881  | 1891  | 1901
Population  | 7,975  | 8,955  | 10,338  | 12,055  | 13,402  | 14,328  | 14,563  | 14,548  | 14,973  | 12,883  | 12,427
Year  | 1911  | 1921  | 1931  | 1941  | 1951  | 1961  | 1971  | 1981  | 1991  | 2001  | 2011
Population  | 10,974  | 10,979  | 10,196  | [nb 2] | 10,762  | \-  | 10,063  | 11,214  | 11,467  | 10,845  | 11,955

Census: 1801-2001[47][48][49]

## Education[edit]

Montrose Academy

Schools include six primary schools, Lochside, Ferryden, Southesk, Rosemount, Borrowfield and St Margarets, and one secondary school Montrose Academy.

## Economy[edit]

Glaxo Montrose

The economy of the town has been expanding since the end of the Second World War. GlaxoSmithKline has been a major source of jobs since the 1950s.[50] Other significant employers include Tesco, Cooperative Group, Petrofac, National Oilwell Varco, Baker Hughes and Argos. The Lochside Distillery, located on Brechin Road north of the town centre, was closed down in the 1990s and the buildings demolished in 2005 after a fire. In 2009 Sainsbury's announced plans to build a new superstore on the edge of the town which was to provide work for an estimated 200 people. Construction of the new Sainsburys store was approved by Angus Council in August 2011 and spokespersons from Sainsburys believed at the time that the store would open in less than a year, unfortunately Sainsburys cancelled these plans and 4 commercial units were built on the site in 2018. BT initially upgraded the local telephone exchange to grant the town access to super fast fiberoptic broadband services one of only three towns to be chosen in Scotland.[51] The average price of housing in the town is between £106,054 and £131,539,[52] a rise on the 1998 average between £42,640 and £51,200.[53]

### Tourism[edit]

Since 2002 there has been a focus on attracting new visitors to the town with the foundation of the Montrose Town Partnership which aims to "encourage representatives of the public, private and community sector to act together to develop the economic potential of Montrose to address the needs of local people and visitors alike".[54] Membership includes The Montrose Society, Montrose Heritage Trust, Montrose Community Council, Montrose Golf Links Ltd, MERPRO Leisure, Montrose Business and Retailers Association, Scottish Wildlife Trust, Angus Council, Ferryden & Craig and Hillside, Dun and Logie Pert community councils.[54] Since 2002 they have produced a number of promotional leaflets and have established a weekly Saturday market in the town centre.[55] In 2002 plans were unveiled to renovate the Mid Links.[56] The project was completed in 2003 at the total cost of £1.8million with £1.2million granted by the Heritage Lottery Fund.[57] Plaques have been incorporated to inform visitors of the historical heritage of the town's buildings.

The bridge over the North Esk north of Montrose marks the border between Angus and Aberdeenshire.

## Culture[edit]

Montrose Library

### Cultural history[edit]

Montrose Museum

Montrose is regarded as the culture and sculpture capital of Angus,[58] with over 20 statues of note scattered around the town. They are a mix of contemporary and classical works, with many by the local sculptor, William Lamb ARSA, an artist of exceptional talent. From the 1920s to 1940s, local architect George Fairweather's studio provided a forum for lively debate by an artistic community that included Hugh MacDiarmid, Edwin Muir, William Lamb, Helen Cruickshank and Fionn MacColla. The local weekly newspaper, the Montrose Review, was edited by MacDiarmid.

### Music[edit]

Since 2008, Montrose has hosted the Montrose Music Festival or Mo Fest as it has affectionately become known, which takes place each year at the end of May. It has grown in size and stature each year to become Scotland's biggest free live music festival with over 200 free gigs played over the three days in over 26 venues across the town, including an open-air stage on Montrose's historic High street with the dominating Montrose Steeple behind the stage which draws crowds of all ages from all over the country.

In 2014 the MoFest team took a leap and hosted a gig on Montrose East Links to 5000 revelers on the Friday night which kicked off the 7th annual festival with rock legends Status Quo playing to the sell-out crowd. Other Notable Headliners who have played at the festival include Average White Band, Deacon Blue, The Proclaimers, Ocean Colour Scene, Toploader, Eddi Reader, Bryan Adams, The Beach Boys & Madness.

