Mrągowo

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Polish.  (December 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

*   * Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
* Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
* You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is `Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Wikipedia article at [[:pl:Mrągowo]]; see its history for attribution.`
* You may also add the template `{{Translated|pl|Mrągowo}}` to the talk page.
* For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

|

Place in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland

Mrągowo

* From top, left to right: Town Hall
* Amphitheater
* District office
* Saint Adalbert Church
* Promenade
* Lake Czos

Flag

Coat of arms

Mrągowo

Coordinates: 53°52′N 21°18′E﻿ / ﻿53.867°N 21.300°E﻿ / 53.867; 21.300
Country|  Poland
Voivodeship|  Warmian-Masurian
County| Mrągowo
Gmina| Mrągowo (urban gmina)
Established| 1348
Town rights| 1444
Government

• Mayor| Jakub Doraczyński
Area

• Total| 14.8 km2 (5.7 sq mi)
Highest elevation

| 200 m (700 ft)
Lowest elevation

| 20 m (70 ft)
Population

(2019)

• Total| 21,889[1]
Time zone| UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code|

11-700 to 11-709

Area code| +48 89
Car plates| NMR
National roads|
Voivodeship roads|
Website| mrągowo.pl

Mrągowo [mrɔŋˈɡɔvɔ] (until 1947 Polish: Ządźbork [ˈʐɔɲd͡ʑbɔrk]; German: Sensburgⓘ; Masurian: Zondzbork) is a resort town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship of northeastern Poland, with 21,889 inhabitants (2019).[1] It is the capital of Mrągowo County and the seat (though not part of) the Gmina Mrągowo. The town is located in the historical region of Masuria, within the Masurian Lake District, about 60 km (37 mi) east of Olsztyn.

It is situated on the shores of lakes Czos, Sutapie Małe, Sołtysko, Czarne, Juno and Piecuch.

## History

[edit]

### Middle Ages

[edit]

About 1348 the Teutonic Knights constructed a wooden fortress near present-day Mrągowo named Sensburg, derived from Old Prussian senas meaning "old", therefore maybe at the site of a former Prussian castle. The settlement that began to develop nearby was first mentioned in a 1397 deed and probably had already received Kulm town rights between 1404 and 1407, although it is verified that Grand Master Konrad von Erlichshausen affirmed town rights in 1444. In 1454 it was incorporated to Poland by King Casimir IV Jagiellon upon the request of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation, and after the subsequent Thirteen Years’ War (1454–1466) it was a part of Poland as a fief.[2] To the town's Polish population it was known as Ządźbork.

### Modern era

[edit]

Italian troops at the Market Square in 1812 (by Albrecht Adam)

Ządźbork became part of the Duchy of Prussia, a vassal state of Poland, in 1525. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town suffered through fires and plagues.

Part of the Kingdom of Prussia since 1701, the town was incorporated into the Province of East Prussia after its creation in 1773. It was heavily devastated during the Napoleonic Wars. It remained mostly a small hamlet in the largely rural area around it. Agriculture, fishing and the richness of the surrounding forests provided the sources of income for the local population. Just like all of Masuria the district was inhabited mainly by Poles, and town itself had majority Polish population in 1816[3] however in the 19th century their percentage began to decrease due to Germanisation, removal of the Polish language from schools and the pressure of the local German administration (from 86% in 1825 to 59% in 1890). The town became the county seat in 1818, with its first Landrat (country executive) being August von Lyśniewski.[4] The Polish secret resistance was active and smuggled weapons through the town to the Russian Partition of Poland during the January Uprising.[5] In August 1863, the Prussians discovered the activity, carried out arrests of local resistance members and seized a shipment of weapons headed to the town.[6] In 1871 Sensburg became part of the German Empire during the Prussian-led unification of Germany. In 1897 the town became connected to the railway system, which went from Bischofsburg (Biskupiec) to Rastenburg (Kętrzyn/Rastembork). In 1903 the city received a donation from Edward Pałasz to acquire its own forest, where it then built recreational facilities.[7]

Fountain on the main square

Following World War I, as a condition of the Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations held the East Prussian plebiscite on 11 July 1920 to determine if the people in the southern districts of East Prussia wanted to remain within the Free State of Prussia and Germany or to join the Second Polish Republic. Before the vote German nationalists engaged in brutal excesses, which remained unhindered by meagre presence of Allied forces; a Scottish regiment only once visited the city, and only to demonstrate a music orchestra.[8] [citation needed] The plebiscite resulted in 3,660 votes for Germany and none for Poland.[9]

At the end of World War II the town was overrun by the Red Army during the East Prussian Offensive and lost almost 20% of its buildings.

From 1945 to 1947 the city was known by the historic Polish name Ządzbork. The city's name was changed to the current Mrągowo in 1947, in honor of Polish pastor, writer and translator Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius (1764–1855), a noted defender of the Polish language in Masuria.

