MtDNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia

Listed here are notable groups and populations from South Asia by human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with linguistic designations (IE=Indo-European, Dr=Dravidian, AA=Austro-Asiatic and ST=Sino-Tibetan); the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup. The two most widespread MtDNA haplogroups in South Asia are Haplogroup M (of South Asian origin) and Haplogroup U (of West Eurasian origin).[1]

Note: The converted frequencies from some old studies conducted in the first decade of the 21st century may lead to unsubstantial frequencies below.

Population | Sample Size | Language | HVS-I haplotype diversity | A | L1–L3 | M | M2 | M3 | M5 | MΔ9bp | U | H, V, T, J, N, X, K, W | B, F, D, G | R | P | Reference

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Bengali in Bangladesh  | 86 | IE |  | 1.2 |  | 67.4 |  |  |  |  | 12.8 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 9.3 |  | Rishishwar2017[2]
Chenchu (South Indian tribal)  | 96 | Dr | 0.87 |  | 0 | 97 | 18 | 1 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Gujarati Indian in Houston, Texas  | 106 | IE |  |  | 2.8 | 38.7 |  |  |  |  | 15.1 | 13.2 |  | 30.2 |  | Rishishwar2017[2]
Gujaratis and Konkanastha Br.  | 111 | IE | 0.99 |  | 0 | 48 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 10 | 5 | 11 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Indian Telugu in the UK  | 103 | Dr |  |  |  | 59.2 |  |  |  |  | 13.6 | 14.6 |  | 12.6 |  | Rishishwar2017[2]
Kerala/Karnataka  | 99 | Dr | 0.96 |  | 0 | 64 | 15 | 6 | 15 | 0 | 21 |  | 0 | 9 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Koyas  | 81 | Dr | 0.94 |  | 0 | 69 | 19 | 6 | 0 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 31 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Lambadis  | 86 | IE | 0.99 |  | 0 | 64 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 8 | 0 | 13 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Lobanas (Punjab)  | 62 | IE | 0.98 |  | 0 | 55 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 18 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Punjabi in Lahore, Pakistan  | 96 | IE |  |  |  | 57.3 |  |  |  |  | 11.5 | 14.6 | 5.2 | 11.5 |  | Rishishwar2017[2]
Punjabis  | 112 | IE | 0.99 |  | 0 | 41 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 19 | 5 | 10 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Sri Lanka  | 132 | Dr, IE | 0.99 |  | 0 | 58 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 14 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Sinhalese  | 100 | IE |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  |  | 21 | 6 | 7 | 20 | 2 | Ranaweera2014[4]
Sinhalese  | 60 | IE |  |  |  | 51.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ranasinghe2015[5]
Vedda  | 75 | IE |  |  |  | 17.33 |  |  |  |  | 29.33 |  | 8 | 45.33 |  | Ranaweera2014[4]
Vedda  | 30 | IE |  |  |  | 36.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ranasinghe2015[5]
Sri Lankan Tamil in the UK  | 103 | Dr |  | 1.0 |  | 48.5 |  |  |  |  | 13.6 | 15.5 |  | 21.4 |  | Rishishwar2017[2]
Sri Lankan Tamil  | 39 | Dr |  |  |  | 43.59 |  |  |  |  | 15.38 | 20.51 | 7.69 | 7.69 | 5.13 | Ranaweera2014[4]
Sri Lankan Tamil  | 30 | Dr |  |  |  | 53.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ranasinghe2015[5]
Indian Tamil in Sri Lanka  | 57 | Dr |  |  |  | 70.8 |  |  |  |  | 12.28 | 1.75 | 5.26 | 8.77 | 1.75 | Ranaweera2014[4]
Indian Tamil in Sri Lanka  | 22 | Dr |  |  |  | 81.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ranasinghe2015[5]
Tamil Nadu tribal  | 49 | Dr | 0.96 |  | 0 | 71 | 2 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 12 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Telugu, lower  | 70 | Dr | 0.99 |  | 0 | 71 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 21 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Telugu, middle  | 114 | Dr | 0.99 |  | 0 | 64 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 21 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Telugu, upper  | 59 | Dr | 0.99 |  | 0 | 61 | 5 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 15 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Uttar Pradesh  | 139 | IE | 0.99 |  | 0 | 57 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 6 | 1 | 14 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Western Bengal tribal  | 34 | IE | 0.99 |  | 0 | 65 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 15 |  | Kivisild2003[3]
Western Bengalis  | 106 | IE | 0.97 |  | 0 | 72 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 11 |  | Kivisild2003[3]

U* = other derivatives of haplogroup U; R* = derivatives of haplogroup R that do not belong to HV, TJ, U, B, and F.

## References

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1. ^ Mukhtar Ahmed (29 May 2014). Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume I: The Stone Age. Amazon. pp. 245–. ISBN 978-1-4954-9047-7.
2. ^ a b c d e Rishishwar, Lavanya; Jordan, I. King (2017). "Implications of human evolution and admixture for mitochondrial replacement therapy". BMC Genomics. 18 (1): 140. doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3539-3. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 5299762. PMID 28178941.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Kivisild, T; Rootsi, S; Metspalu, M; Mastana, S; Kaldma, K; Parik, J; Metspalu, E; Adojaan, M; et al. (2003). "The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations". AJHG. 72 (2): 313–32\. doi:10.1086/346068. PMC 379225. PMID 12536373.
4. ^ a b c d Ranaweera, Lanka; Kaewsutthi, Supannee; Win Tun, Aung; Boonyarit, Hathaichanoke; Poolsuwan, Samerchai; Lertrit, Patcharee (January 2014). "Mitochondrial DNA history of Sri Lankan ethnic people: their relations within the island and with the Indian subcontinental populations". Journal of Human Genetics. 59 (1): 28–36\. doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.112. PMID 24196378.
5. ^ a b c d Ranasinghe, Ruwandi; Tennekoon, Kamani H.; Karunanayake, Eric H.; Lembring, Maria; Allen, Marie (November 2015). "A study of genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II of the five major ethnic groups and Vedda population in Sri Lanka". Legal Medicine. 17 (6): 539–546\. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.05.007. PMID 26065620.