Murder of Tupac Shakur

Murder of an American rapper in 1996

Murder of Tupac Shakur

East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane intersection, 2012

Location| Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
Date| September 7, 1996; 27 years ago (1996-09-07)
11:15 p.m. (PDT)
Target| Tupac Shakur

Attack type

| Drive-by shooting, assassination
Weapon| .40 caliber Glock 22 pistol[1]
Deaths| 1 (Tupac Shakur; death occurred 6 days after drive-by shooting)
Injured| 1 (Suge Knight)
Accused|

* Orlando Anderson (suspected shooter; murdered before being charged)
* Duane "Keefe D" Davis (accused of being an accomplice)

Charges| Davis:
First-degree murder

On September 7, 1996, at 11:15 p.m. (PDT), Tupac Shakur, a 25-year-old American rapper, was fatally shot in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada. The shooting occurred when the car carrying Shakur was stopped at a red light at East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane.[2]

Shakur was struck by four rounds fired from a .40-calibre Glock:[1] two in the chest, one in the arm, and one in the thigh.[3] He died from his wounds six days later.

On September 29, 2023, 27 years later, Duane "Keefe D" Davis was arrested after being indicted by a grand jury for the first-degree murder of Shakur.[4][5]

## Prior events[edit]

Murder victim Tupac Shakur, as seen in his driver's license

Tupac Shakur attended the Bruce Seldon vs. Mike Tyson boxing match with Marion "Suge" Knight, the head of Death Row Records, at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada. After leaving the match, one of Knight's associates, Trevon "Tre" Lane, a member of the M.O.B. Pirus gang based in Compton, California, spotted Orlando "Baby Lane" Anderson, from the rival South Side Compton Crips gang, in the MGM Grand lobby.[6] Earlier that year, in July 1996, Anderson and a group of South Side Crips attempted to rob Lane in a Foot Locker store at the Lakewood Center mall in Lakewood, California.

Lane told Shakur, who in turn attacked Anderson in the lobby. Shakur asked Anderson if he was from the "South" (South Side Crips) and punched him in the face, knocking him to the ground.[6] Shakur and Knight's entourage assisted in assaulting Anderson. The fight, which was captured on the MGM Grand's video surveillance, was broken up by hotel security.[7]

After the brawl, Shakur returned to his hotel, the Luxor Las Vegas. He disclosed to girlfriend Kidada Jones his involvement in the Anderson fight, previously having promised to return to her after entering the MGM Grand and having her stay in a vehicle. Shakur left with Knight in a BMW sedan after changing clothes and went to Club 662, which was owned by Knight, to perform at a charity concert.[8][9]

## Shooting and aftermath[edit]

At 11:00–11:05 p.m. (PDT), Shakur and Knight were halted on Las Vegas Boulevard by officers from the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department Bike Patrol for playing the car stereo too loudly and not having license plates. The plates were found in the trunk of Knight's car. The party was released a few minutes later without being cited.[10][11] At 11:10 p.m., while they were stopped at a red light at the intersection of East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane in front of the Maxim Hotel, a vehicle occupied by two women pulled up on their left side. Shakur, who was talking through the window of his brand new 1996 BMW 750iL,[12] exchanged words with the two women and invited them to go to Club 662.[11]

At 11:15 p.m., a white, four-door, late-model Cadillac pulled up to Knight's right side. The shooter, seated at the back of the Cadillac, rolled down the window and rapidly fired gunshots from a .40 S&W Glock 22 at Shakur's BMW. Shakur was hit four times: twice in the chest, once in the arm, and once in the thigh. One of the bullets went into Shakur's right lung.[13] Knight was hit in the head by fragmentation.[14]

Shakur's bodyguard, Frank Alexander, stated that when he was about to ride along with Shakur in Knight's car, Shakur asked him to drive Jones's car instead, in case they needed additional vehicles from Club 662 back to their hotel. Alexander reported in his documentary, Before I Wake, that shortly after the assault, one of the convoy's cars followed the assailant, but he never heard from the occupants.[15] Yaki Kadafi was riding in the car behind Shakur with bodyguards at the time of the shooting and, along with members of the Death Row entourage, refused to cooperate with police.[16]

Despite Knight's injuries and his vehicle having a flat tire, he was able to drive Shakur and himself a mile from the site to Las Vegas Boulevard and Harmon Avenue. They were again pulled over by the Bike Patrol, who alerted paramedics through radio.[17] After arriving on the scene, police and paramedics took Knight and Shakur to the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada.[18] They were pulled over just a short distance from the MGM Grand, where their evening had begun.[17]

Gobi Rahimi, a Death Row music video director who visited Shakur at the hospital, later reported that he received news from a Death Row marketing employee that the shooters had called the record label and threatened Shakur.[18] Gobi told Las Vegas police, but said they claimed to be understaffed.[18] No attackers came to the hospital.[18] Shakur said he was dying while being carried into the emergency room.