### Film[edit]

The Montrose Playhouse is a community-led cinema and arts venue which opened in 2021. Originally a historic swimming pool, the building has been transformed into a multi-purpose space that hosts film screenings, live performances, and educational events. With the closing of the Belmont in Aberdeen, it has now established itself as a leading cultural hub in the region, especially for independent cinema.[59]

### Sport[edit]

Montrose is also a qualifying course for The Open Championship. Past events hosted on the Montrose Links include:

* Scottish Professional Championship, 1909, 1967, 1970
* Scottish Amateur Championship, 1905, 1913, 1919, 1926 and 1925
* British Boys Championship, 1991; Scottish Universities Championship
* Final Qualifying for The Open, 1999 and 2007.

Links Park is home to three football teams:

* A senior side, Montrose F.C., who are members of the Scottish Football League and currently play in League One.
* A junior side, Montrose Roselea F.C., who play in the sixth tier of Scottish football.
* A women's side, Montrose W.F.C., who play in the Scottish Women's Premier League.

Other sports associations include the Montrose Cricket Club, Montrose Tennis Club, Montrose & District SEALS Swimming Club, Montrose & District Athletics, Montrose and District rugby union club, Montrose Sailing Club and several bowls clubs which are part of the Montrose & District Bowling Club Association.

Helen Matthews a suffragette and women's footballer was born in Montrose. She created the first-ever women's football team. This team beat England 3–1 in their second match in May 1881.

## Media[edit]

Television signals are received from either the Durris[60] or Angus TV transmitters. [61]

The radio stations that cover the area are BBC Radio Scotland which broadcast from the local opt in Dundee on 92.7 FM and Radio North Angus also broadcast on 87.7 FM. [62]

Local newspapers are Montrose Review[63] and The Courier.

## Religious sites[edit]

### Christian groups[edit]

There are many churches in Montrose. Three belong to the Church of Scotland: Montrose Old and St Andrew's ('Auld Kirk'), Montrose: South and Ferryden, Dun and Hillside Church. There are two United Free Churches: Knox's Church and Ferryden Church. Grace Church Montrose is a new church plant belonging to the Free Church of Scotland.[64][65] In the Links, there is an Episcopal Church (St Mary's and St Peter's);[66] the United Reformed Church and Methodist Church are nearby. A Quaker group meets in the town. The Roman Catholic community is served by St Margaret's Roman Catholic Church. There is also a Baptist Church situated in Borrowfield.

The most prominent church is the Old and St Andrew's Church, Montrose. Reverend Dr Charles Nisbet who became minister in 1764 described it as a church which "embraced much cultivation and intelligence".[67]

### Other groups[edit]

In Borrowfield there is a LDS Church and a Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses lies on the edge of the town.

## Transport[edit]

The town is served by Montrose railway station, which is a stop on the Dundee–Aberdeen line. Services to Aberdeen, Glasgow Queen Street, Edinburgh Waverley, Dundee and Perth are operated by ScotRail;[68] some London North Eastern Railway services to Aberdeen, Leeds and London King's Cross stop here.[69]

Local bus services are operated predominantly by Stagecoach East Scotland. Key routes connect the town with Arbroath, Brechin and Dundee; the X7 Coastrider bus route between Aberdeen and Perth runs through the town.[70]

## Public services[edit]

Montrose and the surrounding area is supplied with water by Scottish Water from the Lintrathen and Backwater reservoirs in Glen Isla. Electricity distribution is by Scottish Hydro Electric plc, part of the Scottish and Southern Energy group.

Waste management is handled by Angus Council. There is a kerbside recycling scheme that has been in operation since March 2005. Cans, glass, paper and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis. Compostable material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks.[71] Roughly two-thirds of non-recyclable material is sent to landfill at Angus Council's site at Lochhead, Forfar and the remainder sent for incineration (with energy recovery) outside the council area.[72]

A recycling centre is located at Broomfield Road. Items accepted include, steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages. Angus council publishes details of where and how each product is processed.[73] There are also glass banks at Tesco in Western Road and Scotmid in New Wynd, as well as a neighbourhood recycling point at Wharf Street.[74] The Angus Council area had a recycling rate of 34.7% in 2007/08.[71]

