Mount Shasta

Stratovolcano in California, United States

This article is about the volcano in California. For the town, see Mount Shasta, California. For other peaks named Shasta, see List of peaks named Shasta.

Mount Shasta

Aerial view of Mount Shasta from the southwest

Highest point
Elevation| 14,179 ft (4,322 m)[1]
NAVD88
Prominence| 9,772 ft (2,979 m)[2]
Parent peak| North Palisade[2]
Isolation| 335 mi (539 km)[2]
Listing|

* World most prominent peaks 96th
* North America highest peaks 48th
* North America prominent peak 18th
* US most prominent peaks 11th
* North America isolated peaks 28th
* US highest major peaks 34th
* California highest major peaks 5th
* California fourteeners 5th
* California county high points 5th

Coordinates| 41°24′33″N 122°11′42″W﻿ / ﻿41.409196033°N 122.194888358°W﻿ / 41.409196033; -122.194888358[1]
Naming
Native name|

* Waka-nunee-Tuki-wuki (Shasta)
* Úytaahkoo (Karok)

Geography

Mount Shasta

Location in California, U.S.

Show map of California

Mount Shasta

Mount Shasta (the United States)

Show map of the United States

Location| Shasta–Trinity National Forest, California, U.S.
Parent range| Cascade Range
Topo map| USGS Mount Shasta
Geology
Formed by| Subduction zone volcanism
Rock age| About 593,000 years
Mountain type| Stratovolcano
Volcanic arc| Cascade Volcanic Arc
Last eruption| 1250[3]
Climbing
First ascent| 1854 by E. D. Pearce and party[4]
Easiest route| Avalanche Gulch ("John Muir") route: talus/snow climb[4]

U.S. National Natural Landmark

Designated| 1976

Mount Shasta (/ˈʃæstə/ SHASS-tə; Shasta: Waka-nunee-Tuki-wuki;[5] Karuk: Úytaahkoo)[6] is a potentially active[7] stratovolcano at the southern end of the Cascade Range in Siskiyou County, California. At an elevation of 14,179 ft (4,322 m), it is the second-highest peak in the Cascades and the fifth-highest in the state. Mount Shasta has an estimated volume of 85 cubic miles (350 cubic kilometers), which makes it the most voluminous stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc.[8][9] The mountain and surrounding area are part of the Shasta–Trinity National Forest.

## Description

[edit]

The origin of the name "Shasta" is vague, either derived from a people of a name like it or otherwise garbled by early Westerners. Mount Shasta is connected to its satellite cone of Shastina, and together they dominate the landscape. Shasta rises abruptly to tower nearly 14,179 feet (4,000 m) above its surroundings.[4] On a clear winter day, the mountain can be seen from the floor of the Central Valley 140 miles (230 km) to the south.[10] The mountain has attracted the attention of poets,[11] authors,[12] and presidents.[13]

The mountain consists of four overlapping dormant volcanic cones that have built a complex shape, including the main summit and the prominent and visibly conical satellite cone of 12,330 ft (3,760 m) Shastina. If Shastina were a separate mountain, it would rank as the fourth-highest peak of the Cascade Range (after Mount Rainier, Rainier's Liberty Cap, and Mount Shasta itself).[4]

Mount Shasta's surface is relatively free of deep glacial erosion except, paradoxically, for its south side where Sargents Ridge[14] runs parallel to the U-shaped Avalanche Gulch. This is the largest glacial valley on the volcano, although it does not now have a glacier in it. There are seven named glaciers on Mount Shasta, with the four largest (Whitney, Bolam, Hotlum, and Wintun) radiating down from high on the main summit cone to below 10,000 ft (3,000 m) primarily on the north and east sides.[4] The Whitney Glacier is the longest, and the Hotlum is the most voluminous glacier in the state of California. Three of the smaller named glaciers occupy cirques near and above 11,000 ft (3,400 m) on the south and southeast sides, including the Watkins, Konwakiton, and Mud Creek glaciers.[citation needed]

## History

[edit]

The first written record and description was made on May 20, 1817, by Spaniard Narciso Durán, a member of the Luis Antonio Argüello expedition into the upper areas of the Sacramento River Valley, who wrote "At about ten leagues to the northwest of this place we saw the very high hill called by soldiers that went near its slope Jesus Maria, It is entirely covered with snow."[15] Peter Skene Ogden (a leader of a Hudson's Bay Company trapping brigade) in 1826 recorded sighting the mountain, and in 1827, the name "Sasty" or "Sastise" was given to nearby Mount McLoughlin by Ogden.[16] An 1839 map by David Burr lists the mountain as Rogers Peak.[17] This name was apparently dropped, and the name Shasta was transferred to present-day Mount Shasta in 1841, partly as a result of work by the United States Exploring Expedition.