At the hospital, Shakur was heavily sedated, was placed on life support machines, and was ultimately put under a medically-induced coma after repeatedly trying to get out of bed. He was visited by Jones and regained consciousness when she played Don McLean's "Vincent" on the CD player next to his bed. According to Jones, Shakur moaned, and his eyes were "filled with mucus and swollen." Jones told Shakur that she loved him.

Knight was released from the hospital the day following the shooting on September 8, but did not speak until September 11. He told officers he "heard something, but saw nothing" the night of the shooting. A spokesman for the officers said Knight's statement did nothing to help the investigation.[17] Officers at the time of Shakur's hospitalization reported having no leads. Sgt. Kevin Manning said during the week that officers did not receive "a whole lot of cooperation" from Shakur's entourage.[19]

Rahimi and members of Shakur's group, Outlawz, guarded Shakur while he stayed in the hospital due to their fear that whoever shot Shakur "was gonna come finish him off." Rahimi mentioned the possibility that Outlawz brought weapons with them.[20] While in the critical care unit on the afternoon of Friday, September 13, 1996, Shakur died of respiratory failure that led to cardiac arrest after the removal of his right lung. Doctors attempted to revive him but could not stop the hemorrhaging. His mother, Afeni, made the decision to cease medical treatment.[13] He was pronounced dead at 4:03 p.m.

In 2014, a police officer who claimed he witnessed Shakur's last moments said Shakur refused to state who shot him. When the officer asked Shakur if he saw the person or people who shot him, Shakur responded by saying, "Fuck you" to the officer as his last words.[21] Paramedics and other officers present at the scene did not report hearing Shakur say those words, nor did Knight or Alexander, who were also present.[22]

## Investigative reports on the murder[edit]

One year after the shooting, Sgt. Kevin Manning, who headed the investigation, told Las Vegas Sun investigative reporter Cathy Scott that Shakur's murder "may never be solved." The case slowed early in the investigation, he said, as few new clues came in and witnesses clammed up. Manning stated that the investigation was at a standstill.[23] E.D.I. Mean, a collaborator of Shakur's and a member of Outlawz, said he was positive law enforcement knew "what happened" and added, "This is America. We found bin Laden."[20]

In 2002, the Los Angeles Times published a two-part story by Chuck Philips, titled "Who Killed Tupac Shakur?" based on a year-long investigation. Philips reported that "the shooting was carried out by a Compton gang called the South Side Crips to avenge the beating of one of its members by Shakur a few hours earlier. Orlando Anderson, the Crip whom Shakur had attacked, fired the fatal shots. Las Vegas police considered Anderson a suspect and interviewed him only once, briefly. Anderson was killed nearly two years later in an unrelated gang shooting." Philips's article also implicated East Coast rappers, including The Notorious B.I.G., Tupac's rival at the time, and several New York City criminals.[10]

The second article in Philips' series[24] assessed the murder investigation and said that Las Vegas police had mismanaged the probe. His article enumerated the missteps of the Las Vegas police as follows: (1) discounting the fight that occurred just hours before the shooting, in which Shakur was involved in beating Anderson in the MGM Grand lobby; (2) failing to follow up with a member of Shakur's entourage who witnessed the shooting, who told Las Vegas police he could probably identify one or more of the assailants but was killed before being interviewed; and (3) failing to follow up on a lead from a witness who spotted a white Cadillac similar to the car from which the fatal shots were fired and in which the shooters escaped.