Healthcare is supplied in the area by NHS Tayside. The nearest hospital with accident and emergency departments is Ninewells Hospital, Dundee. Primary Health Care in Montrose is supplied by Castlegait Surgery, Townhead Practice and Annatbank Practice which are based at the Links Health Centre. Montrose along with the rest of Scotland is served by the Scottish Ambulance Service.[75] Montrose Royal Infirmary, which had served as a community hospital, closed in April 2018.[76]

Law enforcement is provided by Police Scotland,[77] and Montrose is served by Tayside Fire and Rescue Service.[78]

## Notable people[edit]

* Anthony Baxter (born 1982), a documentary director and producer known for Eye of the Storm, Flint: Who Can You Trust?, You've Been Trumped and A Dangerous Game.
* Ernie Copland (1924-1971), footballer who played for Arbroath, Dundee and Raith Rovers. He was selected for Scotland's 1954 FIFA World Cup squad, but did not travel to the finals and never actually played for the national side.
* Robert Brown FRSE FRS FLS MWS (1773–1858), famous botanist, who discovered Brownian motion.
* James Brown (1734–1791), clergyman of the Scottish Episcopal Church. Held allegiance to the House of Stuart before and after 1788. Jacobite. Father of botanist Robert Brown, above.
* Alexander Allan (1809–1891), locomotive engineer. Invented the balanced slide valve, & the straight-link valve gear.
* Edward Baird (1904–1949), artist.
* Captain Sir Alexander Burnes FRS (1805–1841), explorer.
* Charles Burgess (1873-1961), professional golfer and footballer.
* David Carnegie (1772–1837), entrepreneur & banker. Founded Carnegie Investment Bank.
* George Paul Chalmers RSA (1833–1878), landscape, seascape, portrait and interior painter.
* Helen Cruickshank (1886–1975), poet.[79]
* Henry Renny-Tailyour (1849–1920), sportsman representing Scotland in some of the earliest international football and rugby union matches. Born in India, he spent his childhood on the family estate at Newmanswalls.
* Malcolm Duncan (1945–2019), tenor saxophonist and founding member of the Average White Band.
* Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean (born 1954), a British financier and Conservative politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stirling from 1983 to 1997 and served in the cabinet of John Major as Secretary of State for Scotland from 1995 to 1997.
* James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose (1612–1650), poet, soldier, lord lieutenant and later viceroy and captain general of Scotland.
* Joseph Hume FRS (1777–1855), doctor and politician.
* Allan Octavian Hume CB ICS (1829–1912), a political reformer, ornithologist and botanist who worked in British India. He has been called "the Father of Indian Ornithology".
* William Lamb RSA (1893–1951), sculptor and artist.
* Violet Jacob (1863–1946), writer & poet, known especially for her historical novel Flemington.
* David Erskine, Lord Dun (1670–1758), 13th Laird of Dun, advocate, judge and commissioner to the Scottish parliament. Commissioned William Adam to build the House of Dun. Opposed the Union.
* John Erskine of Dun (1509–1591), Laird of Dun, Scottish religious reformer.
* John Ewen (1741–1821), songwriter.
* Sam Grove-White (born 1992), a professional rugby union referee who represents the Scottish Rugby Union and has officiated in the Japanese Top League, URC, World Rugby Sevens Series, Commonwealth Games and at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
* David Luckie (1827–1909), journalist and politician[80]
* Fionn MacColla (1906–1975), novelist closely connected to the Scottish Renaissance. Founding member of the National Party of Scotland in 1928.
* Hugh MacDiarmid (1892–1978), poet, and sometime editor and reporter of local newspaper, the Montrose Review. Considered a principal force in the Scottish Renaissance. Founding member of the National Party of Scotland in 1928.
* John McGovern (b. 1949), football player and manager. Captained Nottingham Forest side that won the European Cup twice.
* Andrew Melville (1545–1622), scholar, theologian, poet and religious reformer. Participated in Knox's reformation in Scotland.
* James Morrison RSA, RSW (1932 – 2020), artist.
* Willa Muir (1890–1970), feminist novelist, academic and pioneering translator into English of major works by Franz Kafka.
* William Barclay Peat (1852–1936), accountant, a founder of KPMG.
* Hercules Ross (1745–1816), merchant and abolitionist.
* Horatio Ross (1801–1886), sportsman, photographer & politician. Son of Hercules Ross.
* Commander E. C. Shankland FRSE (1880–1951), naval officer and harbour expert.
* Gordon Smith (1924–2004), footballer. Only player to have won a Scottish league championship with three clubs.
* George Wishart (1513–1546), Protestant reformer.
* Helen Matthews (1857/8 – ?), suffragette and women's footballer. Created the first ever women's football team. This team beat England 3–1 in their second match ever in May 1881.
* John Taylor (1816–1881), merchant and politician in Nova Scotia.
* James Strachan (1810–1875), merchant, grazier and politician in Victoria, Australia.
* John Clerk of Pennycuik (1611–1674), merchant who maintained a comprehensive archive of family papers, now held by the National Archives of Scotland and the National Library of Scotland.
* Betsy Whyte (1919-1988), a Scottish traveller, singer and storyteller. Author of a two-part biography Yellow on the Broom and Red Rowans and Wild Honey detailed growing up as a traveller in rural Scotland between the First and Second World Wars. Recordings of her performances are held in the University of Edinburgh.