Mount Shasta seen from south of Weed, California

Beginning in the 1820s, Mount Shasta was a prominent landmark along what became known as the Siskiyou Trail, which runs at Mount Shasta's base. The Siskiyou Trail was on the track of an ancient trade and travel route of Native American footpaths between California's Central Valley and the Pacific Northwest.

The California Gold Rush brought the first Euro-American settlements into the area in the early 1850s, including at Yreka, California and Upper Soda Springs. The first recorded ascent of Mount Shasta occurred in 1854 (by Elias Pearce), after several earlier failed attempts. In 1856, the first women (Harriette Eddy, Mary Campbell McCloud, and their party) reached the summit.[18][19]

Clarence King exploring the Whitney Glacier in 1870

By the 1860s and 1870s, Mount Shasta was the subject of scientific and literary interest. In 1854 John Rollin Ridge titled a poem "Mount Shasta." A book by California pioneer and entrepreneur James Hutchings, titled Scenes of Wonder and Curiosity in California, contained an account of an early summit trip in 1855.[20] The summit was achieved (or nearly so) by John Muir, Josiah Whitney, Clarence King, and John Wesley Powell. In 1877, Muir wrote a dramatic popular article about his surviving an overnight blizzard on Mount Shasta by lying in the hot sulfur springs near the summit.[21] This experience was inspiration to Kim Stanley Robinson's short story "Muir on Shasta".

The 1887 completion of the Central Pacific Railroad, built along the line of the Siskiyou Trail between California and Oregon, brought a substantial increase in tourism, lumbering, and population into the area around Mount Shasta. Early resorts and hotels, such as Shasta Springs and Upper Soda Springs, grew up along the Siskiyou Trail around Mount Shasta, catering to these early adventuresome tourists and mountaineers.

In the early 20th century, the Pacific Highway followed the track of the Siskiyou Trail to the base of Mount Shasta, leading to still more access to the mountain. Today's version of the Siskiyou Trail, Interstate 5, brings thousands of people each year to Mount Shasta.

From February 13–19, 1959, the Mount Shasta Ski Bowl obtained the record for the most snowfall during one storm in the U.S., with a total of 15.75 feet (480 cm).[22]

Mount Shasta was declared a National Natural Landmark in December 1976.[23]

The "Shasta Gulch" is referenced in the lyrics to the 1994 song "Unfair" by cult indie rock band Pavement.

### Legends

[edit]

Main article: Legends of Mount Shasta

Sunrise over Mount Shasta

The lore of some of the Klamath Tribes in the area held that Mount Shasta is inhabited by the Spirit of the Above-World, Skell, who descended from heaven to the mountain's summit at the request of a Klamath chief. Skell fought with Spirit of the Below-World, Llao, who resided at Mount Mazama by throwing hot rocks and lava, probably representing the volcanic eruptions at both mountains.[24]

Italian settlers arrived in the early 1900s to work in the mills as stonemasons and established a strong Catholic presence in the area. Mount Shasta City and Dunsmuir, California, small towns near Shasta's western base, are focal points for many of these, which range from a Buddhist monastery (Shasta Abbey, founded by Houn Jiyu-Kennett in 1971) to modern-day Native American rituals. A group of Native Americans from the McCloud River area practice rituals on the mountain.[25]

Mount Shasta has also been a focus for non-Native American legends, centered on a hidden city of advanced beings from the lost continent of Lemuria.[26] The legend grew from an offhand mention of Lemuria in the 1880s, to a description of a hidden Lemurian village in 1925. In 1931, Harvey Spencer Lewis, using the pseudonym Wishar S[penle] Cerve,[27][28] wrote Lemuria: The Lost Continent of the Pacific, published by AMORC, about the hidden Lemurians of Mount Shasta that cemented the legend in many readers' minds.[26] A 1941 novella by Robert A. Heinlein, Lost Legacy, drew on these legends and portrayed the mountain as the home of a community of peaceful and powerful "adepts" who had the goal of advancing the human race.

in 2024, a 20-foot bronze statue of the Virgin Mary was built in the Ski Park. The statue was built in memory of Ray Merlo, husband and business partner of the Ski Park's owner, Robin Merlo. Ray Merlo died from cancer in 2020.[29]

## Climate

[edit]

Climate data for Mount Shasta 41.4096 N, 122.2001 W, Elevation: 13,396 ft (4,083 m) (1991–2020 normals)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)  | 9.5
(−12.5)  | 12.2
(−11.0)  | 16.5
(−8.6)  | 23.8
(−4.6)  | 32.1
(0.1)  | 41.0
(5.0)  | 49.6
(9.8)  | 49.4
(9.7)  | 43.9
(6.6)  | 30.8
(−0.7)  | 15.7
(−9.1)  | 8.4
(−13.1)  | 27.7
(−2.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)  | −10.2
(−23.4)  | −8.0
(−22.2)  | −6.3
(−21.3)  | −2.4
(−19.1)  | 4.6
(−15.2)  | 11.5
(−11.4)  | 18.1
(−7.7)  | 16.5
(−8.6)  | 8.9
(−12.8)  | 1.9
(−16.7)  | −4.7
(−20.4)  | −9.6
(−23.1)  | 1.7
(−16.8)
Average precipitation inches (mm)  | 13.12
(333)  | 13.3
(340)  | 14.48
(368)  | 7.25
(184)  | 5.45
(138)  | 3.56
(90)  | 0.55
(14)  | 0.42
(11)  | 1.66
(42)  | 10.14
(258)  | 18.31
(465)  | 30.21
(767)  | 118.45
(3,010)
Source: PRISM Climate Group[30]

