Monument to the Independence of Brazil

Sculpture in São Paulo, Brazil

Monument to the Independence of Brazil

Native name
Monumento à Independência do Brasil (Brazilian Portuguese)

The monument is located where the Brazilian Independence was declared

Location| São Paulo, Brazil
Coordinates| 23°34′49″S 46°36′36″W﻿ / ﻿23.58028°S 46.61000°W﻿ / -23.58028; -46.61000
Founded| 1922 (1922)
Built| 1884 (1884)–1926 (1926)
Architect| Manfredo Manfredi
Sculptor| Ettore Ximenes
Governing body| São Paulo

The Monument to the Independence of Brazil (Portuguese: Monumento à Independência do Brasil) is a granite and bronze monument located in the Independence Park in São Paulo, Brazil. It is also known as the Ipiranga Monument (Monumento do Ipiranga) or the Altar of the Fatherland (Altar da Pátria). The monument is located on the banks of the Ipiranga Brook, on the historic site where prince regent Pedro (later emperor as Pedro I) proclaimed the independence of the country on 7 September 1822.[1][2]

The monument was designed and built by Italian sculptor Ettore Ximenes (1855–1926) and Italian architect Manfredo Manfredi (1859–1927) to celebrate the first centennial of the Brazilian Independence in 1922.

## The crypt

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A crypt and chapel is located inside the monument. The crypt was built in 1972 to house the remains of Emperor Pedro I (also King of Portugal as Pedro IV) and his wives, Maria Leopoldina of Austria and Amélie of Leuchtenberg. The crypt is consecrated as a Catholic chapel, as demanded by the then head of the Brazilian imperial family, Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza. He agreed to allow the transfer of the remains of his ancestors to the monument on the condition that the place be consecrated as a Catholic place of burial, with a Catholic altar, where masses could be held. Pedro I and Amélie's remains were transferred from the Royal Pantheon of the House of Braganza in Lisbon; while Maria Leopoldina's was moved from the Imperial Mausoleum of St Anthony's Convent in Rio de Janeiro.[3][1][2]

* Pedro I's sarcophagus[a]

* Visitors

* Maria Leopoldina's sarcophagus[b]

* Amélie's grave[c]

## Sculptural set

[edit]

### Central panel

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The central relief panel depicting the Cry of Ipiranga

### The revolutionaries

[edit]

* The Minas Gerais conspirators

* The Pernambuco revolutionaries

### The four corner figures

[edit]

* Joaquim Gonçalves Ledo
leader of the independence movement in Rio de Janeiro

* Hipólito da Costa
the "father of Brazilian press"

* José Bonifácio
the "patriarch of independence"

* Diogo Antônio Feijó
regent of the Empire of Brazil

## Notes

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1. ^ The inscription reads: "Pedro I, founder of the Empire, 1st constitutional emperor and perpetual defender of Brazil, 28th king of Portugal, 4th of his name".
2. ^ Inscription: "Maria Leopoldina, archduchess of Austria, 1st empress of Brazil".
3. ^ Inscription: "Amelia de Beauharnais, duchess of Leuchtenberg, 2nd empress of Brazil".

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Moraes, Fábio Rodrigo de (2008). "Uma coleção de história em um museu de ciências naturais: o Museu Paulista de Hermann von Ihering". Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material. 16 (1): 203–233\. doi:10.1590/S0101-47142008000100006. ISSN 0101-4714.
2. ^ a b Oriá, Ricardo (2015). "Construindo o Panteão dos Heróis Nacionais: monumentos à República, rituais cívicos e o ensino de História". Revista História Hoje. 3 (6): 49–50\. doi:10.20949/rhhj.v3i6.137. ISSN 1806-3993.
3. ^ "Monumento à Independência do Brasil foi restaurado". Gazeta da Mooca (in Portuguese). Sao Paulo, Brazil. 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2017-11-13.

## External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monumento à Independência do Brasil.

* Monument to the Independence of Brazil at the São Paulo City Museum Website (in Portuguese)

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Visitor attractions in São Paulo

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