## Twin towns[edit]

* - Luzarches, France \- Montrose has been twinned with Luzarches since 1994.[81]

## Legacy[edit]

The town gives its name to the neighbourhood of Montrose in Houston, United States.[82]

Walter Scott's A Legend of Montrose is based during the Earl of Montrose's 1644-5 military campaign in Scotland. Montrose, Colorado, United States takes it's name from this book.

In J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter universe, there is a professional Quidditch team from the township of Montrose; The Montrose Magpies.

Two Royal Navy ships have been named HMS Montrose after the Duke of Montrose.

## See also[edit]

* RAF Montrose
* House of Dun
* List of Provosts of Montrose
* Montrose Air Station Heritage Centre

Neighbouring localities

| Edzell | Hillside | North Sea

|
|

|  |
Brechin |

Montrose

| North Sea
|  |
Friockheim | Ferryden | North Sea

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ Early population statistics (1801–1841) include both the Burgh of Montrose and the outlying parish
2. ^ No census 1941 due to World War II

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
2. ^ "GlaxoSmithKline - Montrose Plant". www.contractorsunlimited.co.uk. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
3. ^ "Montrose High Street". Archived from the original on 11 April 2009.
4. ^ C. Michael Hogan, Stone of Morphie, 2007, Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham
5. ^ Mitchell (1866), p. 1
6. ^ a b "The Royal Burgh of Montrose", Angus Council Archived 23 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine
7. ^ A.D Mills, A Dictionary of British Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 0-19-852758-6
8. ^ [1] Rev. Mr. Alexander Molleson, "Town and Parish of Montrose", The Statistical Accounts of Scotland (1791-99), Vol.5, p. 24
9. ^ Mitchell (1866), p6
10. ^ a b c d e f Andrew Jervise, "Memorials of Angus and the Mearns"
11. ^ a b c d e Mitchell (1866), p. 8
12. ^ Angus Council, "The Royal Burgh of Montrose" Archived 23 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine
13. ^ "Journey to the centre of the mud". Scottish Wildlife Trust. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
14. ^ "Dronner's Dyke". Canmore. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
15. ^ "Accused Witches of Angus: The Last Witch of Montrose". 9 June 2021.
16. ^ "Montrose Basin Heritage Society - Origin of Names". Montrosebasinheritage.org.uk. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
17. ^ "Dronner's Dyke Destroyed". 17 January 2016.
18. ^ Alan Murphy, Scotland, Footprint Travel Guides. 2004, p504
19. ^ [2] Revd Mr Alexander Molleson, "Town and Parish of Montrose", The Statistical Accounts of Scotland (1791-99), Vol.5, p. 32
20. ^ Samuel Johnson, The Works of Samuel Johnson (1823), p. 239
21. ^ Angus Council, "Provost Alexander Christie of Montrose (c 1721-1794)" Archived 25 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine
22. ^ "THB 23 Sunnyside Royal Hospital". Archive Services Online Catalogue. University of Dundee. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
23. ^ [3] Rev. Mr. Alexander Molleson, "Town and Parish of Montrose", The Statistical Accounts of Scotland (1791-99), Vol.5, p. 35
24. ^ "Montrose air station, the UK's first airfield, marks centenary". BBC News. 23 February 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
25. ^ Riach, Alan (2016), Modernist Montrose: Scotland’s 1920s Capital of Culture!
26. ^ Fraser, Linda J. & Benvie, Rachel H.F. (2015), Ideas o' Their Ain: Montrose and the Scottish Renaissance, Angus Council Museums and Galleries, OCLC 990486100
27. ^ a b c Forbes Inglis, "An Invasion of Montrose", Montrose Review, 20 August 2009.
28. ^ Gazetteer of Scottish Places Archived 7 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
29. ^ "Local Elections 5 May 2022 - Results - Montrose and District". Angus Council. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
30. ^ a b c d OS Explorer 1:25000 382 (6th edition) Arbroath, Montrose & Carnoustie, Ordnance Survey, 2006
31. ^ "UK Postcode to PostCode Distance Calculator: DD10 to EH1". PostCode.org.uk. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
32. ^ "UK Postcode to PostCode Distance Calculator: DD10 to W1". PostCode.org.uk. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
33. ^ Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics[permanent dead link]
34. ^ N. W. H. Allsop, Breakwaters, Coastal Structures and Coastlines, Institution of Civil Engineers, 2002, Thomas Telford publisher, 520 pages ISBN 0-7277-3042-8
35. ^ [4] Rev. Mr. Alexander Molleson, "Town and Parish of Montrose", The Statistical Accounts of Scotland (1791-99), Vol.5, p. 26
36. ^ a b "Nature Reserve Comes of Age". Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2009. Angus Council, "Nature Reserve Comes of Age", 20 June 2002
37. ^ "SWT dispute basin claim". Montrose Review. 31 December 2009.
38. ^ The Links Hotel. Retrieved on 27 August 2009. Archived 21 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