## Geology

[edit]

Mount Shasta photographed by a crew member during the International Space Station's 68th expedition, in October 2022

About 593,000 years ago, andesitic lavas erupted in what is now Mount Shasta's western flank near McBride Spring. Over time, an ancestral Mount Shasta stratovolcano was built to a large but unknown height; sometime between 300,000 and 360,000 years ago the entire north side of the volcano collapsed, creating an enormous landslide or debris avalanche, 6.5 cu mi (27 km3)[31] in volume. The slide flowed northwestward into Shasta Valley, where the Shasta River now cuts through the 28-mile-long (45 km) flow.

What remains of the oldest of Mount Shasta's four cones is exposed at Sargents Ridge on the south side of the mountain. Lavas from the Sargents Ridge vent cover the Everitt Hill shield at Mount Shasta's southern foot. The last lavas to erupt from the vent were hornblende-pyroxene andesites with a hornblende dacite dome at its summit. Glacial erosion has since modified its shape.[32]

The next cone to form is exposed south of Mount Shasta's current summit and is called Misery Hill. It was formed 15,000 to 20,000 years ago from pyroxene andesite flows and has since been intruded by a hornblende dacite dome.[citation needed]

Nearby Black Butte, seen from Weed, California

There are many buried glacial scars on the mountain that were created in recent glacial periods ("ice ages") of the present Wisconsinian glaciation. Most have since been filled in with andesite lava, pyroclastic flows, and talus from lava domes. Shastina, by comparison, has a fully intact summit crater indicating Shastina developed after the last ice age. Shastina has been built by mostly pyroxene andesite lava flows. Some 9,500 years ago, these flows reached about 6.8 mi (10.9 km) south and 3 mi (4.8 km) north of the area now occupied by nearby Black Butte. The last eruptions formed Shastina's present summit about a hundred years later. But before that, Shastina, along with the then forming Black Butte dacite plug dome complex to the west, created numerous pyroclastic flows that covered 43 sq mi (110 km2), including large parts of what is now Mount Shasta, California and Weed, California. Diller Canyon (400 ft or 120 m deep and 0.25 mi or 400 m wide) is an avalanche chute that was probably carved into Shastina's western face by these flows.[citation needed]

The last to form, and the highest cone, the Hotlum Cone, formed about 8,000 years ago. It is named after the Hotlum glacier on its northern face; its longest lava flow, the 500-foot-thick (150 m) Military Pass flow, extends 5.5 mi (8.9 km) down its northeast face. Since the creation of the Hotlum Cone, a dacite dome intruded the cone and now forms the summit. The rock at the 600-foot-wide (180 m) summit crater has been extensively hydrothermally altered by sulfurous hot springs and fumaroles there (only a few examples still remain).[citation needed]

In the last 8,000 years, the Hotlum Cone has erupted at least eight or nine times. About 200 years ago, the last significant Mount Shasta eruption came from this cone and created a pyroclastic flow, a hot lahar (mudflow), and three cold lahars, which streamed 7.5 mi (12.1 km) down Mount Shasta's east flank via Ash Creek. A separate hot lahar went 12 mi (19 km) down Mud Creek. This eruption was thought to have been observed by the explorer La Pérouse, from his ship off the California coast, in 1786, but this has been disputed.[33]

### Volcanic status

[edit]

During the last 10,000 years, Mount Shasta has erupted an average of every 800 years, but in the past 4,500 years the volcano has erupted an average of every 600 years.[3]

Diller Canyon on Shastina from Weed

USGS seismometers and GPS receivers operated by UNAVCO form the monitoring network for Mount Shasta. The volcano has been relatively quiet during the 21st century, with only a handful of small magnitude earthquakes and no demonstrable ground deformation. Although geophysically quiet, periodic geochemical surveys indicate that volcanic gas emanates from a fumarole at the summit of Mount Shasta from a deep-seated reservoir of partly molten rock.[34]

Mount Shasta's west face as seen from Hidden Valley high on the mountain. The west face gulley is an alternate climbing route to the summit.

Mount Shasta can release volcanic ash, pyroclastic flows or dacite and andesite lava. Its deposits can be detected under nearby small towns. Mount Shasta has an explosive, eruptive history. There are fumaroles on the mountain, which show Mount Shasta is still alive.[citation needed]

The worst-case scenario for an eruption is a large pyroclastic flow, similar to that which occurred in the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Since there is ice, such as Whitney Glacier and Mud Creek Glacier, lahars would also result.

