Monument to Cuba (Madrid)

Monument in Madrid

Cuba

Location| El Retiro, Madrid, Spain
Coordinates| 40°25′04″N 3°40′51″W﻿ / ﻿40.417806°N 3.680936°W﻿ / 40.417806; -3.680936
Designer| Mariano Benlliure
Miquel Blay
Francisco Asorey
Juan Cristóbal [es]
Material| Limestone, granite, bronze
Beginning date| 1929
Completion date| 1930
Opening date| 27 October 1952
Dedicated to| Cuba

The Monument to Cuba is an instance of public art in Madrid, Spain, consisting of a fountain over which an sculptural group topped by an allegory of Cuba emerges from. It is located at El Retiro Park.

## History and description

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The idea dates back at least to 1928, and it was endorsed by Miguel Primo de Rivera.[1] The Ayuntamiento de Madrid approved the erection of a monument in homage to Cuba in 1929.[2] The director of the works was Mariano Benlliure,[3] who counted with help from Miquel Blay, Francisco Asorey and Juan Cristóbal [es] for the sculptural elements. Works chiefly took place between 1929 and 1930,[4] only missing the monumental fountain by 1930.[5] The original project included a bronze sculpture of Cuban president Gerardo Machado,[3] yet, following the delay in the inauguration of the monument, it was never added to the ensemble.[5]

The leading element on top of the monument is a female allegory of Cuba, wearing a thinly draped tunic and a Phrygian cap, designed by Blay.[6] The pedestal displays the supporting figures of Christopher Columbus (by Asorey), Isabella I of Castile (by Juan Cristóbal),[2] as well as the coat of arms of Cuba.[7] A bronze fore and an aft of a galleon, a work by Benlliure, also emerge from the sides of the pedestal.[4] The ensemble is also ornamented by iguanas, tortoises and tropicals fruits made of bronze,[8] also by Benlliure.[4] The animals serve as water source of the surrounding fountain.[4]

Following a long delay related to the political vicissitudes in both countries—including the renunciation of Primo de Rivera (1930), the proclamation of the Second Republic in Spain (1931) and the overthrow of Machado in Cuba (1933)—the monument was eventually unveiled more than two decades after its completion, on 27 October 1952,[9] on the occasion for the 460th anniversary of the discovery of the island of Cuba during the first voyage of Columbus. The ceremony was attended by José Finat y Escrivá de Romaní (Mayor of Madrid), Alberto Martín Artajo (Minister of Foreign Affairs), Mariano Vidal Tolosana (responsible for American affairs within the Foreign Ministry), the ambassadors of Cuba in Spain (Antonio Iraizoz) and Spain in Cuba (Juan Pablo de Lojendio [es]), and Mariano Ossorio Arévalo [es] (President of the Provincial Deputation of Madrid), among others.[9]

* Tortoise

* Cuba

* Coat of arms of Cuba

* Isabella

* Columbus

* Iguana

## Bibliography

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References

1. ^ Aparisi Laporta 2012, p. 14.
2. ^ a b "El monumento 'cubano' de El Retiro que tardó 20 años en inaugurarse". Madridiario. 27 October 2017.
3. ^ a b Castrovido 1930, p. 1.
4. ^ a b c d Aparisi Laporta 2011, p. 46.
5. ^ a b Aparisi Laporta 2012, p. 15.
6. ^ Vega 2016, p. 176.
7. ^ Aparisi Laporta 2011, p. 47.
8. ^ Ariza Muñoz 1986, p. 23.
9. ^ a b "Notas informativas del mes de octubre" (PDF). Boletín del Ayuntamiento de Madrid. LVI (2910): 855. 3 November 1952 – via Memoriademadrid.es.

Bibliography

* Aparisi Laporta, Luis Miguel (2011). "Esculturas y otros elementos ornamentales". El Parque del Buen Retiro (PDF). Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Madrileños. pp. 15–49\. ISBN 978-84-935195-4-4.
* Aparisi Laporta, Luis Miguel (2012). Protagonismo de la independencia de las repúblicas americanas en la estatuaria madrileña (PDF). Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Madrileños.
* Ariza Muñoz, M.ª Carmen (1986). "Los jardines del Buen Retiro de Madrid: segunda parte. Su época como parque municipal". Ciudad y Territorio (70). Madrid: Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana: 3–26\. ISSN 1133-4762.
* Castrovido, Roberto (19 July 1930). "Estatuas y monumentos". La Voz. XI (2982). Madrid: 1.
* Vega, Elo (2016). "Las bárbaras. Presencia y ausencia de las mujeres en los monumentos coloniales de Madrid" (PDF). In López Cuenca, R (ed.). Los bárbaros. Madrid. pp. 163–187\. ISBN 978-84-451-3568-6.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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Mariano Benlliure

Sculptures|

* Monument to Álvaro de Bazán (Madrid 1891)
* Monument to Isabella the Catholic (Granada 1892)
* Monument to General Cassola (Madrid 1892)
* Monument to Maria Christina of Bourbon (Madrid 1893)
* Monument to General Martínez Campos (Madrid 1907)
* Monument to Agustina de Aragón (Zaragoza 1908)
* Monument to Castelar (Madrid 1908)
* Equestrian statue at the Monument to Alfonso XII (Madrid 1922)
* Monument to Primo de Rivera (Jerez de la Frontera 1929)
* Monument to Antonio Maura (Palma 1929)
* Monument to Cuba (with Miguel Blay, Francisco Asorey and Juan Cristóbal González, Madrid 1930)

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