39. ^ Dowie, Mark (27 March 2009). "Internet campaign aims to raise awareness of coastal erosion". Press & Journal. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
40. ^ a b Dowie, Mark (31 December 2009). "National Award for Erosion Film". Montrose Review.
41. ^ "Beach sand plan may be bunkered". BBC News. 6 June 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
42. ^ "Historic golf course erosion fear". BBC News. 5 April 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
43. ^ montrosepictures (5 March 2009). "SOS Montrose Dredging". Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2018 - via YouTube.
44. ^ "Comparative Population Profile: Carnoustie Locality", Scotland's Census Results Online (29 April 2001), archived from the original on 9 October 2008, retrieved 1 September 2008
45. ^ "Sheltered Housing for Montrose". Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2009. Angus Council, "Sheltered Housing for Montrose", 6 November 2001
46. ^ Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics[permanent dead link]
47. ^ "Historic Statistics". A Vision of Britain through time. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
48. ^ "Montrose Settlement" (PDF). Angus Council Planning and Transport Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
49. ^ "Online Historical Population Reports". University of Essex. 2007. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
50. ^ "Day Out at Seafront Splash for Pupils". Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2009., "Angus Council, Day Out at Seafront Splash For Pupils", 21 June 2002
51. ^ Montrose Review, 20 August 2009.
52. ^ Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics 2008[permanent dead link]
53. ^ Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics[permanent dead link]
54. ^ a b "Montrose Partnership News". Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2009. Angus Council, "Montrose Partnership News", 13 December 2004
55. ^ "Montrose Town Partnership". Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2009. Angus Council, "Montrose Town Partnership", 11 December 2001
56. ^ "Mid Links Restoration Plans to Go on Display". Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2009. Angus Council, "Mid Links Restoration Plans to go on display", 6 June 2002.
57. ^ "Mid Links Montrose". Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2009. Angus Council, "Mid Links Montrose", 24 December 2003
58. ^ "Draft Amendment to the Downtown Enhancement Plan". Retrieved on 11 September 2009.
59. ^ "Len Ironside: Community-focused Montrose Playhouse is a great example of what Aberdeen's Belmont cinema could be".
60. ^ "Full Freeview on the Durris (Aberdeenshire, Scotland) transmitter". 1 May 2004. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
61. ^ "Full Freeview on the Angus (Dundee City, Scotland) transmitter". 1 May 2004. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
62. ^ "Radio North Angus". Retrieved 19 February 2024.
63. ^ "Montrose Review". British Papers. 28 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
64. ^ "Grace Church Montrose – TheWeeFlea.com". theweeflea.wordpress.com. June 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
65. ^ "New congregation in Montrose begins this weekend". Free Church of Scotland. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
66. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Provost Scott's Road, St Mary's and St Peter's Episcopal Church including churchyard, boundary walls, gatepiers and gates (Category A Listed Building) (LB38204)". Retrieved 17 June 2019.
67. ^ Miller, Samuel (3 April 2018). "Memoir of the Rev. Charles Nisbet, D.D.: Late President of Dickinson College, Carlisle". R. Carter.
68. ^ "Timetables". ScotRail. May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
69. ^ "Our timetables". LNER. May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
70. ^ "Montrose Bus Services". Bus Times. 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
71. ^ a b "Angus Council kerbside Recycling Scheme". Angus Council. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
72. ^ "Angus Council local plan section 37" (PDF). Angus Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
73. ^ "Angus Council Recycling centres". Angus Council. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
74. ^ "Neighbourhood Recycling Points & Glass Banks in Angus". Angus Council. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
75. ^ "Scottish Ambulance Service". Retrieved 10 March 2011.
76. ^ "End of era at Montrose Infirmary should be "line in the sand" for Angus healthcare, demands MP". 19 April 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
77. ^ "Tayside Police". Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
78. ^ "Tayside Fire and Rescue Service". Retrieved 10 March 2011.
79. ^ "Helen Burness Cruickshank from The Gazetteer for Scotland". scottish-places.info. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
80. ^ David Luckie
81. ^ Montrose Review, 27 August 2009
82. ^ Feser, Katherine (23 March 1997). "Montrose not for starving artists anymore". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on 19 April 2000. Retrieved 4 June 2019.