The United States Geological Survey monitors Mount Shasta[35] and rates it as a very high-threat volcano.[36]

## Climbing

[edit]

Mount Shasta's west face, June 2009

The summer climbing season runs from late April until October, although many attempts are made in the winter.[4] Mount Shasta is also a popular destination for backcountry skiing. Many of the climbing routes can be descended by experienced skiers, and there are numerous lower-angled areas around the base of the mountain.[4]

No quota system currently exists for climbing Mount Shasta, and reservations are not required. However, climbers must obtain a summit pass and a wilderness permit to climb the mountain.[37]

## See also

[edit]

* List of mountain peaks of California
* List of California fourteeners
* List of California county high points
* List of Ultras of the United States
* List of volcanoes in the United States
* Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "MT SHASTA". NGS Data Sheet. National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
2. ^ a b c "Mount Shasta, California". Peakbagger.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
3. ^ a b "Shasta". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
4. ^ a b c d e f g Selters, Andy; Michael Zanger (2006). The Mount Shasta Book (3rd ed.). Wilderness Press. ISBN 978-0-89997-404-0.
5. ^ "College of the Siskiyous - Mount Shasta Annotated Bibliography" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2022. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
6. ^ Bright, William; Susan Gehr. "Karuk Dictionary and Texts". Archived from the original on July 11, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
7. ^ Dan Dzurisin; Peter H. Stauffer; James W. Hendley II; Sara Boore; Bobbie Myers; Susan Mayfield (1997). "Living with Volcanic Risk in the Cascades" (PDF). USGS. p. 2\. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
8. ^ Orr, Elizabeth L.; William N. Orr (1996). Geology of the Pacific Northwest. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies. p. 115\. ISBN 978-0-07-048018-6.
9. ^ "Mount Shasta and Vicinity, California". USGS. Archived from the original on February 20, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
10. ^ In 1878 the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey triangulated between heliotropes atop Mount Shasta and Mount St. Helena, 192 miles (309 km) south.
11. ^ Miller, Joaquin; Malcolm Margolin; Alan Rosenus (1996) [1873]. Life amongst the Modocs: unwritten history. Berkeley: Urion Press (distributed by Heyday Books). ISBN 978-0-930588-79-3.
12. ^ Muir, John (1923). "Letters, 1874–1888, of a personal nature, about Mount Shasta". In Bade, William Frederic (ed.). The Life and Letters of John Muir. Vol. II. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co. pp. 29–41, 49–50, 82–85, 219.
13. ^ Roosevelt, Theodore (1930). "Letter to Harrie Cassie Best, dated Nov. 12, 1908, White House". In James, George Wharton (ed.). Harry Cassie Best: Painter of the Yosemite Valley, California Oaks, and California Mountains. p. 18.
14. ^ "Sargents Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on November 4, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
15. ^ Duran, Narciso Fray (1911). Expedition on the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers in 1817: Diary of Fray Narciso Duran (PDF). University of California.
16. ^ "History". College of the Siskiyous. 1989. Archived from the original on March 8, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
17. ^ "Map of the United States Of North America. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection". www.davidrumsey.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
18. ^ "Up Shasta in '56" (PDF). Sisson Mirror. March 18, 1897. p.2 col.3. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2014. The Shasta Courier reprints from its files of 1856.
19. ^ "Mountaineering: 19th Century". Mount Shasta Annotated Bibliography. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
20. ^ Hutchings, James M (1862). "Scenes of Wonder and Curiosity in California". Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved May 1, 2008.
21. ^ "Snow-Storm on Mount Shasta" (PDF). siskiyous.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
22. ^ "Sierra Snowfall". Welcome to the Storm King. Mic Mac Publishing. January 28, 2011. Archived from the original on January 8, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
23. ^ "Mount Shasta". NPS: Nature & Science » National Natural Landmarks. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 16, 2011. Retrieved April 7, 2008.
24. ^ "History of Crater Lake". Oregon Explorer. Archived from the original on February 26, 2019. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
25. ^ "In The Light of Reverence". POV. Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on August 20, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
26. ^ a b "The Origin of the Lemurian Legend". Folklore of Mount Shasta. College of the Siskiyous. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012.
27. ^ Cerve, Wishar S. (1931). Lemuria, The Lost Continent Of the Pacific (PDF). AMORC. title page. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
28. ^ Melton, J. Gordon (March 1999). Religious leaders of America: a biographical guide to founders and leaders of religious bodies, churches, and spiritual groups in North America (2nd Revised ed.). Cengage Gale. p. 332\. ISBN 978-0810388789.
29. ^ "Mt. Shasta Ski Park Mother Mary statue completed". KOBI Television (Channel 5). December 10, 2024. Retrieved January 3, 2025.
30. ^ "PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University". PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2023. "To find the table data on the PRISM website, start by clicking Coordinates (under Location); copy Latitude and Longitude figures from top of table; click Zoom to location; click Precipitation, Minimum temp, Mean temp, Maximum temp; click 30-year normals, 1991-2020; click 800m; click Retrieve Time Series button."
31. ^ Sigurdsson, Haraldur (2001). Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-643140-7.
32. ^ Christiansen, Robert L.; Calvert, Andrew T.; Champion, Duane E.; Gardner, Cynthia A.; Fierstein, Judith E.; Vazquez, Jorge A. (August 10, 2020). "The remarkable volcanism of Shastina, a stratocone segment of Mount Shasta, California". Geosphere. 16 (5): 1153–1178\. Bibcode:2020Geosp..16.1153C. doi:10.1130/GES02080.1. ISSN 1553-040X.
33. ^ "History". Mount Shasta Companion. Archived from the original on August 29, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
34. ^ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20185159|California’s Exposure to Volcanic Hazards Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5159 Prepared in cooperation with the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services and the California Geological Surve
35. ^ Program, Volcano Hazards. "USGS: Volcano Hazards Program CalVO Mount Shasta". volcanoes.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on July 11, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
36. ^ "An Assessment of Volcanic Threat and Monitoring Capabilities in the United States: NVEWS Framework for a National Volcano Early Warning System" (PDF). USGS. 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
37. ^ "Mount Shasta Wilderness Permits and Summit Passes". U.S. Forest Service. Archived from the original on February 4, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2014.