Haaretz, an Israeli newspaper, reported in 2011 that the FBI released documents as a result of a Freedom of Information Act request, revealing its investigation of the Jewish Defense League for extorting protection money from Shakur and other rappers after making death threats against them.[25][26] In 2017, Knight claimed he might have been the target of the attack that killed Shakur, arguing that it was a hit on him as a staged coup to seize control of Death Row Records.[27]

## Witnesses[edit]

At the time of the shooting, an entourage of around ten automobiles was following Knight and Shakur's vehicle. The year following the shooting, Knight stated during an ABC Primetime Live interview that he did not know who had shot Shakur but would never tell officers if he did.[28]

Kadafi was involved in a scuffle with officers two days following the shooting, after they pulled over a motorist with whom he was acquainted, and he protested. Kadafi left Las Vegas days after Shakur's death, traveling to Atlanta and Los Angeles before settling in New Jersey, where his relatives lived. In that time, Compton investigators assembled mug shots of several gang members, which included Anderson, and hand-delivered them to Las Vegas. Manning said detectives called Kadafi's lawyer to set up a meeting with the rapper so that he could be shown the pictures. According to Manning, the calls were not returned. Officers did not try to locate Kadafi, who was fatally shot in a housing project in Irvington, New Jersey, in November 1996, two months after Shakur's shooting.[29]

Mean and Alexander told the Times in early 1997 that they had never been asked by Las Vegas police to view photos of possible suspects in the case, despite having observed the shooting and having seen the men in the car from which the shots were fired. In an interview with Alexander conducted by Las Vegas police on March 19, 1997, he was shown a series of eight photo lineups, but was unable to identify any suspects from them. Mean claimed to have seen all four men in the vehicle, while Alexander reported seeing the face of the suspect who shot Shakur. In his March 1997 police interview, Alexander said that he only saw the occupants of the shooter's car in "more of a profile." Las Vegas police disputed the pair's account of what they had reported to the officers the night of the shooting.[30]

In the USA Network documentary Unsolved, broadcast in 2018, Duane "Keefe D" Davis, a Crips gang leader in California and Anderson's uncle, claimed to have been in the car, specifically in the front passenger seat, with Tupac's murderer when the shots were fired. He declined to name the shooter, citing "street code."[31] Despite this, he stated that the car was driven by Terrence "T-Brown" Brown and that Anderson and DeAndrae "Dre" Smith were sitting in the backseat of the car, all of whom were South Side Crips and are now deceased. He also stated that the shooter was sitting in the backseat.[32][33] In 2016, a M.O.B. Piru and former Death Row bodyguard named James "Mob James" McDonald claimed he saw Anderson and other South Side Crips pull up near Club 662 in a white Cadillac and were briefly parked nearby prior to the shooting of Suge's BMW.[34]

According to Radar Online, Keefe D stated that after waiting near Club 662, they went to a Liquor Barn store and they then proceeded to make their way to The Carriage House hotel. On their way there, they noticed the Death Row caravan.[35][36]

## Arrest[edit]

On July 18, 2023, the Las Vegas Police Department executed a search warrant in connection with Shakur's murder.[37] The search was conducted in a home in Henderson, Nevada, and it was stated that the search was connected to the investigation into Shakur's death.[38] It was later revealed that the home belonged to the wife of Duane "Keefe D" Davis. Keefe D was subsequently arrested in connection with Tupac's murder on the morning of September 29, 2023.[39] During the grand jury hearing, a South Side Compton Crips gang affiliate testified that it was DeAndrae Smith who was the shooter, not Orlando Anderson. He stated,

> When [Davis] passed the firearm to Orlando, Orlando didn't have a clear shot. Big Dre is six-six. At this time he's 370, 400. He's big. And you're not going to be able to lean over a big guy like that and get — I mean, my time of knowing things, doing — you're not going to reach over like that because shells would have been popping all in Big Dre's face and all kind of stuff. He can't bend down or anything, he's too big.[40]

## See also[edit]

* Crime portal
* Music portal
* Nevada portal

* List of murdered hip hop musicians
* List of homicides in Nevada
* List of unsolved murders