## Further reading[edit]

* Norman Keir Atkinson, The Early History of Montrose, (Angus Council Cultural Services, 1997) ISBN 1-873752-30-X
* James Bowick, John Lee et al., Montrose Characters: Past and Present, (Montrose, 1881)
* Duncan Fraser, Montrose (before 1700), (Montrose: Standard Press, 1967)
* Duncan Fraser, The Smugglers, (Montrose: Standard Press, 1971)
* Gordon Jackson & S.G.E. Lythe (eds), The Port of Montrose, (Tayport: Hutton, 1993) ISBN 1-872167-51-9
* James G. Low, Industry in Montrose, (Monikie: Pitnolen Publications, 1994)
* W. A. McNeil, Montrose before 1700 from original documents, (Dundee: Abertay Historical Society, 1961)
* David Mitchell, The History of Montrose, (Montrose: Geo. Walker, 1866)
* Tom Valentine, Old Montrose, (Catrine: Stenlake, 1997)

## External links[edit]

* Old maps of Montrose (1693–1861)
* History of Montrose by Angus Council
* Montrose Natural History and Antiquarian Society
* Visit Montrose

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Settlements in Angus

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Villages and hamlets|

* Aberlemno
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* Douglastown
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* Edzell
* Elliot
* Farnell
* Ferryden
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* Folda
* Friockheim
* Gallowfauld
* Gardynebourg †
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* Greystone
* Guthrie
* Hillside
* Hunter's Town †
* Inveraldie
* Inverarity
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* Inverpeffer †
* Kellas
* Kincaldrum
* Kingennie
* Kingsmuir
* Kirkbuddo
* Kirkinch
* Kirkton of Glenisla
* Kirkton of Kingoldrum
* Letham
* Liff
* Little Brechin
* Little Forter
* Lucknow
* Lunan
* Lundie
* Marywell
* Memus
* Menmuir
* Milden
* Milton of Finavon
* Milton of Ogilvie
* Monikie
* Muirdrum
* Muirhead
* Murroes
* Newbigging
* Newtyle
* Noranside
* Oathlaw
* Old Balkello
* Panbride
* Redford
* Ruthven
* Salmond's Muir
* St Vigeans
* Stracathro
* Strathmartine
* Tannadice
* Tarfside
* Tealing
* Templeton
* Trinity
* Unthank
* Upper Victoria
* Wellbank
* Wester Denoon
* Whigstreet
* Woodhill

Notable houses|

* Ascreavie
* Balintore Castle
* House of Dun
* Edzell Castle
* Finavon Castle
* Glamis Castle
* Kinnordy House
* Kinpurnie Castle
* Panmure House †
* West Seaton House

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