## Sources

[edit]

* Crandell, D. R.; C. D. Miller; H. X. Glicken; R. L. Christiansen; C. G. Newhall (March 1984). "Catastrophic debris avalanche from ancestral Mount Shasta volcano, California". Geology. 12 (3): 143–146\. Bibcode:1984Geo....12..143C. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<143:CDAFAM>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0091-7613.
* Crandell, D.R.; Nichols, D.R. (1987). Volcanic hazards at Mount Shasta, California. Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
* Harris, Stephen L. (2005). Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes (3rd ed.). Mountain Press Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87842-511-2.
* Lamson, Berenice (1984). "Mount Shasta : a regional history". University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations: 140.
* "Mount Shasta Collection". College of the Siskiyous Library. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
* Miesse, William C. (June 17, 2005). "Mount Shasta Fact Sheet". College of the Siskiyous Library. Archived from the original on November 3, 2005. Retrieved February 11, 2006.
* Miesse, William C. "The Name 'Shasta'". Mount Shasta Annotated Bibliography. College of the Siskiyous Library. Archived from the original on May 15, 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2006.
* Peterson, Robyn; Miesse, William C. (2008). Sudden and solitary: Mount Shasta and its artistic legacy, 1841–2008. Redding: Turtle Bay Exploration Park. ISBN 978-1-59714-088-1.
* "Peninsula Geological Society and Stanford GES-052Q combined field trip, Mount Shasta–Klamathnorthern Coast Range area, NW California, 05/17–05/20/2001" (PDF). Peninsula Geological Society. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
* Wood, Charles A.; Kienle, Jürgen, eds. (1990). Volcanoes of North America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43811-7.
* Zanger, Michael (1992). Mount Shasta: History, Legend, Lore. Celestial Arts. ISBN 978-0-89087-674-9.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Mount Shasta (category)

* "Live webcam". SnowCrest Inc. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
* "Sisson Museum". Archived from the original on February 2, 2009. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
* "Mount Shasta". SummitPost.org. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
* "Mount Shasta". Bivouac.com. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
* "Geology of Mount Shasta". College of the Siskiyous. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
* "Summiting the Volcano". Vimeo.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
* "Land of the Giants". Vimeo.com. December 12, 2009. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
* "Mount Shasta Climbing Above Red Banks". Timberline Trails. Archived from the original on July 2, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
* "Mt. Shasta Climb-Clear Creek Route" YouTube.com 18 Aug 2016

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123. Twilight Peak
124. South River Peak
125. Mount Ritter
126. Red Slate Mountain

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The 100 most prominent summits of greater North America