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b Paul M. Barrett (2012). Glock: The Rise of America's Gun. Crown/Archetype. p. 77\. ISBN 978-0307719942.
2. ^ Carrie Golus (2010). Tupac Shakur: Hip-Hop Idol. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 73. ISBN 978-0761354734.
3. ^ "Rapper Tupac Shakur Gunned Down". MTV. 1996. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 Feb 2016.
4. ^ "Duane 'Keffe D' Davis indicted on murder charge for Tupac Shakur 1996 shooting". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on 2023-09-29. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
5. ^ Yamat, Rio; Press • •, Ken Ritter | Associated (September 29, 2023). "Last living suspect in 1996 drive-by shooting of Tupac Shakur indicted in Las Vegas on murder charge". Archived from the original on September 30, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
6. ^ a b Suge Knight: The Rise, Fall, and Rise of Death Row Records: The Story of Marion 'Suge' Knight, a Hard Hitting Study of One Man, One Company That Changed the Course of American Music Forever. Amber Communications Group, Inc. 2001. p. 68\. ISBN 978-0970222473.
7. ^ Golus, Carrie (2006). Tupac Shakur. Lerner Pub Group. p. 84. ISBN 978-0822566090.
8. ^ Rachael Levy (11 September 1996). "Rapper on way to charitable event". LasVegasSun.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
9. ^ "Tupac Shakur's Sudden Death and the Life He Left Behind". Vanity Fair. March 1997. Archived from the original on 2014-11-08. Retrieved 2014-11-08.
10. ^ a b Philips, Chuck (September 6, 2002). "Who Killed Tupac Shakur?". LA Times. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
11. ^ a b "Tupac Shakur LV Shooting". Thugz-network.com. September 7, 1996. Archived from the original on 2013-01-20. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
12. ^ "BMW 750iL in "Biggie & Tupac"". Archived from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
13. ^ a b Detailed information on the fatal shooting Archived 2008-05-14 at the Wayback Machine at "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-10-11.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
14. ^ Cathy Scott (1996-09-16). "Retaliation for Shakur suggested". LasVegasSun.com. Archived from the original on 2014-07-27. Retrieved 2013-11-06.
15. ^ "Tupac Shakur: Before I Wake". film.com. Archived from the original on October 1, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
16. ^ Errico, Marcus (November 14, 1996). "Witness to Tupac's Murder Killed". E! Online. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
17. ^ a b c "Rapper Tupac Shakur Gunned Down". MTV. September 13, 1996. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
18. ^ a b c d Interview with Gobi Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine at http://www.hitemup.com/ Archived 2015-05-29 at the Wayback Machine
19. ^ "Tupac Shakur Is Dead". E! Online. September 13, 1996. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
20. ^ a b "Tupac Shakur's Murder Examined in New 'National Geographic' Doc". Rolling Stone. July 2, 2014. Archived from the original on January 31, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
21. ^ Ryan Reed (23 May 2014). "Tupac's final words revealed by police officer on scene of murder". CNN. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
22. ^ "The Last Words of Tupac Shakur – Vegas Seven". Vegas Seven. Archived from the original on 2014-08-20. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
23. ^ Scott, Cathy (September 6, 1997). "The death of Tupac Shakur one year later". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
24. ^ Philips, Chuck (September 7, 2002). "How Vegas police probe floundered in Tupac Shakur case". LA Times. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
25. ^ Service, Haaretz (2011-04-14). "FBI files on Tupac Shakur murder show he received death threats from Jewish gang – Israel News|Haaretz Daily Newspaper". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on 2015-02-15. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
26. ^ "Unsealed FBI Report on Tupac Shakur". Vault.fbi.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-02-15. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
27. ^ Zimmerman, Amy (2017-04-04). "Suge Knight Claims He Knows Who Killed Tupac—and Says He Was the Real Target". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 2017-05-09. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
28. ^ Robinson, Bryan. "One Year Later, Still No Arrests". Archived from the original on 2014-07-17.
29. ^ Philips, Chuck (September 7, 2002). "How Vegas police probe floundered in Tupac Shakur case". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
30. ^ "Witnesses to Tupac Shooting Come Forward". MTV. March 2, 1997. Archived from the original on November 28, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
31. ^ Gil Kaufman (July 3, 2018). "Uncle of Prime Suspect in Tupac's Death Claims to Know Identity of Rapper's Murderer". Billboard.com. Archived from the original on September 14, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
32. ^ Bethany Minelle (July 3, 2018). "Who killed Tupac Shakur: Could the mystery finally be solved?". Sky News. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
33. ^ Real Talk Media Uncut & Unfiltered (July 28, 2019). "Keefe D Confession, Tupac, Puffy (Puff Daddy), Orlando Anderson & Suge Knight". YouTube. Archived from the original on October 4, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
34. ^ "Former Associate of Suge Knight Confirms Tupac's Killer, Details Death Row's Alleged MOB Piru Blood Association, in Moving Interview | Michael Namikas". Archived from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
35. ^ "'I PROVIDED THE GUN THAT KILLED TUPAC SHAKUR — AND MY NEPHEW PULLED THE TRIGGER': The Murder Confession That Led Las Vegas Police to Raid Gangster Duane 'Keffe D' Davis". Radar Online. July 24, 2023. Archived from the original on July 28, 2023. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
36. ^ Davis, Duane "Keefe D"; Jah, Yusuf (May 5, 2019). "Compton Street Legend: Notorious Keffe D's Street-Level Accounts of Tupac and Biggie Murders, Death Row Origins, Suge Knight, Puffy Combs, and Crooked Cops". KingDoMedia.
37. ^ "Search warrant executed in Tupac Shakur homicide case, Las Vegas police say". NBC News. July 18, 2023. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
38. ^ Stone, Alex; Margolin, Josh; Deliso, Meredith (18 July 2023). "New details emerge after home searched in Tupac Shakur murder case". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2023-07-19. Retrieved 2023-07-19.
39. ^ Ritter, Ken; Yamat, Rio (29 September 2023). "AP sources: Las Vegas police arrest man on suspicion of murder in 1996 drive-by shooting of Tupac Shakur". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
40. ^ Charns, David (September 29, 2023). "Witness tells grand jury who killed Tupac Shakur, rap icon warned: 'They're going to shoot you'". KLAS-TV. Archived from the original on October 1, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023.

