Move by nature

Fig. 1: A game beginning with a move by nature

In game theory a move by nature is a decision or move in an extensive form game made by a player who has no strategic interests in the outcome. The effect is to add a player, 'Nature', whose practical role is to act as a random number generator. For instance, if a game of Poker requires a dealer to choose which cards a player is dealt, the dealer plays the role of the Nature player.

Fig. 1 shows a signaling game which begins with a move by nature. Moves by nature are an integral part of games of incomplete information.

## See also

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* Games of chance

## References

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* Fudenberg, Drew; Tirole, Jean (1995). Game Theory. MIT Press. pp. 336–337. ISBN 0-262-06141-4.

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Topics of game theory

Definitions|

* Congestion game
* Cooperative game
* Determinacy
* Escalation of commitment
* Extensive-form game
* First-player and second-player win
* Game complexity
* Graphical game
* Hierarchy of beliefs
* Information set
* Normal-form game
* Preference
* Sequential game
* Simultaneous game
* Simultaneous action selection
* Solved game
* Succinct game
* Mechanism design

Equilibrium
concepts|

* Bayes correlated equilibrium
* Bayesian Nash equilibrium
* Berge equilibrium
* Core
* Correlated equilibrium
* Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium
* Epsilon-equilibrium
* Evolutionarily stable strategy
* Gibbs equilibrium
* Mertens-stable equilibrium
* Markov perfect equilibrium
* Nash equilibrium
* Pareto efficiency
* Perfect Bayesian equilibrium
* Proper equilibrium
* Quantal response equilibrium
* Quasi-perfect equilibrium
* Risk dominance
* Satisfaction equilibrium
* Self-confirming equilibrium
* Sequential equilibrium
* Shapley value
* Strong Nash equilibrium
* Subgame perfection
* Trembling hand equilibrium

Strategies|

* Appeasement
* Backward induction
* Bid shading
* Collusion
* Cheap talk
* De-escalation
* Deterrence
* Escalation
* Forward induction
* Grim trigger
* Markov strategy
* Dominant strategies
* Pure strategy
* Mixed strategy
* Strategy-stealing argument
* Tit for tat

Classes
of games|

* Auction
* Bargaining problem
* Global game
* Intransitive game
* Mean-field game
* n-player game
* Perfect information
* Large Poisson game
* Potential game
* Repeated game
* Screening game
* Signaling game
* Strictly determined game
* Stochastic game
* Symmetric game
* Zero-sum game

Games|

* Go
* Chess
* Infinite chess
* Checkers
* All-pay auction
* Prisoner's dilemma
* Gift-exchange game
* Optional prisoner's dilemma
* Traveler's dilemma
* Coordination game
* Chicken
* Centipede game
* Lewis signaling game
* Volunteer's dilemma
* Dollar auction
* Battle of the sexes
* Stag hunt
* Matching pennies
* Ultimatum game
* Electronic mail game
* Rock paper scissors
* Pirate game
* Dictator game
* Public goods game
* Blotto game
* War of attrition
* El Farol Bar problem
* Fair division
* Fair cake-cutting
* Bertrand competition
* Cournot competition
* Stackelberg competition
* Deadlock
* Diner's dilemma
* Guess 2/3 of the average
* Kuhn poker
* Nash bargaining game
* Induction puzzles
* Trust game
* Princess and monster game
* Rendezvous problem

Theorems|

* Aumann's agreement theorem
* Folk theorem
* Minimax theorem
* Nash's theorem
* Negamax theorem
* Purification theorem
* Revelation principle
* Sprague–Grundy theorem
* Zermelo's theorem

Key
figures|

* Albert W. Tucker
* Amos Tversky
* Antoine Augustin Cournot
* Ariel Rubinstein
* Claude Shannon
* Daniel Kahneman
* David K. Levine
* David M. Kreps
* Donald B. Gillies
* Drew Fudenberg
* Eric Maskin
* Harold W. Kuhn
* Herbert Simon
* Hervé Moulin
* John Conway
* Jean Tirole
* Jean-François Mertens
* Jennifer Tour Chayes
* John Harsanyi
* John Maynard Smith
* John Nash
* John von Neumann
* Kenneth Arrow
* Kenneth Binmore
* Leonid Hurwicz
* Lloyd Shapley
* Melvin Dresher
* Merrill M. Flood
* Olga Bondareva
* Oskar Morgenstern
* Paul Milgrom
* Peyton Young
* Reinhard Selten
* Robert Axelrod
* Robert Aumann
* Robert B. Wilson
* Roger Myerson
* Samuel Bowles
* Suzanne Scotchmer
* Thomas Schelling
* William Vickrey

Miscellaneous|

* Alpha–beta pruning
* Bounded rationality
* Combinatorial game theory
* Confrontation analysis
* Coopetition
* Evolutionary game theory
* Glossary of game theory
* List of game theorists
* List of games in game theory
* No-win situation
* Topological game
* Tragedy of the commons

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