1. Denali
2. Mount Logan
3. Pico de Orizaba
4. Mount Rainier
5. Volcán Tajumulco
6. Mount Fairweather
7. Chirripó Grande
8. Gunnbjørn Fjeld
9. Mount Blackburn
10. Mount Hayes
11. Mount Saint Elias
12. Mount Waddington
13. Mount Marcus Baker
14. Pico Duarte
15. Mount Lucania
16. Mount Whitney
17. Popocatépetl
18. Mount Shasta
19. Monarch Mountain
20. Shishaldin Volcano
21. Mount Robson
22. Redoubt Volcano
23. Mount Elbert
24. Mount Sir Wilfrid Laurier
25. Nevado de Colima
26. Mount Vancouver
27. Mount Sir Sandford
28. Mount Baker
29. Mount Torbert
30. Pic la Selle
31. Barbeau Peak
32. San Jacinto Peak
33. San Gorgonio Mountain
34. Charleston Peak
35. Pavlof Volcano
36. Mount Veniaminof
37. Mount Adams
38. Skihist Mountain
39. Mount Hubbard
40. Mount Ratz
41. Mount Odin
42. Mount Isto
43. Mount Monashee
44. Iliamna Volcano
45. Mount Olympus
46. Mount Columbia
47. Mount Queen Bess
48. Mount Cook
49. Mount Hood
50. Mount Sanford
51. Mount Tom White
52. Mount Cooper
53. Wheeler Peak
54. Ulysses Mountain
55. Glacier Peak
56. Mount Kimball
57. Blue Mountain Peak
58. Wedge Mountain
59. Otter Mountain
60. Mount Griggs
61. Nevado de Toluca
62. Kwatna Peak
63. Outlook Peak
64. Mount Foraker
65. Golden Hinde
66. White Mountain Peak
67. Mount Crillon
68. Stauning Alper
69. Cerro Teotepec
70. Scud Peak
71. Keele Peak
72. Cloud Peak
73. Gannett Peak
74. Razorback Mountain
75. Mount Vsevidof
76. Mount Odin
77. Cerro el Nacimiento
78. Mount Hesperus
79. Picacho del Diablo
80. Mount Farnham
81. Palup Qaqa HP
82. Mount Bona
83. Oscar Peak
84. Pic Macaya
85. Montaña de Santa Bárbara
86. Mount Assiniboine
87. Mount Jancowski
88. Cerro Las Minas
89. Mount Drum
90. Gladsheim Peak
91. Milne Land HP
92. Mount Dawson
93. Payers Tinde
94. Beitstad Peak
95. Mount Chiginagak
96. Mount Edith Cavell
97. Alsek Peak
98. Mount Valpy
99. Perserajoq
100. Mount Cairnes

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The 107 most isolated major summits of greater North America

1. Denali
2. Gunnbjørn Fjeld
3. Pico de Orizaba
4. Mount Whitney
5. Mount Mitchell
6. Mount Washington
7. Mount Rainier
8. Mount Elbert
9. Pico Duarte
10. Chirripó Grande
11. Shishaldin Volcano
12. Barbeau Peak
13. Mount Caubvick
14. Volcán Tajumulco
15. Melville Island HP
16. La Grande Soufrière
17. Tanaga Volcano
18. Avannaarsua HP
19. Mount Isto
20. Cerro San Rafael
21. Mathiassen Mountain
22. Mount Logan
23. Angilaaq Mountain
24. Signal Hill
25. Mount Odin
26. Cerro el Potosí
27. Mount Waddington
28. Melville Hills HP
29. Keele Peak
30. Mount Shasta
31. Perserajoq
32. Mealy Mountains HP
33. Peary Land HP
34. The Cabox
35. Volcán Everman
36. Greenland Ice Sheet HP
37. Gannett Peak
38. Mont Yapeitso
39. Mount Robson
40. Mount Osborn
41. Mount Igikpak
42. Ulysses Mountain
43. Cerro de Punta
44. Cerro Gordo
45. Pico San Juan
46. Mont Jacques-Cartier
47. Nevado de Colima
48. Sukkertoppen
49. Humphreys Peak
50. Haffner Bjerg
51. Victoria Island HP
52. Wheeler Peak
53. Revaltoppe
54. Kisimngiuqtuq Peak
55. Mount Vsevidof
56. Mont Forel
57. Beitstad Peak
58. Hahn Land HP
59. Pico La Laguna
60. Volcán Las Tres Vírgenes
61. Isla Guadalupe HP
62. Mount Veniaminof
63. Picacho del Diablo
64. Cerro el Nacimiento
65. Mount Ratz
66. Hall Island HP
67. Dillingham HP
68. Mount Paatusoq
69. Petermann Bjerg
70. Spruce Knob
71. Blue Mountain Peak
72. Kings Peak
73. Outlook Peak
74. Sierra Blanca Peak
75. Devon Ice Cap HP
76. Point 1740
77. San Gorgonio Mountain
78. Manuel Peak
79. Katahdin
80. Peak 4030
81. Howson Peak
82. Mount Baldy
83. Borah Peak
84. Sierra Fría
85. Cloud Peak
86. Cerro Mohinora
87. Fox Mountain
88. Cap Mountain
89. Sierra la Madera
90. Black Elk Peak
91. Mount Frank Rae
92. Mount Nirvana
93. Slide Mountain
94. Durham Heights
95. Mount Griggs
96. Charleston Peak
97. Pico Turquino
98. Pic Macaya
99. Junipero Serra Peak
100. Mount Baker
101. Mount Marcy
102. Mount Raoul Blanchard
103. Mount Marcus Baker
104. Mount Hayes
105. Sacajawea Peak
106. Steens Mountain
107. Mount Fairweather

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The 46 highest major summits of California