* v
* t
* e

Tupac Shakur

* Discography
* Songs
* Awards and nominations
* Death

Studio albums|

* 2Pacalypse Now
* Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...
* Me Against the World
* All Eyez on Me

Posthumous albums|

* The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory
* R U Still Down? (Remember Me)
* Still I Rise
* Until the End of Time
* Better Dayz
* Loyal to the Game
* Pac's Life

Live albums|

* 2Pac Live
* Live at the House of Blues

Remix albums|

* Nu-Mixx Klazzics
* Nu-Mixx Klazzics Vol. 2

Compilation albums|

* Greatest Hits
* Beginnings: The Lost Tapes 1988–1991
* The Prophet: The Best of the Works
* Tupac: Resurrection
* The Prophet Returns
* Best of 2Pac

Related albums|

* Nothing but Trouble (soundtrack)
* Sons of the P
* Juice (soundtrack)
* Poetic Justice (soundtrack)
* Above the Rim (soundtrack)
* Gridlock'd (soundtrack)
* Gang Related (soundtrack)
* A 2Pac Tribute: Dare 2 Struggle
* The Rose That Grew from Concrete
* The Rose, Vol. 2

Extended plays|

* Don't Go 2 Sleep

Singles|

* "Brenda's Got a Baby"
* "If My Homie Calls"
* "Trapped"
* "Holler If Ya Hear Me"
* "I Get Around"
* "Keep Ya Head Up"
* "Papa'z Song"
* "Cradle to the Grave"
* "Dear Mama"
* "So Many Tears"
* "Temptations"
* "California Love"
* "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted"
* "How Do U Want It"
* "I Ain't Mad at Cha"
* "Toss It Up"
* "To Live & Die in LA"
* "Hail Mary"
* "Wanted Dead or Alive"

Posthumous singles|

* "I Wonder If Heaven Got a Ghetto"
* "Do for Love"
* "Changes"
* "Unconditional Love"
* "Baby Don't Cry (Keep Ya Head Up II)"
* "Until the End of Time"
* "Letter 2 My Unborn"
* "Thugz Mansion"
* "Still Ballin'"
* "Runnin' (Dying to Live)"
* "One Day at a Time (Em's Version)"
* "Thugs Get Lonely Too"
* "Ghetto Gospel"
* "Untouchable"
* "Pac's Life"
* "Playa Cardz Right"

Other songs|

* "I Don't Give a Fuck"
* "Runnin' from tha Police"
* "Ambitionz az a Ridah"
* "All Eyez on Me"
* "Hit 'Em Up"
* "Are U Still Down"
* "Panther Power"

Featured singles|

* "Gotta Get Mine"
* "Smile"
* "Playa Cardz Right"

Books|

* The Rose That Grew from Concrete

Stage|

* Holler If Ya Hear Me

Documentaries|

* Biggie & Tupac
* Tupac: Resurrection
* Tupac: Assassination
* Dear Mama

Outlawz|

* Yaki Kadafi
* Kastro
* Napoleon
* E.D.I. Mean
* Hussein Fatal
* Mussolini
* Komani
* Young Noble

Related articles|

* Outlawz
* Digital Underground
* Afeni Shakur
* Assata Shakur
* Mopreme Shakur
* Mutulu Shakur
* Thug Life
* Death Row Records
* East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry
* Niccolò Machiavelli
* Orlando Anderson
* Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts
* All Eyez on Me (film)
* Unsolved: The Murders of Tupac and the Notorious B.I.G.
* City of Lies
* "Taylor Made Freestyle"

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