Local populace, mostly spared expulsion due to their Polish ethnicity, but many resisted being treated as Poles. The 1940-50s saw repeated measures implemented to force the locals to sign that they were Poles, or to receive Polish identify cards. People who declined often were interned. [10]

After the war, Mrągowo remained a rural town with approximately 10,000 inhabitants; this number stayed almost constant until the late 1980s. In the following decade, mostly due to economic and political changes, the town gained some influence in the region and grew quickly into a regional center for economic business and tourism. Recently Mrągowo has tried to regain some of its former beauty and to represent the region.

Lake Czos

## Coat of arms

[edit]

The town's coat of arms derives from a local story of the 15th century. It claims that when a group of local farmers was being threatened by predators, the townspeople tracked down a fearsome bear. They were only able to shoot it in its paw, and it managed to flee to Rastembork. Only upon its arrival there did the bear succumb to its injuries. The bear's paw was brought back to Ządźbork and is honored in the coat of arms.

Example of a historic house in Mrągowo

## International relations

[edit]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

### Twin towns — Sister cities

[edit]

Mrągowo is twinned with:

* Grünberg, Germany – since 1993
* Limanowa, Poland – since 2006
* Łańcut, Poland – since 2020
* Zelenogradsk, Russia

## Notable people

[edit]

* Przemysław Kulig (b. 1980), Polish footballer
* Natalia Nykiel (b. 1995), Polish singer
* Joachim Philipkowski (b. 1961), soccer player
* Radosław Pindiur (b. 1988), Canadian-Polish footballer
* Georg Riedel (1676–1738), German composer

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Mrągowo (Warmińsko-mazurskie) » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, noclegi, szkoły, regon, atrakcje, kody pocztowe, wypadki drogowe, bezrobocie, wynagrodzenie, zarobki, tabele, edukacja, demografia".
2. ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. pp. 54, 96–97, 214–215.
3. ^ Mrągowo. Z dziejów miasta i powiatu. Andrzej Wakar Pojezierze, 1975, page 91
4. ^ Mrągowo. Z dziejów miasta i powiatu. Andrzej Wakar Pojezierze, 1975, page 92
5. ^ Groniewska, Barbara (1960). "Rola Prus Wschodnich w powstaniu styczniowym". Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie (in Polish). No. 1\. p. 15.
6. ^ Groniewska, p. 19
7. ^ Mrągowo. Z dziejów miasta i powiatu. Andrzej Wakar Pojezierze, 1975, page 103
8. ^ Mrągowo. Z dziejów miasta i powiatu. Andrzej Wakar Pojezierze, 1975, page 106
9. ^ Marzian, Herbert; Kenez, Csaba (1970). Selbstbestimmung für Ostdeutschland – Eine Dokumentation zum 50 Jahrestag der ost- und westpreussischen Volksabstimmung am 11. Juli 1920 (in German). p. 115.
10. ^ Die Vertreibung der deutschen Bevölkerung aus den Gebieten östlich der Oder-Neisse. Dokumentation der Vertreibung der Deutschen aus Ost-Mitteleuropa. Vol. I/2. Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag. 1984. pp. 877–896.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mrągowo.

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Gminas of Mrągowo County

Seat|

* Mrągowo (urban gmina)

Urban-rural gmina|

* Gmina Mikołajki

Rural gminas|

* Gmina Mrągowo
* Gmina Piecki
* Gmina Sorkwity

* v
* t
* e

Gmina Mrągowo

Seat (extraterretorial)|

* Mrągowo

Villages|

* Bagienice
* Bagienice Małe
* Bagnowski Dwór
* Boża Wólka
* Boże
* Boże Małe
* Brodzikowo
* Budziska
* Czerniak
* Czerwonki
* Dobroszewo
* Gązwa
* Głazowo
* Gniazdowo
* Grabowo
* Gronowo
* Gwiazdowo
* Joachimowo
* Karwie
* Kiersztanowo
* Kosewo
* Kosewo Górne
* Krzosowo
* Krzywe
* Kucze
* Lasowiec
* Lembruk
* Marcinkowo
* Miejski Las
* Mierzejewo
* Młynowo
* Muntowo
* Nikutowo
* Notyst Dolny
* Notyst Mały
* Notyst Wielki
* Nowe Bagienice
* Nowy Probark
* Palestyna
* Pełkowo
* Piotrówka
* Polska Wieś
* Popowo Salęckie
* Porębiska
* Poręby
* Probark
* Ruska Wieś
* Rydwągi
* Sądry
* Śniadowo
* Sobięcin
* Szczerzbowo
* Szestno
* Troszczykowo
* Tymnikowo
* Użranki
* Wierzbowo
* Witomin
* Wola Muntowska
* Wólka Bagnowska
* Wólka Baranowska
* Wymysły
* Wyszembork
* Zalec
* Zawada

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template