1. Mount Whitney
2. Mount Williamson
3. White Mountain Peak
4. North Palisade
5. Mount Shasta
6. Mount Humphreys
7. Mount Keith
8. Mount Darwin
9. Mount Kaweah
10. Mount Morgan
11. Mount Gabb
12. Mount Tom
13. Mount Dubois
14. Mount Pinchot
15. Mount Ritter
16. Red Slate Mountain
17. Mount Lyell
18. Mount Dana
19. Mount Conness
20. Needham Mountain
21. Twin Peaks
22. Olancha Peak
23. Eagle Peak
24. Tower Peak
25. Mount Patterson
26. San Joaquin Mountain
27. Leavitt Peak
28. Kern Peak
29. San Gorgonio Mountain
30. Sonora Peak
31. Waucoba Mountain
32. Glass Mountain
33. Keynot Peak
34. Telescope Peak
35. Mammoth Mountain
36. Highland Peak
37. Freel Peak
38. Mount Hoffmann
39. San Jacinto Peak
40. Lassen Peak
41. Round Top
42. Mount San Antonio
43. Pyramid Peak
44. Peak 9980
45. Sugarloaf Mountain
46. Eagle Peak

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California 14,000-foot summits

1. Mount Whitney
2. Mount Williamson
3. White Mountain Peak
4. North Palisade
5. Mount Shasta
6. Mount Sill
7. Mount Russell
8. Split Mountain
9. Mount Langley
10. Mount Tyndall
11. Mount Muir
12. Middle Palisade

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Volcanoes of California

High Cascades|

* Ancestral Shasta (destroyed)
* Big Cave
* Black Butte
* Brushy Butte
* Bumpass Hell
* Burney Mountain
* Chaos Crags
* Cinder Cone
* Dittmar Volcano
* Crater Peak
* Everitt Hill
* Fredonyer Peak
* Glass Mountain (Medicine Lake)
* Goosenest
* Gray Cliffs
* Hotlum Cone
* Lassen Peak
* Lassen Volcanic Area
* Lassen Volcanic National Park
* Latour Butte
* Lava Beds National Monument
* Magee Peak
* Medicine Lake Volcano
* Misery Hill
* Mount Conard
* Mount Diller
* Mount Harkness
* Mount Maidu
* Mount Shasta
* Mount Tehama
* Mount Yana
* Pilot Pinnacle
* Rainbow Mountain
* Red Cliff
* Rockland Complex
* Sargents Ridge
* Schonchin Butte
* Shastarama Point
* Shastina
* Snow Mountain
* Table Mountain
* The Fantastic Lava Beds
* Tuscan Formation
* Twin Buttes

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Glaciers of Mount Shasta

* Bolam
* Hotlum
* Konwakiton
* Mud Creek
* Watkins
* Whitney
* Wintun

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Cascade Volcanoes

British Columbia|

| Major volcanic centres|

* Silverthrone Caldera
* Franklin Glacier Complex
* Mount Meager massif
* Mount Cayley
* Mount Garibaldi

|

Silverthrone Caldera|

* Mount Silverthrone
* Machmell River Cone

Bridge River Cones|

* Sham Hill
* Tuber Hill
* Salal Glacier volcanic complex

Mount Meager massif|

* Bridge River Vent
* Plinth Peak
* Mount Meager
* Capricorn Mountain
* Mount Job
* Pylon Peak
* Devastator Peak

Mount Cayley field|

* Little Ring Mountain
* Ring Mountain
* Slag Hill
* Cauldron Dome
* Pali Dome
* Mount Cayley
* Mount Fee
* Mount Brew

Garibaldi Lake field|

* The Black Tusk
* Cinder Cone
* Mount Price
* The Table

Mount Garibaldi|

* Atwell Peak
* Opal Cone

Squamish field|

* Monmouth Creek complex
* Watts Point

Other|

* Chipmunk Mountain
* Crevasse Crag
* Coquihalla Mountain

Washington|

| Major volcanic centers|

* Mount Baker
* Glacier Peak
* Mount Rainier
* Mount St. Helens
* Mount Adams

|

Mount Baker|

* Sherman Crater
* Black Buttes
* Schriebers Meadow Cone

Glacier Peak|

White Chuck Cinder Cone

Mount Rainier|

Little Tahoma Peak

Goat Rocks|

* Gilbert Peak
* Old Snowy Mountain
* Ives Peak
* Tieton Peak
* Spiral Butte

Indian Heaven|

* Lone Butte
* Sawtooth Mountain
* Lemei Rock
* Big Lava Bed

Marble Mountain field|

* West Crater
* Trout Creek Hill

Other|

* Kulshan caldera
* Hannegan caldera
* Cowlitz Chimneys
* Fifes Peaks
* Mount Aix
* Tumtum Mountain

Oregon|

| Major volcanic centers|

* Mount Hood
* Mount Jefferson
* Three Sisters
* Newberry Volcano
* Mount Mazama

|

Boring Lava Field|

* Mount Sylvania
* Mount Scott
* Mount Tabor
* Larch Mountain

Mount Mazama|

* Crater Lake
* Wizard Island
* Mount Scott

Other|

* Battle Ax
* Olallie Butte
* Snow Peak
* Crescent Mountain
* Iron Mountain
* Mount Bachelor
* Tumalo Volcanic Center
* Mount Multnomah (unvalidated)
* Broken Top
* Ball Butte
* Tumalo Mountain
* Diamond Peak
* Mount Bailey
* Howlock Mountain
* Mount Thielsen
* Rustler Peak
* Pelican Butte
* Mount McLoughlin
* Brown Mountain
* Aspen Butte
* Roxy Ann Peak
* Baldy
* Grizzly Peak
* Pilot Rock
* Yamsay Mountain
* Gearhart Mountain

California|

| Major volcanic centers|

* Mount Shasta
* Medicine Lake Volcano
* Lassen Peak

|

Mount Shasta|

* Shastina
* Black Butte

Medicine Lake Volcano|

Schonchin Butte

Other|

* Rainbow Mountain
* Brushy Butte
* Big Cave
* Burney Mountain
* Magee Peak
* Snow Mountain
* Latour Butte
* Mount Tehama
* Bumpass Mountain
* Dittmar Volcano
* Mount Maidu
* Mount Yana
* Goosenest

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State of California

Sacramento (capital)

Topics|

* Culture
* food
* music
* languages
* California sound
* sports
* California Dream
* Crime
* Demographics
* Earthquakes
* Economy
* agriculture
* Education
* Education, history of
* Environment
* Geography
* climate
* ecology
* flora
* fauna
* Government
* Capitol
* districts
* governor
* legislature
* Supreme Court
* Healthcare
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* History
* Law
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* National Historic Landmarks
* National Natural Landmarks
* NRHP listings
* Politics
* congressional delegations
* elections
* People
* Protected areas
* state parks
* state historic landmarks
* Symbols
* Transportation
* Water
* Index of articles

Regions|

* Antelope Valley
* Big Sur
* California Coast Ranges
* Cascade Range
* Central California
* Central Coast
* Central Valley
* Channel Islands
* Coachella Valley
* Coastal California
* Conejo Valley
* Cucamonga Valley
* Death Valley
* East Bay (SF Bay Area)
* East County (SD)
* Eastern California
* Emerald Triangle
* Gold Country
* Great Basin
* Greater San Bernardino
* Inland Empire
* Klamath Basin
* Lake Tahoe
* Greater Los Angeles
* Los Angeles Basin
* Lost Coast
* Mojave Desert
* Mountain Empire
* North Bay (SF)
* North Coast
* North County (SD)
* Northern California
* Orange Coast
* Owens Valley
* Oxnard Plain
* Peninsular Ranges
* Pomona Valley
* Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
* Sacramento Valley
* Saddleback Valley
* Salinas Valley
* San Fernando Valley
* San Francisco Bay Area
* San Francisco Peninsula
* San Gabriel Valley
* San Joaquin Valley
* Santa Clara Valley
* Santa Clara River Valley
* Santa Clarita Valley
* Santa Ynez Valley
* Shasta Cascade
* Sierra Nevada
* Silicon Valley
* South Bay (LA)
* South Bay (SD)
* South Bay (SF)
* South Coast
* Southern Border Region
* Southern California
* Transverse Ranges
* Tri-Valley
* Victor Valley
* Wine Country

Metro regions|

* Fresno–Madera
* Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim
* Sacramento–Roseville
* Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario
* San Diego–Tijuana
* San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland

Counties|

* Alameda
* Alpine
* Amador
* Butte
* Calaveras
* Colusa
* Contra Costa
* Del Norte
* El Dorado
* Fresno
* Glenn
* Humboldt
* Imperial
* Inyo
* Kern
* Kings
* Lake
* Lassen
* Los Angeles
* Madera
* Marin
* Mariposa
* Mendocino
* Merced
* Modoc
* Mono
* Monterey
* Napa
* Nevada
* Orange
* Placer
* Plumas
* Riverside
* Sacramento
* San Benito
* San Bernardino
* San Diego
* San Francisco
* San Joaquin
* San Luis Obispo
* San Mateo
* Santa Barbara
* Santa Clara
* Santa Cruz
* Shasta
* Sierra
* Siskiyou
* Solano
* Sonoma
* Stanislaus
* Sutter
* Tehama
* Trinity
* Tulare
* Tuolumne
* Ventura
* Yolo
* Yuba

Most populous
cities|

* Los Angeles
* San Diego
* San Jose
* San Francisco
* Fresno
* Sacramento
* Long Beach
* Oakland
* Bakersfield
* Anaheim

California portal

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Israel

Geographic|

* Global Volcanism Program

Other|

* NARA
* Yale LUX

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